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CN1390121A - 硫酸吗啡微粒,其制备方法及含有该物质的组合物 - Google Patents

硫酸吗啡微粒,其制备方法及含有该物质的组合物 Download PDF

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CN1390121A
CN1390121A CN00808605A CN00808605A CN1390121A CN 1390121 A CN1390121 A CN 1390121A CN 00808605 A CN00808605 A CN 00808605A CN 00808605 A CN00808605 A CN 00808605A CN 1390121 A CN1390121 A CN 1390121A
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D·马里可
P·欧里
P·萨普里
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Abstract

本发明涉及新的微粒形式的硫酸吗啡持续释放的口服制剂。每个微粒含有用活性层和持续释放层包衣的中性载体颗粒,其特征在于持续释放层含有异丁烯酸及异丁烯酸甲酯的共聚物,其游离羧基和酯基的相对比例大约等于0.5,和显示疏水特性的二氧化硅。本发明也涉及制备这些微粒的方法,该方法通过涂布中性载体颗粒完全在水性介质中进行。

Description

硫酸吗啡微粒,其制备方法及含有该物质的组合物
本发明涉及新的用于口服给药的持续释放的硫酸吗啡制剂。
本发明也致力于制备此制剂的方法和含有该制剂的药物制剂。
在本申请中,“硫酸吗啡”意指任选水合的(5α,6α)-7,8-二脱氢-4,5-环氧-17-甲基吗啡喃-3,6-二醇的硫酸盐。
硫酸吗啡的口服给药是解除慢性疼痛的最适宜的治疗方法。在现有技术中记载了许多硫酸吗啡的口服制剂。
EP 205 282(EUROCELTIQUE)涉及含有硫酸吗啡、脂族醇和水溶性羟烷基纤维素的颗粒。
这些颗粒用粘合纤维素衍生物如羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣,并表现出超过12小时的释放特性(release profile),血浆的峰值位于1-3小时之间。
EP 377 518(FAULDING)公开了含有极其水溶的活性成分如吗啡的持续释放颗粒。此颗粒使血浆水平能够在高于最大值75%的水平上保持至少3小时。
这些颗粒含有用允许活性成分在延长的时间期间内在强酸性pH下缓慢释放、在弱酸性至碱性pH下恒定快速持续释放的聚合物层包衣的活性核。
该聚合层含有3种化合物:在任何pH下均不溶解的聚合物基质,其溶解性取决于pH的肠溶性聚合物和在酸性介质中可溶的聚合物。
EP 377 518记载的制剂具有每日至少需要给药2次的生物利用度。
EP 553 392(EUROCELTIQUE)的主题是制备稳定的持续释放的由颗粒组成的制剂的方法,所述颗粒是如下得到的:在流化空气床中将活性成分的水溶液喷雾在中性颗粒上,然后用HPMC包衣,用对于降低颗粒附聚所需要的丙烯酸聚合物和保护性膜进行包衣。
EP 636 366(EUROCELTIQUE)公开了持续释放的硫酸吗啡微粒,其含有用活性层包衣的中性核,该活性层由活性成分/HPMC混合物、由EudragitRS D和/或EudragitRL D组成的持续释放层以及HPMC膜组成,它占颗粒质量的5%。
在文献EP 533 392和EP 636 366中,颗粒在高于聚合包衣的玻璃化转变温度下经受热处理,以使其结构稳定。此热处理在大约45℃下进行至少24小时,它大大延长了制备的周期。
EP 647 448(EUROCELTIQUE)公开了硫酸吗啡颗粒,其体外溶解特性持续24小时。颗粒由用活性成分和乳糖包衣的中性颗粒组成。活性层用Opadry膜包衣,然后用Aquacoat ECD 30、Eudragit RS 30 D或Eudragit RS/Eudragit RL的混合物(97.5/2.5)进行包衣。本文献记载的颗粒的滴定度非常低,在15%的数量级。
US5,445,829(KV Pharmaceutical)涉及一种制剂,它能专门在给药后12-24小时之间释放活性成分。
