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CN1229336C - 在制备光学活性2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物中用作中间体的光学活性化合物 - Google Patents

在制备光学活性2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物中用作中间体的光学活性化合物 Download PDF

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CN1229336C
CN1229336C CNB031458513A CN03145851A CN1229336C CN 1229336 C CN1229336 C CN 1229336C CN B031458513 A CNB031458513 A CN B031458513A CN 03145851 A CN03145851 A CN 03145851A CN 1229336 C CN1229336 C CN 1229336C
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alkyl
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phenyl
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CN1480451A (zh
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J-P·巴斯科
A·加德拉
G·拉克鲁瓦
J·佩雷
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Bayer LLC
Bayer CropScience SA
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Ronnie Planck Agricultural Chemical Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及在制备光学活性的2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物和这些化合物在农业上可接受的成盐形式中特别用作中间体的光学活性化合物,其结构式为:见右式,其中各基团的定义如说明书和权利要求书中所述。

Description

在制备光学活性2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物 中用作中间体的光学活性化合物
本发明是中国专利申请号为99111998.3,申请日为1994年6月18日,发明名称为“在制备光学活性2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物中用作中间体的化合物”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及在制备光学活性2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物中用作中间体的光学活性化合物。
背景技术
由2-咪唑啉-5-酮和2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生的外消旋化合物在欧洲专利申请EP551048和EP599749,及国际申请WO94/01410中有披露。
目前已发现这些化合物中的一种光学异构体具有大大地高于其它异构体和其外消旋变体的生物学活性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供在制备新颖的2-咪唑啉-5-酮和2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮衍生物中用作中间体的光学活性化合物。
现已发现这个目的可通过本发明的产物来实现,所述产物为光学活性的2-咪唑啉-5-酮或2-咪唑啉-5-硫酮,其通式如下:
Figure C0314585100051
其中:
-W为氧或硫原子或S=O基;
-M为氧或硫原子,或任选的卤代CH2基;
-p为0或1的整数
*指相应于特定立体构型的不对称碳原子;
-R1和R2是不同的,为:
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或卤代烷基或
-含2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,烷硫代烷基,烷磺酰烷基,单烷氨烷基,链烯基或炔基或
-含3-7个碳原子的二烷氨烷基或环烷基或
-芳基,包括任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基,萘基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡啶基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,喹啉基,异喹啉基或亚甲基二氧苯基,或
-芳烷基,芳氧烷基,芳硫代烷基或芳磺酰烷基,芳基和烷基的定义如前所述或
-R1和R2可与碳原子形成使它们键合在环上的含5-7个原子的碳环或杂环,将这些环稠合至任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基中是可能的;
-R3
-当p为0或(M)P为CH2基时,为氢或任选的卤代C1-C2烷基,
-当(M)P为氧或硫原子时,为任选的卤代C1-C2烷基;
-R4为:
-氢原子或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或
-含2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,烷硫代烷基,卤代烷基,氰烷基,氰硫烷基,链烯基或炔基或
-含3-6个碳原子的二烷氨烷基,烷氧羰烷基或N-烷基氨基甲酰基烷基或
-含4-8个碳原子的N,N-二烷基氨基甲酰基烷基或
-芳基,包括任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基,萘基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,喹啉基,异喹啉基或亚甲基二氧苯基,或
