CN113854073B - Root-pressing no-tillage rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, scattering the harvested straws of previous crops on a rice field to form a straw layer; s2, placing the rice seedlings on the straw layer, enabling the roots and the seedling parts of the rice seedlings to be horizontally stretched on the straw layer, and enabling the roots of all the rice seedlings to be located on the same straight line; s3, mixing the compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil; s4, covering the roots of the rice seedlings with ecological soil; and S5, field management. The invention has the advantages that: 1) The soil plough layer structure is changed, and a fertile soil layer, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom; 2) The soil taken out of the ditch is uniformly mixed with the compound fertilizer to form ecological soil, which is beneficial to the integration of the fertilizer and the soil and improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; 3) The drainage capacity and the water storage capacity are improved by using the wide-compartment deep groove; 4) The triple-free rice transplanting method realizes triple-free rice transplanting: no-tillage, no-finishing paddy field and no-irrigation paddy field water; soil and fertilizer integration, water and fertilizer integration and straw and chemical fertilizer integration; the ecological benefit is obvious: the irrigation water is reduced.

Description

A kind of rice root no-tillage cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a no-tillage cultivation method of rice by rooting.

Background technique

According to statistics, the national total grain output in the last 10 years has exceeded 600 million tons on average, estimated based on the ratio of grain to stalk 1:1.2, plus other crop straws, the national annual production of straws exceeds 720 million tons, and straws contain a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus Potassium and trace elements, the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in 720 million tons of straw is equivalent to more than 5.76 million tons of urea, more than 8.4 million tons of superphosphate, and more than 8.4 million tons of potassium sulfate.

Studies have shown that returning crop straw to the field by pressing or covering is an effective measure to increase production, and can generally increase production by more than 10%. However, it is difficult to rationally utilize crop straw in my country, because a large amount of straw and The remaining stubble will hinder the next season's mechanical farming and seed emergence, and the treatment of straw will become the bottleneck of continuous cropping and crop rotation. Therefore, how to realize and simplify effective straw returning is one of the key problems that must be solved at present. At the same time, the water used for paddy preparation and soaking is also a bottleneck in rice production. In my country’s rice production, crawler-type combine harvesters are generally used for harvesting in the first season. The plowing layer has been dehydrated and dried to carry the harvester’s work; immediately after harvesting, watering Paotian generally requires 150 cubic meters per mu, and it is also required to meet the demand in the shortest time to reduce agricultural consumption. Therefore, water disputes often occur during the double rush season of rice production.

In the past 10 years, the average rice planting area in my country is 450 million mu, and the water used for soaking fields is 67.8 billion cubic meters per year. This link is the main part of water for rice production, and the water for rice production is the main part of agricultural production water, and agricultural production is my country's water resources. The main body of consumption, so saving water in this link of soaking fields is related to the overall situation of my country's water use.

Chinese patent CN200910272552.7 discloses a full-process aerobic cultivation method for rice in a fixed box ditch with no-tillage and throwing seedlings, and details the advantages of no-tillage cultivation method in the background technology, which is conducive to improving soil aeration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. advantage. Chinese patent CN202010782482.6 discloses a rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method, which details the advantages of the no-tillage cultivation method. The compound of seed fertilizer and mud is formed into a ridge and falls on the underlying surface to form an ecological ridge; ecological The first is to wrap organisms and vegetative bodies as a medium, keep warm, moisturize, permeable and breathable; the second is to serve as a donor to provide water and nutrition for biological vegetative bodies. The dew-white seeds that have been germinated in the ridge grow faster than the weed seeds inside and outside the ridge, and take root and grow leaves smoothly. But these two inventions do not involve the use of soil in the ditch to cover the fallen rice roots when the next stubble is planted;

