CN1916404A - Heat-phonomotor driven by heat transfer through heat pipe - Google Patents
Heat-phonomotor driven by heat transfer through heat pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A thermo acoustic engine driven by heat conduction of heat tube consists of traveling-wave loop and resonant branch. It is featured as forming said traveling-wave loop by connecting in sequence of DC controller, master cooler, heat regenerator, heater, heat buffer tube, sub cooler and feedback loop; connecting heater of engine to heating source through heat tube.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermoacoustic engine, relate in particular to a kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive.
Background technique
Thermoacoustic effect is the phenomenon of changing mutually between heat and the sound, i.e. time equal thermomechanical effect in the sound field.The hot machine of heat sound is a kind of device by mutual conversion or transmission between thermoacoustic effect realization heat energy and the acoustic energy in essence.The hot machine of heat sound does not need outside mechanical means just can make between the speed of oscillating fluid and the pressure to set up rational phase relationship, therefore, do not need mechanical transmission component, simplified the structure of system greatly.By the difference of transformation of energy direction, thermoacoustic effect can be divided into two classes: the one, produce sound with heat, and the sound oscillation that instant heating drives is the working mechanism of thermoacoustic engine; The 2nd, produce heat with sound, promptly sound-driving heat delivered is the working principle of hot sound refrigerating machine.As long as possess certain condition, thermoacoustic effect is expert at and can both be taken place in the sound field of wave sound field, standing-wave sound field and both combinations.
Thermoacoustic engine utilizes thermoacoustic effect that thermal power transfer is acoustic energy, has following outstanding advantage: the one, there is not mechanical moving element, and simple in structure, the life-span is long; The 2nd, directly drive with heat energy, the liquefaction that can be applied to rock gas and oil field gas on occasion, particularly coastal waters that electric energy lacks or the outlying district oil gas field with separate; The 3rd, working medium is nitrogen or inert gas, and is environmentally friendly, complied with environmental protection trend.And the hot sound refrigerating machine of vascular refrigerator and other pattern has been eliminated the moving element of low-temperature end.Its maximum characteristics are simple in structure, have advantages such as low vibration, reliable, low magnetic noise and long lifetime.Thermoacoustic engine combines with hot sound refrigerating machine just can constitute does not have the heat sound driving pulse pipe of moving element refrigeration system fully, fundamentally eliminate the wearing and tearing and the vibration that exist in the conventional mechanical refrigerator, the liquefaction of natural gas liquefaction, oil field gas with separate, aspect such as electronic parts and components cooling has broad application prospects.
According to the sound field characteristic difference, thermoacoustic engine mainly is divided into three kinds of patterns of the capable ripple hybrid type of stationary mode, travelling-wave type and standing wave.Row wave sound field medium velocity ripple is identical with the pressure surge phase place, and the two differs 90 ° in standing-wave sound field.The standing wave thermoacoustic engine is generally straight line type and arranges that all parts all on an axis.Because the phase difference between stationary field medium velocity and the pressure is 90 °, when the folded place of plate gas velocity is in the forward maximum, gas moves to the hot junction limit in the folded passage high speed of plate, skim over the most displacements (promptly skimming over most temperature gradient) in the motion of forward half period, therefore, this process should be to heat the strongest time period.But this moment is also just the variation in pressure maximum time, gas was compressed rapidly in this period, compression process and heating process take place simultaneously, from thermodynamic (al) angle see both be unfavorable for the compression also be unfavorable for the heating, therefore cause the hysteresis of conducting heat between gas and the solid, this thermal hysteresis makes has had the suitable temperature difference between the gas and solid dielectric when gas motion slows down the absorption heat, thereby causes very big irreversible loss.But we also should see, if there is not thermal hysteresis, standing-wave sound field in theory can not generation sound merit, and it is that cost produces merit to reduce thermodynamic efficiency; In like manner, when the gas experiences expansion process, but experience gas simultaneously at a high speed to the cooling procedure of low-temperature end motion, such process both had been unfavorable for expanding and also had been unfavorable for heat release.Can see from top process analysis: just must adopt the bigger plate of spacing folded to form thermal hysteresis in order to realize that stationary field hot merit transforms, part heating is occurred in after the compression process, part cooling occurs in after the inflation process, yet gas reduces the efficient of whole device with the irreversible thermal procession that the finite temperature differential thermal transmission between solid causes greatly.