-芳烷基,芳氧烷基,芳硫烷基或芳磺酰烷基,芳基和烷基的定义如前所述;
-R5为:
-除了当R4为H时,R5为H,或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基,卤代烷基,烷磺酰基或卤代烷磺酰基或
-含2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,烷硫代烷基,酰基,链烯基,炔基,卤代酰基,烷氧羰基,卤代烷氧羰基,烷氧烷磺酰基或氰烷磺酰基或
-含3-6个碳原子的烷氧烷氧羰基,烷硫代烷氧羰基或氰烷氧羰基或
-甲酰基或
-含3-6个碳原子的环烷基,烷氧酰基,烷硫代酰基,氰酰基,链烯羰基或炔羰基或
-含4-8个碳原子的环烷羰基或
-苯基;芳烷羰基,特别是苯乙酰基和苯丙酰基;芳基羰基,特别是任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团所取代的苯甲酰基;噻吩羰基;呋喃羰基;吡啶羰基;苄氧羰基;糠基氧羰基;四氢糠基氧羰基;噻吩甲氧羰基;吡啶甲氧羰基;苯氧羰基或(苯硫代)羰基,苯基本身任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代;(烷硫代)羰基;(卤代烷硫代)羰基;(烷氧基烷基硫代)羰基;(氰烷基硫代)羰基;(苄硫代)羰基;(糠基硫代)羰基;(四氢糠基硫代)羰基;(噻吩基甲硫代)羰基;(吡啶甲硫代)羰基或芳磺酰基或
-任选地被下述基团单或二取代的氨基甲酰基,下述基团包括:
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或卤代烷基或
-含3-6个碳原子的环烷基,链烯基或炔基或
-含2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,烷硫代烷基或氰烷基或
-任选地被1-3个R6基团取代的苯基;
-任选地被下述基团单或二取代的氨磺酰基,下述基团包括:
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或卤代烷基或
-含3-6个碳原子的环烷基,链烯基或炔基或
-含2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,烷硫代烷基或氰烷基或
-任选地被1-3个R6基团取代的苯基;
-含3-8个碳原子的烷基硫代烷基磺酰基或含3-7个碳原子的环烷磺酰基;
-R4和R5也可与他们连在一起的氮原子一起形成连接于氮原子上的,可任选地被含1-3个碳原子烷基取代的吡咯烷并基(pyrrolidino),哌啶子基,吗啉代基或哌嗪并基(piperazino);
-R6为:
-卤素原子或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基,卤代烷基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,烷硫代基,卤代烷硫代基或烷磺酰基或
-含3-6个碳原子的环烷基,卤代环烷基,链烯氧基,炔氧基,链烯硫代基或炔基硫代基或
-硝基或氰基或
-任选地被含1-6个碳原子的烷基或酰基或被含2-6个碳原子的烷氧羰基单或二取代的氨基
-苯基,苯氧基或吡啶氧基,这些基团任选地被1-3个相同或不同的选自R7的基团所取代;
-R7
-选自氟,氯,溴或碘的卤素原子,或
-含1-6个碳原子的直链或带支链的烷基,或
-含1-6个碳原子的直链或带支链的烷氧基或烷基硫代基,
-含1-6个碳原子的直链或带支链的卤代烷氧基或卤代烷硫
代基,或
-腈基,或
-硝基。
本发明也涉及上述化合物在农业上可接受的成盐形式。
按本发明的较佳变体,本发明光学活性化合物具有下述通式II:
Figure C0314585100091
其中各种符号的意义如式I中所述。
因此,选自式II化合物(其中W为氧原子)的本发明化合物是有利的。
根据两种方法的变体A和B所描述的式I化合物的制备方法在下述段落中披露。出现在这些制备方法描述中的式I中代表的符号,除了对它们另有定义外,保持如本发明通常定义的含义。
下述实施例列举了式I的光学活性衍生物和它们的制备方法。
使用至少一种下述光谱技术来测定列举的所有衍生物的结构特征:质子核磁共振光谱测定法,碳-13核磁共振光谱测定法,红外光谱测定法和质谱法,以及常用的测量旋光度的方法。对映体的过剩物可由手性相的高效液相色谱法或核磁共振来测定。
在下述表中,苯基,甲基和乙基分别由Ph,Me和Et来表示。
变体A
第一阶段
在该变体的第一阶段中,描述了从α-氨基酸来制备式I的光学异构体,所述α-氨基酸是光学纯净的或在对映体中的一种特别丰富、在特定对映体中特别丰富的光学活性化合物应理解为这种对映体含至少80%,较好地95%的这种化合物。
式I的光学异构体基于(M)P-R3基的含义,按三系列的方法来制备。
1)式I化合物(其中p=1,M=S,和W=O)的制备
式I化合物(其中p=1,M=S和W=O)由将式III化合物与结构式为R3X的化合物反应而制备,其中X为氯,溴或碘原子或硫酸根或烷磺酰氧基或芳磺酰氧基,烷基和芳基如上述R1和R2的定义,所述式III化合物的结构式为:
Figure C0314585100101
其中W为氧原子,反应在溶剂中和在碱存在下进行。可以作为碱使用的醇盐,例如,叔丁醇钾,碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物,碱金属碳酸盐或叔胺。可以作为溶剂使用的为醚类,环醚类,烷基酯,乙腈,含1-3个碳原子的醇类或芳族溶剂,例如四氢呋喃,在-5℃-+80℃温度下反应。
上述方法的变体在于使用所谓的如欧洲专利申请EP551048中披露的“-罐煮”(one-pot)过程(示意图1),该方法在于直接从式IV的异硫氰酸酯开始,在如上所述的溶剂中和碱存在下用式V化合物处理所述异硫氰酸酯,不经分离成盐形式的式IIIa中间体,而直接用式R3X化合物处理之,其中X的定义如上所述。
                    (示意图1)
具体实施方式
实施例1:(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-2-甲基硫代-4-苯基-1-苯 氨基-2-咪唑啉-5-酮(化合物No.1)
