Background technology
Usually the making of Chinese prickly ash oil is to adopt following method:
1, oily molten method (immersion method, oily pouring method) is the conventional method of producing Chinese prickly ash oil, oily factory uses by domestic most Chinese prickly ashes, its way is: the edible vegetable oil of Chinese prickly ash directly being put into heat seals, perhaps Chinese prickly ash is contained in the container of aperture less than the Chinese prickly ash diameter, slowly drench the edible vegetable oil of heat in the container, explode its fragrance, active ingredient is dissolved in the oil, promptly get Chinese prickly ash oil.
The limitation of said method is bigger, mainly is (120-180 ℃) the bad grasp of oil temperature.If temperature is too high, fragrance and the spicy component in the Chinese prickly ash be volatile, decompose and lose.If oily temperature is low excessively, moisture is not easily separated, causes spoiled by rancid oil or fatly easily, and active ingredient can not fully dissolve, and only has part to enter in the oil, causes waste and product cost higher, the shortage market competitiveness.Secondly, it is low to exist production efficiency, and labour intensity is big, and product loses shortcomings such as aquatic foods.
2, solvent extraction
Select for use boiling point to make solvent, Chinese prickly ash is carried out lixiviate repeatedly, obtain Japan pepper essential oil, heat both to mix with edible vegetable oil then and be Chinese prickly ash oil at 60-70 ℃ benzinum.The method is defectiveness also, and the one, the dissolvent residual problem causes product fragrance impure; The 2nd, the volatilization of solvent increases product cost virtually in the heating process, and atmospheric environment is caused to a certain degree pollution.
3, supercritical CO 2 extraction
The method is advanced: with liquid CO 2 the extracts active ingredients in the Chinese prickly ash is come out, be Japan pepper essential oil, be equipped with edible vegetable oil again and form.Though the Chinese prickly ash oil quality that the method is produced is better, and following defective is arranged: the one, in the Chinese prickly ash picking season, use this method day processing fresh flower green pepper amount limited.This method temperature is 35-40 ℃, and the single extraction time is about 5h, and a day processing maximum is no more than 3 tons, so this method is not suitable for Chinese prickly ash rush-harvest big production in season.The 2nd, when this method is used to extract the fresh flower green pepper, the Chinese prickly ash pericarp be pulverized or compressing tablet together with Chinese prickly ash seed (contain a stand oil in the Chinese prickly ash seed, but its acid value being high and bitter taste arranged), cause that the product acid value increases, local flavor changes to some extent.The 3rd, its working condition and corresponding labour protection measures strict (extraction container belongs to third class(grade) pressure vessel) need expensive and special equipment (about 6,000,000 yuan of the extraction equipment of 3 * 500L), thereby this method are restricted on using.
In addition, also have the way of distillation to produce Chinese prickly ash oil, but this method is eliminated.The traditional frying technological process that adopts makes being fragrant, being bright, taste compound composition and nutrition suffers the high temperature failure loss in the Chinese prickly ash, causes product (Chinese prickly ash oil) with low quality, has peculiar smell concurrently.As 200410022487.x disclosed " bright green wild pepper production process ", adopted high temperature equally.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned defective, the invention provides the production technology of processing fresh zanthoxylum oil under a kind of normal temperature and pressure:
A, select materials: the fresh flower green pepper is plucked, and cleans, and divides;
B, preparation fresh flower green pepper essence: under the normal temperature and pressure, mix, carry out scum juice with the oil vacuole of the broken Chinese prickly ash pericarp of squeezer strand and separate, with oil-water separator juice is carried out water-oil separating again by weight fresh flower green pepper 3~10 edible vegetable oils 1~10 proportioning;
C, preparation fresh zanthoxylum oil: the fresh flower green pepper essence of second step is taken off through 50~150 orders assorted, Chinese prickly ash smart with edible vegetable oil by weight 1: 1~10 dilutions, again through the smart filter of 3~10 microns millipore filter, divide a bottle can to get final product.
