CN1639125A - 新的组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
新的组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1639125A CN1639125A CNA038056755A CN03805675A CN1639125A CN 1639125 A CN1639125 A CN 1639125A CN A038056755 A CNA038056755 A CN A038056755A CN 03805675 A CN03805675 A CN 03805675A CN 1639125 A CN1639125 A CN 1639125A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- amino
- hydroxyl
- base
- alkoxyl group
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明包括一种新颖的式(I)化合物,其中n、t、R1、R2、R3、R4、L、Q、X、Y、Z与-如上述定义,其具有组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制酵素活性;并包括其制法、含其的组合物及其作为医药的用途。
Description
本发明涉及有关一种具有组织蛋白去乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制酵素活性的化合物。并进一步涉及其制法、含其的组合物、及其于活体内及活体外抑制HDAC的用途及其作为医药的用途,例如:作为抑制增生性病症(如:癌症与牛皮癣)的医药的用途。
所有真核生物细胞中,染色质中的基因组DNA与组织蛋白结合形成核小体。各核小体分别由各组织蛋白质H2A、H2B、H3与H4的两套复本形成的蛋白质八聚体组成。DNA环绕此蛋白质核心,以组织蛋白的碱性氨基酸与DNA的带负电价磷酸根交互作用。此等组织蛋白核心最常见的转译后修饰作用为已保留的高碱性N-末端离氨酸残基的ε-氨基的可逆性乙酰化作用。由组织蛋白乙酰基转化酶(群)与本文中称为“HDAC”的组织蛋白去乙酰酶(群)之间竞争形成的动态平衡建立组织蛋白乙酰化作用的稳定状态。组织蛋白乙酰化作用与去乙酰化作用长久以来即与转录控制相关。近来所选殖出编码不同组织蛋白乙酰基转化酶及组织蛋白去乙酰酶的基因提供为组织蛋白乙酰化作用与转录控制之间关系的可能解释。组织蛋白的可逆性乙酰化作用可造成染色质再造及作为基因转录的控制机转。通常,组织蛋白的过度乙酰化作用会促使基因表现,而组织蛋白去乙酰化作用则与转录抑制有相关性。已知组织蛋白乙酰基转化酶具有作为转录共活化剂的作用,而组织蛋白去乙酰酶则属于转录抑制途径。
组织蛋白乙酰化与去乙酰化之间的动态平衡关系正常细胞生长所必需。抑制组织蛋白去乙酰酶则可造成细胞循环停止、细胞分化、细胞凋亡及使转形的表型逆转。因此,HDAC抑制剂在治疗细胞增生疾病或病症上具有极大医疗潜力(Marks等人,Nature Reviews:Cancer1:194-202,2001)。
有关组织蛋白去乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂研究显示,此等酵素的确在细胞增生及分化上扮演重要角色。抑制剂曲古柳菌素A(TrichostatinA)(TSA)造成G1与G2期的细胞循环停止,使不同细胞株的已转形表型反转,并诱发弗瑞德(Friend)白血病细胞及其他细胞分化。已有文献指出,TSA(与辛二酰基替苯胺异羟肟酸SAHA)在小白鼠体内,可制抑细胞生长,诱发末端分化,及防止肿瘤形成(Finnin等人,Nature,401:188-193,1999)。
也有文献指出,曲古柳菌素A适用于治疗纤维变性例如:肝纤维变性与肝硬化(Greets等人,1998年3月11日公告的欧洲专利申请案EP 0 827 742)。
2001年5月31日公告的专利申请案WO 01/38322特别揭示通式Cy-L1-Ar-Y1-C(O)-NH-Z的其他组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂,并提供治疗细胞增生疾病与病症的组合物与方法。
2001年9月27日公告的专利申请案WO 01/70675揭示如式Cy2-Cy1-X-Y1-W的组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂,并进一步提供治疗细胞增生疾病与病症的组合物与方法。
所要解决的问题为提供具有高酵素活性的组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂,也需具备有利性质,如:细胞活性及提高的生物利用率,最好提高口服的生物利用率,且副作用很小或没有。
本发明新颖化合物可解决上述问题。本化合物的结构式不同于现有技术。
本发明化合物展现优越的活体外组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制酵素活性。本化合物在细胞活性上具有有利性质,且针对抑制G1与G2两个检查点的细胞循环发展具有专一性质(p21诱发能力)。本发明化合物具有良好代谢安定性及高度生体可用率,更特定而言,其展现口服生体可用性。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物
其N-氧化物型、其医药上可接受的加成盐及立体化学异构体,其中
n为0、1、2或3,且当n为0时,则为一直接键合;
t为0、1、2、3或4,且当t为0时,则为一直接键合;
各Q为氮或-C≤;
各X为氮或-C≤;
各Y为氮或-C≤;
各Z为氮或-CH<;
R1为-C(O)NR7R8、-NHC(O)R9、-C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)N(OH)R9、-NR10C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)C=N(OH)R9或另一个Zn-螯合基,
其中R7与R8分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、氨基C1-6烷基或氨芳基;
R9分别独立选自:氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷羰基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基吡嗪基、吡啶酮、吡咯啶酮或甲基咪唑基;
R10分别独立选自:氢或C1-6烷基;
R2为氢、卤基、羟基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基、羟氨基或萘磺酰基吡嗪基;
-L-为一直接键合的化学键或选自下列的二价基团:C1-6烷二基、C1-6烷氧基、氨基、羰基或氨羰基;
各R3分别独立为氢原子,其中一个氢原子可被选自芳基的取代基置换;
R4为氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨羰基、羟羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、氨羰基C1-6烷基、羟羰基C1-6烷基、羟氨羰基、C1-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;为选自下列的基团
其中各s分别为0、1、2、3、4或5;
各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;由芳基与C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;氰基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基;羟基C1-6烷氨基;氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨羰基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基;(芳基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;芳基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基氨基;芳氧基;芳氧基C1-6烷基;芳基C2-6烯二基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;
氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;
二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氰基;硫苯基;
被下列基团取代的硫苯基:二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基、C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-6烷基、吗啉基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、或二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
呋喃基;被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;噁唑基;被芳基与C1-6烷基取代的噁唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯啶基;吡咯基;六氢吡啶基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;吗啉基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基C1-6烷基;吗啉基C1-6烷氨基;吗啉基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;哌嗪基C1-6烷基;萘磺酰基哌嗪基;萘磺酰基六氢哌嗪;萘磺酰基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氨基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基磺酰基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基六氢哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-6烷基;六氢吡啶基氨基C1-6烷氨基;六氢吡啶基氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;(C1-6烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基;
(C1-6烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;
羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;
羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;
(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
羟基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
吡咯啶基C1-6烷基;吡咯啶基C1-6烷氧基;吡唑基;硫吡唑基;被选自C1-6烷基或三卤C1-6烷基中两个取代基取代的吡唑基;
吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;喹啉基;吲哚基;苯基;被分别独立选自下列1、2或3个取代基取代的苯基;卤基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氧羰基、氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨羰基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、氰基、六氢吡啶基C1-4烷氧基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷氧基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基六氢吡啶基、C1-4烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、呋喃基、被-CH=CH-CH=CH-取代的呋喃基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基、吗啉基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷基、吗啉基C1-4烷氨基、吗啉基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氨基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氨基C1-6烷基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、六氢吡啶基氨基C1-4烷氨基、六氢吡啶基氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
(C1-4烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基、
(C1-4烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