Chinese patent CN103749227B discloses a three-ripening early rice ecological ditch transplanting and cultivation method based on double-cropping rice. In order to solve the problems of crop straw returning to the field, soil aeration and water-fertilizer coupling, the cultivation method includes the following steps: 1 ) Winter crop field implementation of ditch engineering; 2) Water management before winter crop harvest; 3) Winter crop straw treatment; 4) Ditch clearing and mud spreading; 5) Early rice transplanting; 6) Field management; 7) Early rice harvesting. The advantages of the present invention: 1) The structure of the soil plow layer is changed, and a thin mud layer, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom; 2) It is beneficial to deep application of chemical fertilizers and improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizers; 3) It is good to use narrow compartment surfaces 4) Three exemptions for early rice transplanting: no tillage, no straw burning, no irrigation and soaking in field water, and obvious ecological benefits: reduce energy consumption, reduce smog, and reduce irrigation use water. This patent has the following defects:

1. The steps of spreading fertilizer, clearing ditch, and transplanting rice seedlings are separated, which takes a lot of time and money;

2. After clearing the ditch, the seedlings must be transplanted in time, and the connection is urgent;

3. The amount of silt in the ditch is small, which may not be enough to cover the car surface to reach the thickness of the mud layer for transplanting rice seedlings.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a root-based no-tillage cultivation method for rice to realize rice transplanting under the premise of no-tillage and no-irrigation and soaking in field water, and to solve the problem of labor and energy consumption for site preparation before rice transplanting, and soaking. The problem of large amounts of water.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for no-tillage cultivation of paddy rice, comprising the following steps:

S1. Scatter the straw after harvesting the previous crop on the paddy field to form a straw layer;

S2. Place the rice seedlings on the straw layer, so that the roots and parts of the rice seedlings are placed horizontally on the straw layer, and the roots of all the rice seedlings are located on the same straight line;

S3, mixing compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil;

S4, cover the root of rice seedling with ecological soil;

S5. Field management.

The present invention is adapted to the no-till dry soil, which cannot be transplanted, so the method of throwing seedlings is adopted. The rice seedlings are placed in the paddy field, the soil and the compound fertilizer are stirred evenly to form ecological soil, which falls in the paddy field and covers the roots of the rice seedlings.

In S2, the mechanism that controls the attitude of the seedlings after landing, swings horizontally after landing, the root is at the position where the seedlings are on the ground, and the top of the seedlings is at the vertical position where the roots are connected to the body of the rice transplanter. They are placed naturally, that is, the rice seedlings naturally lie flat in the rice field, so that The ecological soil can cover the roots of rice seedlings and avoid covering the rice seedlings. In the subsequent growth process of rice seedlings, they will naturally grow into a state perpendicular to the rice field.

Further, a soil extractor was used to dig a ditch in the paddy field, and the wet soil in S3 was taken out, and the ditch was located between two adjacent rows of rice seedlings. It is convenient and quick to dig ditches directly in the paddy field to fetch soil.

Further, the width of the ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 30-40 cm. Utilize the deep ditch formed during soil extraction to improve the drainage capacity and water storage capacity. On the one hand, reduce the water content of the box body soil, improve soil aeration, and on the other hand, improve the utilization efficiency of natural precipitation. The size of the ditches is first to meet the demand for the amount of soil to be taken, and second is to provide a place for paddy farming.

Further, the covered ecological soil in S4 is strip-shaped, and the ecological soil covers the roots of the entire row of rice seedlings and covers the straw layer between the roots of adjacent rice seedlings. It is equivalent to pressing a piece of ecological soil at intervals to promote the straw layer to improve the ability to prevent evaporation and prevent soil loss.

Further, rice seedling field preparation and rice seedling raising are carried out 18 days to 32 days before the harvest of the previous crop of S1. The rice seedling field is prepared in advance and the rice seedlings are raised, so that the seedlings can be thrown immediately after the harvest of the previous stubble is completed.

Further, the preparation of the rice seedling field includes the following steps: firstly irrigate water to maintain a 2-4 cm water layer on the field surface, turn tillage and then level it by rotary tillage, and divide the compartment after leveling, the mud on the compartment surface after division is mushy, and the compartment surface is smooth.