此制剂含有0-50%速溶颗粒(immediate particles)和由用作为延迟聚合物的纤维素衍生物包衣的速溶颗粒组成的控制释放颗粒的补足物。
WO 94/22431(KAPIPHARMACIA)公开了吗啡盐的控制释放制剂。
此制剂可以以单一的日剂量给药。在32小时内,血浆浓度高于Cmax/2,在此期间内释放曲线的波动非常小,因而在24小时内血浆浓度实际上是恒定的。
WO 94/22431公开的制剂由例如用HPMC/EC膜和柠檬酸三乙酯膜包衣的颗粒组成,该颗粒含有吗啡盐、乳糖和粘合剂组成的核。
此制剂使用两种聚合物的混合物,一种是水溶性的,另一种为水不溶性的。
WO 95/31972(EUROCELTIQUE)公开了由用活性成分和水合乳糖包衣的中性核组成的持续释放的硫酸吗啡颗粒,其堆密度为0.4-0.9g/ml。包裹活性成分的延迟释放层含有例如丙烯酸聚合物、烷基纤维素、氢化植物油或其混合物。
本文献指出硫酸吗啡与中性核之间的粘合需要加入乳糖作为稀释剂。
以实施例的方式给出的微粒的释放曲线显示这些颗粒适合于每日以单剂量摄入。
WO 96/14059(EUROCELTIQUE)公开了压制含有硫酸吗啡、熔点为35-150℃的载体和持续释放剂的球形颗粒的方法。
载体是氢化植物油或PEG(Mw1000-20,000)。这些颗粒在24小时内的体外溶解特性为67%。未提供体外结果。
WO/960066(ALZA)记载了含有硫酸吗啡、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚环氧烷的组合物。
此文献宣称该制剂提供了超时持续释放,但未给出体外或体内的实施例,因而通过阅读此文献来估计每日应给药一或多次是困难的。
本发明的主题涉及持续释放的硫酸吗啡微粒,每个颗粒均含有用活性层和持续释放层包衣的中性载体颗粒,其特征在于持续释放层含有异丁烯酸及异丁烯酸甲酯的共聚物,其游离的羧基和酯基团的相对比例大约等于0.5,和显示疏水性质的二氧化硅。
疏水性二氧化硅有利地占微粒重量的0.2-1%。AerosilR 972优选作为疏水性二氧化硅。
本发明微粒特别显示不使用保护性膜包衣持续释放层的优点。另外,不必使微粒象现有技术所述的为改善持续释放层的结构而经历非常长时间的热处理(长于24小时)。
丙烯酸共聚物有利地占微粒重量的5-15%。
硫酸吗啡和中性载体颗粒的相对质量比优选为40/60-60/40。
硫酸吗啡有利地占微粒质量的30-40%。
用活性层包衣的中性载体颗粒优选含有40-50%的硫酸吗啡和10-20%药学上可接受的粘合剂。
持续释放层优选含有增塑剂和润滑剂。增塑剂和润滑剂选自本领域技术人员熟知的药学上可接受的增塑剂和润滑剂。例如增塑剂为柠檬酸三乙酯。
本发明微粒有利地具有以下组成:
          硫酸吗啡           30-40%
          中性载体颗粒       30-40%
          粘合剂             10-20%
          异丁烯酸共聚物     5-15%
          增塑剂             1-2.5%
          润滑剂             2-4%
          疏水性二氧化硅     0.2-1%
中性载体颗粒的粒度为200-1000μm,优选400-600μm。
本发明还涉及制备上述微粒的方法。本方法完全在水性介质中进行。它包括在水溶液中将活性成分置于中性载体颗粒上的步骤和同样在水溶液中用异丁烯酸共聚物包衣的步骤。
有利地,在穿孔的旋转汽轮式混合器或流化空气床中制备所述颗粒。涂层(emplacing)和包衣溶液和/或悬浮液的喷雾优选连续进行,并随后在30-65℃下进行干燥步骤。
本发明颗粒不必经历为使膜结构令人满意的热处理。
本发明最后涉及含有任选地由上述方法得到的本发明微粒的药物组合物。
以下例子将说明本发明但不限制其范围。
百分比以重量百分比表示。
附图代表本发明4个制剂的体外溶解曲线(曲线1,2,3和4)的平均值。溶解百分比在X-轴,时间(小时)在Y-轴上。
实例例1(A批)
●颗粒的制备
制备了含有74.7%纯化水、6.6%Pharmacoat 603(羟丙基甲基纤维素)和18.7%硫酸吗啡的涂层溶液(emplacing solution)。保持搅拌直至溶液均匀,然后进行涂层(emplacing)。
将中性载体颗粒(400-600μm)置于穿孔的旋转汽轮式混合器中。在35-60℃的温度下,借助于热空气,连续地喷雾上述涂层溶液,将活性成分涂布于中性颗粒上。