吡啶基C1-4烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷氨基、羟基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基、氨基噻二唑基、
氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、或硫苯基C1-4烷氨基;
各R5与R6可置于氮上替代氢;
上述芳基为苯基,或为被一个或多个分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基或羟羰基的取代基取代的苯基。
“组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂”是指可与组织蛋白去乙酰酶交互作用且可抑制其活性,更特定言之抑制其酵素活性的化合物。抑制组织蛋白去乙酰酶酵素活性意指降低组织蛋白去乙酰酶脱除组织蛋白的乙酰基的能力。较佳者,此等抑制作用为专一性,亦即组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂降低组织蛋白去乙酰酶脱除组织蛋白的乙酰基的能力时所需浓度低于该抑制剂为了产生一些其他为相关生物效应时所需浓度。
如上文与下文中定义所使用的卤基通指氟、氯、溴与碘;C1-4烷基指含有1至4个碳原子的直链与分支链饱和烃基,如,例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、1-甲基乙基、2-甲基丙基,等等;C1-6烷基包括C1-4烷基及含有5至6个碳原子的较高碳数同系物,如,例如:戊基、2-甲基-丁基、己基、2-甲基戊基,等等;C1-6烷二基指含有1至6个碳原子的二价直链与分支链饱和烃基,如,例如:亚甲基、1,2-乙二基、1,3-丙二基、1,4-丁二基、1,5-戊二基、1,6-己二基,及其分支的异构体,如:2-甲基戊二基、3-甲基戊二基、2,2-二甲基丁二基、2,3-二甲基丁二基,等等;三卤C1-6烷基指含有三个相同或相异卤基取代基的C1-6烷基,例如:三氟甲基;C2-6烯二基指含有一个双键及2至6个碳原子的二价直链与分支链烃基,如,例如:乙烯二基、2-丙烯二基、3-丁烯二基、2-戊烯二基、3-戊烯二基、3-甲基-2-丁烯二基,等等;氨芳基指经氨基取代的芳基;及C3-10环烷基包括含有3至10个碳原子的环状烃基,如:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基、等等。
“另一个Zn-螯合剂”指可与Zn-离子交互作用的基团,其可出现在酵素结合位置。
医药上可接受的加成盐包括医药上可接受的酸加成盐及医药上可接受的碱加成盐。如上述的医药上可接受的酸加成盐包括式(I)化合物可形成的具医疗活性的无毒性酸加成盐型。具有碱性性质的式(I)化合物经过适当酸处理后,可转化成其医药上可接近的酸加成盐。适当的酸包括例如:无机酸类,如:氢卤酸,例如:盐酸或氢溴酸;硫酸;硝酸;磷酸,等等酸类;有机酸类如,例如:乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、羟乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸(亦即丁二酸)、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环己胺磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基-水杨酸、双羟萘酸,等等酸类。
具有酸性性质的式(I)化合物可经过适当有机或无机碱处理后,转化成其医药上可接受的碱加成盐。适当的碱式盐包括例如:铵盐、碱金属与碱土金属盐,例如:锂、钠、钾、镁、钙盐等等,与有机碱形成的盐例如:苄星青霉素G、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、哈胺盐类,及与氨基酸(如,例如:精氨酸、赖氨酸),等等形成的盐类。
“酸或碱加成盐”一词也包括式(I)化合物可形成的水合物及溶剂加成型。此等型式的实施例为例如:水合物与醇化物,等等。
本文所采用“式(I)化合物的立体化学异构体”指由式(I)化合物的相同原子组成相同键合顺序但具有无法交换的不同立体结构的所有可能化合物。除非另有说明,否则化合物的化学式包括该化合物可能出现的所有可能立体化学异构体的混合物。该混合物可包含该化合物基本分子结构的所有非对映异构体与/或对映异构体。呈纯型或其混合物的式(I)化合物的所有立体化学异构体均涵括在本发明范围内。
式(I)化合物的N-氧化物型包括彼等式(I)中一个或数个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物的化合物,特定言之,彼等式中一个或多个六氢吡啶基、哌嗪基或哒嗪基的氮为N-氧化的N-氧化物。
有些式(I)化合物也可呈其互变异构体。此等型式虽然未出现在上式中,但也包括在本发明范围内。
本文中若使用“式(I)化合物”一词时,也包括医药上可接受的加成盐及所有立体异构体。
本文所采用“组织蛋白去乙酰酶”与“HDAC”意指可自组织蛋白的N-末端离氨酸残基的ε-氨基上脱除乙酰基的酵素族群中的任一种。除非本文中另有说明,否则“组织蛋白”一词意指来自任何物种的任何组织蛋白的蛋白质,包括H1、H2A、H2B、H3、H4与H5。人类HDAC蛋白质或基因产物包括(但不限于):HDAC-1、HDAC-2、HDAC-3、HDAC-4、HDAC-5、HDAC-6、HDAC-7、HDAC-8、HDAC-9与HDAC-10。组织蛋白去乙酰酶亦可衍生自原虫或真菌来源。
第一类值得注意的化合物包括彼等式(I)中符合下列一项或多项限制的化合物:
a)n为1或2;
b)t为0、1、2或4;
c)各Q为-C≤;
d)R1为-C(O)NH(OH);
e)R2为氢或硝基;
f)-L-为一直接键合或选自C1-6烷二基的二价基团;
g)R4为氢;
为选自:(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-11)、(a-18)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-47)、51)的基团;
i)各s分别独立为0、1、2或4;
j)各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;卤基;三卤C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基;由芳基与C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;苯并呋喃基;萘磺酰基;由芳氧基取代的吡啶基;苯基;或由选自羟基C1-4烷基或吗啉基C1-4烷基中一个取代基取代的苯基。
第二类值得注意的化合物包括彼等式(I)中符合下列一项或多项限制的化合物:
a)n为1;
b)t为0、1或2;
c)各Q为-C≤;
d)各X为氮;
e)各Y为氮;
f)R1为-C(O)NH(OH);
g)R2为氢;
h)-L-为一直接键合;
i)各R3分别独立代表氢原子;
j)R4为氢;
为选自(a-6)、(a-11)、(a-20)、(a-47)或(a-51)的基团;
l);各s分别独立为0、1或4;
m)各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;萘磺酰基;或经羟基C1-4烷基或吗啉基C1-4烷基取代的苯基。
第三类值得注意的化合物包括彼等式(I)中符合下列一项或多项限制的化合物:
a)R1为-C(O)NH(OH);
d)-L-为一直接键合。
第四类值得注意的化合物包括彼等式(I)中符合下列一项或多项限制的化合物:
a)t为1、2、3或4;
b)R1为-C(O)NR7R8、-C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)N(OH)R9、-NR10C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)C=N(OH)R9或另一个Zn-螯合基,其中R7与R8分别独立选自:氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基或氨基C1-6烷基;
c)R2为氢、卤基、羟基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基;
d)-L-为一直接键合或选自下列的二价基团:C1-6烷二基、C1-6烷二基氧、氨基或羰基;
e)R4为氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基、或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
为选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-44)、(a-45)、(a-46)、(a-47)、(a-48)与(a-51);
g)各s分别为0、1、2、3或4;
h)R5为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;硫苯基;呋喃基、被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;噁唑基;被芳基与C1-6烷基取代的噁唑基C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯啶基;吡咯基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基;吡唑基;被选自C1-6烷基或三卤C1-6烷基中一或两个取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚基;苯基;或经分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基;
i)R6为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;吡啶基;苯基;或被分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基。
另一类较佳化合物包括彼等式(I)化合物,式中t为1、2、3或4;
R1为-C(O)NR7R8、-C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)N(OH)R9、-NR10C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)C=N(OH)R9或另一个Zn-螯合基,其中R7与R8分别独立选自:氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基或氨基C1-6烷基;
R2为氢、卤基、羟基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基;
-L-为一直接键合或选自下列的二价基团:C1-6烷二基、C1-6烷二基氧、氨基或羰基;
R4为氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基、或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;为选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-44)、(a-45)、(a-46)、(a-47)、(a-48)与(a-51);
各s分别为0、1、2、3或4;
R5为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;硫苯基;呋喃基、被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;噁唑基;被芳基与C1-6烷基取代的 唑基C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯啶基;吡咯基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基;吡唑基;被选自C1-6烷基或三卤C1-6烷基中一或两个取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚基;苯基;或经分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基;
R6为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;吡啶基;苯基;或经分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基。
另一类较佳化合物为彼等式(I)化合物,其中n为1或2;t为0、1、2或4;各Q为-C≤;R1为-C(O)NH(OH);R2为氢或硝基;-L-为一直接键合或选自C1-6烷二基的二价基团;R4为氢;为选自:(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-11)、(a-18)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-47)、或(a-51)的基团;各s分别为0、1、2或4;且各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;卤基;三卤C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基;被芳基与C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;苯并呋喃基;萘磺酰基;被芳氧基取代的吡啶基;苯基;或被选自羟基C1-4烷基或吗啉基C1-4烷基中一个取代基取代的苯基。
