CN1316555C - 长寿命卤素循环白炽灯和玻璃封壳组合物 - Google Patents
长寿命卤素循环白炽灯和玻璃封壳组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/302—Vessels; Containers characterised by the material of the vessel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种可在85伏以上的电压工作的长寿命,卤素循环白炽灯(30)。该灯包括将钨灯丝(45)密封在其中的透明玻璃封壳(34);连接灯丝并伸出封壳外接到大于100伏的电压源的一对弯曲电引线(42.44);和在至少3个大气压下填充在封壳内的包含卤素的填充气体。该封壳由五种成分碱土硅铝酸盐系玻璃制成,该玻璃的主要成分包括大于58wt%至64wt%的SiO2,14至17wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3,1至6wt%的MgO,6至12wt%的CaO,7至17wt%的BaO,和0至1.5wt%的ZrO2。
Description
本申请要求申请日为1997年9月12日,暂定申请号为60/058,712;申请日为1997年10月10日,暂定申请号为08/948565的美国专利申请,和申请日为1997年10月27日,申请号为19747355.5的德国专利申请的权益。
技术领域
本发明涉及灯,特别涉及白炽卤素灯,还特别涉及卤素灯封壳用的玻璃。
背景技术
由钨-卤素循环操作的灯是已知的。该灯工作时,其含有惰性填充气体,例如,氖,氮,氩,氪,或氙,或其混合物,与卤素一起,通常是溴,与从炽热灯丝逸出的挥发钨相结合。灯中,由炽热灯丝限定的温度极限与灯壳中的最冷点之间,以气态物质达到浓度平衡。冷点温度应足够高,以防止任何钨的卤化物凝聚,只要满足该条件,连续输送循环操作能保持钨不挥发到灯壳上。
很多硬玻璃,如硅铝酸盐,已用于钨卤素灯取得不同程度的成功。这些玻璃包括Corning Incorporated供应的1720,1724和1725号玻璃;Schott供应的8252和8253号玻璃;和General Electric供应的180号玻璃。
1720,1724和8252号玻璃已成功地用于低压(即12V)应用范围,如工作壁温低于500℃的汽车头灯;但是,对线路电压应用范围来说,即,电压高于85V的应用,由于壁温远高于500℃,这些玻璃就不适用,因为它不能保持良好的密封性。该情况是由于工作中的玻璃结构收缩造成的。收缩的玻璃造成的应力可能会超过玻璃的破裂强度,最终造成灯密封破坏。
其它玻璃,如1725,180和8253号玻璃均有实质上更高的玻璃变形点,而适用于玻壳尺寸减小和更大电压产生的更高壁温,即电压超过85伏的情形,此时玻璃不会因收缩而破坏,但最终会出现因钨淀积在灯泡内壁上产生的变黑现象,因而,会出现非被动性灯损坏,即灯壳爆炸。理想情况的灯损坏应是被动性损坏,即因灯丝断裂造成的破坏。通常使用的卤素气体是HBr或CH3Br。如上所述,溴(或其它卤素)的浓度是控制有钨丝的卤素循环的关键。上述玻璃最初的工作状态很好,经过一段时间之后,碱土阳离子与灯泡壁反应,从卤素循环中消耗溴。反应生成物通常是BaBr2和CaBr2,在灯壳内表面上出现白色烟雾。这样通常设计出的卤素灯性能受到该反应的限制。
已有人提出在灯壳内表面涂一层二氧化硅阻隔层来减小碱土阳离子与溴的反应(见已转让给本发明受让人的美国专利5473226),但该解决办法使成本增加而且并不完全有效。
如果能开发出一种玻璃,它能消除或基本上减少加85伏以上电压时灯内卤素气体与玻璃材料的化学反应,从而提高灯的性能(能保持增大的亮度)和寿命,便是本技术领域的一大进展。即可以实现超过2500小时而灯的亮度基本上不减弱这一目标。
本发明介绍
因此,本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的缺点。
本发明的另一目的是提高卤素循环灯的性能。
本发明的又一目的是,提供钨卤素灯用的玻璃,它能达到上述效果而且能保持低成本。
按本发明的一个方面,为实现这些目的,提供一种能在85伏以上的电压工作的长寿命卤素循环白炽灯,它包括:把钨灯丝密封在内的透明玻璃封壳;连接灯丝,并伸出封壳外与85伏以上电压电源连接的一对引线;在至少三个大气压下填入封壳内的含卤素填充气体。所述封壳由碱土硅铝酸盐玻璃构成,该玻璃主要组成如下:58以上至约64wt%的SiO2、约14至约17.5wt%的Al2O3、0至约1wt%的B2O3、1至约7wt%的MgO、约5.5至约14wt%的CaO、约6至约17wt%的BaO、0至约8wt%的SrO和0至约1.5wt%的ZrO2。其它微量化合物,例如CeO2或TiO2可以存在的量是1wt%以下。本发明的优选方案中,封壳是由对卤素的亲合力减小了的硅铝酸盐玻璃构成的,该玻璃包含:59至约61wt%SiO2,约15.3至约17.2wt%Al2O3,约0.3至约0.5wt% B2O3,1至约6.5wt%MgO,约5.9至约13.5wt%CaO,约6.5wt%以上至约9.5wt%的BaO,0至约8wt%SrO,约0.05至约1wt%ZrO2,约0至约0.3wt%CeO2和约0至约0.5wt%TiO2。