将溶于4l无水四氢呋喃的682g(3.08mol)(+)-(2S)-2-苯基-2-(异氰硫基)丙酸甲酯在氩气流通过下引入至20l反应器中。冷却至15℃。在30分钟内加入溶于2l四氢呋喃中的343g(3.08mol)苯肼,温度保持在15℃-18℃。将混合物搅拌40分钟,然后冷却至0℃,在1小时内加入溶于4l四氢呋喃中的346g(3.08mol)叔丁醇钾溶液,温度保持在0℃,将混合物在0℃时再搅拌2小时,发现有淡粉红色沉淀生成,在15分钟内加入218ml(3.39mol)甲基碘,温度保持在0℃-3℃,然后在继续搅拌2小时的同时使温度升至室温,将反应混合物倒入5l水中,分层后,水相用3l乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并的有机相用5l水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在减压下浓缩,获得1099g棕色固体,后者在2l甲苯中重结晶。
干燥后,获得555g熔点为138℃,灰白色固体状(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-2-甲硫代-4-苯基-1-苯氨基-2-咪唑啉-5-酮(产率=58%;[α]D 27℃=+61.1°(+或-2.9°)(c=0.86在乙醇中);对映体过剩度(e.e)>98%)。
以相同方式,可获得下述结构式IIa的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100121
  化合物No.   R4   R6   [α]D(c)溶剂   M.p.(℃)   Yd(%)
  1   Ph   H   +61°(0.8)EtOH   138   58
  11   Ph   4-F   +53°(0.7)EtOH   114   60
  12   Ph   4-F   (-)   114   66
  13   3-FPh   4-F   +52°(0.7)EtOH   130   70
  14   3-FPh   4-F   (-)   -   -
  15   Ph   4-(4-FPh)O   (+)   138   45
  16   Ph   4-(4-FPh)O   -13°(0.4)EtOH   139   71
式III化合物(其中W为氧原子)可由式IV的异硫氰酸酯与式V化合物经成环反应而制备,所述式IV化合物的结构式为:
Figure C0314585100131
其中R为C1-C4烷基,所述式V化合物的结构式为:
成环反应可以下述两种方式进行:
-以加热的方式:在这种情况下,将反应混合物在芳烃溶剂如甲苯,二甲苯或氯苯中加热至110℃和180℃之间。
-在碱性介质中进行的方式:成环反应在1当量碱如碱金属醇盐,碱金属氢氧化物或叔胺存在下进行,在这种情况下,成环在-10-+80℃的温度下进行。可以作为溶剂使用的特别是醚类,环醚类,醇类,酯类,DMF或DMSO。
实施例2:(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-4-苯基-1-苯氨基-2-乙内硫脲(化合物No.7)
在干燥氮气氛下,在100ml三颈烧瓶中引入稀释于15ml无水四氢呋喃中的0.7g(0.00316mol)(+)-(2S)-2-异氰硫基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯。在20℃时一次性加入稀释于5ml四氢呋喃中的0.32ml(0.00316mol)苯肼。保持介质在磁力搅拌器下搅拌30分钟,出现暗米色沉淀。用0.4ml乙酸中和介质,然后用20ml水处理。分层后,水相用20ml乙醚萃取3次。合并有机相,用30ml水洗涤2次,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在减压下浓缩,将获得的残渣在硅胶柱上进行色谱层析,使用庚烷和乙酸乙酯组成比为50/50的洗脱剂混合物进行洗脱。
收集到0.55g熔点为167℃米色固体状(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-4-苯基-1-苯氨基-2-乙内酰硫脲(产率=58%;[α]D 27℃=186℃(+或-3.2℃)(c=0.8在甲醇中))。
式IV异硫氰酸酯可按Sulfur Reports,Vol.8(5),p 327-375(1989)中所述的方法,由式VI的α-氨基酸经式X的氨基酯以在本技术领域中熟知的方法来制备,所述式VI和式X的化合物的结构式如下:
Figure C0314585100141
Figure C0314585100142
实施例3:(+)-(2S)-2-异氰硫基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯(化合物 No.8)
在20l反应器中引入780g(3.61mol)(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯氢氯化物,然后再引入3.4l水,将温度升至20℃,加入3.4l甲苯,然后在1小时内为以分批方式加入911g(10.8mol)碳酸氢钠,将温度降至8-9℃,在2小时内加入276ml(3.61mol)硫光气,反应通过气体的放出和温度的升高而完成,在添加完毕时,反应达24℃,再搅拌反应介质2小时,分层后,水相用2l甲苯萃取。用4l水洗涤合并的甲苯相,然后用硫酸镁干燥,在减压下浓缩溶液。
获得682g略带颜色的油状物(+)-(2S)-2-异氰硫基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯(产率=85%;[α]D 29℃=+16℃(+或-6.4℃)(c=0.78在氯仿中))
以相同的方式,获得下述式IVa的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100151
  溶剂No.   R6   [α]D    (c)化合物   油状物   Yd(%)
  8   H   +16°(0.78)CHCl3   油状物   85
  17   4-F   (+)   油状物   72
  18   4-F   (-)   油状物   80
  19   4-(4-FPh)O   (+)   油状物   61
  20   4-(4-FPh)O   -11°(0.7)EtOH   油状物   70
结构X的氨基酯可以下述已知的方法获得:
-如由R.S.Atkinson et al.,在Tetrahedron,1992, 48,pp7713-30中所术,前手性化合物的非对映选择性胺化作用,然后对手性部分进行去保护作用。