使所得活性微粒批量产物(mass)经筛目大小为0.71-0.85mm的筛网过筛。
向纯化水中依次加入EudragitRS 30 D(异丁烯酸共聚物)、柠檬酸三乙酯、滑石和AerosilR 972(疏水性二氧化硅)制备得到包衣溶液。保持此悬浮液的搅拌直至混合物变得均匀,然后进行包衣。
将活性微粒置于穿孔的旋转汽轮式混合器中,并在30℃用上述包衣悬浮液连续喷雾。使得到的微粒批量产物经筛目大小为0.8-1mm的筛网过筛。
此步骤可以重复一或多次。然后用滑石润滑颗粒,滑石用量为所得的包衣批量产物的0.5%。
所得微粒具有如下组成:
    A批
  数量mg   %(质量)
硫酸吗啡     12.5     37.3
中性颗粒     12.5     37.3
 Pharmacoat 603     4.4     13.0
 Eudragit RS 30 D     2.7     8.2
柠檬酸三乙酯     0.5     1.6
滑石     0.7     2.1
 Aerosil R972     0.1     0.4
含量(mg/g)              371
●体外溶解试验
在带有以100转/分钟旋转的桨的仪器中,将前面得到的微粒溶解在37℃的500ml水中。在两个波长285nm和310nm下测定紫外吸收读数。
    A批
时间(小时)     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9     10     15     20
溶解百分比     6.6     20.8     38.8     55.8     69.9     79.9     86.3     90.7     93.2     94.8     97.8     98.3
A批的体外溶解曲线由图中的曲线3表示。
●微粒的明胶胶囊的稳定性试验(A1批)
在25℃和60%相对湿度的储存条件下,测定前述得到的并装入每个含有60mg硫酸吗啡的3号明胶胶囊中的微粒的稳定性,时间为24个月。
可以观察到微粒的水含量平均稳定在6%,明胶胶囊的外观令人满意,活性成分的滴定度符合标准(in compliance)并且是均匀的。
随着时间的过去,溶解曲线相当稳定。
24个月后,假吗啡和阿朴吗啡(ampomorphine)杂质的含量符合标准(即小于0.5%)。
还对同样的明胶胶囊在40℃和75%相对湿度条件下的稳定性进行了6个月的考察。
可以观察到活性成分的滴定度符合标准并且是均匀的。在6个月期间溶解是稳定的,而且水含量也是稳定的。
稳定性结果示于下表。
    体外溶解百分比(A1批)储存条件25℃,60%RH
  小时     T0     1M     3M     6M     9M     12M     18M     24M
    124681216     7.821.655.278.989.996.096.4     7.421.957.381.793.4100.2100.6     7.723.260.283.793.898.899.8     7.122.458.181.090.895.996.9     6.118.952.777.890.197.598.7     6.519.753.176.186.793.094.6     6.420.152.973.481.986.286.9     5.517.050.676.188.595.495.4
    体外溶解百分比(A1批)储存条件40℃,75%RH
  小时   T0   1M     2M     3M     6M
    124681216     7.821.655.278.989.996.096.4     6.019.857.183.194.3100.1101.5     5.919.757.381.892.197.598.0     6.119.757.081.992.998.799.6     6.321.058.783.294.0100.3102.4
    活性成分含量(A1批)
T0 1M   2M   3M   6M   9M  12M  18M  24M
25℃,60%RH  mg/明胶胶囊偏差% 59.0- 58.4-1.0 -- 56.7-3.9 59.30.5 58.1-1.5 58.0-1.7 57.6-2.4 57.0-3.4
