CN113854073B - Root-pressing no-tillage rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, scattering the harvested straws of previous crops on a rice field to form a straw layer; s2, placing the rice seedlings on the straw layer, enabling the roots and the seedling parts of the rice seedlings to be horizontally stretched on the straw layer, and enabling the roots of all the rice seedlings to be located on the same straight line; s3, mixing the compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil; s4, covering the roots of the rice seedlings with ecological soil; and S5, field management. The invention has the advantages that: 1) The soil plough layer structure is changed, and a fertile soil layer, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom; 2) The soil taken out of the ditch is uniformly mixed with the compound fertilizer to form ecological soil, which is beneficial to the integration of the fertilizer and the soil and improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; 3) The drainage capacity and the water storage capacity are improved by using the wide-compartment deep groove; 4) The triple-free rice transplanting method realizes triple-free rice transplanting: no-tillage, no-finishing paddy field and no-irrigation paddy field water; soil and fertilizer integration, water and fertilizer integration and straw and chemical fertilizer integration; the ecological benefit is obvious: the irrigation water is reduced.

Description

Root-pressing no-tillage rice cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a root-pressing no-tillage rice cultivation method.

Background

According to statistics, the total grain yield in the whole country in the last 10 years is more than 6.0 million tons on average, estimated according to the grain-straw ratio of 1.2, and the straws produced in the whole country in addition to other crop straws are more than 7.2 million tons, wherein the straws contain a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content in the 7.2 million tons of straws is equivalent to 576 or more than ten thousand tons of urea, 840 or more than ten thousand tons of calcium superphosphate and 840 or more than ten thousand tons of potassium sulfate.

Research shows that crop straws are turned over and pressed to be returned to the field or covered to be returned to the field, which is an effective yield increase measure, the yield increase can be increased by more than 10 percent generally, but the reasonable utilization of the crop straws in China has certain difficulty, because a great amount of straws and residual stubbles discharged by a harvester form obstacles to the mechanical cultivation and seed emergence in the next season, and the treatment of the straws becomes the bottleneck of continuous cropping and crop rotation. Therefore, how to realize and simplify the effective returning of the straws to the field is one of the key problems which must be solved at present. Meanwhile, the water for soil preparation and field soaking in rice production is also a bottleneck problem in rice production, a crawler-type combine harvester is generally used for harvesting in the first season in rice production in China, and a plough layer is dehydrated and dried to bear the operation of the harvester; irrigation and field soaking are carried out at the first time after harvesting, 150 cubes are generally needed per mu, and the requirement is met in the shortest time to reduce the agricultural consumption, so that water consumption disputes often occur in double-robbing seasons of rice production.

The rice seeding area is 4.5 hundred million mu on average in nearly 10 years in China, 678 hundred million cubic meters of water for paddy field soaking every year, the link is the main body of the water for paddy rice production, the water for paddy rice production is the main body of the water for agricultural production, and the agricultural production is the main body of water resource consumption in China, so the water consumption in the link of saving paddy field is related to the water consumption in China.

Chinese patent CN200910272552.7 discloses a whole-course aerobic cultivation method for no-tillage seedling throwing of rice in a fixed compartment ditch, and details the advantages of the no-tillage cultivation method in the background technology, which is beneficial to improving the soil ventilation, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and the like. Chinese patent CN202010782482.6 discloses a method for cultivating rice by mixed sowing in micro-ridges, which details the advantages of no-tillage cultivation, and the method comprises forming a seed-fertilizer-mud compound into ridges and dropping on a underlying surface to form ecological ridges; the ecological ridge is used as a medium to wrap organisms and nutrients, and is heat-insulating, moisture-preserving, water-permeable and air-permeable; and the second is used as a donor to provide water nutrition for the biological nutrient body. The seeds which are promoted to germinate and expose white in the ridge grow faster than the weed seeds in and out of the ridge, and the roots and the leaves grow smoothly. However, the two inventions do not relate to covering the roots of the rice which falls down by using the soil in the ditch when the next crop is planted; no transplanting and then pressing the roots are involved.

