CN100427848C - Heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system - Google Patents
Heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100427848C CN100427848C CNB2006100491297A CN200610049129A CN100427848C CN 100427848 C CN100427848 C CN 100427848C CN B2006100491297 A CNB2006100491297 A CN B2006100491297A CN 200610049129 A CN200610049129 A CN 200610049129A CN 100427848 C CN100427848 C CN 100427848C
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims description 84
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010615 ring circuit Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1403—Pulse-tube cycles with heat input into acoustic driver
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigerator system which comprises a pulse pipe refrigerator and a traveling wave heat sound engine, wherein the pulse pipe refrigerator is provided with a heat regenerator of the refrigerator and a pulse pipe which are orderly connected; the traveling wave heat sound engine is provided with a traveling wave ring circuit and a resonant straight circuit, wherein the traveling wave ring circuit is provided with a direct current control component, a main cooler, a heat regenerator of the engine, a heater, a heat buffer pipe, a secondary cooler and a feedback loop which are orderly connected. A sound power transmission pipe is connected between the room temperature end of the heat regenerator of the refrigerator and the traveling wave ring circuit of the engine. The present invention is characterized in that an inertia phasitron is connected between the hot end of the pulse pipe and the resonant straight circuit of the heat sound engine. The present invention changes the present way that the end of the inertia pipe is enclosed by a blind plate or a gas storehouse, and the end of the inertia pipe is directly connected with the heat sound engine. The inertia pipe not only can realize a phase modulation function, but also can transmit a part of sound power transmitted from the hot end of the pulse pipe of the refrigerator back to the engine. Sound power recovery is realized, and the efficiency of the heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigerator system can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system, be applicable to the coupling between thermoacoustic engine and the vascular refrigerator.
Background technology
Thermoacoustic effect is the phenomenon of changing mutually between heat and the sound, i.e. time equal thermomechanical effect in the sound field.The hot machine of heat sound is a kind of device by mutual conversion or transmission between thermoacoustic effect realization heat energy and the acoustic energy in essence.The hot machine of heat sound does not need outside mechanical means just can make between the speed of oscillating fluid and the pressure to set up rational phase relation, therefore, do not need mechanical transmission component, simplified the structure of system greatly.By the difference of power conversion direction, thermoacoustic effect can be divided into two classes: the one, produce sound with heat, the sound oscillation that instant heating drives; The 2nd, produce heat with sound, promptly sound-driving heat transmission.As long as possess certain condition, thermoacoustic effect is expert at and can both be taken place in the sound field of wave sound field, standing-wave sound field and both combinations.
According to the sound field characteristic difference, thermoacoustic engine mainly is divided into three kinds of patterns of the capable ripple mixed type of standing wave type, travelling-wave type and standing wave.Row wave sound field medium velocity ripple is identical with the pressure oscillation phase place, and the two differs 90 ° in standing-wave sound field.Because the phase difference between stationary field medium velocity and the pressure is 90 °, when the folded place of plate gas velocity is in the forward maximum, gas moves to the hot junction limit in the folded passage high speed of plate, skim over the most displacements (promptly skimming over most thermograde) in the motion of forward half period, therefore, this process should be to heat the strongest time period.But when this moment, also pressure changed maximum just, gas was compressed rapidly in this period, compression process and heating process take place simultaneously, from thermodynamic (al) angle see both be unfavorable for the compression also be unfavorable for the heating, therefore cause the hysteresis of conducting heat between gas and the solid, this thermo-lag makes has had the suitable temperature difference between the gas and solid dielectric when gas motion slows down the absorption heat, thereby causes very big irreversible loss.But we also should see, if there is not thermo-lag, standing-wave sound field in theory can not generation sound merit, and it is that cost produces merit to reduce thermodynamic efficiency; In like manner, when the gas experiences expansion process, but experience gas simultaneously at a high speed to the cooling procedure of low-temperature end motion, such process both had been unfavorable for expanding and also had been unfavorable for heat release.Can see from top process analysis procedure analysis: just must adopt the bigger plate of spacing folded to form thermo-lag in order to realize that stationary field hot merit transforms, part heating is occurred in after the compression process, part cooling occurs in after the expansion process, yet gas reduces the efficient of whole device with the irreversible thermal procession that the limited temperature difference heat transmission between solid causes greatly.