Further, raising rice seedlings includes the following steps: sow seeds after the battered mud in the seedling field settles for 4-5 hours, and sow rice seeds that have germinated and grown roots. 60 kg. Drain the ditch water immediately after sowing, keep the surface of the compartment in an anhydrous state until the seedlings are removed, and do not apply fertilizer during the entire seedling raising period. Less fat belongs to adversity, and proper anti-adversity exercise helps to cultivate strong seedlings. If it does not sink, the seeds will fall into the mud when sowing and affect germination.

Further, the seedlings at the root of the rice seedlings are 50-70 cm long, 20-30 cm wide, and 1-4 cm thick.

Further, field management specifically includes the following steps:

(a) Topdressing: After the rice turns green, the fertilizer depends on the seedling situation, and 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 7 to 15 days after transplanting; during the young ear differentiation stage of rice, 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the total amount of potassium fertilizer are applied depending on the situation of the seedlings. 40% of the amount; the total amount of the three fertilizers are: nitrogen fertilizer pure N is 120.0kg/h㎡～150.0kg/h㎡, potassium fertilizer K ₂ O is 96.0kg/h㎡～120.0kg/h㎡, phosphate fertilizer P ₂ O ₅ is 60.0kg/h㎡～75.0kg/h㎡;

(b) Water management: water management is mainly based on the accumulation of rainfall in the compartment ditch, and appropriate supplementary irrigation; water management is mainly based on water retention and storage throughout the whole process; drainage is mainly used after the young ear differentiation stage and milk maturity stage;

(c) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds: The prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds is mainly based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.

Further, mix 20-40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu of moist soil.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

1) The structure of the soil plow layer is changed, and an ecological soil zone, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom;

2) It realizes the full amount of crop stalks to be returned to the field and flattened at one time, and chemical fertilizers are applied at the same time to realize the four-dimensional integration of roots, fertilizers, mud and water, which is conducive to saving chemical fertilizers and improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizers;

3) Utilize the deep ditch formed during soil extraction to improve drainage and water storage capacity. On the one hand, reduce the water content of the box soil, improve soil aeration, and on the other hand, improve the utilization efficiency of natural precipitation;

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a ditch soil fetcher, a conveyor belt and an agitator in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a transverse conveyor belt and a transverse distribution trough in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a seedling trimmer in an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention includes a tractor 1 and a lifting device 21 for controlling the vertical position of the horizontal mounting frame 3, the lifting device 21 is installed on the tractor 1, and the lifting device 21 adopts a mechanical arm , the driving end of the mechanical arm is fixedly connected to the horizontal mounting frame 3, the rice transplanter 2 is installed on the horizontal mounting frame 3, and the horizontal mounting frame 3 is sequentially installed with an agitator 4 and a ditching soil extractor 5, and the agitator 4 and The conveyer belt 6 that soil is transported to the agitator 4 is installed between the ditch soil extractor 5, and the fertilizer box 7 is installed above the agitator 4, and the outlet of the fertilizer box 7 is communicated with the inlet of the agitator 4, and the outlet of the agitator 4 Be positioned at the rear side of rice transplanter 2. The distance from the bottom of the rice transplanter to the ground is 20 centimeters, and a seedling trimmer 8 is installed on the lower side of the rice shoot outlet of the rice transplanter 2. As shown in Figure 4, the seedling trimmer 8 is installed on the lower side of the rice shoot outlet of the rice transplanter. The seedling trimmer 8 includes a vertical part and a curved part connected to the lower end of the vertical part, and the curved part of the curved part is arranged upward. Seedling trimmer 8 is 15 centimeters long from the position of 5-20 centimeters on the ground. Working principle: When the seedlings fall vertically, their roots touch the curved part of the machete, so that the seedlings are carried horizontally and swing horizontally. The rice seedlings pass through the whole seedling device, and after landing, the rice seedlings swing sideways, the roots are at the position where the rice seedlings are on the ground, and the top of the rice seedlings is placed at the vertical position where the roots and the transplanter body are connected, so that the ecological soil can cover the roots of the rice seedlings to avoid Cover the seedlings. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a horizontal conveyor belt 9 is installed at the lower end of the outlet of the agitator 4, and a horizontal distribution tank 10 is installed on the lower side of the horizontal conveyor belt 9, and a plurality of sowing holes 11 are provided on the horizontal distribution tank 10 from front to back. A plurality of retaining boards 12 are installed on the surface of the transverse conveyor belt 9 . The rice transplanter 2 is installed on the same straight line with the transverse conveyer belt 9, and the distance between the ditch soil fetcher 5 and the straight line is 30-50 centimeters. Conveyor belt 6 is to lift conveyer belt.