For better effect: a step is divided the thickness of fresh flower green pepper less than 6cm.
Juice after scum juice separates in the b step carries out water-oil separating at 2h with interior.
According to the Chinese prickly ash maturity, 0~3% the water that adds fresh flower green pepper weight carries out wetting, adds edible vegetable oil again and mixes in the b step.
Do not twist brokenly the Chinese prickly ash seed in the b step squeezer expressing process.
The method is brought following effect:
1, product quality is excellent, and is nutritious.
The pericarp of fresh flower green pepper mainly contains volatile oil, alkaloid, acid amides, lignanoid, cumarin and aliphatic acid etc. and all contains volatile oil, and contain different anisole (estragol) in the oil and hold together geraniol (geraniol) etc., and contained nutritious, contain in per 100 grams:
The composition title | Content | The composition title | Content | The composition title | Content |
Edible energy (kilojoule) carbohydrate (gram) ash (gram) retinol (milligram) niacin (milligram) a-E calcium (milligram) sodium (milligram) zinc (milligram) manganese (milligram) | 100 1079 66.5 6.9 0 1.6 1.16 639 47.4 1.9 3.33 | Moisture (gram) protein (gram) dietary fiber (gram) vitamin A (milligram) thiamine (microgram) vitamin C (milligram) (β-γ)-E phosphorus (milligram) magnesium (milligram) selenium (microgram) iodine (milligram) | 11 6.7 28.7 23 0.12 0 1.24 69 111 1.96 13.7 | Energy (kilocalorie) fat (gram) cholesterol (milligram) carrotene (milligram) riboflavin (milligram) vitamin E (T) (milligram) δ-E potassium (milligram) iron (milligram) copper (milligram) | 258 8.9 0 140 0.43 2.47 0.07 204 8.4 1.02 |
The composition title | Content (milligram) | The composition title | Content (milligram) | The composition title | Content (milligram) |
The isoleucine sulfur-containing amino acid, (T) aromatic amino acid, (T) threonine arginine aspartic acid proline | 224 235 358 220 478 644 309 | Leucine methionine phenylalanine tryptophan histidine glutamic acid serine | 377 74 161 61 86 863 285 | Lysine cystine tyrosine valine alanine glycine | 306 161 197 268 261 307 |
Each procedure of processing of the present invention has all kept the genuine and abundant nutrition of fresh flower green pepper to the queen's taste.Dividing of a step is to prevent to generate heat to cause being fragrant, being bright, taste compound in the fresh flower green pepper.The loss or rot.Need not (being room temperature or normal temperature) under the heating condition, the fresh flower green pepper mixes with edible vegetable oil, the oil vacuole of the broken fresh flower green pepper pericarp of strand, thereby make containedly in the pericarp oil vacuole be fragrant, be bright, (overwhelming majority belongs to oil soluble material to the taste compound composition, mainly be volatile flavor and numb monosodium glutamate) and the abundant mixed dissolution of edible vegetable oil, carry out scum juice then and separate.To carry out water-oil separating also be in order to prevent that fermentation from losing bright to juice after scum juice separates in the b step with interior at 2h.Water-oil separating gains high concentration Chinese prickly ash oil one by one are commonly called as and smart the mixing with a certain proportion of edible vegetable oil of Chinese prickly ash promptly get fresh zanthoxylum oil.This method mainly utilize containedly in pericarp or the oil vacuole be fragrant, be bright, the taste compound composition is identical with edible vegetable oil polarity, affinity is arranged, the principle that can dissolve each other reaches unusual technological effect.