The void size of regenerator matrix has realized the desirable thermo-contact between solid and gas much smaller than the gas heat penetration in the traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heating and cooling are approximately reversible constant temperature process.Simultaneously, go wave sound field medium velocity and pressure same-phase.At traveling wave thermoacoustic engine regenerator place, when gas is compressed rapidly, gas motion speed is very little, strides across temperature increment less on the regenerator, therefore can be compressed efficiently, and in heating process, gas has maximum forward direction speed, strides across maximum temperature increase interval, and this moment, pressure changed very little, therefore can realize the expansion process of absorbing heat efficiently, this is undoubtedly highly beneficial to the conversion of sound merit to heat energy from the thermodynamics angle; In like manner, after gas enters the pressure reduction stage, gas motion speed is less, skim over the less temperature range of thermal acoustic regenerator, the reduction of the pressure that is beneficial to, speed becomes big when gas pressure drops to a certain degree, and variations in temperature is rapid, gas is to the regenerator heat release, and gas experiences the heat release again of expanding earlier.Heat sound transfer process in the as seen from the above analysis capable wave sound field is carried out naturally, there is not the participation of irreversible procedure, and very little regenerator hydraulic radius can guarantee the isothermal heat transfer of gas and regenerator, therefore, but what traveling wave thermoacoustic engine carried out in theory is backheating sound transfer process, can obtain the thermodynamic efficiency higher than standing wave thermoacoustic engine.In general, the thermoacoustic engine with pure capable wave sound field is non-existent, all is row ripple standing wave mixed type thermoacoustic engine at the traveling wave thermoacoustic engine that grinds at present.So, usually the thermoacoustic engine of heat sound core component in loop structure called traveling wave thermoacoustic engine.
Vascular refrigerator generally is made of regenerator, vascular, cold and hot end heat exchanger, air deflector and phase modulating mechanism etc.According to plenum system, can be divided into stirling-type and G-M type, the former adopts valveless to connect between compressor and refrigeration machine, and the high-low pressure transfer valve is arranged between the latter's compressor and the refrigeration machine.According to the arrangement of regenerator and vascular, vascular refrigerator can be divided into linear pattern, U type and coaxial type again.In addition, in order to obtain lower cryogenic temperature, the multi-stage refrigerating machine has appearred also.At present, the sound-driving vascular refrigerator of heat adopts single-stage pulse tube refrigerator more, has begun to have the researcher to use the sound-driving multistage vascular refrigerator of heat.Because the refrigerating capacity of vascular refrigerator is directly related with the sound merit size by vascular, and sound merit size depends on the intensity and the phase place of pressure oscillation and velocity perturbation, so phase modulating mechanism is most important for vascular refrigerator.
The development course of vascular refrigerator almost is exactly the history that pm mode improves and develops.1963, U.S. Gifford and Longsworth etc. utilize gas the thin-walled blank pipe of one end sealing to be carried out the vascular refrigerator of the refrigeration effect invention that the periodic pressure vibration produced, be called the basic model vascular refrigerator, resulting at that time single-stage lowest refrigerating temperature is 124K.1966, Gifford and Longsworth proposed pump surface pyrogen reason, were used for explaining the refrigeration principle of vascular refrigerator.This theory points out that the circulation of the arbitrary gas micelle compression and the meeting of expanding produce big thermograde in the vascular, because the thermo-contact of air mass and vascular wall progressively is delivered to the hot junction from cold junction with heat, produce refrigeration effect.
The people such as Mikulin of the former Soviet Union in 1984 have made significant innovation to the hot junction of basic model vascular refrigerator, have introduced an air reservoir and aperture, have formed aperture air reservoir type vascular refrigerator.Gas enters vascular by the load heat exchanger, is subjected to pushing the back and enters air reservoir by aperture and hot end heat exchanger.In deflation course, the gas of not only staying in the vascular turns back to low-pressure gas source through overload heat exchanger and regenerator, and the gas in the part air reservoir also turns back in the vascular and expands.This is not only beneficial to taking away the heat of compression in compression (inflation) process, and has increased the quantity of working medium in the vascular, has improved the refrigerating capacity of vascular refrigerator greatly.The Mikulin air is a working medium, and lowest refrigerating temperature reaches 105K.Be counted as a milestone on the vascular refrigerator development history.American scholar Radebaugh in 1986 etc. have done further improvement to the scheme of Milkulin, with aperture from moving on between air reservoir and the hot end heat exchanger between vascular and the hot end heat exchanger, and replacing aperture with needle-valve, the employing helium is a working medium, reaches zero load lowest refrigerating temperature 60K.This is the circulation of a kind of stirling-type (reversible) pulse tube refrigeration.Radebaugh etc. are in order to explain the principle of pinhole type vascular refrigerator, and based on enthalpy stream theory analysis, the phase difference size that draws between interior mass flow of vascular and the pressure wave is this important conclusion of key factor that influences refrigerating capacity.Based on the phase potential theory, the phase-shifter that has proposed a series of novelties improves the vascular refrigerator performance.