本发明提供一种可在85伏以上电压下工作的长寿命卤素循环白炽灯,包括:把灯丝密封在内的透明玻璃封壳;连接灯丝并伸出所述封壳再连接到85伏以上电压电源的一对引线;以及在至少3个大气压下填入所述封壳内的含卤素填充气体,所述封壳由碱土金属硅铝酸盐玻璃构成,该玻璃的主要成分包括:58以上至64wt%的SiO2,14至17.5wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3、1至7wt%的MgO,5.5至14wt%的CaO,6至17wt%的BaO和0至1.5wt%的ZrO2,0至8重量%的SrO,其中,(CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO的重量比为1.45-1.75。
本发明还提供一种碱土金属硅铝酸盐玻璃,主要由下列成分组成:以氧化物的重量百分比计,58以上至64wt%的SiO2,14至17.5wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3,1至7wt%的MgO,5.5至14wt%的CaO,6至17wt%的BaO,0至1.5wt%的ZrO2,从0至8wt%的SrO,其中,碱土金属氧化物的总量不小于21wt%且不大于24wt%。
附图的简要说明
只有一个附图,它是本发明用的钨卤素灯的横截面图。
实施本发明的最佳模式
参见以下结合上述附图所作的说明和所附的权利要求书,能更好理解本发明以及本发明的其它更进一步的目的,发明的优点和发明的能力。
现在更具体地参考附图,图中所示的灯30有纵轴L,并包括外壳32和内壳34,框架组件36和底座38、外壳32有玻颈部分40。内壳34是带有灯丝45的钨卤素白炽封壳、其中有弯曲电引线42和44,该引线连接到壳体34外的85伏以上电压的电源。本例中封壳34安在框架组件36上。
封壳34是用本发明的玻璃构成的,并包含由惰性气体和卤素组成的填充气体。本发明的优选实施例中,填充气包括95%Kr,约5%N2,和0.10%的HBr,且气体处于3至8个大气压。
构成封壳34用的硅铝酸盐玻璃主要成分包括:>58wt%至约64wt%SiO2、约14至约17.5wt%Al2O3、0至约1wt%B2O3、约1至约7wt%MgO、约5.5至约14wt%CaO、约6至约17wt%BaO、0至约8wt%SrO,0至约1.5wt%ZrO2。本发明的优选实施例中,可以不合氧化硼和氧化锆而不会影响灯的工作;但是,为了促进熔化工艺必须加少量的氧化硼和氧化锆。为了控制液态可加入少量氧化锌,而少量的CeO2和/或TiO2以控制UV吸收限。适用于茶色灯的玻璃中。可加最高2wt%的Br。这相当于制成的玻璃中含Br最高约0.6wt%。因为所用的化合物,例如BaBr2是有挥发性的。
用以下方式测试本发明的一些玻璃溴的消耗量与现有技术玻璃对比。长度约5英寸,直径约5英寸的熔合石英反应容器内装入8253,180,1725,1724,1720号玻璃各组合物和本发明玻璃构成的封壳玻璃管。这些玻璃的成分列于表I中。
表I
1720 | 1724 | 8252 | 1725 | 180 | 8253 | |
氧化物 | Corning | Corning | Schott | Corning | GE | Schott |
SiO2 | 60.63 | 57.2 | 60 | 63.4 | 62.1 | 61.9 |
Al2O3 | 16.22 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 16.2 |
B2O3 | 5.02 | 4.35 | 4.5 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.34 |
MgO | 8.17 | 5.79 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.05 |
CaO | 9.45 | 8.03 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 6.5 | 12.5 |
BaO | 8.07 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 16.8 | 7.7 | |
SrO | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
Na2O | 0.51 | 0.038 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.08 | |
K2O | 0.024 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
ZrO2 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | ||
Fe2O3 | 0.048 | 0.041 | 0.033 | 0.031 | ||
TiO2 | 0.21 | |||||
BaO/CaO[moles] | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.95 | 0.22 | |
MgO/CaO[moles] | 1.20 | 1.00 | 0.28 | |||
Molar%RO | 23.0 | 22.4 | 19.2 | 18.3 | 16.1 | 18.5 |
物理性能 | ||||||
软化点[℃] | 915 | 926 | 940 | 993 | 1020 | 1000 |
退火点[℃] | 712 | 726 | 725 | 778 | 786 | 783 |