40℃,75%RH  mg/明胶胶囊偏差% 59.00 57.42.7 58.7-0.5 57.5-2.5 58.4-1.0 -- -- -- --
    水含量(karl Fisher)(A1批)
  T0   1M     2M   3M   6M    9M   12M   18M   24M
    25℃,60%RH 6.1% 5.9% - 5.9% 6.1% 4.8% 6.1% 6.1% 5.9%
    40℃,75%RH 6.1% 6.6% 6.0% 5.3% 6.8% - - - -
·药物动力学研究1
对24名健康志愿者7天重复剂量给药后,将A1批明胶胶囊的生物利用度与参照吗啡制剂(含有30mg剂量)进行比较。
    血浆浓度
    吗啡     6(葡糖苷酸)吗啡
微粒的明胶胶囊(A1批)60mg 参照物(S1079批)30mg 微粒的明胶胶囊(A1批)60mg 参照物(S1079批)30mg
  Cmax(ng/ml)*     18.3     12.8     77.6     59.2
  Cmin(ng/ml)**     7.9     6.8     31.0     30.4
    Tmax(h)*     5     5     6     3
*平均值
**中位值
已注意到,在第7天,来自本发明明胶胶囊24小时的吗啡血浆浓度高于来自参照物12小时的吗啡血浆浓度(+1.1ng/ml),这是在24小时内有好的药物覆盖的迹象。
·药物动力学研究2
对健康志愿者给予60mg的单一剂量后,将A1批明胶胶囊的生物利用度与参照吗啡制剂进行比较。
A2批的明胶胶囊的大小为3号,每个明胶胶囊含有60mg剂量的硫酸吗啡。
    血浆浓度
    吗啡     6(葡糖苷酸)吗啡
本发明微粒的明胶胶囊(A2批) 现有技术的参照物(S1055批) 本发明微粒的明胶胶囊(A2批) 现有技术的参照物(S1055批)
  Cmax(ng/ml)*     6.97     13.16     64.0     114.8
  Cmin(ng/ml)**     6.0     2.0     5.0     3.0
  Tmax(h)*     218.9     186.9     1471.49     1536.5
*平均值
**中位值
本发明制剂和参照物在参数曲线下的面积是生物等效的,这证明两个产品有相等的吸收。相反地,本发明制剂的释放曲线比参照物显示更长的延迟释放特性,具有较迟的Tmax和较低的Cmax例2(B、C和D批)颗粒的制备按照实施例1的方案制备具有以下组成的颗粒。
    B批     C批     D批
  数量(kg) 质量百分比%   数量(kg) 质量百分比%   数量(kg) 质量百分比%
    硫酸吗啡中性颗粒Pharmacoat 603PEG 4000Eudragit RS 30 D柠檬酸三乙酯滑石Aerosil     13.715.44.8-3.20.61.00.1     35.139.712.3-8.21.62.60.40     31.026.010.8-5.11.01.70.2     40.934.314.3-6.71.32.20.3   728.8573.7204.151.0126.524.924.96.2     41.933.011.72.97.31.41.40.4
    含量(mg/g)     371.3     368.5     397.9
按照实施例1的方法在Glatt穿孔汽轮式混合器中制备B批产品,分别在O’Hara穿孔汽轮式混合器或Laf Huttlin中制备C批和D批产品。微粒的体外溶解试验
时间(h) 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  15  20  24
溶解%  B批 11.0  29.0  46.2  60.4  71.5  79.9  86.0  90.3  93.4  95.5  98.7  -  -
 C批 5.3  22.2  42.1  58.5  71.6  81.6  88.5  93.0  95.9  97.8  100.4   -   -
 D批 7.1  20.2  34.8  47.9  58.7  67.4  74.5  80.2  85.0  88.7  97   99.6   100.5
B、C和D批的体外溶解曲线分别用图中的曲线2、1和4表示。