The void size of regenerator matrix has realized the desirable thermo-contact between solid and gas much smaller than the gas heat penetration in the traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heating and cooling are approximately reversible isothermal process.Simultaneously, go wave sound field medium velocity and pressure cophasing.At traveling wave thermoacoustic engine regenerator place, when gas is compressed rapidly, gas motion speed is very little, strides across temperature increment less on the regenerator, therefore can be compressed efficiently, and in heating process, gas has maximum forward direction speed, strides across maximum temperature increase interval, and this moment, pressure changed very little, therefore can realize the inflation process of absorbing heat efficiently, this is undoubtedly highly beneficial to the conversion of sound merit to heat energy from the thermomechanics angle; In like manner, after gas enters the pressure reduction stage, gas motion speed is less, skim over the less temperature range of thermal acoustic regenerator, the reduction of the pressure that is beneficial to, speed becomes big when gas pressure drops to a certain degree, and temperature variation is rapid, gas is to the regenerator heat release, and gas experiences the heat release again of expanding earlier.Heat sound transfer process in the as seen from the above analysis capable wave sound field is carried out naturally, there is not the participation of irreversible process, and very little regenerator water conservancy radius can guarantee the isothermal heat transfer of gas and regenerator, therefore, but what traveling wave thermoacoustic engine carried out in theory is backheating sound transfer process, can obtain the thermodynamic efficiency higher than standing wave thermoacoustic engine.
In sum, realize the hot merit conversion in thermoacoustic engine, the sound field of thermoacoustic engine inside is rationally distributed, i.e. pressure surge and speed fluctuation phase place satisfy the realization condition of standing wave and row ripple thermoacoustic effect.In actual thermoacoustic engine, this phase place obtains by the physical dimension of each acoustic element in the precise design thermoacoustic engine.In addition, thermoacoustic engine utilizes thermoacoustic effect that thermal power transfer is acoustic energy, and the regenerator axial-temperature gradient is its direct driving force, and thermoacoustic engine changes working state over to after this temperature gradient surpasses the critical temperature gradient.For on regenerator, forming enough big temperature gradient, be respectively equipped with cooler and heater at the two ends of thermoacoustic engine regenerator, cooler is generally water-cooled, and heater can adopt multiple mode of heating, as electric heating tube heating, combustion gas heating and induction heating.
Heater is one of core component of thermoacoustic engine, and the overall performance of thermoacoustic engine is played decisive role.The good thermoacoustic engine heater of design should have following characteristics, and at first, it is big that heating power is wanted, and the heat that adds of heater provides enough heat energy for the hot merit conversion of thermoacoustic engine, is the basis of thermoacoustic engine sound merit conversion; Secondly, consider that the runner of thermoacoustic engine heater should have less flow resistance satisfying under the situation of heat exchange area from flow resistance; At last, angle from thermoacoustics, the thermoacoustic engine heater should satisfy certain acoustic condition, and its structure is subjected to the restriction of thermoacoustic engine piping layout mode, and the axial length of heater and the layout of heat exchanger surface must satisfy the operating conditions of concrete thermoacoustic engine.Generally speaking, the main challenge in the thermoacoustic engine heater design is to obtain big as far as possible heating power in a limited space, keeps less flow resistance simultaneously.Usually, a standing wave thermoacoustic engine experimental prototype approximately needs the 3kW heating power, heating space is about the cylindrical body of 50 (length) * 40 (diameter) mm, and the traveling wave thermoacoustic engine experimental prototype approximately needs 5～6kW, and heating space is generally 70 (length) * 100 (diameter) mm.From present research situation, the thermoacoustic engine for adopting the electric heating tube Direct Contact Heating is subjected to the restriction of heating space, and there is certain difficulty in this heating power of Gonna breakthrough.Adopt the combustion gas heating technology, the direct heat driven thermoacoustic engine of high-temperature flue gas that produces by gas-firing or coal gas can improve density of heat flow rate to a certain extent, but still can not break through the narrow and small limitation of heating space, and can bring noise and to the problems such as pollution of thermoacoustic engine.Therefore, the optimal design of the choose reasonable of mode of heating and heating equipment is a major challenge that thermoacoustic engine drops into practical application.