变形点[℃] | 668 | 674 | 716 | 733 | 733 | |
热膨胀23-300C[x10-7/C] | 42 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 45 |
密度[g/cc] | 2.52 | 2.56 | 2.63 | 2.72 | 2.68 | 2.62 |
排空石英反应容器,在1个大气压下回填由80%Kr,19%N,和1%HBr组成的气体,并密封。该反应容器放在炉子的等温部分内,在610℃加热500小时。冷却后打开反应容器,取出测试玻璃管,堵住一端并充入去离子水。之后堵住相反的一端,再把该封壳管加热到100℃1小时,使圆柱形封壳玻璃内表面上形成的水溶性反应产物溶解。之后分析每个封壳管的水中所含的溴,钙,镁,钡,锶(一个玻璃样品有少量的CaO被SrO代替)和钠。结果列于表II中。
表II
原始溶液中的浓度(mmol/L) | ||||||
说明 | Br | Ba | Ca | Mg | Sr | Na |
8253,SrO取代部分CaO | 0.390 | 0.036 | 0.083 | 0.000 | 0.062 | 0.019 |
GE180,产品组合物 | 0.388 | 0.109 | 0.060 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.007 |
8253,无ZrO2和B2O3 | 0.348 | 0.023 | 0.146 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.010 |
8253D,产品组合物 | 0.319 | 0.020 | 0.135 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.011 |
8253,无ZrO2 | 0.229 | 0.018 | 0.124 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
8253,碱更少的产品玻璃 | 0.189 | 0.008 | 0.061 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 |
1725,产品组合物 | 0.154 | 0.032 | 0.099 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.012 |
1724,实验室熔化物 | 0.035 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 |
8253,MgO取代部分CaO | 0.034 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 |
1724,产品组合物 | 0.030 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 |
1720,产品组合物[0.5wt%碱] | 0.012 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.005 |
8253D,未HBr处理[对照] | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
表II中所列MgO取代部分CaO的8253号玻璃“是本发明的玻璃之一。发现该玻璃在相同的测试条件下,与其它任何高温玻璃相比,其溴反应要小得多。较低温的玻璃,即1720号和1724号玻璃如同它用于低压情况下那样,溴污染很小。但是,如上所述,这些玻璃不能用于高压下,因为这些玻璃的变形点低,会引起结构收缩,当内玻璃与引线丝之间的界面处的裂缝扩大时,最终造成灯的非被动性损坏。
本发明的其它玻璃制备如下。
实施例
制造各实施例玻璃时,每次用的碱性物都稍有变化。例如,石英砂,氧化铝,碳酸镁、碳酸钙,和碳酸钡,以及锆砂。可按需要添加氧化铈和溴化钡。把混合均匀的混合物放入Pt/Rh坩埚内在1600~1650℃于室验室内熔化,再精炼和均化。将其在实验室拉伸机内垂直拉出。玻璃是无破裂的小晶体。表III列出了按本发明方案的玻璃(A5)实例以及对比例(V1),以氧化物的重量百分比为基础的组成和它们的主要性能。
除转变温度(Tg)之外,再起泡温度也列出。再起泡温度是室温下并无肉眼可见气泡的玻璃样品,当升温时在金属的界面处(样品的夹具,即钼)突然形成气泡时的温度。该再起泡温度越高,用于密封钼时玻璃形成气泡的可能性越小。对比例中,在Tg处会出现更高的冷却点(UCP)。
用常规方法以玻璃管制备的大功率钨卤素灯用于灯测试。这些灯在700℃的灯泡温度下连续工作。确定玻璃灯泡开始发黑之前的持续时间。A5的测试值很好,而V1出现灯泡膨胀现象。
表III
A5 | V1 | |
SiO2 | 60.7 | 56.8 |
Al2O3 | 16.5 | 16.4 |
B2O3 | 0.3 | 4.7 |
MgO | 5.7 | 5.8 |
CaO | 7.8 | 7.8 |
SrO | - | - |
BaO | 8.0 | 8.0 |
ZrO2 | 1.0 | - |
CeO2 | - | - |
Br- | - | - |
Na2O | 0.011 | 0.028 |
K2O | 0.006 | 0.018 |
H2O[wt%] | 0.01 | 0.017 |