Chinese patent CN103749227B discloses a double cropping rice-based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method for triple cropping early rice, aiming at solving the problems of crop straw returning, soil ventilation and water-fertilizer coupling, the cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) Carrying out compartment ditch engineering on the crop field in winter; 2) Managing water before harvesting crops in winter; 3) Treating crop straws in winter; 4) Clearing and spreading mud; 5) Early rice transplanting; 6) Managing the field; 7) Harvesting early rice. The invention has the advantages that: 1) The soil plough layer structure is changed, and a thin mud layer, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom; 2) Is beneficial to deep fertilizer application and improvement of the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; 3) The good drainage capacity of a narrow compartment surface and the good water storage capacity of a deep groove are utilized; 4) The three-freedom early rice transplanting is realized: no tillage, no straw burning and no irrigation of field water, and has obvious ecological benefit: reduce the operation energy consumption, reduce the haze, reduce irrigation water. This patent has the following drawbacks:

1. the steps of fertilizer spreading, ditch cleaning and rice transplanting are separated, and the time and the money are consumed;

2. transplanting rice seedlings in time after cleaning the ditches, and tightly connecting the seedlings;

3. the sludge amount in the ditch is small, and the ditch may not be enough to fully cover the compartment surface to reach the thickness of a mud layer for transplanting rice seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the prior art is not enough, provides a rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method, realizes rice transplanting under the premise of no tillage and no irrigation of a paddy field, and solves the problems of large land preparation, energy consumption and water soaking amount before rice transplanting.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method comprises the following steps:

s1, scattering the harvested straws of previous crops on a rice field to form a straw layer;

s2, placing the rice seedlings on the straw layer, enabling the roots and the seedling parts of the rice seedlings to be horizontally stretched on the straw layer, and enabling the roots of all the rice seedlings to be located on the same straight line;

s3, mixing the compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil;

s4, covering the roots of the rice seedlings with ecological soil;

and S5, field management.

The invention is suitable for no-tillage dry land, and can not be used for transplanting rice seedlings, so that a seedling throwing mode is adopted. And (3) putting the rice seedlings in the rice field, uniformly stirring the soil and the compound fertilizer to form ecological soil, and falling into the rice field to cover the roots of the rice seedlings.

And S2, the mechanism for controlling the posture of the rice seedlings after falling to the ground swings, the roots of the rice seedlings are in the landing positions, the tops of the rice seedlings are in the vertical positions of the connection lines of the roots and the transplanter bodies, and the rice seedlings are naturally placed, namely the rice seedlings naturally lie in the rice field, so that ecological soil can cover the roots of the rice seedlings and is prevented from covering the rice seedlings. In the subsequent growth process of rice seedlings, the rice seedlings can naturally grow to be vertical to the rice field.

And furthermore, ditching in the rice field by adopting a soil taking machine, taking out moist soil in the S3, wherein the ditching position is between two adjacent rows of rice seedlings. Directly ditching and taking soil in the rice field, and being convenient and fast.

Furthermore, the width of the ditching is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the ditching is 30-40 cm. The deep ditch that forms when utilizing the soil sampling improves drainage ability and water storage capacity, reduces the water content of railway carriage or compartment body soil on the one hand, improves soil air permeability, and on the other hand improves the utilization efficiency of natural precipitation. The size of ditching is firstly in order to satisfy the demand of soil sampling volume, secondly for the paddy field breed provides the place.

Further, the ecological soil covered in the step S4 is strip-shaped, covers the roots of the whole row of rice seedlings and covers the straw layers between the roots of the adjacent rice seedlings. The ecological soil is pressed at intervals, so that the straw layer is promoted to improve the evaporation-proof and soil-erosion-proof capability.

Furthermore, the rice seedling bed is prepared and rice seedlings are raised 18d to 32d before the harvesting of the previous stubble of S1. Soil preparation and rice seedling raising are carried out in advance in the rice seedling bed, so that the seedlings can be thrown immediately after the previous stubble is harvested.

Further, the preparation of the rice seedling bed comprises the following steps: and (3) irrigating water to keep a water layer of 2-4 cm on the field surface, ploughing, then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, dividing the compartment after leveling, wherein mud on the compartment surface is pasty after dividing the compartment, and the compartment surface is flat.

Further, the rice seedling raising method comprises the following steps: and (3) sowing after the rice seedling bed compartment surface is pasty mud sinks for 4-5h, sowing the rice seeds which have germinated and long roots, wherein the sowing amount of the hybrid rice in each mu of the rice seedling bed is 25-30 kg, the sowing amount of the conventional rice is 50-60 kg, draining the compartment ditch water immediately after sowing, keeping the compartment surface in an anhydrous state until seedling shifting, and applying no fertilizer in the whole seedling raising period. Less fertilizer belongs to adverse circumstances, and proper stress resistance exercise is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings. If the seeds do not sink, the seeds can sink into the mud during sowing, thereby influencing germination.