Heat pipe plays an increasingly important role in each industrial field as high-performance heat transfer components.Along with deepening continuously of heat-pipe technology, the hot tube industrial process equipment also is able to Application and Development, makes heat pipe heat exchanger not only be confined to heat recovery, and becomes requisite efficient heat transfer mass transfer apparatus in some industrial processs.The unitized exchanger that heat pipe heat exchanger is made up of the heat pipe that is filled with different working medium in the pipe.Difference according to operating temperature in the heat pipe pipe can be divided into: high temperature, middle gentle Cryo Heat Tube.High, medium and low warm pipe combined can constitute combined heat pipe exchanger, satisfies the heat transfer needs of different potential temperatures.The high temperature section of this combined heat pipe exchanger generally is made up of liquid metal sodium, potassium heat pipe; Middle-temperature section generally is made up of the naphthalene heat pipe; Low-temperature zone is made up of carbon steel one hydro-thermal pipe usually.According to the difference of high temperature section shell material, operating temperature can reach 600～800 ℃ in the pipe, even higher.Because high thermal conductivity energy, the secondary partition heat transfer characteristic of heat pipe, and each heat-pipe elements is independent heat exchange, single heat pipe destroys, can not cause two kinds of heat exchanging fluids to mix mutually, do not influence the effect of whole heat exchange, also superiority such as dispense with parking maintenance, so heat pipe heat exchanger has high-efficiency and economic, superiority such as safe and reliable under the high temperature heat transfer boundary condition.The perfect large-scale heat regenerator that will replace in the industry such as glass, metallurgy of compact efficient liquid metal heat pipe heat exchanger technology has wide prospect in commercial Application.
Typical heat pipe is made up of shell, outside extended surface, end cap, with charging into an amount of working liquid body after the negative pressure of being pumped in the pipe to a certain degree, is sealed then.Heat pipe is divided into three parts when work, evaporator section, adiabatic section and condensating section, evaporator section contact with high temperature heat source and be used to absorb heat, for strengthening heat exchange, the normal modes such as processing fin that adopts is expanded heat transfer surface, and the working medium vaporization behind the absorption heat in the heat pipe becomes steam from liquid; The adiabatic section is played and is connected and transmitting effect, on the one hand steam is transported to condensating section from evaporator section, from condensating section condensed fluid is transported to evaporator section on the other hand, and adiabatic section outer wrap thermal insulating material is to be incubated; Be condensed into liquid after working steam in condensating section and the heating object thermo-contact, heat pipe is passed to heating object to heat, get back to evaporator section by gravity or capillary phenomenon then.
Heat pipe is a kind of high-performance heat transfer components, and the heat hot current density is big, and the heating-up temperature height of high-temperature heat pipe can satisfy the needs of thermoacoustic engine well.In addition, adopt the heat pipe heating technology, can spatially separate thermoacoustic engine with the heating thermal source, this just brings the benefit of two aspects: on the one hand, solved the narrow limitation of thermoacoustic engine heating space; On the other hand, make the more thermal energy resource can become the heating thermal source of thermoacoustic engine, as boiler smoke, industrial waste heat, even the reaction heat of nuclear reactor etc.From the latter, heat-pipe technology is introduced the application space that thermoacoustic engine has also been expanded thermoacoustic engine greatly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive.
A kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive has capable ripple loop, resonance branch road, row ripple loop has dc controller, primary cooler, regenerator, heater, thermal buffer channel, supplementary cooler, the feedback loop that connects successively, and the heater of thermoacoustic engine is connected with heat exchanger by heat pipe.
The another kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive has that the silencing apparatus, heater, the heat sound plate that connect successively are folded, cooler, resonance straight-path, and the heater of thermoacoustic engine is connected with heat exchanger by heat pipe.
Described heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, is high-temperature flue gas or industrial steam in the shell side.