The leading indicator (table one) of the fresh flower green pepper essence of producing with this method
Color and luster | Smell | Flavour | Fragrance volatile matter % | Acid value mg.KOH/g | Refraction index (20 ℃) | Peroxide value mmol/Kg |
Yellow-green liquid | There are strong fresh flower green pepper delicate fragrance and fragrance pure | The fiber crops flavor is violent lasting | ≤ 2.7 measured values: 2.46 | ≤ 4.0 measured values: 3.5 | 1.4692-1.4791 measured value: 1.4749 | ≤ 6.0 measured values: 2.1 |
(measured result source: grain and oil quality supervision and inspection station, ten thousand state, Chongqing City)
The Chinese prickly ash essence is Chinese prickly ash oil, leading indicator (table two) with the edible vegetable oil dilution
Color and luster | Smell | Flavour | Fragrance volatile matter % | Acid value mg.KOH/g | Refraction index (20 ℃) | Peroxide value mmol/Kg | Impurity % |
Yellowish red color | Has the intrinsic special aroma of Chinese prickly ash, free from extraneous odour | The fiber crops flavor is strong | ≤ 0.68 measured value: 0.68 | ≤ 4.00 measured values: 3.68 | 1.4692-1.4791 measured value: 1.4731 | ≤ 6.0 measured values: 4.36 | ≤ 0.2 measured value: 0.05 |
(measured result source: Chongqing City's Wanzhou District product quality supervision and testing institute)
(the Fructus Zanthoxyli oil acid value is quite high because the present invention does not twist brokenly the Chinese prickly ash seed, only can make industrial feedstock oil, can not cook edible oil) and need not heating, make being fragrant, being bright, taste compound composition and being retained in the product to greatest extent in the Chinese prickly ash, make simultaneously that contained high acid value oil is excluded outside product in the Chinese prickly ash seed, thereby the product acid value is low, peroxide value is low, spicy hot is strong, belongs to safety food.As shown in Table 3, the acid value of the Chinese prickly ash essence that this method is produced is far below the acid value of the Japan pepper essential oil of producing with supercritical CO 2 extraction and solvent extraction, and fragrant volatile matter (mainly being aroma-producing substance) content is greater than the product of supercritical CO 2 extraction and solvent extraction production.From table four as can be known, the Chinese prickly ash oil of the smart dilution of the Chinese prickly ash gained of this method production will outclass the Chinese prickly ash oil of producing with oily molten method (immersion method, oily pouring method) aspect sense organ, the physical and chemical indexs such as smell, flavour, fragrant volatile content.
The smart leading indicator of the Chinese prickly ash that this method and other method are produced is (table three) relatively
Extracting method | Color and luster | Smell | Flavour | Fragrance volatile matter % | Acid value mg.KOH/g | Refraction index (20 ℃) |
The present invention | Yellow-green liquid | There are strong fresh flower green pepper delicate fragrance and fragrance pure | The fiber crops flavor is violent lasting | ≤2.7 | ≤4.0 | 1.4692-1.47 91 |
The supercritical CO 2 extraction | Light brown liquid | There is not bright pepper flavor | The fiber crops flavor is strong | ≤1.2 | ≤20 | 1.4910-1.52 10 |
Solvent extraction | Brown liquid | Do not have bright pepper flavor, the dissolvent residual flavor is arranged | The fiber crops flavor is dense | ≤0.52 | ≤ 20.07 | 1.4832 |
The Chinese prickly ash oil leading indicator that this method and oily molten method (immersion method, oily pouring method) are produced is (table four) relatively
Extracting method | Color and luster | Smell | Flavour | Fragrance volatile matter % | Acid value mg.KOH/g | Refraction index (20 ℃) |
The present invention | Yellowish red color | Has the intrinsic special aroma of Chinese prickly ash, free from extraneous odour | The fiber crops flavor is strong | ≤0.68 | ≤4.00 | 1.4692-1.47 91 |
Oil molten method (immersion method, oily pouring method) | Brown liquid | No fresh flower pepper flavor | A little less than the fiber crops flavor | ≤0.26 | ≤4.00 | 1.4700 |
2, recovery rate height, processing method is simple, and labour intensity is little, and output is big.Adopt this method, can handle 20 tons of fresh flower greens pepper 144 man-hours (24h * 6 people), be what oily molten method (immersion method, oily pouring method) can not be by comparison, day output is to be suitable for seasonal method of getting the harvest in quickly the big production of fresh flower green pepper most much larger than supercritical CO 2 extraction and solvent extraction.Simultaneously, the Chinese prickly ash slag after the processing does not almost have the fiber crops flavor, has avoided the waste of resource.