热膨胀20/300[10-6/k] | 4.37 | 4.52 |
Tg[℃] | 781 | 721(UCP) |
再起泡温度[℃] | 1490 | n.d. |
此外,优选碱土氧化物(RO)的总量不少于21wt%,但不超过24wt%。超出该范围,热膨胀和粘度值均会偏离要求值。
而且CaO,SrO和MgO的总量与BaO的重量比((CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO)应在1.45至1.75之间,最好在1.65和1.75之间。
还认为MgO与CaO的重量比很重要;因此,MgO/CaO要总是大于0,优选小于0.8,否则玻璃的结晶稳定性不足以进行玻璃管拉伸。
与上述的高压灯用的现有技术玻璃,即GE180,Corning1725或Schott8253玻璃(有两元碱土氧化物系(BaO、CaO))相比,本发明的三元碱土氧化物(BaO、CaO、MgO)混合物的离子迁移较慢,因此认为本发明优于现有技术。另外本发明玻璃的制造中的重点也包括消除或减少碱杂质使其达最少量。即钠、锂和/或钾的量应保持在0.05wt%以下。因此,本发明提供了特别优于现有技术玻璃的五元成分硅铝酸盐系(SiO2,Al2O3,BaO,CaO,MgO),即在卤素循环下工作的灯的内表面上没有溴的反应生成物,因此能工作更长的时间,而且,能减少或消除非被动性损坏,该灯可清洁地点亮直至灯的寿命正常终结。
这里已展示和说明了本发明的优选实施例。本行业的技术人员会发现,还含有各种变化和改型出现,但是,这些变化和改型不会偏离由所附权利要求书规定的本发明的范围。
Claims (11)
1.在85伏以上电压下工作的长寿命卤素循环白炽灯,包括:把灯丝密封在内的透明玻璃封壳;连接灯丝并伸出所述封壳再连接到85伏以上电压电源的一对引线;以及在至少3个大气压下填入所述封壳内的含卤素填充气体,所述封壳由碱土金属硅铝酸盐玻璃构成,该玻璃的主要成分包括:58以上至64wt%的SiO2,14至17.5wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3,1至7wt%的MgO,5.5至14wt%的CaO,6至17wt%的BaO,0至1.5wt%的ZrO2和0至8wt%的SrO,其中,(CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO的重量比为1.45-1.75。
2.按权利要求1的白炽灯,其中,所述卤素是溴。
3.按权利要求1的白炽灯,其中,所述压力最高达8个大气压。
4.按权利要求3的白炽灯,工作时,该灯的封壳的壁温高于500℃。
5.按权利要求1的白炽灯,其中,所述B2O3的含量为0.2至0.7wt%。
6.按权利要求1的白炽灯,其中,ZrO2的量是0.05至1wt%。
7.一种硅铝酸盐玻璃,含有:58以上至64wt%的SiO2,14至17.5wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3,1至7wt%的MgO,5.5至14wt%的CaO,6至17wt%的BaO和0至8wt%的SrO,其中,(CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO的重量比为1.45-1.75。
8.按权利要求7的硅铝酸盐玻璃,其中还含最高1.5wt%的ZrO2。
9.按权利要求7的硅铝酸盐玻璃,含有:58以上至64wt%的SiO2,14至17.5wt%的Al2O3,0至1wt%的B2O3,1至7wt%的MgO,5.5至14wt%的CaO,6至17wt%的BaO,0至8wt%的SrO,0至1.5wt%的ZrO2,0至0.3wt%的CeO2和0至0.5wt%的TiO2,其中,(CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO的重量比为1.45-1.75。
10.按权利要求9的硅铝酸盐玻璃,含有:59至61wt%的SiO2,15.3至17.2wt%的Al2O3,0.3至0.05wt%的B2O3,1至6.5wt%的MgO,5.9至13.5wt%的CaO,6.5以上至9.5wt%的BaO,0至8wt%的SrO,0.05至1wt%的ZrO2,0至0.3wt%的CeO2和0至0.5wt%的TiO2,其中,(CaO+SrO+MgO)/BaO的重量比为1.45-1.75。
11.按权利要求10的硅铝酸盐玻璃,含有:60.7wt%的SiO2,16.5wt%的Al2O3,0.3wt%的B2O3,5.7wt%的MgO,7.8wt%的CaO,8wt%的BaO,1wt%的ZrO2,0至0.3wt%的CeO2和0至0.5wt%的TiO2。
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US94856597A | 1997-10-10 | 1997-10-10 | |
US08/948,565 | 1997-10-10 | ||
DE19747355.5 | 1997-10-27 | ||
DE1997147355 DE19747355C1 (de) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Thermisch hochbelastbares Glas für Lampenkolben und dessen Verwendung |