-如由Y.Sugi和S.Mitsui,在Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan,1969,42,pp 2984-89中所述,用手性化合物分析相应的外消旋物。
-如由D.J.Cram et al.,在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1961, 83,pp2183-89中所述,手性氨基酸的酯化反应。
实施例4:(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯的氢氧化物(化 合物No.9)
将611g(3.7mol)(+)-2-氨基-苯基丙酸装入至101反应器中,加入5l甲醇,当白色悬浮物形成时在2小时内加入819ml(11.22mol)亚硫酰氯,在添加完毕时,温度达58℃,发现有大量气体放出,该气体被稀氢氧化钠溶液捕获,将反应介质在65℃时加热14小时,然后溶液在减压下浓缩,用1l甲苯处理获得的固体,过滤,然后在真空下干燥。
获得762g熔点为162℃,白色粉末状(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯氢氯化物(产率=62%;[α]D 29℃=+53.3°(+或-3.3°)(c=0.75在水中))。
以相同的方式获得下述式Xa的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100161
  化合物No.   R6   [α]D    (c)溶剂 物理状态   M.p.(℃)   Yd(%)
  9   H   +54°(0.91)CHCl3 白色晶体   162   62
  21   4-F   +61°(0.9)EtOH 白色固体   50-60   93
22 4-F (-) 白色固体 - 95
  21   4-(4-FPh)O   (+) 白色固体   -   87
  24   4-(4-FPh)O   (-) 白色固体   -   95
通过用1当量碳酸氢钠处理上述制备的氢氯化物并用二氯甲烷萃取之,获得(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸甲酯,它以无色,略粘油状物存在([α]D 29℃=54.8°(+或-2.7°)(c=0.9在氯仿中),e.e.>95%)。
2)式I光学异构体(其中p=1,M=0和W=0)的制备,
式I化合物(其中p=1,M=0和W=0按如欧洲专利申请EP599749中所述的方法,将式I(其中p=1,M=S)相应化合物与式R3OH醇在溶剂中,在强碱存在下,在50-80℃的温度下反应而制备,可以作为强碱使用的为碱金属醇盐R3O-Met+,其中Met+为碱金属或碱土金属,碱金属氢氧化物或强有机碱,反应较好地是使用醇R3OH作为溶剂,使用相应的醇钠R3O-Na+作为碱来进行的。
实施例5:(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-2-甲氧基-4-苯基-1-苯氨 基-2-咪唑啉-5-酮(化合物No.3)
在干燥氮气氛下,将80ml甲醇和切成薄片状的0.74g(0.032mol)钠引入至250ml,三颈圆底烧瓶中,然后加入5g(0.016mol)(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-2-甲硫代-4-苯基-1-苯氨基-2-咪唑啉-5-酮。将混合物回流20小时,将混合物冷至室温,然后用0.5ml乙酸酸化。在减压下蒸馏除去甲醇,然后将获得的残渣溶于50ml乙醚中,用40ml水洗涤3次,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在减压下浓缩溶液、获得微红色的蜜,用70/30的庚烷/乙酸乙酯混合物作为洗脱剂,在硅胶柱上进行色谱层析提纯之。
获得的2g熔点为132℃,淡粉红色粉末状(+)-(4S)-4-甲基-2-甲氧基-4-苯基-1-苯氨基-2-咪唑啉-5-酮(产率=42%;[α]D 25℃=+53.1°(+或-2.4°)(c=1在甲醇中);e.e.>98%)。
以相同的方式获得下述式Ib的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100181
  化合物No.   R4   R6   [α]D(c)溶剂   M.p.(℃)   Yd(%)
  3   Ph   H   +51°(1.0)MeOH   132   42
  25   Ph   4-F   +34°(0.5)   129   66
  26   Ph   4-F   -33°(0.5)EtOH   129   66
  27   3-FPh   4-F   +29°(0.5)EtOH   110   43
  28   3-FPh   4-F   (-)   -   -
  29   Ph   4-(4-FPh)O   (+)   玻璃   25
  30   Ph   4-(4-FPh)O   -12°(0.4)EtOH   玻璃   44
3)式I光学异构体(其中p=0)的制备:
式I化合物(其中p=0,R3为氢原子)由下述式VII化合物制得:
是通过将上述化合物与二甲基甲酰胺二甲基乙缩醛DMFDMA反应而制得,该反应是在10-100℃的温度下,在过量DMFDMA下进行的。
式VII化合物可由下述式VIII化合物制得:
是通过将上述化合物与式V化合物在-20-40℃的温度下,在环状或非环状醚的溶剂中,任选地在碱存在下进行反应而获得的,所述碱选自含氮有机碱如三乙胺或吡啶。
式VIII化合物可由式VIα-氨基酸经由S.Levine在J.Am.Chem.Soc.1953,Vol 76,P 1392中所述的方法获得。
式I光学活性化合物(其中R3任选地为卤代C1-C2烷基,其中p=0或p=1,M=CH2)可由下述式IX化合物获得:
其中R3为C1-C3烷基,
是通过将上述化合物与式V化合物在推断条件下通过模拟如由J.P.Branquet et al.在Bull,Soc.Chem.de France,1965,(10),pp 2942-2954文章中所述的方法反应制得的。
这篇相同的文章给出了在可由式VIα-氨基酸制得式IX化合物结束时的步骤。
第二阶段
制备用于上述阶段中的式VI光学纯或富含的α-氨基酸的方法的捷径在此第二阶段中具体描述。
这些α-氨基酸可按下述方法中的一种来制得:
-通过如由M.Chaari,A.Jenhi,J.P.Lavergne和P.Vialle-font在Tetrahedron,1991,Vol.4,p 4419-4630中所述的非对映选择性合成,然后抑制其手性部分。