The present invention is by using heat transfer technology of heat pipe in thermoacoustic engine, thermoacoustic engine is spatially separated with the heating thermal source, this thermal source arrangement has the advantage of two aspects: on the one hand, thermal source is separated from the space with thermoacoustic engine, influencing each other of the two weakens, eliminate the narrow and small restriction of thermoacoustic engine heating space, also be beneficial to the operation of heat resource equipment simultaneously; On the other hand, make the more thermal energy resource can become the heating thermal source of thermoacoustic engine, as boiler smoke, industrial waste heat, even the reaction heat of nuclear reactor etc.The high-temperature heat pipe technology is introduced the application space that thermoacoustic engine has also been expanded thermoacoustic engine greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of thermoacoustic engine structural representation that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of thermoacoustic engine structural representation that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive.
Embodiment
In fact, no matter be traveling wave thermoacoustic engine or standing wave thermoacoustic engine, can adopt heat pipe heat driven technology, in this patent, be that example describes with traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and standing wave thermoacoustic engine respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive has capable ripple loop, resonance branch road 8, row ripple loop has dc controller 1, primary cooler 2, regenerator 3, heater 4, thermal buffer channel 5, supplementary cooler 6, the feedback loop 7 that connects successively, and the heater 4 of thermoacoustic engine is connected with heat exchanger 12 by heat pipe 10.Described heat exchanger 12 is a shell and tube heat exchanger, is high-temperature flue gas or industrial steam in the shell side.
Thermoacoustic engine heat pipe heating equipment comprises thermal insulation layer 9, high-temperature heat pipe 10 and the heat exchanger 12 of heat pipe adiabatic section, and fin 11 is for strengthening the expansion heat exchanger surface that the heat exchange of heat pipe temperature end is provided with.The evaporator section of heat pipe in heat exchanger 12 with the abundant heat exchange of hot fluid, absorb the heat of hot fluid, and this heat delivered to condensating section, hot fluid can be flue gas, industrial steam etc.Heat pipe 10 plays the heat bridge beam action, and heat resource equipment that separates on the space and thermoacoustic engine heater are coupled together.
In when assembling, heat pipe 10 can be a pipeline independently, and its condensating section inserts in the duct that thermoacoustic engine heater sets in advance, and evaporator section inserts heat exchanger 12.Mode is more efficiently, and the heater of heat pipe and thermoacoustic engine directly is made of one, and can eliminate or reduce the thermal contact resistance of this section like this, strengthens to conduct heat, and heat pipe evaporator section still inserts heat exchanger to absorb the heat of high temperature heat source.The intermediate portion of heat pipe is the adiabatic section, needs to play the adiabatic heat-insulation effect with thermal insulating material 9 parcels.By traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and the heat pipe heat transfer device of installing shown in Figure 1, after giving primary cooler 2 and supplementary cooler 6 logical cocycle cooling waters, open heat resource equipment, the hot fluid such as the figure hollow core direction of arrow enter heat exchanger 12, flow out from the upper end after emitting heat, this moment, heat pipe 10 was started working.Temperature when heater 4 places is elevated to certain numerical value, greatly about more than 200 ℃ the time, regenerator 3 axially can form an enough big temperature gradient, the thereafter heat phonomotor starts, and promptly changes working state over to by state of rest.After the thermoacoustic engine work, being converted into merit by heat pipe from the heat that hot fluid absorbs, the transmission direction of sound merit is shown in the filled arrows among the figure.
As shown in Figure 2, the another kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive has that the silencing apparatus 13, heater 14, the heat sound plate that connect successively are folded 15, cooler 16, resonance straight-path 17, and the heater 14 of thermoacoustic engine is connected with heat exchanger 12 by heat pipe 10.Described heat exchanger 12 is a shell and tube heat exchanger, is high-temperature flue gas or industrial steam in the shell side.
This adopt standing wave thermoacoustic engine application example that adopting heat pipes for heat transfer drives except the form of motor with previous examples is different, the expansion heat exchanger surface of heat pipe, heat exchanger, thermal insulation layer and heat pipe evaporator section is basic identical, so still adopt the sequence number of front to represent.
