CN109534485A - A kind of microbiological fuel cell operation method of non-anaerobical anode continuous type processing sewage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell operation method for continuous sewage treatment with non-anaerobic anode. The sewage containing pollutants enters the fuel cell body from the water inlet. When the sewage flows near the anode of the electrode, the electricity-producing microorganisms attached to the ceramsite of the biofilm device will consume the organic matter in the sewage as the raw material for metabolism, thereby removing the Organic pollutants, the treated water flows out of the battery through the water outlet. The invention transforms the anode of the battery into a biofilm integrated type, which solves the problem that the traditional microbial fuel cell must ensure that the anode is in an anaerobic environment in order to maintain the activity of anaerobic bacteria, so that it is difficult to continuously treat sewage. The present invention proposes the concept of a non-anaerobic anode microbial fuel cell, and provides a continuous, high-efficiency sewage treatment method that can simultaneously generate electricity.

Description

Operation of a microbial fuel cell for continuous sewage treatment with non-anaerobic anode method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fuel cells, in particular to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell for continuous sewage treatment with a non-anaerobic anode.

Background technique

With the continuous growth of the population and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for energy is increasing year by year, and the contradiction between the increasing shortage of energy and the demand for energy is becoming more and more obvious. In terms of energy utilization, there are problems such as low utilization rate, low mining efficiency, and environmental pollution after combustion.

With the increasing global environmental pollution problem, microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has attracted much attention due to its ability to achieve energy recovery in wastewater treatment. MFC utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms under anodic anaerobic conditions to directly convert chemical energy in wastewater into electrical energy. There is almost no loss of other forms of energy (such as thermal energy, etc.), and the theoretical energy conversion efficiency is high. It is an emerging high-efficiency It has a very broad market prospect and is also a research hotspot in recent years. Compared with traditional energy sources, MFC has many advantages: no environmental pollution, mild power generation conditions, a wide range of battery fuel sources, and low noise. Microbial fuel cells are simple and easy to operate and have low cost compared with other power generation devices. At present, the main development bottleneck of microbial fuel cells is their low power generation efficiency, which is still mainly in the laboratory research and development stage, and cannot be organically combined with the sewage pipeline. This is because the anode of the currently designed microbial fuel cell device needs to maintain an anaerobic environment, and the anaerobic environment can allow the electricity-producing bacteria to survive to ensure that they decompose pollutants and generate electricity. Therefore, it is difficult to design the existing microbial fuel cell as a continuous type. Because the continuous flow of sewage will contain oxygen and it is difficult to maintain the anaerobic environment of the anode, the existing microbial fuel cells are basically intermittent, which limits the rate of industrialization, sewage treatment and power generation. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems and improve the operation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell, the present invention provides an operation method of the microbial fuel cell that can continuously treat sewage.

The operation method is as follows: the sewage containing pollutants enters the fuel cell body from the water inlet, and the flow rate of the sewage is adjusted by the flow control device. Electron microorganisms will consume organic matter in sewage as raw materials for metabolism, thereby removing organic pollutants. At the same time of metabolism, it will generate electrons and transfer them to the anode plate. The electrons reach the air cathode through the external circuit, and the oxygen is reduced at the air cathode electron acceptor. After completing the entire electricity production process, the treated water flows out of the battery through the water outlet;

The two ends of the body are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the flow control device is arranged at the water inlet to adjust the flow of sewage, and a biofilm device is arranged inside the body, and the biofilm device includes a packing column and a Film-coated ceramsite, the packing column is a metal mesh cylindrical structure, and the film-coated ceramsite is wrapped inside; an anode plate is connected to the lower end of the biofilm device and extends to the outer wall of the body to connect the circuit to conduct protons; on the body side The wall is provided with an air cathode, which is separated from the anode by a separating membrane and a membrane changing device. The membrane changing device is composed of a liquid guide groove and a membrane support, the membrane support is fixed on the outer wall of the body, and the liquid guide groove is located below the membrane support. The anode plate and the air cathode are connected by wires to form a loop, and the load is connected with the wires.

The fuel cell is also provided with an overflow pipe, and the overflow pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the liquid guiding tank.

