CN201134469Y - Animalcule fuel battery recovering electric energy from wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

A microbial fuel cell recycles electrical energy from wastewater treatment, which is characterized in that an anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell is formed by a sealed cylindrical cell body or a square cell body, an anode is hung in the anode chamber, a cathode is fixed at the lateral wall of the anode chamber, the inner surface of the cathode is communicated with the anode chamber, the outer surface is contacted with air, oxygen in air freely spreads to the inner surface from the outer surface of the cathode, a water inlet opening is located at the bottom portion of a cell wall, a water outlet opening is located at the upper portion of the cell wall, a lead wire led from the anode is connected with the outer surface of the cathode at the outside of the anode chamber to form an outside circuit, and an electrical element for recycling or electrical energy utilization is arranged in the outside circuit. The microbial fuel cell is simple in structure, is not limited by the distance between the anode and the cathode, can construct a device which suits production scale, increases oxygen content on the surface of the cathode without adding external force, doesn't use proton exchange membrane, is low in constructing and operating cost, and can purify waste water at the same time while recycling electrical energy from biomass.

Description

From waste water treatment, reclaim the microbiological fuel cell of electric energy

Technical field:

The utility model relate to a kind of can be in removing waste water the organic while, obtain the microbial fuel cell unit of electric energy, belong to biomass energy recovery and utilization technology field.

Background technology:

Biomass are a kind of regenerative resources, and reserves are abundant, and the alternative energy source utilization as fossil energy can realize CO ₂Zero discharge, and wherein S, N content are low, can alleviate greenhouse effect and environmental pollution greatly.The biomass kind of the recyclable energy is a lot, and organic wastewater is exactly a class wherein.The callable energy mainly contains three types of methane, hydrogen and electric energy at present from organic wastewater, all produces in the organic process of microbial degradation.

Organic substance under anaerobic is converted into methane gas by fermentation, be that traditional high concentrated organic wastewater is handled and the technical method of energy recovery, because methane-producing bacteria is very responsive to environmental condition, suitable condition reaches the stable of anaerobic biological treatment to be difficult to control, methane belongs to greenhouse gas simultaneously, the friendly energy and material of non-ambient, therefore, the application of this method is subjected to certain restriction.

Hydrogen is considered to one of clean energy resource of tool potentiality to be exploited, and utilizing fermentative microorganism to extract hydrogen from waste water is the effective way that obtains cheap hydrogen.But the conversion ratio of present this method hydrogen is lower, and gross efficiency can only change into the hydrogen form with the organic energy in 15% the waste water less than 30% of theoretical yield, does not still possess the economic worth of development and use, also has very long distance from practical application.

Utilize microbe directly to change the chemical energy of the organic substance in the waste water device of electric energy into microbiological fuel cell (Microbial Fuel Cell is called for short MFC).Because MFC can be converted into electric energy with the various organic chemical energy in the waste water, energy conversion efficiency height, pollution-free not only, and when obtaining electric energy, can purify liquid waste, cut down or pollution abatement, thereby be subjected to people's attention day by day.

At present, the modular design of MFC is to adopt double-chamber structure, the anode chamber that holds microbe isolates by proton exchange membrane and cathode chamber, the organic electronics that produces in by the anaerobe degradation process in the anode chamber is transferred to cathode chamber by anode through external circuit, with its while, proton also enters cathode chamber by the anode chamber by proton exchange membrane, thereby constitutes current circuit, and connect electric component by external circuit and reclaim or utilize electric energy, oxygen molecule, proton and electronics are at cathode chamber internalization symphysis Cheng Shui.Owing to use proton exchange membrane and noble metal platinum electrode, and to need constantly charge into air to cathode chamber be the cathode chamber oxygen supply, therefore, typical MFC is complex structure not only, cost and interior resistance are higher, but also need to consume many external impetus, have limited its electric energy output efficiency and have applied.

Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1164509C, authorizing open day is on September 1st, 2004, name is called " a kind of be used for the use waste water of waste water treatment and the biological fuel cell of activated sludge ", disclose " a kind of biological fuel cell that uses waste water to make fuel; the main points of its technical scheme are: adopt double-chamber microbiological fuel cell; separate anode chamber and cathode chamber; continuous anode chamber is blown into nitrogen keeping anaerobic condition during operation with proton exchange membrane, and constantly to the cathode chamber bubbling air to obtain higher dissolved oxygen concentration." though this utility model can utilize action of microorganisms, obtains electric energy in degradation of organic waste water, its complex structure, construction cost height, interior resistance height, and operating cost height, practical promote difficult.

In recent years, the research and establishment air cathode, proton exchange membrane is arranged or do not have the film single-chamber microbial fuel cell and obtained certain achievement, but still be subjected to electrode material and structural limitations, and can only make up size at several centimetres to tens centimetres small test device, be difficult to be applied to the actual waste water processing procedure.As Chinese patent mandate publication number CN1874040A, authorizing open day is on December 6th, 2006, name is called " a kind of is the single pond type microbiological cell of fuel with organic wastewater ", disclose " a kind of is the single pond type microbiological cell of fuel with organic wastewater; the main points of its technical scheme are: adopt single-chamber microbial fuel cell; include the anode chamber of organic waste water and anaerobe filling; anode is positioned at anode chamber's blind end; negative electrode is positioned at anode chamber's openend; and with anode chamber's sealing, proton exchange membrane hot pressing is in cathode inner surface.The organic substance electronics that produces that is degraded by microorganisms in the anode chamber arrives negative electrode by anode through external circuit, proton arrives negative electrode by proton exchange membrane simultaneously, and airborne oxygen can directly diffuse into cathode inner surface by cathode outer surface, and oxygen molecule, proton combine with electronics and generate water." this utility model simplified the structure and the operation of microbiological fuel cell, and utilize air cathode, and need not ventilation oxygen-supplying during operation, operating cost reduces greatly.This utility model also can be removed proton exchange membrane, further reduces cost.But this utility model adopts carbon cloth, carbon paper or other material as anode, has the following disadvantages:

1, anode surface area is very little, the micro organism quantity that can hold seldom, the ability of degradation of organic substances and electrogenesis is very limited;

2, be subjected to anode and cathode spacing from restriction, this utility model can only make up the very little microbiological fuel cell of volume, is difficult to practice;

Though 3, this utility model can not used proton exchange membrane, but because unit scale is too little, when not using proton exchange membrane, the trace oxygen that diffuses into the anode chamber from negative electrode will affect greatly by antianode chamber anaerobic environment, thereby influences stable that electric energy produces and moves;

4, carbon cloth or carbon paper price height, easily embrittlement to the installation requirement height, are difficult to extensive use.

The utility model content:

The purpose of this utility model be overcome existing utilize microbiological fuel cell to handle organic wastewater and produce the technology of electric energy and device in weak point, provide a kind of simple in structure, production cost is low, easy to operate, operating cost is few, can make up the microbiological fuel cell that reclaims electric energy from waste water treatment of large-scale device, can apply to produce actual, remove in the waste water organic substance cost-effectively and produce electric energy.

According to the utility model, above-mentioned purpose can realize that the technical scheme that the utility model technical solution problem is adopted is as follows by stainless steel wire anode-air cathode-no film-single-chamber microbial fuel cell:

Design feature of the present utility model is the anode chamber that is made of microbiological fuel cell the cylindrical or square pond body of sealing, anode hangs in the anode chamber, negative electrode is fixed in the sidewall of anode chamber, cathode inner surface is communicated with the anode chamber, outer surface contacts with air, airborne oxygen freely diffuses to inner surface from cathode outer surface, water inlet is positioned at the pool wall bottom, delivery port is positioned at pool wall top, the lead of drawing from anode is outside in the anode chamber to connect and compose external circuit with cathode outer surface, externally is provided in the circuit reclaiming or the electric component of utilization of power.