The rice transplanter can choose Runmei Agricultural Machinery 2ZG-6DM ride-on high-speed rice transplanter, the trencher can choose Xinxing Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd. medium-sized disc trencher, and the agitator can choose Qiaochuang Machinery Equipment Strength Supplier 250 type vertical For the flat mouth mixer, the lifting device is a power-assisted manipulator model SLJ-50.

A rice no-tillage rooting cultivation method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Conventional planting and harvesting of the previous crop → rice seedling field preparation → rice seedling cultivation → rice transplanting → rice management.

1) The previous crops, such as rapeseed, green manure, and early rice, are planted according to conventional methods: they can be transplanted or broadcast live; they can be divided into compartments, or one mound can be formed into one surface. Harvest with a harvester after maturity, and the straw does not need to be processed.

Routine water management is carried out before the previous crop is harvested.

2) The rice seedling field should be prepared 18 days to 32 days before the harvest of the previous stubble. Conventional land preparation: first irrigate to maintain a 3 cm water layer on the field surface, and then turn tillage and then level it. After leveling, the compartments are divided according to the compartment width of 1.5 meters, the ditch width of 0.3 meters and the depth of 0.2 meters. The mud on the surface of the rear compartment is mushy, and the surface of the compartment is smooth.

3) Carry out rice seedling raising after site preparation, and sow seeds after the pasty mud in the seedling field has settled for 4-5 hours. Sow rice seeds that have germinated and grown roots. The seeding rate per mu of seedling field is 25-30 kg for hybrid rice and 50-60 kg for conventional rice. Drain the ditch water immediately after sowing, and keep the surface of the compartment in an anhydrous state until the seedlings are removed; no fertilizer is applied during the entire seedling raising period.

4) Rice transplanting, the rice transplanting can be carried out after the previous stubble is harvested. The seedlings are taken from the seedling field by manpower or mechanical shoveling, and the seedlings are 58 centimeters long, 28 centimeters wide and 2 centimeters thick. The rice transplanter is operated to raise the transplanting device, and the rice seedlings are replaced with the method of throwing rice seedlings. After the rice seedlings land on the ground, the seedling placement and root covering are completed by the whole seedling device and the soil covering device.

5) The whole seedling device for rice transplanting is a mechanism that controls the attitude of the seedlings after landing. After landing, they swing sideways, the roots are at the position where the seedlings are on the ground, and the tops of the seedlings are placed at the vertical position where the roots are connected to the body of the rice transplanter.

6) The soil covering device for rice transplanting includes soil fetching, soil sending, stirring, distribution, and soil falling mechanisms. The soil fetching tool is a reverse ditch opener, which takes the soil out of the paddy field by rotating in the opposite direction to the road wheel and forms a small ditch with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 35 cm; It is transported to the mixing mechanism; the mixing mechanism is a stirrer, which mixes the compound fertilizer with the soil taken out according to the amount of 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu to form ecological soil, which effectively provides water for the rice root system; the distribution mechanism is a multi- The conveyor belt of a soil retaining board transports the ecological soil formed by mixing the compound fertilizer and soil to the sowing hole; the soil falling mechanism is a device installed with a guide plate to control the directional landing of the ecological soil formed by mixing the compound fertilizer and soil. Falling soil directs the ecological soil falling from the seeding hole to the surface; the guide plate (not shown in Figure 3) is a "V"-shaped mechanism with an open lower end, which guides the ecological soil formed after the compound fertilizer and soil is mixed. .