Further, flanges are also provided at both ends of the body.

Further, the flow control device can use a speed control valve to adjust the flow of sewage, and can also be used to prevent the damage of the biofilm device caused by the excessive flow of water.

The working principle of the biofilm device is as follows: when the sewage is in fluid contact with the ceramsite, the microorganisms grow on the surface of the ceramsite. . When the biofilm thickens to a certain extent, the inner layer of the biofilm where oxygen cannot penetrate is in an anaerobic state. In the process of biofilm growth, due to water erosion, weight sinking and other reasons, the biofilm continuously falls off, reproduces and renews, and can ensure the anaerobic state of the inner layer of the biofilm to ensure the survival and work of anaerobic bacteria.

Further, the air cathode is made of conductive material, and the conductive material can be carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt or graphite plate.

Further, the material of the separation membrane is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a proton exchange membrane, a bipolar membrane, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane.

Further, the anode is an anode plate and a biofilm device integrated device.

The microbial fuel cell body is preferably designed in a tubular shape, which is advantageous to directly integrate it into the sewage pipeline that needs to be treated. At the same time, the tube body can be used as an anode chamber, as a space for electron conduction from the anode; sewage can be directly used as anolyte. The tubular body has an aspect ratio of 3:1.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The biofilm technology is combined with the microbial fuel cell, the anode is not limited to an anaerobic environment, and the sewage treatment efficiency is effectively improved. 2) Convert the sewage treatment mode of the microbial fuel cell from intermittent to continuous to further improve the operating efficiency of the battery. 3) An intelligent membrane replacement structure is designed to ensure the anaerobic state of the battery anode when replacing the separator. 4) The present invention provides a continuous, high-efficiency sewage treatment method that can simultaneously generate electricity.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microbial fuel cell device of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Water inlet, 2. Water outlet, 3. Speed control valve, 4. Packing column, 5. Conductor, 6. Ceramsite, 7. Flange, 8. Overflow pipe, 9. Anode plate, 10. Thread, 11, Main body, 12, Load, 13, Liquid conduit, 14, Membrane holder, 15, Air cathode, 16, Separation membrane.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the used experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. can be purchased from chemical companies.

As shown in FIG. 1, the non-anaerobic anode continuous microbial fuel cell for sewage treatment has a water inlet 1 and a water outlet 2 at both ends of the tubular body 11. The water inlet 1 is the inlet of the sewage into the pipeline, and the water outlet 2 is the outlet of purified water. A speed control valve 3 for adjusting the flow rate or flow rate of sewage is provided at the water inlet 1, and a biofilm device is provided inside the main body 11. The biofilm device includes a packing column 4 and a film-coated ceramsite 6. The packing column 4 is a metal mesh cylindrical structure, which plays the role of wrapping the film-coated ceramsite 6; the film-coated ceramsite 6 is a ceramic porous round particle, which is the living environment for anaerobic bacteria. An anode plate 9 is connected to the lower end of the biofilm device and extends to the outer wall of the main body 11 through the packing column for connecting the circuit to conduct protons; an air cathode 15 is arranged on the side wall of the main body 11, which is connected with the anode through the separator 16 and the membrane changing device. The membrane changing device is connected with the main body 11 through the thread 10, and the thread 10 connection facilitates the replacement of the membrane in the later stage; the separation membrane 16 can allow protons to pass through and block the flow of water; the air cathode 15 serves to provide a reaction place and connect The effect of air; the membrane changing device is composed of a liquid guide groove 13 and a membrane support 14, the film support 14 is fixed on the outer wall of the main body 11, the liquid guide groove 13 is located under the membrane support 14, and the liquid guide groove 13 is used to hold the reacted water, so that the air cathode 15 and the separator 16 communicate with each other. An overflow pipe 8 is arranged on the outer wall of the liquid guiding tank 13, and the overflow pipe 8 is used to remove the excess water generated by the reaction of hydrogen protons and oxygen in the air cathode 15; the anode and the air cathode 15 are connected by wires 5 to form a loop, The load 12 is connected to the conductor 5 . The two ends of the pipe body 11 are also provided with flanges 7 .