3, fund input is few.Compare with solvent extraction with the supercritical CO 2 extraction, this method equipment drops into little (be mainly and twist broken, separation equipment); Compare with the molten method of oil (immersion method, oily pouring method), this method does not need to engross edible vegetable oil and take extensive fund season in production.
4, need not heat, not need chemical solvent, environmental protection, nutrition, safety.The molten method of oil (immersion method, oily pouring method) need be carried out under 120-180 ℃ condition, supercritical CO 2 extraction treatment temperature is 35-40 ℃, the temperature conditions of solvent extraction is 60-70 ℃, and the present invention can carry out under room temperature, normal temperature, need not heat, need not add simultaneously the chemical solvent extraction, environmental protection, nutrition, safety.
The Chinese prickly ash essence of producing or Chinese prickly ash oil because of the grade of the edible vegetable oil that mixes in the processing is different different with extension rate, present grass green, green, yellow green, yellowish red color respectively, pure natural is pollution-free, color is clear transparent fast, makes us appetite and doubles.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
A, select materials: the fresh flower green pepper is plucked, and cleans, and dividing one deck is 0.4cm;
B, preparation fresh flower green pepper essence: under the normal temperature and pressure, the fresh flower green pepper is 1000g, and edible vegetable oil 3000g proportioning is mixed, and the oil vacuole that breaks the Chinese prickly ash pericarp with the squeezer strand carries out carrying out water-oil separating with oil-water separator immediately after scum juice separates;
C, preparation fresh zanthoxylum oil: the fresh flower green pepper essence of b step is taken off through 150 orders assorted, Chinese prickly ash smart with edible vegetable oil by weight dilution in 1: 2, again through the smart filter of 3 microns millipore filter, divide a bottle can to get final product.
Embodiment two
A, select materials: the fresh flower green pepper is plucked, and cleans, and dividing one deck is 1cm;
B, preparation fresh flower green pepper essence: under the normal temperature and pressure, season in evening the fresh flower green pepper be 10000g, 250g water, edible vegetable oil 1000g proportioning is mixed, oil vacuole with the broken Chinese prickly ash pericarp of squeezer strand carries out the scum juice separation, does not twist brokenly the Chinese prickly ash seed, carries out water-oil separating with oil-water separator in 1 hour;
C, preparation fresh zanthoxylum oil: the fresh flower green pepper essence of b step is taken off through 50 orders assorted, Chinese prickly ash smart with edible vegetable oil by weight dilution in 1: 3, through the smart filter of 10 microns millipore filter, canned storage gets final product again.
Embodiment three
A, select materials: the fresh flower green pepper is plucked, and cleans, and dividing one deck is 6cm;
B, preparation fresh flower green pepper essence: under the normal temperature and pressure, the fresh flower green pepper is 5000g, and edible vegetable oil 1000g proportioning is mixed, and the oil vacuole that breaks the Chinese prickly ash pericarp with the squeezer strand carries out the scum juice separation, does not twist brokenly the Chinese prickly ash seed, carries out water-oil separating with oil-water separator in 2 hours;
C, preparation fresh zanthoxylum oil: the fresh flower green pepper essence of b step is taken off through 80 orders assorted, Chinese prickly ash smart with edible vegetable oil by weight dilution in 1: 10, again through the smart filter of 5 microns millipore filter, divide a bottle can to get product.