Design feature of the present utility model also is:

The anode that hangs in the anode chamber adopts the spongy stainless steel wire cluster of while as biologic packing material, and spongy stainless steel wire cluster can be full of or partly be full of the anode chamber.

Negative electrode adopts inner surface to contain the carbon cloth of 5%～15% platinum catalyst.。

The utility model is with microbial fuel cell unit, realizes the recycling of organic wastewater purifying and biomass energy synchronously.Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are embodied in:

1, the utility model negative electrode directly contacts with air, when obtaining sufficient oxygen, need not to add aerating device and power, reduces operating cost and structure expense greatly;

2, the utility model apparatus structure is simple, and be easy to combine with current biologic process for treating sewage commonly used equipment, as combining with up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) or anaerobic organism contact oxidation technology, can new device, also can have very strong engineering practicability from the existing apparatus transformation;

3, the utility model adopts the stainless steel metal wire cluster to constitute anode, be completely free of the restriction that traditional carbon cloth, carbon paper or graphite-rod anode are subjected to material property, price, useful life and installation aspect, reduced the structure difficulty and the cost of microbiological fuel cell, and device is not subjected to the restriction of scale;

4, the utility model is owing to adopt stainless steel wire cluster anode, anode surface area is far longer than conventional apparatus, can hold more microbe, and anode surface in service and waste water full contact, surface waste water is brought in constant renewal in, make the microbe of anode chamber's inner suspension growth also can participate in organic matter degradation and produce electric energy, purification of waste water effect and electrogenesis efficient are higher;

5, the utility model is owing to adopt stainless steel wire cluster anode, broken away from unit scale in the conventional apparatus be subjected to anode and cathode spacing from and the constraint of anode chamber dischargeable capacity, can make up and be applicable to production-scale device, realization microbiological fuel cell technology is moved towards engineering reality from the laboratory;

6, the utility model can increase owing to unit scale, the wastewater flow rate that microbe total amount of holding and unit interval handle increases, the trace oxygen that diffuses to the anode chamber from negative electrode can be consumed very soon, whole relatively anode chamber, the zone volume of influence can be ignored, therefore, the proton exchange membrane of can need not cost an arm and a leg fully, useful life is short, installation difficulty is big, the construction cost and the difficulty of reduction microbiological fuel cell.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 (a) is microbiological fuel cell embodiment 1 structural representation described in the utility model.

Fig. 1 (b) is this Fig. 1 (a) plan structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 (a) is microbiological fuel cell embodiment 2 structural representations described in the utility model.

Fig. 2 (b) is this Fig. 2 (a) plan structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) are the operation result that the utility model embodiment 1 handles glucose autogamy organic wastewater.

Number in the figure: 1 anode chamber, 2 anodes, 3 negative electrodes, 4 are MFC pond body, 5 water inlets, 6 delivery ports, 7 electric components, 8 leads.

Embodiment:

Further specify each embodiment of the present utility model and the course of work thereof below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Embodiment 1:

Referring to Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), present embodiment stainless steel wire anode-air cathode-no film-single-chamber microbial fuel cell comprises the anode chamber 1 that is made of MFC pond body 4, anode 2 hangs on 1 inside, anode chamber, negative electrode 3 usefulness flanges are fixed in 1 outside, anode chamber, negative electrode 3 inner surfaces and anode chamber's 1 internal communication, negative electrode 3 outer surfaces contact with air, airborne oxygen can freely diffuse to negative electrode 3 inner surfaces, anaerobe be attached to anode 2 surface or at waste water up-flow disturbance low suspension in anode chamber 1, body 4 sidewalls in pond are provided with water inlet 5 and delivery port 6, water inlet 5 is near at the bottom of the pond, delivery port 6 is near Chi Ding, 1 outside is connected with negative electrode 3 outer surfaces the lead 8 of drawing from anode 2 in the anode chamber, connects electric components 7 in the middle of the lead 8.