另一类更优选化合物为彼等式(I)化合物,其中n为1;t为0或1;各Q为-C≤;各X为氮;各Y为氮;R1为-C(O)NH(OH);R2为氢;-L-为一直接键合;各R3分别独立代表氢原子;R4为氢;为选自::(a-6)、(a-11)、(a-20)、(a-47)或(a-51)的基团;各s分别为0、1或4;且各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;萘磺酰基;或被羟基C1-4烷基或吗啉基C1-4烷基取代的芳基。
最优选化合物为:No.3、No.4、No.8、No.5、No.7、No.6与No.9的化合物。
式(I)化合物及其医药上可接受的盐与N-氧化物及立体化学异构体可按一般方式制备。其一般合成途径包括例如:
a)式(I)中R1为-C(O)NH(OH)的异羟肟酸(称为式(I-a)化合物)的制法可由式(II)中间体与适当酸,如,例如:三氟乙酸反应。该反应是在适当溶剂中进行,如,例如:甲醇。
b)式(II)中间体的制法可由式(III)中间体与式(IV)中间体于适当试剂的存在下反应,如:N′-(乙基碳化亚胺酰基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐(EDC)与1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(HOBT)。该反应可于合适溶剂中进行,如:DCM与THF的混合物。
c)式(III)中间体的制法可由式(V)中间体与适当碱(如:NaOH),于合适溶剂的存在下反应,如:乙醇。
式(I)化合物亦可使用固相合成技术制备。通常,固相合成法涉及由中间体于合成法中与聚合物载体反应。此由聚合物承载的中间体可再进行许多合成步骤。每一步骤后,过滤树脂,以多种不同溶剂洗涤数次,以排除杂质。每一步骤的树脂可以分开与下一个步骤中的不同中间体反应,以合成大量化合物。制程中最后一个步骤之后,以试剂处理树脂或加工裂解树脂上的样本。固相化学中所使用技术的更详细的说明参见例如:“The Combinatorial Index”(B.Bunin AcademicPress)及Novabiochem′s 1999 Catalogue & Peptide SynthesisHandbook(瑞士Novabiochem AG),其内容已以引用的方式并入本文中。
式(I)化合物及一些中间体的结构式可具有至少一个立体中心。此立体中心可呈R或S构型。
依上述制法制备的式(I)化合物通常为对映异构体的外消旋混合物,其可依相关技术已知的解析法分离。式(I)的外消旋化合物可通过与合适的对手性酸反应而转化成相应的非对映异构体的盐形式。该非对映异构体盐型再由例如:选择性或分段式结晶法分离,使用碱释出对映异构体。另一种分离式(I)化合物的对映异构体的方法涉及使用对手性固相进行液相层析。若该反应为立体专一性反应时,该纯立体化学异构体亦可衍生自适当起始物的相应纯立体化学异构体。若需要专一性立体异构体时,最好以立体专一性制法合成该化合物。此等方法最好使用纯对映异构体起始物。
式(I)化合物、其医药上可接受的酸加成盐及立体异构体具有抑制组织蛋白去乙酰酶(HDAC)效果的有价值的医药性质。
本发明提供一种抑制细胞(包括转形细胞)异常生长的方法,其是给予有效量的本发明化合物。细胞的异常生长指细胞不依靠正常的调节机制生长(亦即丧失接触抑制作用)。其包括直接造成细胞生长停止、末端分化及/或癌症细胞的细胞凋亡,及间接抑制肿瘤的新血管形成两种作法来抑制肿瘤生长。
本发明亦提供一种抑制肿瘤生长的方法,其系对有此需要的个体例如:哺乳动物(更特定言之人类)给予有效量的本发明化合物。特定言之,本发明提供一种抑制肿瘤生长的方法,其系给予有效量的本发明化合物。可受抑制的肿瘤实施例为(但不限于):肺癌(腺癌瘤,包括非小细胞肺癌)、胰癌(例如:胰癌瘤,如,外分泌胰癌瘤)、结肠癌(例如:结肠直肠癌瘤,如,例如:结肠腺癌瘤与结肠腺瘤)、摄获腺癌包括前进式疾病、类淋巴球的造血性肿瘤(例如:急性淋巴球性白血球、B-细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤(Burkitt′s lymphoma))、骨髓性白血病(例如:急性骨髓性白血病(AML))、甲状腺滤泡癌、脊髓发育不良症候群(MDS)、间质性肿瘤(例如:纤维肉瘤与横纹肌肉瘤)、黑色素瘤、恶性畸胎瘤、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、良性皮肤肿瘤(例如:角化棘皮瘤)、乳癌瘤(例如:前进式乳癌)、肾癌瘤、卵巢癌瘤、膀胱癌瘤、与上皮癌瘤。
根据本发明化合物可用于其他医疗目的,例如:
a)在治疗癌症的肿瘤放射法之前、期间或之后投与根据本发明化合物,使肿瘤对放射疗法产生敏化作用;
b)治疗关节病变与骨病变病症,如:类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、幼年型关节炎、痛风、多关节炎、干癣性关节炎、僵直性脊柱炎与全身性红斑狼疮;
c)抑制平滑肌细胞增生,包括血管增生性病变、动脉粥样硬化及术后再狭窄;
d)治疗炎症与皮肤病,如:溃疡性结肠炎、克隆氏症、过敏性鼻炎、移植物对抗宿主疾病、结膜炎、气喘、ARDS、贝希特氏症(Behcetsdisease)、移植排斥、荨麻疹、过敏性皮肤炎、局部性脱发、硬皮症、疹病、湿疹、皮肌炎、痤疮、糖尿病、全身性红斑狼疮、川崎氏症、多发性硬化、肺气肿、囊性纤维变性与慢性支气管炎;
e)治疗子宫内膜异位症、子宫纤维瘤、功能障碍性子宫出血及子宫内膜增生;
f)治疗眼睛血管形成,包括影响视网膜与脉络膜血管的血管病变;
g)治疗心功能障碍;
h)抑制免疫压抑性病症,如:治疗HIV感染;
i)治疗肾功能障碍;
j)压抑内分泌病变;
k)抑制生糖作用异常的功能障碍;
l)治疗神经病变,例如:帕金森氏症或造成认知病变的神经病变,例如:阿兹海默氏症或与聚谷酰胺有关的神经性疾病;
m)抑制神经肌肉病变,例如:肌萎缩性侧索硬化;
n)治疗脊柱肌肉萎缩;
o)治疗其他可因加强基因表现而治疗的其他病变;
p)加强基因疗法。
因此,本发明揭示以式(I)化合物作为医药的用途及以式(I)化合物制造医药供治疗上述一种或多种病症的用途。
式(I)化合物、其医药上可接受的酸加成盐及立体异构体基于其可用于生物检体中,检测或判别HDAC,而具有有价值的诊断性质,其包括检测或测定有标记的化合物与HDAC之间所形成的错合物。
该检测或判别法可使用标记如:放射性同位素、酵素、荧光物质、发光物质,等等的标记试剂的化合物。放射性同位素实例包括125I、131I、3H与14C。酵素的检测法通常与适当受质共轭后,再催化可检测的反应。其实例包括例如:β-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化酶与苹果酸脱氢酶,以辣根过氧化酶较佳。发光物质包括例如:鲁米诺(luminol)及鲁米诺衍生物、荧光素、多管水母素(aequorin)与荧光素酶。
生物样本的定义为体组织或体液。体液实例为脑脊髓液、血液、血浆、血清、尿液、痰、唾液,等等。
就其实用的医药性质而言,本化合物可制成不同给药形式。
为了制备本发明的医药组合物,使用有效量的碱或酸加成盐型特定化合物作为活性成分,与医药上可接受的载剂均匀混合,该载剂可呈多种不同形式,依赖所需给药制剂型式而定。此等医药组合物最好呈适合例如:经口、直肠、经皮肤给药或非经肠式注射用的单位剂型。例如:制备口服剂型组合物时,任何常用的医药介质均可使用,如,例如:水、甘醇、油类、醇类,等等,可用于制备口服用液体制剂,如:悬浮液、糖浆、酏剂与溶液;或固态载剂如:淀粉、糖类、高岭土、润滑剂、结合剂、崩解剂,等等,可用于制备散剂、丸剂、胶囊、与片剂。
由于片剂与胶囊方便给药,因此代表最有利的口服单位剂型,此时当然使用固态医药载剂。非经肠式组合物中的载剂通常包括无菌水,至少占绝大部分,但亦可包含其他成份,例如:有助于溶解的成份。例如:可制备注射液,其中载剂则包括生理食盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液或生理食盐水与葡萄糖溶液的混合物。亦可制备注射用悬浮液,此时则可使用适当液态载剂、悬浮剂,等等。适合经皮肤给药的组合物中,载剂可视需要包含渗透加强剂及/或合适湿化剂,可视需要与任何性质的少量合适添加物组合,该添加物不可对皮肤引起显著的不良效应。此等添加物可促进给药至皮肤及/或可能有助于制备所需组合物。此等组合物可依多种方法给药,例如:呈透皮式贴布、滴剂、或油膏。
上述医药组合物调配形成方便给药且剂量均一的单位剂型是特别有利的。本说明书与申请专利范围所使用的单位剂型指物理性分离的单位剂量,各单位包含经计算可产生所需医疗效果的预定量活性成分,与所需的医药载剂组合。此等单位剂型实例为片剂(包括有画线或有包衣的片剂)、胶囊、丸剂、散剂包、扁囊片、注射用溶液或悬浮液、茶匙剂、汤匙剂,等等,及其多重剂量组合。
熟悉相关技术的人士很容易即可由下文出示的试验结果决定有效量。通常,医疗有效量为每公斤体重0.005毫克至100毫克,特定而言的每公斤体重0.005毫克至10毫克。可以在一天内将所需剂量分成2、3、4或更多个小剂量。在适当间隔时间下给药。该小剂量可调配成单位剂型,例如:每单位剂型包含0.5至500毫克,特定而言的10至500毫克活性成分。
本发明另一方面,提出一种含HDAC-抑制剂与另一种抗癌剂的组合,尤其用为医药,更明确而言,用于治疗癌症或相关疾病。
治疗上述病症时,本发明化合物宜用于与一种或多种其他医药剂组合,更特定言之,与其他抗癌剂组合。抗癌剂的实施例为:
-铂配位化合物,例如:顺氯铵铂(cisplatin)、卡铂(carboplatin)或草酸铂(oxalyplatin);
-紫杉烷化合物,例如:紫杉醇(paclitaxel)或多西他奇(docetaxel);
-拓朴异构酶I抑制剂,如:喜树碱化合物,例如:依立替康(irinotecan)或托普特康(topotecan);
-拓朴异构酶II抑制剂,如:抗肿瘤鬼臼毒素衍生物,例如:抑托泊苷(etoposide)或登尼泊苷(teniposide);
-抗肿瘤长春花植物碱,例如:长春花碱、长春新碱或长春瑞宾(vinorelbine);
-抗肿瘤核苷衍生物,例如:5-氟尿嘧啶、真希嗒本(gemcitabine)或卡希嗒本(capecitabine);
-烷化剂,如:氮芥或亚硝基脲,例如:环磷酰胺、苯丁酸氮芥、卡莫司汀(carmustin)或洛莫司汀(lomustin);
-抗肿瘤蒽环素衍生物,例如:道诺红菌素(daunorubicin)、道索红菌素(doxorubicin)、依道红菌素(idarubicin)或米托蒽昆(mitoxantrone);
-HER2抗体,例如:嗒兹美布(trastuzumab);
-雌激素受体拮抗剂或选择性雌激素受体调控剂,例如:嗒莫希芬(tamoxifen)、妥洛米芬(toremifene)、特洛希芬(droloxifene)、法洛得斯(faslodex)或拉洛希芬(raloxifene);
-芳构酶抑制剂,如抑美斯坦(exemestane)、安斯特唑(anastrozole)、乐特唑(letrazole)与弗洛唑(vorozole);
-分化剂,如:类视黄素、维生素D与视黄酸代谢阻断剂(RAMBA),例如:异维甲酸(accutane);
-DNA甲基转化酶抑制剂,例如:阿扎胞苷(azacytidine);
-激酶抑制剂,例如:黄吡哚(flavoperidol)、抑麻特本(imatinib)甲磺酸盐或吉菲特本(gefitinib);
-法呢基转化酶抑制剂;或
-其他HDAC抑制剂。
“铂配位化合物”一词在本文中指可抑制任何肿瘤细胞生长的铂配位化合物,其可提供离子形式的铂。
“紫杉烷化合物”一词指具有紫杉烷环系且与某些紫杉类(Taxus)树木的萃出物相关或其所衍生的化合物。
“拓朴异构酶抑制剂”一词系指可于真核生物细胞中改变DNA拓朴结构的酵素。其对细胞重要功能及细胞增生具有重要性。真核生物细胞中有两类拓朴异构酶,亦即I型与II型。拓朴异构酶I为一种分子量约100,000的单体酵素。该酵素会结合DNA,引进一个暂时性单链裂口,打开双螺旋(或使之解开),然后先使裂口封合后,再自DAN链上解离。拓朴异构酶II的作用机制类似,其涉及引进DNA链裂口或形成游离基。
“喜树碱化合物”系指与喜树碱母化合物有关或其所衍生的化合物,其系衍生自中国树种Camptothecin acuminata及印度树种Nothapodytes foetida的不可溶于水的植物碱。
“鬼臼毒素化合物”一词指与自曼陀罗花(mandrake)植物萃出的鬼臼毒素母体化合物有关或其所衍生的化合物。
“抗肿瘤长春花植物碱”一词指与自长春花(Vinca rosea)植物的萃出物有关或其所衍生的化合物。
“烷化剂”一词包括一类共同特色为在生理条件下有能力提供烷基给具有生物活性的大分子(如:DNA)的化学剂。大多数的较重要制剂如:氮芥及亚硝基脲,活性烷化部分基团系于活体内复杂的降解反应(其中有些为酵素反应)的后产生。烷化剂的最重要医药作用为特别在DNA合成与细胞分裂过程中干扰与细胞增生有关的基本机制。烷化剂在快速增生组织中干扰DNA功能与整合性的能力可作为其医疗用途及其多种毒性的基础。
“抗肿瘤蒽环素衍生物”一词包括得自波赛链球菌(Strep.peuticusvar.caesius)的抗生素及其衍生物,其特征在于具有一个四环素结构,利用糖苷链连接一种罕见糖:氨基糖柔胺(daunosamine)。
已知原发性乳癌瘤中人类上皮生长因子受体2蛋白质(HER2)的扩增作用与某些患者的临床预后结果不佳有相关性。曲妥单抗(trastuzumab)为一种高度纯化的重组DNA-衍生的拟人化单株IgG1-k抗体,其与HER2受体的细胞外功能部位具有高度专一结合性。
许多乳癌有雌激素受体,且此等肿瘤的生长可受到雌激素刺激。“雌激素受体拮抗剂”及“选择性雌激素受体调控剂”系指与雌激素受体(ER)结合的雌二醇的竞争性抑制剂。选择性雌激素受体调控剂与ER结合时,会诱发受体的三度空间形状改变,抑制其与DNA上雌激素反应元素(ERE)的结合。
停经后妇女的循环雌激素主要来源为肾上腺与卵巢雄激素(雄烯二醇与睾固酮)经由周边组织中芳构酶酵素转化成雌激素(雌固酮与雌二醇)。经由抑制芳构酶或去活化作用消耗雌激素的作法可有效且选择性治疗停经后某些与激素相关的乳癌患者。
“抗雌激素剂”一词不仅包括雌激素受体拮抗剂与选择性雌激素受体调控剂,而且包括如上述芳构酶抑制剂。