7) Field management:

(a) Topdressing: After the rice turns green, the fertilizer depends on the seedling situation, and 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 7 to 15 days after transplanting; during the young ear differentiation stage of rice, 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the total amount of potassium fertilizer are applied depending on the situation of the seedlings. 40% of the amount; the total amount of the three fertilizers are: nitrogen fertilizer pure N is 120.0kg/h㎡～150.0kg/h㎡, potassium fertilizer K ₂ O is 96.0kg/h㎡～120.0kg/h㎡, phosphate fertilizer P ₂ O ₅ is 60.0kg/h㎡～75.0kg/h㎡;

(b) Water management: water management is mainly based on the accumulation of rainfall in the compartment ditch, and appropriate supplementary irrigation; water management is mainly based on water retention and storage throughout the whole process; drainage is mainly used after the young ear differentiation stage and milk maturity stage;

(c) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds: The prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds is mainly based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.

The invention discloses a rice no-tillage transplanting and root covering method to solve the problems of difficult surface soil treatment, seedling transplanting, fertilization and grass control after no-tillage rice. The mechanical principle is as follows: the soil covering device for rice transplanting includes Soil fetching, soil sending, mixing and distributing mechanism. The soil fetching tool is a trench soil fetcher, which takes the soil out of the paddy field and forms a small ditch with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 35 cm; the soil delivery mechanism is a conveyor belt, which transports the soil to the mixer; the mixer takes out the compound fertilizer and The soil is mixed to form ecological soil; the distribution mechanism is a horizontal conveyor belt, which transports the ecological soil to the sowing hole; through the sowing hole, the ecological soil is oriented to cover the roots of the seedlings that have been placed on the ground horizontally. Advantages of the present invention: 1) Mix the soil taken out from the ditch with compound fertilizer to form ecological soil, which is beneficial to the integration of fertilizer and soil and the improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency; Plowing, no tidying of rice fields, no irrigation and soaking of field water; integration of soil and fertilizer, water and fertilizer, and straw and chemical fertilizer; obvious ecological benefits: reduce irrigation water, lose weight and reduce pesticides, and reduce energy consumption for operations.

Land preparation for rice planting is a key link, and field water is the main water consumption. If the land is not prepared and field water is not filled, rice production will realize transformation and upgrading. In space, the present invention uses soil to press the straw to not only realize the non-burning of the straw, but also return the straw to the field in full on the spot; dig the soil and mix it with chemical fertilizers to realize the integrated feeding of fertilizer and soil, which not only realizes no-tillage, It can also avoid irrigation and soaking of field water; in terms of time, using straw as the base pad not only realizes zero agricultural consumption of harvesting of previous crops and transplanting of early rice, but also saves the time of straw processing; The ecological soil formed by the main body covers the roots of rice and maintains the humidity of the roots, which not only saves the time of watering and soaking the field, but also saves the time of land preparation. At the same time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally implement a planting system of double-cropping rice plus three-crop winter crops or two-crop rice oil and rice green manure. The multiple cropping index is high and soil fertility loss is serious. The method of soil compaction and sealing is conducive to improving soil water retention. ability, fertility.