微粒的明胶胶囊的溶解性试验
B2、B1、D1和C1批的明胶胶囊含有60mg硫酸吗啡。
    时间(h)   1  2   3  4   5   6  8  10   12  14
    溶解%    B1批   15.2  34.1   51.1  64.8   75.3   83.2  93.3  -   100.4  -
   C1批    6.5  24.1   -  60.3   -   81.9  92.2  96.3   97.4  98.5
·B2批明胶胶囊在25℃和60%相对湿度条件下的稳定性试验(B批微粒)
    T0     15D     1M     2M     3M     6M
水含量(%) - 5.50% 6.00% 6.16% 6.00% 6.02%
溶解(小时)1234567812 21.245.163.576.185.291.395.598.2102.2 19.243.162.075.785.291.695.798.4102.9 14.729.542.954.464.071.978.283.696.3 6.922.136.749.460.168.876.081.593.1 15.635.753.367.177.384.890.394.1101.2 16.637.955.869.379.386.591.595.0101.0
·D1批明胶胶囊在40℃和75%相对湿度条件下的稳定性试验(D批微粒)
    T0     15D     1M     2M     3M     6M
水含量(%) 6.19% 6.40% 6.29% 6.20% 6.30% 6.38%
溶解(小时)12345681012 11.828.745.859.369.877.98 8.594.297 11.928.745.258.468.877.188.895.598.7 12.231.048.161.271.579.690.395.497.6 12.633.150.663.974.182.191.996.097.5 11.631.649.162.572.880.790.895.09 6.7 12.534.351.864.975.283.088.795.797.1

Claims (10)

1.持续释放的硫酸吗啡微粒,每个微粒均含有用活性层和持续释放层包衣的中性载体颗粒,其特征在于持续释放层含有异丁烯酸及异丁烯酸甲酯的共聚物,其游离羧基和酯基的相对比例大约等于0.5,和显示疏水性质的二氧化硅。
2.权利要求1所述的微粒,其特征在于疏水性二氧化硅占微粒重量的0.2-1%。
3.上述任一项权利要求所述的微粒,其特征在于丙烯酸共聚物有利地占微粒重量的5-15%。
4.权利要求1-3任一项中所述的微粒,其特征在于用活性层包衣的中性载体颗粒含有40-50%的硫酸吗啡和10-20%药学上可接受的粘合剂。
5.权利要求1-4任一项中所述的微粒,其特征在于持续释放层含有增塑剂,如柠檬酸三乙酯和润滑剂。
6.权利要求4和5所述的微粒,其特征在于它们的组成如下:
        硫酸吗啡                  30-40%
        中性载体颗粒              30-40%
        粘合剂                    10-20%
        异丁烯酸共聚物            5-15%
        增塑剂                    1-2.5%
        润滑剂                    2-4%
        疏水性二氧化硅            0.2-1%
7.上述任一项权利要求所述的微粒,其特征在于硫酸吗啡和中性载体颗粒的相对质量比为40/60-60/40。
8.上述任一项权利要求所述的微粒,其特征在于硫酸吗啡占微粒质量的30-40%。
9.制备权利要求1-8任一项中所述微粒的方法,其特征在于通过在水溶液中的涂布,将活性层和持续释放层涂覆到中性颗粒上。
10.含有任选地由权利要求9所述方法得到的权利要求1-8任一项中所述微粒的药物组合物。
CNB008086052A 1999-06-09 2000-06-08 硫酸吗啡微粒,其制备方法及含有该物质的组合物 Expired - Lifetime CN1267089C (zh)

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