“分化剂”一词包括可依不同方式抑制细胞增生及诱发分化的化合物。已知维生素D与类视黄素在调节多种正常及恶性细胞型态的生长与分化上扮演重要角色。视黄酸代谢作用阻断剂(RAMBA′s)借由抑制细胞色素P450-所媒介的视黄酸分解代谢作用而提高内因性视黄酸含量。
DNA的甲基化反应变化为人体赘生瘤最常见的异常现象。特定基因的发动子中过度甲基化通常与所涉及的基因失去活性有关。“DNA甲基转化酶抑制剂”一词指透过DNA甲基转化酶的医药抑制作用发挥作用及使肿瘤抑制基团表现再度活化的化合物。
“激酶抑制剂”一词包括涉及细胞循环发展及计划性细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)的激酶的强力抑制剂。
“法呢基转化酶抑制剂”一词指其设计用于防止Ras及其他细胞内蛋白质的法呢基化反应的化合物。已知其可影响恶性细胞增生与存活。
“其他HDAC抑制剂”一词包括(但不限于):
-短链脂肪酸,例如:丁酸酯、4-苯基丁酸酯或2-丙基戊酸;
-异羟肟酸,例如:辛二酰基替苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)、双芳基异羟肟酸酯A-161906、双环芳基-N-羟基羧酰胺、吡咯沙敏(pyroxamide)、CG-1521、PDX-101、磺酰胺异羟肟酸、LAQ-824、曲古抑菌素A(trichostatin A)(TSA)、欧色弗丁(oxamflatin)、史克嗒(scriptaid)、间羧基肉桂酸双异羟肟酸或曲匹地尔(trapoxin)-异羟肟酸类似物;
-环状四肽,例如:曲匹地尔、阿狄辛(apidicin)或缩酚酸肽(depsipeptide);
-苯酰胺,例如:MS-275或CI-994,或
-狄普特辛(depudecin)。
根据本发明治疗癌症的化合物可配合放射疗法,依上述给药患者。放射疗法指离子线照射,特定言之指珈玛射线,尤指由直线加速器发射者或由现在常用的放射核种发射者。使用放射该种照射肿瘤的方法可内服或外用。
本发明亦有关抗癌剂与根据本发明HDAC抑制剂的根据本发明的组合。
本发明亦有关用于例如:抑制肿瘤细胞生长的医疗法上的根据本发明的组合。
本发明亦有关用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长上的根据本发明的组合。
本发明亦有关一种于人体中抑制肿瘤细胞生长的方法,其包括对该个体给予有效量的根据本发明的组合。
本发明亦提供一种抑制异常细胞(包括转形细胞)生长的方法,其系给予有效量的根据本发明的组合。
其他医药剂与HDAC抑制剂可同时(例如:分开或呈单一组合物)或按任何次序给药。后项作法中,两种化合物将在同一时期给药,其用量与方式应足以确保达成有利或增效的效用。具了解,该组合中各成分的较佳给药法与给药顺序及个别剂量与疗程将依所给予特定的其他医药剂及HDAC抑制剂、其给药途径、所治疗的特定肿瘤及所治疗的特定宿主而定。最佳给药方法及顺序及剂量与疗程很容易由熟悉相关技术的人士使用常用方法,依据本文中所示的资料即可决定。
铂配位化合物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用1至500毫克(mg/m2),例如:50至400mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的顺氯铵铂(cisplatin)剂量为约75mg/m2,卡铂(carboplatin)剂量为约300mg/m2。
紫杉烷化合物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用50至400毫克(mg/m2),例如:75至250mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的紫杉醇(paclitaxel)剂量为约175至250mg/m2,及多西他奇(docetaxel)的剂量为约75至150mg/m2。
喜树碱化合物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用0.1至400毫克(mg/m2),例如:1至300mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的依立替康(irinotecan)剂量为约100至350mg/m2,托普特康(topotecan)剂量为约1至2mg/m2。
抗肿瘤鬼臼毒素衍生物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用30至300毫克(mg/m2),例如:50至250mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的抑托泊苷(etoposide)剂量为约35至100mg/m2,鬼臼噻吩甙(teniposide)剂量为约50至250mg/m2。
抗肿瘤长春花植物碱的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用2至30毫克(mg/m2),特定言之,每个疗程的长春花碱剂量为约3至12mg/m2,长春新碱剂量为约1至2mg/m2,长春瑞宾(vinorelbine)剂量为约10至30mg/m2。
抗肿瘤核苷衍生物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用200至2500毫克(mg/m2),例如:700至1500mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的5-FU剂量为200至500mg/m2,吉西他滨(gemcitabine)剂量为约800至1200mg/m2,卡培他滨(capecitabine)剂量为约1000至2500mg/m2。
烷化剂,如:氮芥或亚硝基脲的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用100至500毫克(mg/m2),例如:120至200mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的环磷酰胺剂量为约100至500mg/m2,苯丁酸氮芥剂量为约0.1至0.2mg/m2,卡莫司汀(carmustin)剂量为约150至200mg/m2,洛莫司汀(lomustin)剂量为约100至150mg/m2。
抗肿瘤蒽环素衍生物的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用10至75毫克(mg/m2),例如:15至60mg/m2,特定言之,每个疗程的柔红霉素(daunorubicin)剂量为约40至75mg/m2,阿霉素(daunorobicin)剂量为约25至45mg/m2,伊达比星(idarubicin)剂量为约10至15mg/m2。
曲妥单抗(trastuzumab)的合宜给药剂量为每平方米体表面积使用1至5毫克(mg/m2),特定言之,每个疗程剂量为2至4mg/m2。
抗雌激素剂的合宜给药剂量为每天使用约1至100毫克,依所使用的特定药剂及所治疗病症而定。它莫西芬(tamoxifen)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用两次5至50毫克,较佳为10至20毫克,持续治疗一段足够时间,以达到及维持医疗效果。妥洛米芬(toremifene)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用一次约60毫克,持续治疗一段足够时间,以达成及维持医疗效果。安斯特唑(anastrozole)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用一次约1毫克。特洛希芬(droloxifene)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用一次约20-100毫克。拉洛希芬(raloxifene)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用一次约60毫克。依西美坦(exemestane)的合宜口服剂量为一天服用一次约25毫克。
此等剂量可以每个疗程给药一次、两次或多次,可以每7、14、21或28天重复一次。
就其有用的医药性质而言,根据本发明的组合中的成分(亦即其他医药剂与HDAC抑制剂)可调配成各种不同给药用医药型式。各成分可于分开的医药组合物中分开调配,或于单一医药组合物中同时含有两种成分。
因此本发明亦有关包含其他医药剂与HDAC抑制剂及一种或多种医药用载剂的医药组合物。
本发明亦有关呈医药组合物型式的根据本发明的组合物,其包含抗癌剂与根据本发明HDAC抑制剂及一种或多种医药用载剂。
本发明亦有关以根据本发明的组合于制造抑制肿瘤细胞生长的医药组合物上的用途。
本发明亦有关一种产品,其包含HDAC抑制剂作为第一种活性成分,及包含抗癌剂作为第二种活性成分,形成组合制备,供同时、分开或顺序用于治疗癌症患者。
实验部分
下列实施例是供说明用。
下文中,“EDC”指N′-(乙基碳化亚酰基胺)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐,“DCM”指二氯甲烷,“DIEA”指二异丙基乙胺,“DIPE”指二异丙醚,“DMF”指二甲基甲酰胺,“EtOAc”指乙酸乙酯,“iPrOH”指异丙醇,“MeOH”指甲醇,“EtOH”指乙醇,“PyBrOP”指溴-三-吡咯啶基-鏻六氟磷酸盐,“TEA”指三乙胺,“TFA”指三氟乙酸及“THF”指四氢呋喃。
A.中间体的制法
实施例A1
a)取含六氢-1H-1,4-二吖呯(0.20mol)与1-氟-4-硝基-苯(0.10mol)的DCM(300ml)溶液于室温与氮蒙气下搅拌24小时。有黄色结晶沉淀。于滤器上收集沉淀,以醚洗涤,及干燥。残质(21.1g,87%)溶于水中,以3N NaOH溶液处理。此混合物经DCM(3×500ml)萃取,脱水(Na2SO4),过滤及减压排除溶剂,于室温下真空干燥16小时,产生18.3g六氢-1-(4-硝苯基)-1H-1,4-二吖呯(中间体1),熔点115-116℃。
b)搅拌添加二-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-二碳酸酯(0.090mol)的DCM(100ml)溶液至含中间体1(0.090mol)的DCM(200ml)冷却(冰浴)溶液中。有气体释出。CO2停止释出后,离开冰浴,后于室温下搅拌3小时。反应混合物经1N HCl溶液与水洗涤后,脱水。蒸发溶剂,产生20.5g(70%)六氢-4-(4-硝苯基)-1H-1,4-二吖呯1-羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(中间体2),熔点128-130℃。
c)分批添加(在20分钟期间)中间体2(0.047mol)至含肼单水合物(15ml)的甲醇(700ml)溶液与阮来镍(16.1g)回流混合物中。反应混合物搅拌及回流至黄色消失为止。混合物继续回流半小时。过滤排除触媒。蒸发溶剂,产生13.0g 4-(4-苯基)六氢-1H-1,4-二吖呯-1-羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(中间体3)。
d)取含中间体3(0.045mol)与(1-乙氧基亚乙基)-肼羧酸乙酯(0.090mol)于无溶剂下,于130℃的油浴中搅拌加热1小时。再过2小时后反应混合物冷却,添加2-丙醇(约100ml)研磨。过滤固体,干燥,产生14g固体。固体与醚研磨,过滤及干燥,产生13.0g(77%)1H-1,4-二吖呯-1-羧酸4-〔4-(1,5-二氢-3-甲基-5-氧代-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基〕六氢-1H-1,4-二吖呯-1-羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(中间体4),熔点238-240℃。
e)于Ar蒙气下反应。于室温下(利用针筒)添加1,1,1-三甲基-N-(三甲硅烷基)-硅烷胺钠盐(0.01mol,10ml,1M/THF)至含中间体4(0.01mol)的DMF(200ml)中。开始有钠盐固体形成。激烈搅拌,再加DMF(200ml)。于室温下缓缓添加含2-溴-丁烷(0.02mol)的DMF(100ml)溶液。反应混合物于室温下搅拌18小时。(以真空泵)排除DMF溶剂。加水至残质中,所得油状产物溶于醚(500ml)中。醚溶液浓缩,产生2.70g(此油状物质于静置时固化;产率62%),再经硅胶急骤管柱层析法纯化(洗脱液:1%(10%NH4OH/CH3OH)/CH2Cl2),产生0.55g 4-[4-[1,5-二氢-3-甲基-1-(1-甲基丙基)-5-氧代-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]苯基]六氢-1H-1,4-二吖平-1-羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(中间体5),熔点119-120℃。
f)添加中间体5(0.0014mol)至TFA的冷却溶液(5ml;冰浴)中30分钟。减压排除溶剂。加水,混合物经碳酸钾饱和。此混合物经乙酸乙酯(2×50ml)萃取,经硫酸钠脱水,过滤及排除溶剂,产生0.35g(65%)4-〔4-(六氢-1H-1,4-二吖平-1-基)苯基〕-2,4-二氢-5-甲基-2-(1-甲基丙基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(中间体6)。