In concrete the enforcement, MFC pond body 4 can build up cylindrical (shown in Fig. 1 (b)), also can be square (shown in middle Fig. 2 (b)), can use the armored concrete or the steel construction of inner wall anti-corrosive insulation processing, also can use glass-reinforced plastic material to make up.Anode 2 is made of spongy stainless steel wire cluster, hangs in the anode chamber 1, can be full of anode chamber 1, also can partly be full of anode chamber 1, anode 2 also can by anyly have excellent conductive performance, corrosion-resistant, not biodegradable material constitutes.Negative electrode 3 can be made of carbon cloth, and inner surface contains 5%～15% platinum catalyst.

The course of work of single-chamber microbial fuel cell is in the present embodiment:

Add the anaerobe bacterial classification in anode chamber 1, organic wastewater flows in the anode chamber 1 from the water inlet 5 of pond body 4 lower sidewall, and slow up-flow is to the delivery port 6 outflow anode chambers 1 of pond body 4 side wall upper part.Be attached to anode 2 surfaces and be suspended in the anaerobe of 1 inside, anode chamber in metabolic processes, organic substance in the oxidative degradation waste water, and generation electronics and proton, electronics is transferred to the lead 8 of connection through anode 2, arrives negative electrode 3 by external circuit, and the proton of Sheng Chenging also arrives negative electrode 3 inner surfaces simultaneously, airborne oxygen is under the partial pressure of oxygen difference promotes, diffuse to negative electrode 3 inner surfaces from negative electrode 3 outer surfaces, under the platinum catalyst effect, oxygen, proton and electronic symphysis Cheng Shui.Because the continuous transmission of electronics, external circuit forms electric current, reclaims or utilize electric energy by the electric component 7 that is connected in external circuit.In the acquisition electric energy, because decomposition and the transformation of anaerobe reduce the organic concentration in the waste water, waste water is purified, and microbe self acquisition nutrient and continuous propagation, can handle more organic wastewater and produce more electric energy.

Utilize present embodiment single-chamber microbial fuel cell treatment of laboratory autogamy glucose wastewater, when water inlet COD concentration is 496mg/L, the open circuit voltage of microbiological fuel cell is 461mV, the maximum voltage value at external circuit 1000 Ω resistance two ends is 235mV, shown in Fig. 3 (a), the maximum power density of acquisition is 137mW/m ²(negative electrode), shown in Fig. 3 (b), effluent COD concentration is reduced to 60mg/L, and the COD clearance reaches 88%, and coulombic efficiency reaches 32.4%.The single chamber membraneless microbiological fuel cell that utilizes this utility model is when reclaiming biomass energy acquisition electric energy, and the organic substance in the waste water of having degraded is purified waste water.

Embodiment 2:

Referring to Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), present embodiment stainless steel wire anode-air cathode-no film-single-chamber microbial fuel cell, microbiological fuel cell described in its composition and working method and the embodiment 1 is basic identical, difference is: waste water is horizontal plug-flow state in anode chamber 1, this mode can reduce anode chamber's 1 height, is applicable to larger or buried treatment of Organic Wastewater occasion.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of microbiological fuel cell that from waste water treatment, reclaims electric energy, it is characterized in that constituting the anode chamber (1) of microbiological fuel cell by the cylindrical or square pond body (4) of sealing, anode (2) hangs in the anode chamber (1), negative electrode (3) is fixed in the sidewall of anode chamber (1), the inner surface of negative electrode (3) is communicated with anode chamber (1), outer surface contacts with air, airborne oxygen freely diffuses to inner surface from cathode outer surface, water inlet (5) is positioned at the pool wall bottom, delivery port (6) is positioned at pool wall top, the lead (8) of drawing from anode (2) is outside in the anode chamber to connect and compose external circuit with cathode outer surface, is provided for reclaiming in described external circuit or the electric component (7) of utilization of power.

2, the microbiological fuel cell that from waste water treatment, reclaims electric energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described anode (2) that hangs in the anode chamber (1) adopts the spongy stainless steel wire cluster of while as biologic packing material, described spongy stainless steel wire cluster can be full of or partly be full of anode chamber (1).

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