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US6069100A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2000-05-30 | Schott Glas | Glass for lamb bulbs capable of withstanding high temperatures |
DE10006305C2 (de) * | 2000-02-12 | 2002-08-01 | Schott Rohrglas Gmbh | Thermisch hochbelastbares Glas für Lampenkolben und seine Verwendung |
DE10022769A1 (de) | 2000-05-05 | 2001-11-08 | Telux Lampenrohr Gmbh | Thermisch hoch belastbare Alumoerdalkalisilikatgläser für Lampenkolben und Verwendung |
DE10034985C1 (de) † | 2000-07-19 | 2001-09-06 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminosilicatgläsern, Aluminosilicatgläser sowie deren Verwendungen |
US6653782B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-11-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Fuse and safety switch for halogen incandescent lamps |
DE10204150A1 (de) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-14 | Schott Glas | Erdalkalialuminosilicatglas und Verwendung |
DE10204149C1 (de) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-07-10 | Schott Glas | Erdalkalialuminosilicatglas für Lampenkolben sowie Verwendung |
DE102004044364A1 (de) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Glühlampe |
CN101080804B (zh) * | 2005-01-04 | 2012-03-28 | 肖特股份公司 | 用于具有外置电极的发光器件的玻璃 |
DE102005012487A1 (de) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Halogenglühlampe |
WO2012063643A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-05-18 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 無アルカリガラス |
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CA2625915C (en) | 2009-06-23 |
WO1999014794A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
WO1999014794A9 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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CA2301579A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
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EP2374765A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
HK1031950A1 (en) | 2001-06-29 |
EP2236470B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
EP1012873A4 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
CA2625915A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
CA2301579C (en) | 2008-12-02 |
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AU9226598A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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