g)取含中间体6(0.00076mol)、4-溴-苯甲酸甲酯(0.00304mol)、(1R)-〔1,1′-联萘〕-2,2′-二基-二〔二苯基膦〕(0.016g)、Pd2(bda)3(0.008g)与Cs2CO3(0.40g)的甲苯(10ml)混合物置入氩气下,手套式操作箱中加压管(含1小只磁铁搅拌棒)中。加压管上锁紧盖子,于120℃油浴中搅拌加热12小时。再加(1R)-〔1,1′-联萘〕-2,2′-二基-二〔二苯基膦〕(0.016g)、Pd2(bda)3(0.008g)与Cs2CO3(0.40g)。混合物于120℃油浴中加热24小时。反应混合物过滤排除无机固体物质,以约20ml CHCl3洗涤。滤液减压浓缩至干。残质经硅胶急骤管柱层析法纯化(洗脱液:NH4OH/CH3OH)/CH2Cl20.1/0.9/99)。合并所需溶离份,蒸发溶剂,于室温下真空干燥16小时,产生0.21g(60%)4-[4-[4-[1,5-二氢-3-甲基-1-(1-甲基丙基)-5-氧代-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]苯基]六氢-1H-1,4-二吖平-1-基]苯甲酸甲酯(中间体7),熔点152-153℃。
实施例A2
取含4-〔4-(苯甲基)-1-哌嗪基〕-苯甲酸(0.0145mol)、O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基胺(0.029mol)、N,N′-甲烷四基-双环己胺(0.0145mol)与1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.021mol)的DCM p.a.(200ml)混合物于室温下搅拌一个周末。反应混合物经水洗涤,脱水(MgSO4),过滤及蒸发溶剂。残质自EtOAc中再结晶,过滤及干燥,产生3.5g及另一份收量:2.0g,总产量5.5g(95%)4-〔4-(苯甲基)-1-哌嗪基〕-N-〔(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-氧〕-苯酰胺(中间体8)。
实施例A3
a)中间体9的制法
逐渐添加含1-(苯甲基)哌嗪(0.068mol)的乙腈p.a.(135ml)溶液至含碳酸钾(0.18mol)与2-(甲磺酰基)-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯(0.082mol)的乙腈p.a.(135ml)溶液中,反应混合物于室温下搅拌45分钟。然后,反应混合物静置一夜,添加DCM(400ml)。加水(300ml),分离有机相,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。残质(28g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH 95/5)。收集纯溶离份,蒸发溶剂。残质自乙腈中结晶,过滤,真空干燥,产生15.1g中间体9。
b)中间体10的制法
于50℃下,使含中间体9(0.03mol)的EtOH(250ml)混合物使用10%Pd/C(2g)为触媒进行氢化。吸收H2(1当量)后,滤出触媒,滤液蒸发。残质经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/(MeOH/NH3)90/10)。收集产物溶离份,蒸发溶剂,产生6.8g(>96%)中间体10。
c)中间体11的制法
添加四(乙醇)钛(0.0029mol)至含中间体10(0.0022mol)与4-氧代-1-六氢吡啶羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(0.0027mol)的1,2-二氯乙烷(6ml)混合物中。混合物于50℃下搅拌18小时后,冷却至室温。分批添加NaBH(OAc)3(0.0029mol)。混合物于室温下搅拌2小时。加水。经DCM萃取,经寅式盐过滤。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂至干。残质(1.1g)自乙醚/DIPE中结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,产生0.49g(51%)中间体11。
d)中间体12的制法
取含中间体11(0.0011mol)的HCl/iPrOH(5ml)混合物于50℃下搅拌1小时后,冷却至室温。滤出沉淀,以EtOH及乙醚依序洗涤及干燥,产生0.38g(94%)中间体12(HCl盐)。
e)中间体13的制法
于5℃下,添加含2-萘磺酰氯(0.0011mol)的DCM(1ml)溶液至N2气流下,含中间体12(0.001mol)与TEA(0.0032mol)的DCM(4ml)溶液中。混合物于室温下搅拌一夜。添加10%碳酸钾。混合物经DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂至干,残质(0.53g)溶于乙醚/DIPE中。滤出沉淀及干燥,产生0.42g(77%)中间体13。
实施例4A
a)中间体14的制法
添加四(2-丙醇盐)钛(0.0023mol)至N2气流下,含1-(2-萘磺酰基)-哌嗪(0.0018mol)与4-氧代-1-六氢吡啶羧酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(0.0021mol)的1,2-二氯乙烷(6ml)混合物中。混合物于50℃下搅拌18小时后,冷却至室温。分批添加NaBH(OAc)3(0.0023mol)。混合物于室温下搅拌4小时。加水。混合物经寅式盐过滤。混合物经DCM萃取。倾析滤液。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂至干。残质(1.3g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(70-200μm)(洗脱液:DCM100至DCM/MeOH 99/1)。收集纯洗脱液,蒸发溶剂,产生0.72g(86%)中间体14。
b)中间体15的制法
取含中间体14(0.0014mol)的HCl/iPrOH 5N(10ml)混合物于50℃下搅拌18小时后,冷却至室温,过滤,以乙醚洗涤及干燥,产生0.53g(95%)中间体15(HCl盐),熔点260℃。
实施例A5
中间体16的制法
添加含5-溴-2-呋喃羧基醛(0.0171mol)的1,2-二甲氧乙烷(15ml)溶液至室温与N2气流下,含四(三苯基膦)钯(0.0045mol)的1,2-二甲氧乙烷(50ml)溶液中。混合物搅拌20分钟。添加含〔4-(羟甲基)苯基〕二羟硼酸(0.0257mol)的EtOH(18ml)悬浮液。混合物搅拌20分钟。添加碳酸钠(0.15mol)。混合物搅拌及回流4小时后,使之回升室温。取有机层蒸发。残质溶于DCM中,以水洗涤。分离有机层,脱水(MgOH4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。残质(4.1g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(15-40μm)(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH 99/1)。收集纯溶离份,蒸发溶剂,产生2.8g(82%)中间体16。
实施例A6
a)中间体17的制法
于10℃下,滴加含2-(甲磺酰基)-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯(0.0434mol)的乙腈(100ml)溶液至N2气流下,含4-六氢吡啶甲胺(0.0868mol)与碳酸钾(0.0434mol)的乙腈(200ml)溶液中。混合物于室温下搅拌2小时,倒至冰水中,以DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。残质(14.18g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(20-45μm)(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 90/10/1至80/20/2)。收集纯溶离分,蒸发溶剂,产生3.7g(32%)中间体17。
b)中间体18的制法
在含N-环己基碳化二亚胺,N′-甲基聚苯乙烯(153mg)(NovaBiochem目录编号01-64-0211)中依序添加N-乙酰基-3,4,5-三甲氧基-胺茴酸(0.2mmol)的THF(0.5ml)溶液及1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑的THF(0.5ml)溶液。混合物于室温下振荡10分钟。随后添加中间体17(0.1mmol)的DCM(1ml)溶液,然后于50℃下,利用N2气流蒸发溶剂后,使无溶剂的反应混合物于90℃及氮气流下静置一夜。产物溶于二氯甲烷(2ml)中,经玻璃滤器过滤。残质经DCM(2×2ml)润洗,滤液浓缩。产物于室温下,经THF(1ml)与氢氧化钠水溶液(1ml,1N)的混合物处理48小时。最后,添加HCl水溶液(1ml,1N)中和混合物,于70℃与氮气流下干燥,产物中间体18。
c)中间体19的制法
在中间体18(0.1mmol)中添加含1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.1mmol)、EDC(0.1mmol)与TEA(0.12mmol)的DCM/THF(3/4,7ml)混合溶液。反应混合物于室温下振荡5分钟,之后添加O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基胺(0.1mmol)。使所得溶液于室温下振荡一夜。反应混合物于50℃及氮气流下浓缩至5ml体积,然后添加由聚合物承载的异氰酸甲酯(1.25mmol/g,0.25mmol,Argonaut,目录编号800261)与(聚苯乙烯甲基)三甲基铵二碳酸盐(0.6mmol)(NovaBiochem目录编号01-64-0419),此混合物再振荡2小时。反应混合物过滤,滤液浓缩。产物经制备性HPLC纯化,产物29mg中间体19。
实施例A7
中间体20的制法
于0℃下,添加甲磺酰氯(0.006mol)至N2气流下,含中间体27(0.001mol)与TEA(0.008mol)的DCM(10ml)溶液中。混合物于0℃下搅拌3小时,倒至冰水中,以DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,产生0.44g中间体20。此产物直接用于下一个反应步骤。
实施例A8
a)中间体21的制法
称取中间体样本(0.1mmol)与2-苯基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(0.1mmol)加至容器中,添加甲苯(2ml)。容器密封后,混合物于90℃下加热10小时。然后蒸发溶剂,残质溶于DCM(4ml)中,添加乙二酰基二氯(1mmol)与DMF(1mmol)。所得混合物于90℃下振荡一夜。反应混合物经10%碳酸氢钠水溶液(2×1ml)洗涤,分层,取有机层浓缩,产生中间体21。
b)中间体22的制法
取中间体21(粗产物)经THF/1N NaOH水溶液/MeOH(1/1/0.2,2.2ml)混合物处理,同时于室温下激烈搅拌一夜。随后,添加HCl水溶液(1N,1ml)中和溶液。真空蒸发溶剂,产生中间体22。
c)中间体23的制法
在中间体22中依序添加1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.13mmol)的THF(无水,1ml)溶液、含EDC(0.13mmol)的DCM(无水,1ml)溶液及TEA(0.15mol)。混合物于室温下搅拌10分钟。添加O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基胺(0.13mmol)的THF(无水,1ml)溶液,反应混合物于室温下搅拌一夜。蒸发溶剂,产物经逆相HPLC纯化,产生中间体23,熔点(219℃)。
B最终化合物的制法
实施例B1
使用50%六氢吡啶的DMF溶液(室温,24小时)脱除N-Fom-羟基胺-2-氯三苯甲基树脂(Nova Biochem,01-64-0165)的保护基。树脂经DCM与DMF洗涤数次,于DMF中膨胀。一次添加全量2当量酸1,PyBrOP与4当量DIEA。混合物振荡24小时,沥干液体,树脂经DCM与DMF洗涤数次。树脂于含2当量胺的DMF中膨胀,于室温下振荡24小时,沥干液体,以DCM与DMF洗涤树脂。终产物经含5%TFA的DCM裂解,以HPLC与MS分析,于已先称重的试管中蒸发。
1以树脂承载量为基准计。
实施例B2
化合物1的制法
取含中间体7(0.00075mol)、50%NH2OH/H2O(5ml)、KCN(0.001mol)、MeOH(10ml)与THF(10ml)的混合物于室温下搅拌48小时。蒸发溶剂。残质经DCM萃取,以水洗涤。排除溶剂,油状残质(0.225g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(洗脱液:NH4OH/CH3OH/CH2Cl20.05/0.95/99;然后NH4OH/CH3OH/CH2Cl2 0.1/0.9/99)。收集纯溶离分,蒸发溶剂,产生0.114g化合物1.H2O,熔点182-184℃及0.040g 4-[4-[4-[1,5-二氢-3-甲基-1-(1-甲基丙基)-5-氧代-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]苯基]六氢-1H-1,4-二吖呯-1-基]-苯甲酸,熔点244-245℃。
实施例B3
化合物2的制法
于25℃下,取中间体8(0.000088mol)于5%TFA/MeOH(5ml)中搅拌24小时。然后,将反应混合物倒至水(5ml)+1当量NaHCO3中。此混合物经DCM(2×5ml)萃取。分离的有机层脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂(于50℃下,以N2气流吹干)。残质干燥(真空,50℃),产生0.018g(65%)化合物2,熔点196℃。
实施例B4
a)中间体24的制法
取含中间体13(0.0008mol)与氢氧化钾(0.0016mol)的EtOH(10ml)混合物搅拌及回流2小时后,冷却至室温。滤出沉淀,以EtOH与乙醚依序洗涤,干燥,产生0.425g(>100%)中间体24(钠盐)。
b)中间体25的制法