The length-diameter ratio of the tubular body 11 is 3:1, the anode is an integrated device of the anode plate 9 and the biofilm, and the electrode is the main place where microorganisms attach and realize electron transfer. The platinum-carrying carbon cloth cathode is a rectangular carbon cloth electrode with an air diffusion layer and a platinum catalyst of 0.35 mg/cm 2 and a length and width of 10 cm. The electrode is the place where the reduction reaction of the electron acceptor occurs.

The operation method of the above device is as follows:

The sewage containing pollutants enters the battery through the water inlet 1, and the flow rate of the sewage can be adjusted through the speed control valve 3. When the sewage flows near the anode of the electrode, the electricity-producing microorganisms attached to the film-coated ceramsite 6 will consume the organic matter in the sewage as a raw material for their own metabolism, thereby removing organic pollutants, and at the same time of metabolism, it will generate electrons and transfer them to the anode. Plate 9, electrons reach the cathode through the external circuit, and oxygen is reduced at the cathode electron acceptor, thereby completing the entire electricity production process. The cathode is designed as a side wall air cathode 15, which is separated from the anode by a separator 16, and the treated water flows out of the battery through the water outlet 2. This design can continuously treat sewage and generate a certain amount of electricity. The scale of sewage treatment can be adjusted by adjusting The scale of the anode biological membrane ceramsite 6 is realized. Since the combined biofilm device does not require the anode to be in an anaerobic environment, it is conducive to more convenient sewage treatment and reduces the steps of sewage anaerobic treatment.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or modification of the created technical solution and its inventive concept shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of microbiological fuel cell operation method of non-anaerobical anode continuous type processing sewage, which is characterized in that by such as Lower step carries out: the sewage containing pollutant enters fuel cell main body (11) by water inlet (1), is adjusted by flow control device dirty The flow of water, near the anode that sewage flows through electrode, the electricity-producing microorganism that is attached on the biofilm haydite (6) of biological membrane module Raw material of the organic matter as metabolism that can be consumed in sewage while metabolism, can generate electronics to remove removal organic polluter It passes to anode plate (9), electronics reaches air cathode (15) by external circuit, and in air cathode (15), electron acceptor oxygen is gone back Original completes entire electricity generation process, and water after treatment flows out battery through water outlet (2)；

The both ends of the ontology (11) are respectively equipped with water inlet (1) and water outlet (2), and the flow control device is located at water inlet (1) Place is equipped with biological membrane module for adjusting the discharge of sewage, in the inside of ontology (11), and the biology membrane module includes filled column (4) With biofilm haydite (6), filled column (4) is metal net shaped cylindrical structure, and biofilm haydite (6) is wrapped in inside；In biology The lower end of membrane module is connected with anode plate (9) and extends to ontology (11) outer wall, is used for connection circuit proton conducting；In ontology (11) side Wall is equipped with air cathode (15), is opened it with anode spacer by separation membrane (16) and cover replacing device, the cover replacing device is by leading Liquid bath (13) and membrane support (14) composition, membrane support (14) are fixed on ontology (11) outer wall, and intake chute (13) is located at membrane support (14) lower section, the anode plate (9) connect forming circuit by conducting wire (5) with air cathode (15), load (12) and conducting wire (5) Connection.

2. overflow pipe (8) is located at intake chute the method according to claim 1, wherein being equipped with overflow pipe (8) (13) on outer wall.

3. the method according to claim 1, wherein being additionally provided with flange (7) at the both ends of ontology (11).

4. the method according to claim 1, wherein rate controlling valve (3) can be selected to adjust in the flow control device Save the discharge of sewage.

5. the method according to claim 1, wherein air cathode (15) using conductive material be made, it is described to lead Electric material is carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt or graphite plate.

6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the separation membrane (16) is cation exchange Film, anion-exchange membrane, proton exchange membrane, Bipolar Membrane, microfiltration membranes or ultrafiltration membrane.

7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the anode is anode plate (9) and biological membrane module is integrated Device.

8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the microbiological fuel cell ontology (11) is tubulose, major diameter Than for 3:1.