-或通过可考虑由下述参考资料的方法所进行的外消旋酰胺的酶催化分析:
R.M.Kellog,E.M.Meijer et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1988,Vol 53,P 1826-1828
D.Rossi和A.Calcagni,Experimentia,1985,Vol.41,P 35-37,
-或通过手性氨基酸前体的水解,所述前体例如:
-如由Mackenzie和Clough在J.Chem.Soc.,1912,pp390-397,或由D.J.Cram et al.,在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1961, 83,PP 2183-89中所述的结构为XI的甲酰基氨基酸,
-如在公开的英国专利申请No.1,201,168中所述的结构式为XII的乙内酰脲:
Figure C0314585100211
通过拆开相应的外消旋变体和手性化合物可获得式XI或XII化合物,对于化合物XI如由Mackenzie和Clough,在J.Chem.Soc.,1912,PP390-397,或由D.J.Cram et al.,在J.Am ChemSoc.,1961, 83,pp 2183-89中所述的方法,或对于化合物XII如在公开的国际专利申请No.9,208,702中所述的方法。
实施例6:(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸(化合物No.10)
在1l压力锅中相继引入22g(0.115mol)(+)-(5S)-5-甲基-5-苯基乙内酰脲,100ml水和100ml 28%氨水。在160℃时加热反应介质15小时,冷却至室温后,在减压下浓缩溶液,用100ml乙酸乙酯处理2小时获得的白色固体,然后过滤并在80℃的真空下干燥。
收集到10.5g分解温度为266℃的白色粉末状(+)-(2S)-2-氨基-2-苯基丙酸(产率=55%;[α]D 27℃=+71.9°(+或-3.1°)(c=0.8在盐酸中))。
以相同的方式获得下述式VIa的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100221
  化合物No.   R6   [α]D(c)溶剂   M.p.(℃)   Yd(%)
  10   H   +72°(0.8)1N HCl   266   55
  11   4-F   (+)   -   44
  32   4-F   (-)   -   92
  33   4-(4-FPh)O   (+)   -   87
  34   4-(4-FPh)O   (-)   -   76
实施例9说明了式XII化合物的制备
实施例9:(+)-(5S)-5-甲基-5-苯基乙内酰脲(化合物No. 35)
将5.6g(0.139mol)氢氧化钠加入至70.0g(0.368mol)(5R,5S)-5-甲基-5-苯基乙内酰脲在2000ml水的搅拌悬浮液中,将所得溶液的温度升至40℃,然后加入44.6g(0.368mol)(+)-R-α-甲基苄胺。将所得溶液在50℃时保持0.75小时,3分钟后出现白色沉淀。在加热完毕时,使反应介质结晶24小时,然后过滤晶体,用70ml水洗涤,在空气流下气流干燥2小时,回收到45g白色固体;在10℃时将它放入220ml 1N盐酸中。搅拌获得的悬浮液2小时,然后过滤晶体,用100ml水洗涤并气流干燥,然后在50℃时的减压下干燥15小时,这样回收得到23g(0.121ml)熔点为242℃纯白固体状(+)-(5S)-5-甲基-5-苯基乙内酰脲(产率=66%;[α]D 29℃=+113(c=1.0在乙醇中))。
以相同的方式,但使用(-)-S-α-甲苄胺,回收得到熔点为248℃纯白固体状(-)-(5R)-5-甲基-5-苯基乙内酰脲(产率=54%;[α]D 29℃=+120(c=1.0在乙醇中))。
以相同的方式获得下述式XIIa的类似化合物:
Figure C0314585100241
  化合物No.   R6   [α]D(c)溶剂   M.p.(℃)   Yd(%)
35 H +113°(1.0)EtOH 242 66
  36   H   -120°(1.0)EtOH   248   54
  37   4-F   +111°(0.8)EtOH   230   44
  38   4-F   -114°(0.8)EtOH   230   31
  39   4-(4-FPh)O   +54°(0.5)EtOH   190   -
  40   4-(4-FPh)O   -57°(0.6)EtOH   189   40
变体B
按制备式I光学异构体方法的第二变化,该异构体由相应的外消旋化合物通过高效液体色谱法在手性固定相中获得,带D-苯甘氨酸接枝的Pirkle型手性固定相是较好的。
相应于式I的外消旋化合物按在本申请文本中引用的三篇专利申请中所述的方法制备。
下面实施例列举了按制备过程变体B获得的式I光学活性衍生物。
实施例7:下述结构式化合物的(+)和(-)对映体(化合物No.1和 2)的分离
Figure C0314585100251
相应的外消旋化合物按类似于前述专利申请EP551048实施例1中所述的过程制备,将该外消旋化合物溶于由正-庚烷,异丙醇和二氯甲烷组成的洗脱剂混合物中,所述洗脱剂三组份的重量比分别为93,5和2%。
将2.3ml这样获得的混合物注射入具有下述性能的手性,高效色谱柱;
-直径为100mm,长为250mm的Pirkle型柱;
-支持物:含离子化的D-苯甘氨酸接枝的5μm100硅胶。
选择的流动速率为10ml/min,检测器在250nm处作为UV检测,纯组份经分级分离和浓缩回收得到对映体纯化合物。
所得对映体的物理性能,即熔点M.P.,化合物溶于乙醇中(其浓度为每100ml0.5g)测量的旋光度[α]20滞留时间tR,在下述表中列出:
  化合物No.   M.p.(℃)   [α]D 20   tR分钟
  1   138   +60.7+or-1.3   5.73
  2   138   -59.6+or-0.9   6.55
实施例8:下式化合物的(+)和(-)对映体(化合物No.3和4)的分
Figure C0314585100261
相应的外消旋化合物按类似于上述专利申请EP 599749实施例1中的过程制备,相应的(+)和(-)对映体(分别为化合物No.3和4)按上述相同的方式分离获得,注入手性柱的体积为1.5ml,将化合物溶于甲醇后测量其旋光度及其它与上所述相同的物理性能,列于下表中:
  化合物No.   M.p.(℃)   [α]D 20   tR分钟
  3   132   +51.3+或-1.2   9.89
  4   132   -53.2+或-1.3   11.17
实施例10:下式化合物的(+)和(-)对映体(化合物No.5和6)的 分离:
Figure C0314585100271
相应的外消旋化合物按类似于前述专利申请EP599749实施例1中的过程制备,相应的(+)和(-)对映体(分别为化合物No.5和6)以上述相同的方式进行分离获得,所得结果列于下表中:
  化合物No.   M.p.(℃)   [α]D 20(c)溶剂 绝对构型
  5   202   +32.3°(c=0.5)MeOH   S
  6   202   -32.2°(c=0.5)MeOH   R
化合物No.1-4的绝对构型由与文献中所述相应α-氨基酸的绝对构型的化学相关性所确定,化合物No.5和6的绝对构型由X-射线结晶学确定。
本发明的另一个目的是提供特别用作制备式I化合物中间体的光学活性化合物。这些中间体的结构式为III,IV,VI,VII,VIII和X:
Figure C0314585100282
Figure C0314585100283
Figure C0314585100285
其中R1-R5的定义与本发明通式I中的相同,
和结构式为IX的化合物:
Figure C0314585100287
其中R1和R2的定义如上,R3为任选的卤代C1-C3烷基,
及结构式为XIIb的化合物。
其中R2的定义如上,R6为苯基,苯氧基或吡啶氧基,这些基团可任选地被1-3个相同或不同的选自上述R7的基团所取代。
下述实施例列举了本发明式(I)化合物No.1-6,11-14和25-28的杀真菌剂性能,在这些实施例中,相应于对映体化合物1和2的外消旋变体记为1+2,同样地,相应于化合物3和4的外消旋变体记为3+4。更一般地,相应于对映体化合物n和n+1的外消旋变体记为n+(n+1)。
实施例B1:对隐匿柄锈菌(小麦棕色锈)的体内实验
通过精细研磨制备用于实验的活性材料的水悬浮液,其组成如下:
-活性材料:60mg
-在水中稀释至10%的土温80(Tween 80)表面活性剂(环氧乙烷与脱水山梨醇缩合物的油酸脂):0.3ml
-用水补足体积至60ml。
用于实验的活性材料为本发明2种对映体中的一种或相应的外消旋变体。
然后用水稀释水悬浮液以获得活性材料所需的浓度。
将Talent变种小麦种在罐中,50/50泥炭/白榴火山灰土壤基质中,在10cm高时期用上述水悬浮液喷雾处理之。
24小时后,将孢子的水悬浮液(100,000SP/cm3)喷在小麦上;该悬浮液是由感染的秧苗获得的,然后将小麦在孵化箱中在约20℃和100%相对湿度下放置24小时,然后在60%相对湿度下放置7-14天。
在感染后第8-第15天之间观察秧苗的情况,与未处理的参照相比,然后确定所实验的活性材料浓度,IC75(以ppm表示),即在此浓度下观察到了抑制75%的病害。
所得结果列于下表中:
  化合物No.   IC75(ppm)
  1+2   330
1 37
  2   >1000
  3+4   330
  3   110
  4   >1000
  5+6   330
  5   110-330
  6   >1000
  11+12   37-110
  11   12-37
  12   -
  13+14   37
  13   12
  14   -
  25+26   12
  25   -
  26   >1000
  27+28   37
  27   4
  28   -
实施例B2:在致病疫霉(蕃茄晚期枯萎病)的体内实验
通过精细研磨制备用于实验的活性材料的水悬浮液,其组成如下:
-活性材料:60mg
-在水中稀释至10%的土温80(Tween 80)表面活性剂(环氧乙烷与脱水山梨醇缩合物的油酸脂):0.3ml
-用水补足体积至60ml。
用于实验的活性材料选自如前述实施例相同的化合物。
然后用水稀释该水悬浮液获得活性材料所需的浓度。
蕃茄秧苗(Marmande变种)在罐中生长,当这些秧苗长至1个月(5-6-叶子期,12-15cm高),在各种实验化合物浓度喷雾上述水悬浮液处理秧苗。
24小时后,用致病疫霉的孢子水悬浮液(30,000sp/cm3)经喷雾感染每株秧苗。
感染后,番茄秧苗在约20℃下在湿气饱和的空气下孵化7天。
感染后7天,将秧苗用实验活性材料处理情况下获得的结果与秧苗用作参照的情况下获得的结果相比较、然后确定实验活性材料的浓度,IC75(以ppm表示),即在此浓度下观察到病害的抑制为75%。
所得结果列于下表中:
  化合物No.   IC75(ppm)
  1+2   110
  1   37
  2   >1000
  3+4   330
  1   110
  4   >1000
  5+6   >1000
5 37
  6   >1000
  11+12   110
  11   12-37
  12   -
  13+14   110
  13   37
  14   -
  25+26   110
  25   37
  26   >1000
  27+28   17
  27   4-12
  28   -
本发明也涉及保护植物免于真菌病害的组合物,它包括一种或多种农业上可接受的固体或液体载体和/或农业上也可接受的表面活性剂,一种(或数种)式I化合物的活性材料。
事实上,在实际应用中,本发明的化合物很少单独使用,最常用的是这些化合物构成组合物的一部分,可用作杀真菌剂的这些组合物包含,本发明上述化合物作为活性材料,它与农业上可接受的固体或液体载体和农业上也可接受的表面活性剂一起作为一种混合物,实际上,可使用常用的惰性载体和常用的表面活性剂。这些组合物也构成本发明的一部分。
这些组合物也可含各种其它组份如,保护胶体,粘合剂,增稠剂,触变剂,渗透剂,稳定剂,螯合剂等。更通常地,本发明也可与任何相应于常用配制技术的固体或液体添加剂结合起来使用。
通常,本发明组合物含约0.05-95%(重量)本发明化合物(下面称之为活性材料),一种或多种固体或液体载体和,任选的一种或多种表面活性剂。
在此所用术语“载体”是指与化合物结合的天然或合成,有机或无机材料,以便于施用于植物,种子或土壤,因此这种载体通常是惰性的且在农业上,特别是对处理的植物是可接受的,该载体可以是固体(粘土,天然或合成硅酸盐,硅石,树脂,蜡,固体肥料,等)或液体(水,醇,特别是丁醇,等)。