于N2气流下添加EDC(0.001mol)至含中间体24(0.0008mol)、O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基胺(0.001mol)与1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.001mol)的DCM/THF(10ml)混合物中。混合物于室温下搅拌18小时。过滤沉淀,以THF与乙醚依序洗涤,干燥,产生0.4g(83%)中间体25,熔点260℃。
c)化合物3的制法
添加TFA(0.5ml)至含中间体25(0.0006mol)的MeOH(10ml)混合物中。混合物于室温搅拌5天。滤出沉淀,以乙醚洗涤,干燥。残质溶于水中,搅拌30分钟,过滤,干燥,产生0.143g(38%)化合物3(.0.91CF3COOH),熔点210℃。
实施例B5
中间体26的制法
取含中间体15(0.0013mol)、2-(甲磺酰基)-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯(0.0017mol)与碳酸钾(0.0039mol)的乙腈(10ml)混合物于80℃下搅拌18小时。加水。混合物以DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂至干。残质(0.5g)自CH3CN/DIPE中结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,产生0.25g(37%)中间体26。
类似实施例〔B4〕的方法处理中间体26,产生0.126g(74%)化合物4(.0.86CF3COOH),熔点230℃。
实施例B6
中间体27的制法
取含中间体10(0.0015mol)与中间体16(0.0015mol)的MeOH(6ml)混合物于60℃下搅拌20小时后,冷却至0℃。添加氢硼酸钠(0.0022mol)。混合物回升室温,然后搅拌4小时,倒至冰水中,以DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。残质(0.8g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(15-40μm)(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 97/3/0.1至95/5/0.1)。收集纯溶离分,蒸发溶剂,产生0.28g(45%)中间体27。
类似实施例〔B4〕的方法处理中间体27,产生0.143g(89%)化合物5(.0.83CF3COOH),熔点219℃。
化合物5
实施例B7
中间体28的制法
取含中间体10(0.0042mol)与2-萘羧基醛(0.005mol)的1,2-二氯乙烷(10ml)混合物于50℃下搅拌3小时后,冷却至室温。分批添加NaBH(OAc)3(0.0055mol)。混合物于室温下搅拌2小时。加水。混合物经DCM萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂至干。残质(2g)溶于CH3CN/DIPE中。滤出沉淀,干燥,产生1.2g(75%)中间体28,熔点147℃。
类似实施例〔B4〕的方法处理中间体28,产生0.724g(88%)化合物6(.0.83CF3COOH),熔点>260℃。
化合物6
实施例B8
中间体29的制法
于5℃下,添加含2-萘乙醇甲磺酸酯(0.0029mol)的乙腈(3ml)溶液至含中间体10(0.0024mol)与碳酸钾(0.0048mol)的乙腈(6ml)混合物中。混合物于室温下搅拌18小时后,搅拌及回流一夜,冷却至室温。加水。混合物过滤,以水与乙醚依序洗涤,干燥,产生0.45g(48%)中间体29,熔点128℃。
类似实施例〔B4〕的方法处理中间体29,产生0.254g(86%)化合物7(.0.79CF3COOH),熔点209℃。
化合物7
实施例B9
化合物8的制法
于室温下,取中间体19(0.05mmol)经THF(2ml,含于DCM/MeOH1/1中)处理10分钟。随后于室温氮气流下蒸发排除溶剂,然后添加1,4-二噁烷,重复蒸发过程。样本于氮气流与40℃下干燥一夜,产生化合物8(.CF3COOH)。
实施例B10
中间体30的制法
取含中间体20(0.001mol)、吗啉(0.0013mol)与碳酸钾(0.002mol)的乙腈(6ml)混合物搅拌及回流一夜后,冷却,倒至冰水中,以EtOAc萃取。分离有机层,脱水(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。残质(0.79g)经硅胶管柱层析法纯化(10μm)(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH96/4/0.1)。收集纯溶离分,蒸发溶剂。残质(0.183g)自DIPE中结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,产生0.086g(47%)中间体30,熔点120℃。
类似实施例〔B1〕的方法处理中间体30,产生0.432g(87%)化合物9(0.47H2O.1.99CF3COOH),熔点140℃。
化合物9
实施例B11
化合物10的制法
添加TFA溶液(5%DCM/MeOH 1/1,2ml)至中间体23中,反应混合物于室温下搅拌5天。然后于室温与氮气流下蒸发溶剂,添加1,4-二噁烷,重复浓缩过程。然后取样于40℃与氮气流下干燥一夜,产生化合物10(.CF3COOH)。
表F-1列出根据上述一种实施例制备的化合物。表中采用下列缩写:.C2HF3O2代表三氟乙酸盐。表F-1
C.药理实施例
组织蛋白去乙酰酶抑制作用的活体外分析法(参见实施例C.1)是测定式(I)化合物所得的抑制HDAC酵素活性。
式(I)化合物的细胞活性是于A2780肿瘤细胞上,采用测试细胞毒性或存活性的比色测定法测定(Mosmamm Tim,Journal ofImmunological Methods 65:55-63,1983)(参见实施例C.2)。
于水性介质中的动力溶解性系测定该化合物于稀释时保持水溶液状态的能力(参见实施例C.3)。
DMSO母液系使用单一水性缓冲溶剂,于连续3个步骤中稀释。每一次稀释后的浊度均使用浊度计测定。
药物的通透性表现其由一种介质移动至或通过另一种介质的能力。明确言之,其移动通过肠膜进入血流与/或自血流进入目标中的能力。通透性(参见实施例C.4)的测定法可测定滤器固定化的人工膜磷脂双层物的形成量。滤器固定化的人工膜分析法,由96孔微滴定板与96孔过滤板形成“夹心”,因此每个组成的孔中即分隔成两个隔间,底层为供体溶液,上层为受体溶液,中间以涂覆2%(重量/体积)二油酰基磷脂酰基-胆碱的十二碳烷溶液的125微米微过滤片(0.45微米孔径)分隔,当该系统接触到水性缓冲液时,滤片通道内会形成多层膜的双层物。测定通过此人工膜的化合物通透性,以公分/秒表示。其目的为检视药物在两种不同pH:4.0与7.4下通过平行人工膜的通透性。采用UV-分光光度计,于250至500nm之间的最适当波长下检性。采用UV-分光光度计,于250至500nm之间的最适当波长下检测化合物。
药物的代谢作用指该脂溶性异种生物化合物或生物内生化合物经酵素转化成极性、水溶性且可排泄的代谢物(群)。药物代谢作用的主要器官为肝脏。代谢物的活性通常低于母化合物或无活性。然而,有些代谢物可能加强活性或毒性效果。因此,药物代谢作用可包括“去毒化”与“毒化”过程。其中决定生物体是否有能力处理药物与化学物的主要酵素系统代表为细胞色素P450单氧化酶,其系依赖NADPH的酵素。化合物的代谢安定性可于活体外,使用亚细胞人类组织测定(参见实施例C.5)。本文中化合物的代谢安定性系由此等化合物与微粒体培养15分钟后的药物代谢%表示。以LC-MS分析法为化合物定量。
肿瘤抑制因子p53可因应DNA损伤,转录活性化许多种基因,包括WAF1/CIP1基因、WAF1基因的21kDa产物出现在正常细胞中包括环素、依赖环素的激酶(CDKs)及增生细胞核抗原(PCNA)的复合体中,但不出现在转形细胞中,且似乎为CDK活性的通用抑制剂。p21WAF1结合并抑制CDKs的一种后果为防止依赖CDK的磷酸化反应及随后使Rb蛋白质去活化,Rb蛋白质系细胞循环发展所必要者。因此,使用HDAC抑制剂因与细胞接触而诱发产生的p21WAF1即可成为细胞循环发展过程中,在G1与G2两个检查点的抑制作用的强力且专一性的指标。
化合物诱发p21WAF1的能力系采用p21WAF1酵素连结免疫吸附性分析法测定(致癌基因的WAF1 ELISA)。p21WAF1分析法为一种同时使用小白鼠单株抗体与兔子多株抗体的“夹心”酵素免疫分析法。对人类WAF1蛋白质具专一性的兔子多株抗体已固定在试验套组所提供的塑胶孔表面上。样本中所要分析的任何p21WAF均会与捕捉抗体结合。生物素基化检测剂单株抗体亦可辨识人类p21WAF1蛋白质,而且会与捕捉抗体所保留的任何p21WAF1结合。检测剂抗体则再与辣根过氧化酶-共轭的抗生物素结合。辣根过氧化酶催化发色性受质四甲基联苯胺的有色溶液转呈蓝色溶液(或当添加中止反应剂后,则转呈黄色),其深度与分析板上p21WAF1蛋白质的结合量成比例。采用分光光度计定量有色反应产物。使用已知浓度的p21WAF1(冷冻干燥物)所构成的标准曲线进行定量(参见实施例C.6)。
实施例C.1:组织蛋白去乙酰酶的抑制作用的活体外分析法
取60μg/ml HeLa核萃出物(供应商:Biomol)与2×10-8M放射性标记的肽受质培养。测定HDAC活性所使用的受质为合成肽,亦即组织蛋白H4的氨基酸14-21。该受质的NH2末端部分经6-氨基己酸间隔基进行生物素基化,其COOH-末端部分则被酰胺基保护,并于离胺酸16上专一性〔3H〕乙酰化。添加受质:生物素-(6-氨基己酸)Gly-Ala-([H3]-乙酰基-Lys-Arg-His-Arg-Lys-Val-NH2)至含25mM Hepes、1M蔗糖、0.1mg/ml BSA与0.01%Triton X-100的pH7.4缓冲液。30分钟后,添加HCl与乙酸中止去乙酰化反应(终浓度分别为0.035mM与3.8mM)。反应停止后,以乙酸乙酯萃取游离的3H-乙酸酯。混合与离心后,于β-计数器上计算上层有机相的放射活性。每次实验均平行进行对照组(含HeLa核萃物与DMSO,但不含化合物)、空白培养组(含DMSO,但不含HeLa核萃物或化合物)及样本试验组(含溶于DMSO中的化合物与HeLa核萃物)。第一例中,化合物的试验浓度为10-5M。当化合物于10-5M下展现活性时,则在10-5M与1012M之间浓度测试化合物,制成浓度-效应曲线。每次试验的对照组与样本组的数值均扣除空白组数值。对照组样本代表100%受质去乙酰化。各样本的放射活性以相对于对照组平均值的百分比表示。若适当时,采用概率分析法计算已分级的数据,计算IC50值(使代谢物量下降至对照组的50%时所需药物浓度)。此时,以pIC50(IC50值的负对数值)表示试验化合物的效应。所有试验化合物在10-5M的试验浓度下均展现酵素活性,有28种化合物的pIC50≥5(参见表F-2)。
实施例C.2:于A2780细胞上测定抗增生活性
所有试验化合物均溶于DMSO中,再于培养基中稀释。细胞增生分析法中的最终DMSO浓度不可超过0.1%(v/v)。对照组含有A2780细胞及不含化合物的DMSO,而空白组则含有DMSO,但不含细胞。取MTT溶于PBS中,5mg/ml。制备甘氨酸缓冲液,其包含0.1M甘氨酸与0.1M NaCl,以1M NaOH缓冲至pH10.5(所有试验均来自Merck药厂)。
取人类A2780卵巢癌瘤细胞(系美国宾州Fox Chase癌症中心T.C.Hamilton博士的热心捐赠)于补充2mM L-麦酰胺、50μg/ml庆大霉素与10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基中培养。细胞照例呈单层培养物保持在37℃的潮湿5%CO2大气中。每周使用胰蛋白酶/EDTA溶液传代细胞一次,分割比例为1∶40。所有培养基与补充物均得自LifeTechnologies。采用Gen-Probe霉浆菌组织培养套组(供应商:BioMerieux)测得细胞中不含霉浆菌污染物。
将细胞接种在NUNCTM96孔培养板中(供应商:LifeTechnologies),使之附着在塑胶板上一夜。用于涂覆的密度为每孔1500个细胞,总体积为200μl培养基。细胞附着在培养板上后,换下培养基,添加药物与/溶剂至最终体积200μl。培养4天后,以200μl新鲜培养基置换培养基,采用以MTT为主的分析法分析细胞密度与活力。每孔中添加25μl MTT溶液,细胞再于37℃下培养2小时。小心吸出培养基,依序添加25μl甘氨酸缓冲液及100μl DMSO,使蓝色MTT-甲产物溶解。微试验板于微试验板振荡器上振荡10分钟,使用Emax96孔分光光度计(供应商:Sopachem)测定540nm的吸光度。实验中,各实验条件的结果均为3个重复孔的平均值。初次筛选用的化合物系于单一固定浓度10-6M下测试。活性化合物则重复试验,以建立完整的浓度-效应曲线。每次实验的对照组(不含药物)及空白培养组(不含细胞或药物)均平行进行。所有对照组与样本组数值均扣除空白组数值。每个样本的细胞生长平均值(以吸光度为单位)均以相对于对照组细胞生长平均值的百分比表示。若适当时,采用概率分析法计算已分级的数据,计算IC50值(使细胞生长下降至对照组的50%时所需药物浓度)(Finney,D.J.,Probit Analyses,第2版,第10章,GradedResponse,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1962)。本文中以pIC50(IC50值的负对数值)表示试验化合物的效果。大多数试验化合物在10-6M的试验浓度下展现细胞活性且有9种化合物的pIC50≥5(参见表F-2)。
实施例C.3:于水性介质中的动力溶解性