Big and the Wu Peiyi of nineteen ninety Zhu Shao has proposed a kind of novel vascular refrigerator on the basis that theory is analyzed, be called dual-way air-intake vascular refrigeator.It is on the basis of pinhole type, connects vascular hot junction and regenerator hot junction with a gas distributor, and this scheme has obtained the lowest refrigerating temperature of 42K.Analysis points out, in the pinhole type vascular refrigerator, some gas is vibration back and forth in vascular, neither enters air reservoir by aperture, does not also enter regenerator from cool end heat exchanger, and consumed work but do not produce refrigeration effect is called idle gas.Bidirection air intake is provided with second air inlet exactly, and that part of gas of not participating in refrigeration without regenerator, is directly introduced the vascular hot junction from compressor outlet, thereby has improved the refrigerating capacity of regenerator unit mass gas.Now, no matter the vascular refrigerator of countries in the world is these schemes that all extensively adopt, be regarded as another milestone on the pulse tube refrigeration development history in single-stage or multilevel hierarchy.
1988, Nihon University Matsubara proposed double-piston type vascular refrigerator, because this structure can reclaim expansion work, reduced the irreversible loss that causes because of aperture, and then had improved the performance of refrigeration machine.Its weak point is to have increased an expansion piston, has reduced the reliability of vascular refrigerator.People such as Matsubara developed four valve type vascular refrigerators again in 1993, had removed aperture and air reservoir.The phase modulation effect of this structure is not by the aperture air reservoir but by another transfer valve that connects vascular hot junction and compressor air inlet-outlet pipe is realized.
1992, people such as the low temperature center Zhou Yuan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a kind of new arrangement, are called multi-channel shunt type vascular refrigerator.Between vascular middle part and regenerator middle part, link to each other, allow a part of gas enters vascular medium temperature point, the generation refrigeration effect in the regenerator by an aperture.
The Kanao of Japan in 1994 etc. find to replace little ports valve can improve the performance of vascular refrigerator with an one ruler cun suitable capillary when research pinhole type high-frequency vascular refrigerator, and from then on the researcher has begun inertia tube phase modulation Study on Theory.Godshalk in 1996 etc. spell out inertance tube and utilize the inertia effect controlled pressure ripple of higher-order of oscillation air-flow and the phase relation of speed wave driving in the research of vascular refrigerator with thermoacoustic engine.Inertia tube is a kind of desirable pm mode that is adapted to the stirling-type vascular refrigerator, and it not only has very strong phase modulation ability, can also strengthen the pressure ratio in the vascular, does not produce the direct current effect simultaneously.But, for the compressor air-discharging volume less than 2cm
3Miniature vascular refrigerator, only utilize inertia tube can not obtain desirable phase place.
In addition, also have multiple pm modes such as interior phase modulation type, thermal expansion type, increase air reservoir pressure application and bivalve double small pass, all improved the performance of vascular refrigerator to some extent.
In sum, the phase relation between pressure wave and the speed wave is the key factor that influences its performance in the vascular refrigerator.The regenerator loss is one of main loss in the vascular refrigerator.From the thermoacoustics viewpoint, the purpose of phase modulation makes vascular regenerator place reach traveling-wave phase exactly, i.e. pressure wave and speed wave same-phase.At present, no matter be stirling-type or G-M type vascular refrigerator, all met or exceeded the level of sterlin refrigerator and G-M refrigeration machine at the refrigerating efficiency of 80K warm area.
The vascular refrigerator that thermoacoustic engine drives is a high frequency stirling-type vascular refrigerator, at present phase adjusted modes that adopt the aperture air reservoir to add bidirection air intake more.Bidirection air intake can reduce cryogenic temperature to a certain extent, improves the performance of vascular refrigerator.But the existence of bidirection air intake makes to have a loop in the vascular refrigerator, equal unidirectional mass flow when causing easily, thus make the axial temperature distribution substantial deviation linearity of vascular and regenerator.This unidirectional mass flow has been brought a parasitic thermal load to vascular refrigerator, causes reducing of refrigerating capacity.Therefore, many researchers begin sight is turned to the inertia tube phase modulation, and theoretically, inertia tube has stronger phase modulation ability, make vascular refrigerator regenerator place reach traveling-wave phase.At present, when utilizing inertia tube to carry out phase adjusted, one of inertia tube terminates at the vascular hot junction, and the other end can seal with blind plate, also can be connected on the air reservoir.Because the inertia tube diameter is generally less, if terminal blind plate sealing or the air reservoir of adopting connects, the sound merit that passes over from the vascular hot junction will be consumed fully, makes the coefficient of performance of whole heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration system descend.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system.