表面活性剂可为离子或非离子型的乳化,分散或湿润剂,或这些表面活性剂的混合物,可列举的例如,聚(丙烯酸)盐,木素磺酸盐,苯酚磺酸或萘磺酸盐,环氧乙烷与脂族醇或脂族酸或脂族胺的缩聚物,取代苯酚(特别是烷基苯酚或芳基苯酚),磺基琥珀酸酯的盐,牛磺酸的衍生物(特别是烷基牛磺酸盐),环氧乙烷与醇或苯酚缩聚物的磷酸脂,脂族酸与多羟基醇的酯,和含硫酸盐,磺酸盐或磷酸盐官能团的上述化合物的衍生物,当化合物和/或惰性载体不溶于水且所用的媒介剂是水时,存在至少一种表面活性剂通常是必不可少的。
这样,本发明农业上使用的组合物可含有很宽含量范围的本发明活性材料,其范围为0.05%-95%(重量)。其表面活性剂含量较好地在5%-40%(重量)。
本发明的这些组合物它们本身是多种多样的固体或液体形态。
所述的固体组合物的形式可为作为粉尘剂的粉末状(化合物的含量为100%)和颗粒状,特别是那些由挤压,压紧,颗粒状载体的浸渍,或粉末的成粒(在后一种情况的这些颗粒中化合物的含量为0.5-80%)获得的颗粒,药片状或泡腾药片状。
式(I)化合物也可以粉末状来作为粉尘剂使用;也可能使用的组合物含50g活性材料和950g滑石粉;也可能使用的组合物含20g活性材料,10g细小分散的硅石和970g滑石粉,将这些组成混合并研磨,该混合物以粉尘状来施用。
在施用过程中为液体或能构成液体组合物的组合物形式可如所述溶液,特别是水可溶浓缩物,可乳化的浓缩物,乳浊液,悬浮浓缩物,气溶胶,可湿润粉末(或可喷雾粉末),糊状物或凝胶。
通常可乳化或可溶浓缩物含10-80%活性材料,准备施用的溶液或乳化液含0.001-20%活性材料。
除了溶剂,若需要的话,可乳化浓缩物可含2-20%合适的添加剂,如稳定剂,表面活性剂,渗透剂,腐蚀抑制剂,染料或上述粘合剂。
可以用水稀释这些浓缩物获得任何特别是适合施用于作物的所需浓度的乳浊液。
现在将由实施例给出几种可乳化浓缩物的组合物:
EC实施例1
活性材料                                                400g/l
碱性十二烷基苯磺酸盐                                    24g/l
10分子环氧乙烷与壬基苯酚的缩合物                        16g/l
环己酮                                                  200g/l
芳族溶剂                                                qs 1l
    按另一种可乳化浓缩物配方,所使用的是:
EC实施例2
活性材料                                                250g
环氧化植物油                                            25g
烷芳基磺酸盐和聚乙二醇与脂族醇所成的醚的混合物          100g
二甲基甲酰胺                                            50g
二甲苯                                                  575
制备也可喷雾施用的悬浮浓缩物以获得不会沉淀的稳定液体产物,所述浓缩物通常含10-75%活性材料,0.5-15%表面活性剂,0.1-10%触变剂,0-10%合适添加剂,如消沫剂,腐蚀抑制剂,稳定剂,渗透剂和粘合剂,及在其中活性材料极少溶于或不溶的水或有机液体作为载体:某些固体有机材料或无机盐可溶于载体中有助于防止沉积或作为水的防冻剂。
现在将由实施例给出悬浮浓缩物的组合物:
SC实施例1
活性材料                                                500g
环氧乙烷与三苯乙烯基苯基磷酸盐的缩聚物                  50g
环氧乙烷与烷基苯酚的缩聚物                              50g
聚羧酸钠                                                20g
乙二醇                                                  50g
有机聚硅氧烷油(消沫剂)                            1g
多糖类                                            1.5g
水                                                316.5g
通常制备的可湿粉(或可喷雾粉)含20-95%活性材料,且它们通常除了含固体载体外,还含0-3%湿润剂,3-20%分散剂,若需要的话,含0.1-10%一种或多种稳定剂和/或其它添加剂,如渗透剂,粘合剂,或防结块剂,染料等。
为了获得可喷雾粉末或可湿润粉末,活性材料与附加物质在合适的混合机中紧密混合,同时混合物在粉碎机或其它合适的研磨机中研磨,由此获得的可喷雾粉末具有湿润性和悬浮性是有利的;它们可以任何所需浓度悬浮于水中,且这些悬浮液特别可施用于植物叶子使用是非常有利的。
可以制备糊料以代替可湿性粉末,制备和使用这些糊料的条件和方法类似于那些可湿粉或可喷雾粉的条件和方法。
现在将由实施例给出各种可湿粉(可喷雾粉)组合物:
WP实施例1
活性材料                                          50%
环氧乙烷与脂族醇的缩合物(湿润剂)                  2.5%
环氧乙烷与苯乙基苯酚的缩合物(分散剂)              5%
白垩(惰性载体)                                    42.5%
WP实施例2
活性材料                                          10%
8-10mol氧乙烷与C13                               0.75%
带支链型合成氧代醇的缩合物(湿润剂)
中性木素磺酸钙(分散剂)                            12%
碳酸钙(惰性填料)                                    qs100%
WP实施例3
这种可湿粉含如上述实施例相同的组分,其组成如下:
活性材料                                            75%
湿润剂                                              1.50%