The main body part installation of standing wave thermoacoustic engine, heat pipe 10, thermal insulating material 9 and heat exchanger 12 and attached zone of heat liberation are also assembled according to diagram, the evaporator section of heat pipe 10 inserts heat exchanger 12, and the condensating section of heat pipe 10 inserts in the heater 14 of standing wave thermoacoustic engine.After giving cooler 16 logical cocycle cooling waters, open heat resource equipment, the hot fluid such as the figure hollow core direction of arrow enter heat exchanger 12, flow out from the upper end after emitting heat, and this moment, heat pipe 10 was started working.Temperature when heater 14 places is elevated to certain numerical value, greatly about more than 200 ℃ the time, heat sound plate folded 15 axially can form an enough big temperature gradient, the thereafter heat phonomotor starts, and promptly changes working state over to by state of rest.After the thermoacoustic engine work, being converted into merit by heat pipe from the heat that hot fluid absorbs, the transmission direction of sound merit is shown in the filled arrows among the figure.
Claims (4)
1. thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive, it is characterized in that, it has capable ripple loop, resonance branch road (8), row ripple loop has dc controller (1), primary cooler (2), regenerator (3), heater (4), thermal buffer channel (5), supplementary cooler (6), the feedback loop (7) that connects successively, and the heater of thermoacoustic engine (4) is connected with heat exchanger (12) by heat pipe (10).
2. a kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger (12) is a shell and tube heat exchanger, is high-temperature flue gas or industrial steam in the shell side.
3. thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive, it is characterized in that, it has silencing apparatus (13), heater (14), heat sound plate folded (15), cooler (16), the resonance straight-path (17) that connects successively, and the heater of thermoacoustic engine (14) is connected with heat exchanger (12) by heat pipe (10).
4. a kind of thermoacoustic engine that adopts adopting heat pipes for heat transfer to drive according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger (12) is a shell and tube heat exchanger, is high-temperature flue gas or industrial steam in the shell side.
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| CN 200610053274 CN1916404A (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2006-09-05 | Heat-phonomotor driven by heat transfer through heat pipe |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100545449C (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic engine system using variable temperature heat source |
| CN101275542B (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2010-06-23 | 浙江大学 | Heat phonomotor capable of utilizing multi-temperature position heat power supply drive |
| CN102141017A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-08-03 | 北京理工大学 | Thermo-acoustic engine based on moving standing wave orthogonal-superposition sound field |
| CN102159833B (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2014-01-08 | 通用电气智能平台有限公司 | Method, apparatus, and system for cooling an object |
| CN104214062A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-17 | 浙江大学 | Rotating power-driven thermo-acoustic power generation system |
| CN104653330A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-27 | 同济大学 | Cold source pulse tube engine and cold source pulse tube engine-based power generation device |
| WO2017212871A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | 中央精機株式会社 | Thermoacoustic engine, and method for designing thermoacoustic engine |
| CN108759086A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-06 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of uniformly heated sealing thermoacoustic heater |
| WO2019102564A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 中央精機株式会社 | Thermoacoustic engine |
| CN110440617A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of heat-pipe heat exchanger |
| CN110701011A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic engine and thermoacoustic heating method |
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- 2006-09-05 CN CN 200610053274 patent/CN1916404A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100545449C (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic engine system using variable temperature heat source |
| CN101275542B (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2010-06-23 | 浙江大学 | Heat phonomotor capable of utilizing multi-temperature position heat power supply drive |
| CN102159833B (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2014-01-08 | 通用电气智能平台有限公司 | Method, apparatus, and system for cooling an object |
| CN102141017A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-08-03 | 北京理工大学 | Thermo-acoustic engine based on moving standing wave orthogonal-superposition sound field |
| CN104653330B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-03-02 | 同济大学 | A kind of low-temperature receiver vascular motor and the electricity generating device based on low-temperature receiver vascular motor |
| CN104653330A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-27 | 同济大学 | Cold source pulse tube engine and cold source pulse tube engine-based power generation device |
| CN104214062A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-17 | 浙江大学 | Rotating power-driven thermo-acoustic power generation system |
| WO2017212871A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | 中央精機株式会社 | Thermoacoustic engine, and method for designing thermoacoustic engine |
| CN109312964A (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2019-02-05 | 中央精机株式会社 | The design method of thermoacoustic engine and thermoacoustic engine |
| WO2019102564A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 中央精機株式会社 | Thermoacoustic engine |
| CN110440617A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of heat-pipe heat exchanger |
| CN108759086A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-06 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of uniformly heated sealing thermoacoustic heater |
| CN110701011A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic engine and thermoacoustic heating method |
| CN110701011B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-10-29 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic engine |
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