第一个稀释步骤中,取10μl活性化合物的浓缩母液溶于DMSO中(5mM),加至100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中,混合。第二个稀释步骤中,取一部分(20μl)第一个稀释步骤溶液再加至100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中,混合。最后,第三个稀释步骤中,取一部分(20μl)第二个稀释步骤溶液再加至100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中稀释,混合。所有稀释液均于96孔板中进行。最后一次稀释后,立即使用浊度计测定连续3个稀释步骤的浊度。每种化合物的稀释液均进行三重复,以排除偶然误差。依据浊度测定值,分成3级。高溶解度的化合物得到3分,此等化合物的第一次稀释呈澄清状。中度溶解度的化合物得到2分。此等化合物的第一次稀释液不澄清,但第二次稀释液即澄清。低溶解度的化合物得到1分。此等化合物的第一次与第二次稀释液均不澄清。测定6种化合物的溶解度。其中有3种化合物得到3分,2种化合物得到2分,及1种化合物得到1分(参见表F-2)。
实施例C.4:平行人工膜通透性分析法
于含2ml水性缓冲液系统pH4或pH7.4(PSR4系统溶液浓缩物(pION))的深孔或预混合板中稀释母液样本(10μl含于100%DMSO中的5mM母液)。添加样本至参考板中之前,先添加150μl缓冲液至孔中,测定空白UV值。之后,弃置缓冲液,此板子用为参考板。所有测定法均于耐UV的板子上进行(供应商:Coaster或Greiner)。
测定参考板的空白值后,添加150μl稀释的样本至参考板中,添加200μl稀释样本至供体板1中。使用4ul人工膜形成溶液(1,2-二油酰基-顺式-甘油-3-胆碱磷酸含于含0.1%2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚的十二碳烷中)涂覆受体过滤板1(供应商:Millipore,型号:MAIP N45),置于供体板1上方,形成“夹心”。添加缓冲液(200μl)至上方的受体孔中。此“夹心”加盖,保存在室温与黑暗中18小时。
添加150μl缓冲液至孔中后,测定UV值,测定受体板2的空白值。受体板2测定空白值后,弃置缓冲液,自受体过滤板1中取出150μl受体溶液移至受体板2中。然后自夹心中取出受体过滤板1。测定供体板2的空白值(如上述)后,自供体板1中取出150μl供体溶液移至供体板2中。扫描供体板2、受体板2及参考板的孔中UV光谱(SpectraMAX 190)。所有光谱均经PSR4p精算软体(Command Software)计算通透性。所有化合物均进行三重复。每次实验均使用酰胺咪嗪(carbamazepine)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、无环乌苷(acycloguanosine)、阿替洛尔(atenolol)、呋噻米(furosemide)与氯噻嗪(chlorothiazide)作为标准物。化合物分成三类:低通透性(平均值<0.5×10-6cm/s;得分1),中通透性(1×10-6cm/s>平均值≥0.5×10-6cm/s;得分2)或高通透性(≥0.5×10-6cm/s;得分3)。试验两种化合物,其在一种pH测定值下的得分为至少2分。
实施例C.5:代谢安定性
依据Gorrod等人(Xenobiotica 5:453-462,1975)制备亚细胞组织制剂,其系使组织经过机械性均质化后离心分离。肝组织于冰冷0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)缓冲液中润洗,以洗除过量血液。随后吸干组织,称重,使用手术用剪刀粗略剪断。组织碎片于3倍体积冰冷的0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)中,使用装有铁弗龙捣杵的Potter-S(意大利Braun公司)或Sorvall Omni-Mix均质器均质化7×10秒,均质化期间,容器保持在冰中/上。
组织均质液于4℃下,使用Sorvall离心机或Beckmann超离心机,于9000xg下离心20分钟。所得上澄液保存在-80℃下,称为“S9”。
此S9部分再使用Beckmann超离心机,于100,000xg下离心60分钟(4℃)。小心吸出所得上澄液,此部分称为“胞液”。离心块再悬浮于0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液中(pH7.4),每0.5克组织原始重的终体积为1ml,称为“微粒体”。
所有亚细胞组织部分开后,立即于液态氮中冷冻,保存在-80℃下,直到使用时为止。
试验样本的培养混合含有PBS(0.1M)、化合物(5μM)、微粒体(1mg/ml)与NADPH-发生系统(0.8mM葡萄糖-6-磷酸、0.8mM氯化镁及0.8单位葡萄糖-6-磷酸去氢酶)。对照组样本含有相同材料,但微粒体改为经受热去活性(95℃下10分钟)的微粒体。对照组样本中化合物的回收率总是100%。
混合物于37℃下预培养5分钟。添加0.8mM NADP的零时间点(t=0)开始反应,样本培养15分钟(t=15)。添加2倍体积DMSO停止反应。样本随后于900xg下离心10分钟,分析前保存在室温下的上澄液不可超过24小时。所有培养均进行二重复。采用LC-MS分析法分析上澄液。于Xterra MS C18(50×4.6mm,5um,美国Waters公司)上溶离样本。采用Alliance 2790(供应商:美国Waters公司)HPLC系统。溶离液为缓冲液A(含于H2O/乙腈(95/5)中的25mM乙酸铵(pH5.2)),溶剂B为乙腈,且溶剂C为甲醇,流速为2.4ml/分钟。所使用的梯度为在5分钟内,以线性梯度,使有机相浓度由0%逐渐提高至50%B与50%C,于1分钟内至100%B,然后保持有机相固定浓度1.5分钟。注射样本总体积为25μl。
采用附有ESI光源的Quattro(供应商:英国曼彻斯特市Microsome公司)三重四极质谱仪作为检测器。光源与去溶剂化温度分别设定在120与350℃,使用氮气作为气雾剂及脱水气体。以正扫描模式取得数据(单离子反应),锥管电压设定在10V,滞留时间为1秒。
代谢安定性以化合物于活性微粒体(E(act))的存在下培养15分钟后的代谢%表示(代谢%=100%-((E(act)于t=15时的总离子电流(TIC)/E(act)于t=0时的TIC)×100)。代谢百分比小于20%的化合物则定义为具高度代谢安定性。代谢百分比在20与70%之间的化合物则定义为具中度安定性,而代谢百分比高于70%的化合物则定义为具低度代谢安定性。当进行代谢安定性试验时,总是包含3种参考化合物。使用菲帕米(Varapamil)作为低度代谢安定性的化合物(代谢%=73%)。使用西沙比利(Cisapride)作为中度代谢安定性的化合物(代谢%=45%)。使用丙醇作为中度至高度代谢安定性的化合物(代谢%=25%)。使用此等参考化合物确认代谢安定性分析法的有效性。
试验3种化合物,其中1种代谢%小于20%,2种的代谢%在20至70%之间。
实施例C.6:p21诱发能力
采用下列方法,于人类A2780卵巢癌瘤细胞上测定p21蛋白质表现程度。将A2780细胞(20000个细胞/180μl)接种在96孔微分析板中,补充2mM L-麦酰胺、50μg/ml庆大霉素与10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基中。溶解细胞前24小时,化合物的最终添加浓度为10-5、10-6、10-7与10-8M。所有试验化合物均溶在DMSO中,再于培养基中稀释。添加化合物24小时后,排出细胞的上澄液。以200μl冰冷PBS洗涤细胞。吸清凹孔,添加30μl溶胞缓冲液(50mM Tris.HCl(pH7.6),150mM HCl,1%Nonidet p40与10%甘油)。分析板于-70℃下培养一夜。
自金属箔包装中取出适量微滴定孔,置入空的凹孔维持器中。制备洗涤缓冲液(20×分析板洗涤浓缩液:100ml PBS与界面活性剂的20倍浓缩液。含有2%氯乙酰胺)的操作溶液(1×)。冷冻干燥的p21WAF标准物与蒸馏水重新组合,再经样本稀释液(由套组中供应)稀释。
样本经样本稀释液稀释1∶4。吸取样本(100μl)与p21WAF1标准物(100μl)加至适当凹孔中,于室温下培养2小时。以1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤凹孔3次后,吸取100μl检测剂抗体试剂(生物素基化单株p21WAF1抗体溶液)加至各孔中。凹孔于室温下培养1小时后,以1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤3次。稀释400×共轭物(过氧化酶抗生物素共轭物:400倍浓缩液),取100μl×溶液加至孔中。凹孔于室温下培养30分钟后,以1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤3次,以蒸馏水洗涤1次。添加受质溶液(发色性受质)(100μl)至孔中,于黑暗中室温下培养30分钟。依前述添加受质溶液的相同顺序添加停止反应溶液至各孔中。使用分光光度计读板机,于450/595nm双重波长下测定各孔吸光度。每次实验均平行进行对照组(不含药物)与空白培养组(不含细胞或药物)。所有对照组与样本组数值均扣除空白组数值。各样本的p21WAF1诱发数值(单位为吸光度)以相对于对照组中p21 WAF1数值百分比表示。诱发百分比高于130%时,定义为显著诱发。本分析法中,试验2种化合物,其均展现显著的诱发作用。
表F-2:表F-2出示依据实施例C.1、C.2与C.3试验的化合物的结果
化合物编号 | 酵素活性pIC50 | 细胞活性pIC50 | 溶解度分数 |
1 | 5.121 | 4.825 | 3 |
2 | 6.377 | 5.04 | 3 |
3 | 7.28 | 6.016 | 1 |
4 | 7.306 | 6.182 | 3 |
5 | 8.035 | 6.814 | 3 |
6 | 8.148 | 7.227 | 3 |
7 | 7.952 | 6.353 | 3 |
化合物编号 | 酵素活性pIC50 | 细胞活性pIC50 | 溶解度分数 |
8 | 7.365 | 6.429 | |
9 | 7.889 | 7.009 | 3 |
10 | 7.427 | 6.182 | |
11 | <5 | ||
12 | >5 | ||
13 | <5 | ||
14 | <5 | ||
15 | >5 | ||
16 | 5.698 | ||
17 | >5 | ||
18 | >5 | ||
19 | >5 | ||
20 | <5 | ||
21 | 5 | ||
22 | >5 | ||
23 | >5 | ||
24 | <5 | ||
25 | 5 | ||
26 | >5 | ||
27 | <5 | ||
28 | >5 | ||
48 | 6.343 | 5.367 | 3 |
49 | <5 | 2 | |
50 | 5.206 | 2 | |
51 | 7.561 | 5.929 | |
52 | 7.235 | 5.93 | |
53 | 7.295 | ||
54 | 6.176 |
D.组合物实施例:膜衣片剂
片剂核心制法
取含100g式(I)化合物、570g乳糖与200g淀粉的混合物混合均匀后,与含5g十二烷基硫酸钠及10g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的约200ml水溶液湿化。湿粉末混合物经过筛、干燥及再过筛一次。然后添加100g微晶纤维素与15g氢化植物油。全部混合均匀,压成片剂,产生10,000片剂,各含100mg式(I)化合物。
包衣
添加含5g乙基纤维素的150ml二氯甲烷溶液至含10g甲基纤维素的75ml变性乙醇溶液中。然后添加75ml二氯甲烷与2.5ml 1,2,3-丙三醇。取10g聚乙二醇熔化及溶解于75ml二氯甲烷中。后项溶液加至前项溶液中,然后添加2.5g十八碳烷酸镁、5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与30ml浓缩色素悬浮液,全部均质化。于包覆设备中,以所得混合物包覆片剂核心。
Claims (12)
1.一种式(I)化合物
其N-氧化物型、其医药上可接受的加成盐及立体化学异构体,
其中
n为0、1、2或3,且当n为0时,则为一直接键合;
t为0、1、2、3或4,且当t为0时,则为一直接键合;
各Q为氮或-C≤;
各X为氮或-C≤;
各Y为氮或-C≤;
各Z为氮或-CH<;
R1为-C(O)NR7R8、-NHC(O)R9、-C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-CR10C(O)N(OH)R9、-NR10C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)C=N(OH)R9或另一个Zn-螯合基,
其中R7与R8分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、氨基C1-6烷基或氨芳基;
R9分别独立选自:氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷羰基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基吡嗪基、吡啶酮、吡咯啶酮或甲基咪唑基;
R10分别独立选自:氢或C1-6烷基;
R2为氢、卤基、羟基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基、羟氨基或萘磺酰基吡嗪基;
-L-选自下列的二价基团:C1-6烷二基、C1-6烷二基氧、氨基、羰基或氨羰基;
各R3分别独立为氢原子,其中一个氢原子可被选自芳基的取代基置换;
R4为氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨羰基、羟羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、氨羰基C1-6烷基、羟羰基C1-6烷基、羟氨羰基、C1-6烷氧羰基、C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
其中各s分别为0、1、2、3、4或5;