分散剂                                              8%
碳酸钙(惰性填料)                                    qs100%
WP实施例4:
活性材料                                            90%
环氧乙烷与脂族醇的缩合物(湿润剂)                    4%
环氧乙烷与苯乙基苯酚的缩合物(分散剂)                6%
WP实施例5:
活性材料                                            50%
阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的混合物(湿润剂)            2.5%
木素磺酸钠(分散剂)                                  5%
高玲土(惰性载体)                                    42.5%
水分散体和乳浊液,例如由用水稀释本发明可湿性粉末或可乳化浓缩物而获得的组合物。包含于本发明的通常范围内,乳浊液可为油包水或水包油型,且它们具有象“蛋黄酱”状的厚稠度。
可以水分散性颗粒形式配制的本发明化合物也包括于本发明的范围内。
这些分散性颗粒的表观密度通常约为0.3-0.6,颗粒尺寸通常约为150-2,000,较好地为300-1,500微米。
这些颗粒的活性材料的含量通常约为1%-90%,较好地25%-90%。
颗粒的剩余部分主要由固体填料和任选的为颗粒提供水分散性的表面活性调节剂所组成,这些颗粒基于所用填料是否溶于或不溶于水主要有两种不同的类型。当填料是水可溶的时,颗粒可为无机物或较好地为有机物,用脲素已获得了非常好的结果,在是不可溶填料的情况下,颗粒较好地为无机物,例如高岭土或膨润土。随后较好地结合表面活性剂(其量为颗粒的2-20%(重量)),该表面活性剂一半以上是由例如至少一种主要为阴离子分散剂如碱金属或碱土金属聚萘磺酸盐(polynaphthalene sulphonate)或碱金属或碱土金属木素磺酸盐所组成,剩余部分由非离子或阴离子湿润剂如碱金属或碱土金属烷基萘磺酸盐组成。
而且,尽管并不是必要的,但可以加入其它调节剂如消沫剂。
本发明的颗粒剂可通过混合所需组份然后按几种本质上已知的技术成粒(造粒机,流体床,雾化器,挤压等)制备,通常,该制备是由粉碎,然后筛选至上述范围内的颗粒尺寸而完成的。或者可使用上述制得的颗粒,然后用含活性材料的组合物浸渍而得。
较好地,由挤压来制备,所进行的制备过程如下面实施例所述。
DG实施例1分散的颗粒
将90%(重量)活性材料和10%以珍珠形式的脲素在混合机中混合,然后该混合物在针型研磨机中研磨,用约8%(重量)的水润湿获得的粉,将潮湿粉在多孔圆筒挤压机中挤压。干燥获得的颗粒,然后粉碎,并过筛选出只保留尺寸分别在150-2,000微米的颗粒。
DG实施例2: 可分散性的颗粒
将下述组成在混合机中混合:
活性材料                                    75%
湿润剂(烷基萘磺酸钠)                            2%
分散剂(聚萘磺酸钠)                              8%
水不可溶惰性填料(高玲土)                        15%
将该混合物在存在水的流体床中成粒,然后干燥,粉碎并筛选获得0.15-0.80mm尺寸颗粒。
这些颗粒可单独或以溶液或以分散在水中的分散体形式来使用,以获得所需剂量,也可使用它们来制备与其它活性材料,特别是杀真菌剂的结合体,所述杀真菌剂为湿润粉或水分散体颗粒形式。
至于适于贮藏和运输的组合物,它们较好地含0.05-95%(重量)的活性物质。
本发明的另一个目的是处理受真菌病侵袭或可能受真菌病侵袭的作物的方法,其特点是预防性或治愈性地施用有效量的任选式I活性化合物。
式I化合物的施用剂量较好地为0.005-5公斤/公顷,更好地为0.01-1公斤/公顷。

Claims (2)

1.光学活性化合物,它具有下述结构式(VII),
Figure C031458510002C1
其中:
*指相应于立体有择构型的不对称碳原子;
-R1和R2不同,为:
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或
-芳基,它选自任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基,萘基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡啶基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,喹啉基,异喹啉基或亚甲基二氧苯基,
-R4为:
-氢原子或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基或
-芳基,它选自任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基,萘基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,喹啉基,异喹啉基或亚甲基二氧苯基,或
-芳烷基,芳氧烷基,芳硫烷基或芳磺酰烷基,芳基是指苯基,萘基,噻吩基,呋喃基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,喹啉基,异喹啉基或亚甲基二氧苯基,烷基是指含1-6个碳原子的烷基;
-R5为:
-除了当R4为H时,R5为H,或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基,或
-任选地被1-3个选自R6的基团取代的苯基;
-R6为:
-卤素原子或
-含1-6个碳原子的烷基,卤代烷基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,或
-苯基,苯氧基或吡啶氧基,这些基团任选地被1-3个相同或不同的选自R7的基团所取代;
-R7
-选自氟,氯,溴或碘的卤素原子,或
-含1-6个碳原子的直链或带支链的烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,在结构式VII中,R1为苯基,R2为甲基。
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