The technical principle of the present invention is: the present invention uses the L-shaped load-bearing stalk carried by the planter to overwhelm and flatten the stubble, and compacts and flattens the broken straw pushed out from the tail of the harvester to form a relatively flat straw layer. The ecological compartment surface of the straw layer and the soil layer is formed at the bottom, which changes the structure of the soil plow layer, and at the same time realizes the in-situ coverage of the straw; the rice transplanter is operated to raise the transplanting device, and the rice seedlings are replaced by the way of throwing rice seedlings instead of transplanting. After the seedlings fall to the ground, the whole seedling device controls the seedlings to swing horizontally after landing. The roots are at the position where the seedlings land on the ground, and the top of the seedlings is placed at the vertical position where the roots are connected to the body of the rice transplanter. The soil covering device covers the soil mixed with chemical fertilizers on the roots of rice to complete the transplanting process. The soil covering device includes soil fetching, soil sending, mixing, distribution, and soil dropping mechanisms: the soil is taken out from the paddy field to form a small ditch with a width of 25 cm and a depth of 35 cm, and then transported to a certain height and stirred, according to the rate per mu The amount of compound fertilizer is 30 kg. The compound fertilizer is mixed with the soil taken out to form an ecological soil. The ecological soil is transported to the sowing hole through the distribution mechanism, and the ecological soil is sprinkled on the surface by the soil falling mechanism. The ditch has the dual functions of accumulating natural precipitation and efficient drainage, improves water use efficiency and soil aeration, realizes the effective coupling of rice root system, chemical fertilizer, and water resources, and achieves the goals of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, and production increase. Adopting the technology of the present invention can realize three exemptions in the process of rice transplanting: no tillage, no treatment of rice stalks, and no irrigation and soaking of field water, with obvious ecological benefits: reduced energy consumption for operations, no use of pesticides for stubble removal, and reduced irrigation water.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the ecological soil: by a reverse ditch opener, the soil is taken out from the paddy field by rotating in the opposite direction to the walking wheel, and then mixed with chemical fertilizers at a ratio of 100:0.5-0.8, Covering the roots of rice, the ecological functions:

One is to effectively provide nutrients and water for the rice root system. The content of chemical fertilizer in the ecological soil is 0.5-0.8%, so as to ensure that the rice root system is nearby and effectively absorbed, forming a fertile soil environment;

The second is to further compact the straw layer. Since the connection line at the root of the rice group is strip-shaped, the cover soil is correspondingly strip-shaped, which is equivalent to pressing a piece of ecological soil every 20 cm or so, so as to promote the straw layer to improve the anti-evaporation and water-proof soil loss. ability;

The third is to promote the formation of a sponge in the straw layer, and the straw is pressed by the upper ecological soil to form a water-retaining layer similar to the sponge;

The fourth is the oxygen-enriching function. The sponge-like body formed by the straw can store air for the respiration and metabolism of the rice root;

The fifth is the function of preserving fertilizer. When the chemical fertilizer in the ecological soil dissolves and infiltrates, it is first absorbed and accumulated by the straw. The upper layer is covered with ecological soil to avoid volatilization, and the lower layer has unplowed topsoil as a cushion to delay infiltration;

The sixth is the function of cleaning the straw. After the rice straw is returned to the field in full, it will cause difficulties in mechanical rotary tillage or plowing operations, which will cause the rice farmers to burn the straw to clear obstacles. The present invention uses no-tillage and uses ecological soil to spread the straw to provide a base for transplanting seedlings. Form straw clean utilization function.

Claims (10)