It comprises vascular refrigerator and traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, vascular refrigerator has the refrigeration machine regenerator that connects successively, vascular, traveling wave thermoacoustic engine has the capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine, resonance straight-path, wherein the capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine has the DC control component that connects successively, primary cooler, the engine regenerator, heater, thermal buffer tube, inferior cooler, backfeed loop, be connected to merit transfer tube between the capable ripple loop of the indoor temperature end of refrigeration machine regenerator and thermoacoustic engine, it is characterized in that: threeway place between capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine and the resonance straight-path is connected to inertia tube.
The present invention has changed in the past, and the inertia tube end directly links to each other the end of inertia tube with thermoacoustic engine with the mode of blind plate or air reservoir sealing.Thus, inertia tube can also be carried the backheat phonomotor to the sound merit that a part spreads out of from vascular refrigerator vascular hot junction except realizing the phase modulation function, has realized that the sound merit reclaims, and can improve the efficient of heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system to a certain extent.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system shown in the drawings is made up of traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, vascular refrigerator and other appurtenances.Vascular refrigerator has refrigeration machine regenerator 1, the vascular 2 that connects successively, traveling wave thermoacoustic engine has capable ripple loop, resonance straight-path 10, and the ripple loop of wherein going has DC control component 3, primary cooler 4, engine regenerator 5, heater 6, thermal buffer tube 7, inferior cooler 8, the backfeed loop 9 that connects successively.The regenerator hot junction of vascular refrigerator links to each other with thermoacoustic engine by the pipeline 11 that an internal diameter is about 8mm, is used for the sound merit is transmitted into vascular refrigerator from thermoacoustic engine.Connect in the vascular hot junction of vascular refrigerator that an internal diameter is about 1～4mm, length is the elongated tubular of 2～5m, its end directly is connected on the engine pipelines, and this root elongated tubular is exactly an inertia tube 12.Inertia tube 12 can be stainless steel tube, copper tube, even plastic flexible pipe.In the method for attachment schematic diagram that accompanying drawing provides, the end of inertia tube is connected on threeway place between thermoacoustic engine loop and the resonance straight-path.After engine and vascular refrigerator were started working, the sound merit produced control transfer of heat from the regenerator input of vascular refrigerator in backheat, thereby at vascular refrigerator cold head generation refrigeration effect.This moment, the effect of inertia tube had two, and the one, its diameter and length are determining the pressure oscillation in the vascular refrigerator and the phase place of velocity perturbation, guarantee that the vascular refrigerator regenerator is in traveling-wave phase; In addition, it feeds back to thermoacoustic engine to the sound merit that spreads out of from the vascular hot junction, has improved the efficient of heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system.
Claims (1)
1. heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system, it comprises vascular refrigerator and traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, vascular refrigerator has the refrigeration machine regenerator (1) that connects successively, vascular (2), traveling wave thermoacoustic engine has the capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine, resonance straight-path (10), wherein the capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine has the DC control component (3) that connects successively, primary cooler (4), engine regenerator (5), heater (6), thermal buffer tube (7), inferior cooler (8), backfeed loop (9), be connected to merit transfer tube (11) between the capable ripple loop of the indoor temperature end of refrigeration machine regenerator and thermoacoustic engine, it is characterized in that: threeway place between capable ripple loop of thermoacoustic engine and the resonance straight-path is connected to inertia tube (12), and the inertia tube other end is connected with the vascular hot junction.
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| CNB2006100491297A CN100427848C (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2006-01-17 | Heat sound driving pulse pipe refrigeration machine system |
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| CN100427848C true CN100427848C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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| CN100545449C (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic engine system using variable temperature heat source |
| CN104214062A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-17 | 浙江大学 | Rotating power-driven thermo-acoustic power generation system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1673649A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2005-09-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic driving pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN2876632Y (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-03-07 | 浙江大学 | Thermoacoustic driven pulse tube refrigerator system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1673649A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2005-09-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic driving pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN2876632Y (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-03-07 | 浙江大学 | Thermoacoustic driven pulse tube refrigerator system |
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