各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;被芳基与C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;氰基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基;羟基C1-6烷氨基;氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨羰基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基;(芳基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;芳基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基氨基;芳氧基;芳氧基C1-6烷基;芳基C2-6烯二基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;
氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;
二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氰基;硫苯基;
被下列基团取代的硫苯基:二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基、C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-6烷基、吗啉基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、或二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
呋喃基;被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;唑基;被芳基与C1-6烷基取代的 唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯啶基;吡咯基;六氢吡啶基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;吗啉基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基C1-6烷基;吗啉基C1-6烷氨基;吗啉基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;哌嗪基C1-6烷基;萘磺酰基哌嗪基;萘磺酰基六氢吡啶基;萘磺酰基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氨基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基磺酰基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-6烷基;六氢吡啶基氨基C1-6烷氨基;六氢吡啶基氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;(C1-6烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基;
(C1-6烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;
羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;
羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;
(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
羟基C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
吡咯啶基C1-6烷基;吡咯啶基C1-6烷氧基;吡唑基;硫吡唑基;被选自C1-6烷基或三卤C1-6烷基中两个取代基取代的吡唑基;
吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;喹啉基;吲哚基;苯基;被分别独立选自下列1、2或3个取代基取代的苯基;卤基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氧羰基、氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨羰基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1- 4烷基)氨基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、氰基、六氢吡啶基C1-4烷氧基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷氧基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基六氢吡啶基、C1-4烷氧基六氢吡啶基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、呋喃基、被-CH=CH-CH=CH-取代的呋喃基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷基、吡咯啶基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基、吗啉基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷基、吗啉基C1-4烷氨基、吗啉基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氨基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氨基C1-6烷基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、六氢吡啶基氨基C1-4烷氨基、六氢吡啶基氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
(C1-4烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基、
(C1-4烷基六氢吡啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
吡啶基C1-4烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷氨基、羟基C1-4烷氨基C1-4烷基、
二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氨基、氨基噻二唑基、
氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、或硫苯基C1-4烷氨基;
各R5与R6可置于氮上替代氢;
上述芳基为苯基,或为被一个或多个分别独立选自:
卤基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基或羟羰基的取代基取代的苯基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中n为1或2;t为0、1、2或4;各Q为-C≤;R1为-C(O)NH(OH);R2为氢或硝基;-L-为一直接键合或选自C1-6烷二基的二价基团;R4为氢;为选自:(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-11)、(a-18)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-47)、或(a-51)的基团;各s分别为0、1、2或4;且各R5与R6分别独立选自氢;卤基;三卤C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基;被芳基与C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;苯并呋喃基;萘磺酰基;被芳氧基取代的吡啶基;苯基;或被选自羟基C1-4烷基或吗啉基C1-4烷基中一个取代基取代的苯基。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中t为1、2、3或4;
R1为-C(O)NR7R8、-C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)N(OH)R9、-NR10C(O)C1-6烷二基SR9、-NR10C(O)C=N(OH)R9或另一个Zn-螯合基,其中R7与R8分别独立选自:氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基或氨基C1-6烷基;
R2为氢、卤基、羟基、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基;
-L-为一直接键合或选自下列的二价基团:C1-6烷二基、C1-6烷二基氧、氨基或羰基;
R4为氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氨基C1-6烷基、或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;为选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-44)、(a-45)、(a-46)、(a-47)、(a-48)与(a-51);
各s分别为0、1、2、3或4;
R5为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;硫苯基;呋喃基、被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;噁唑基;被芳基与C1-6烷基取代的 唑基C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯啶基;吡咯基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基六氢吡啶基;吡唑基;被选自C1-6烷基或三卤C1-6烷基中一或两个取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚基;苯基;或经分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基;
R6为氢;卤基;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤C1-6烷基;三卤C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷羰基;C1-6烷氧羰基;C1-6烷磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;吡啶基;苯基;或经分别独立选自:卤基、C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基中的1或2个取代基取代的苯基。
6.一种医药组合物,其包含医药上可接受的载剂及作为活性成分的医疗有效量的根据权利要求1至5中的化合物。
7.一种制备根据权利要求6的医药组合物的方法,其中均匀混合医药上可接受的载剂及根据权利要求1至5中的化合物。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的化合物,其是用为医药。
9.一种以根据权利要求1至5中任一项的化合物用于制造医药,供治疗增生疾病上的用途。
11.一种用于生物检体中检测或判别HDAC的方法,其包括检测或测定如权利要求1所定义的有标记化合物与HDAC之间所形成的错合物。
12.一种含抗癌剂与权利要求权利要求1至5中任一项的HDAC抑制剂的组合物。
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CN101300226B (zh) * | 2005-11-01 | 2012-05-30 | 韩国化学研究院 | 对组蛋白脱乙酰酶具有抑制活性的烷基氨甲酰基萘氧基辛烯酰基羟基酰胺衍生物及其制备方法 |
CN106232584A (zh) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社钟根堂 | 作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶6抑制剂的新型化合物和包含其的药物组合物 |
CN106232584B (zh) * | 2014-03-12 | 2019-06-28 | 株式会社钟根堂 | 作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶6抑制剂的新型化合物和包含其的药物组合物 |
WO2023222115A1 (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 四川汇宇制药股份有限公司 | 一种羟基酰胺类衍生物及其应用 |
CN117263936A (zh) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 中国中医科学院医学实验中心 | 一种咪唑并[1, 2-a]吡啶衍生物及其制备方法和在中枢神经系统渗透性HDAC6抑制药物中的应用 |
CN117263936B (zh) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-23 | 中国中医科学院医学实验中心 | 一种咪唑并[1, 2-a]吡啶衍生物及其制备方法和在中枢神经系统渗透性HDAC6抑制药物中的应用 |
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