1. a paddy rice root no-till cultivation method is characterized in that comprising the following steps: S1. Scatter the straw after harvesting the previous crop on the paddy field to form a straw layer; S2. Place the rice seedlings on the straw layer, so that the roots and parts of the rice seedlings are placed horizontally on the straw layer, and the roots of all the rice seedlings are located on the same straight line; S3, mixing compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil; S4, cover the root of rice seedling with ecological soil; S5. Field management; The device used in the rice root no-tillage cultivation method includes a tractor (1) and a lifting device (21) for controlling the vertical position of the horizontal mounting frame (3), and the lifting device (21) is installed on the tractor (1) ), the lifting device (21) adopts a mechanical arm, the driving end of the mechanical arm is fixedly connected to the horizontal mounting frame (3), the rice transplanter (2) is installed on the horizontal mounting frame (3), and the horizontal mounting Agitator (4) and ditch soil fetcher (5) are installed successively to the back, and a conveyor belt ( 6), a fertilizer box (7) is installed above the mixer (4), the outlet of the fertilizer box (7) communicates with the inlet of the mixer (4), and the outlet of the mixer (4) is located at the rear side of the rice transplanter (2) , a seedling trimmer (8) is installed on the lower side of the rice shoot outlet of the rice transplanter, and the seedling trimmer (8) includes a vertical part and a curved part connected to the lower end of the vertical part, and the curved part of the curved part The part is set upwards, the lower end of the outlet of the agitator (4) is equipped with a horizontal conveyor belt (9), and the lower side of the horizontal conveyor belt (9) is equipped with a horizontal distribution tank (10), and the horizontal distribution tank (10) is set from front to back. A plurality of sowing holes (11) are arranged, and a plurality of retaining plates (12) are installed on the surface of the transverse conveyor belt (9). 2. The paddy root no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts soil-borrowing implement to ditch in the paddy field, takes out the soil in S3, and the position of ditching is between adjacent two rows of rice seedlings. 3. The rice paddy root no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the width of ditching is 20-30 centimeters, and the depth of ditching is 30-40 centimeters. 4. rice paddy root no-till cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ecological soil after covering in S4 is strip shape, and ecological soil covers the root of whole row rice seedling, and the adjacent rice seedling Cover with a layer of straw between the roots. 5. The no-tillage cultivation method for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that the rice seedling field preparation and rice seedling raising are carried out 18d to 32d before the harvest of the previous stubble of S1. 6. The paddy root no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the preparation of the rice seedling field comprises the following steps: first irrigate water to keep the 2-4 cm water layer on the field surface, and then turn tillage and level off after plowing. After the compartment is divided, the mud on the surface of the compartment is mushy, and the surface of the compartment is smooth. 7. The method for rooting and no-tillage cultivation of rice according to claim 5 is characterized in that raising seedlings of rice comprises the following steps: sowing after the battered mud in the seedling field has settled for 4-5 hours, sowing the rice seeds that have germinated and grown roots, The sowing amount of hybrid rice in the mu seedling field is 25-30 kg, and that of conventional rice is 50-60 kg. After sowing, the compartment ditch water should be drained immediately, and the compartment surface should be kept in an anhydrous state until the seedlings are removed. No fertilizer is applied during the whole seedling raising period. 8. The rice paddy root no-tillage cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the seedlings at the root of the rice seedling are 50-70 centimeters long, 20-30 centimeters wide, and 1-4 centimeters thick. 9. according to the rice paddy root no-tillage cultivation method described in any one of claims 1-7, it is characterized in that field management specifically comprises the following steps: (a) Topdressing: After the rice turns green, the fertilizer depends on the seedling situation, and 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied within 7 to 15 days after transplanting; during the young ear differentiation stage of rice, 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the total amount of potassium fertilizer are applied depending on the situation of the seedlings. 40% of the amount; the total amount of the three fertilizers are: nitrogen fertilizer pure N is 120.0kg/h㎡～150.0kg/h㎡, potassium fertilizer K ₂ O is 96.0kg/h㎡～120.0kg/h㎡, phosphate fertilizer P ₂ O ₅ is 60.0kg/h㎡～75.0kg/h㎡; (b) Water management: water management is mainly based on the accumulation of rainfall in the compartment ditch, and appropriate supplementary irrigation; water management is mainly based on water retention and storage throughout the whole process; drainage is mainly used after the young ear differentiation stage and milk maturity stage; (c) Prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds: The prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds is mainly based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control. 10. according to the rice paddy root no-tillage cultivation method described in any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that 20-40 kilograms of compound fertilizers are mixed with every mu of moist soil.

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