Furthermore, the seedling block at the root of the rice seedling has the length of 50-70 cm, the width of 20-30 cm and the thickness of 1-4 cm.

Further, the field management specifically comprises the following steps:

(a) Topdressing: after the green turning of the rice, applying 30 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer after 7 to 15 days after the transplantation according to the seedling condition; the differentiation period of young ears of rice, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied by ear fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied by rice seedlings according to the condition of rice seedlings is 10 percent and 40 percent; the total amount of the three fertilizers is respectively as follows: the pure N of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 120.0kg/h square meter to 150.0kg/h square meter and the K of the potash fertilizer ₂ O is 96.0k g/h square meter to 120.0kg/h square meter and P is phosphate fertilizer ₂ O ₅ Is 60.0k g/h square meter to 75.0kg/h square meter;

(b) Water management: the water management is mainly to accumulate rainfall in the compartment ditch and is supplemented appropriately; the whole process of water management mainly comprises water retention and water storage; draining water mainly in young ear differentiation stage and after milk stage;

(c) Disease, insect and grass control: the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds mainly take biological prevention and control as well as physical prevention and control and chemical prevention and control as assistance.

Furthermore, 20-40 kg of compound fertilizer is mixed in each mu of wet soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) The soil plough layer structure is changed, and an ecological soil belt, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom;

2) The full returning and flattening treatment of crop straws is realized at one time, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is applied, so that the four-position integration of root, fertilizer, mud and water is realized, and the fertilizer is saved and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved;

3) The deep groove formed during soil taking is utilized to improve the drainage capacity and the water storage capacity, so that the water content of the compartment soil is reduced, the soil ventilation is improved, and the utilization efficiency of natural precipitation is improved;

drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the trenching soil sampler, the conveyor and the agitator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transverse conveyor belt and a transverse distribution chute according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seedling shaper in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the invention includes a tractor 1 and a lifting device 21 for controlling the vertical position of a transverse mounting frame 3, the lifting device 21 is mounted on the tractor 1, the lifting device 21 adopts a mechanical arm, the driving end of the mechanical arm is fixedly connected with the transverse mounting frame 3, a rice transplanter 2 is mounted on the transverse mounting frame 3, a stirrer 4 and a ditching and soil-taking device 5 are sequentially mounted on the transverse mounting frame 3 from front to back, a conveying belt 6 for conveying soil to the stirrer 4 is mounted between the stirrer 4 and the ditching and soil-taking device 5, a fertilizer box 7 is mounted above the stirrer 4, the outlet of the fertilizer box 7 is communicated with the inlet of the stirrer 4, and the outlet of the stirrer 4 is located at the rear side of the rice transplanter 2. The distance between the bottom of the transplanter and the ground is 20 cm, a seedling shaping device 8 is arranged on the lower side of a seedling outlet of the transplanter 2, as shown in figure 4, the seedling shaping device 8 is arranged on the lower side of the seedling outlet of the transplanter, the seedling shaping device 8 comprises a vertical part and a bending part connected with the lower end of the vertical part, and the bending part of the bending part is arranged upwards. The seedling trimming device 8 is 5-20 cm away from the ground and 15 cm long. The working principle is as follows: when the seedling falls vertically, the root of the seedling touches the bending part of the curved knife, so that the seedling is transversely and transversely swung by the belt. The rice seedlings pass through the seedling shaping device, after falling to the ground, the rice seedlings swing transversely, the roots of the rice seedlings are in the landing positions, the tops of the rice seedlings are in the vertical positions of the root parts and the machine body connecting line of the rice transplanter, and the rice seedlings are naturally placed, so that ecological soil can cover the roots of the rice seedlings and is prevented from covering the rice seedlings. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a transverse conveyor belt 9 is installed at the lower end of the outlet of the stirrer 4, a transverse distribution groove 10 is installed at the lower side of the transverse conveyor belt 9, and a plurality of sowing holes 11 are formed in the transverse distribution groove 10 from front to back. The lateral transfer belt 9 is surface-mounted with a plurality of soil guard plates 12. The rice transplanter 2 and the transverse conveying belt 9 are arranged on the same straight line, and the distance between the ditching soil sampler 5 and the straight line is 30-50 cm. The conveyor belt 6 is a lifting conveyor belt.

The rice transplanter can select a coal-moistening agricultural machine 2ZG-6DM riding type high-speed rice transplanter, the ditching soil sampler can select a medium-sized disc type ditching machine of Xinxing mechanical equipment Limited company, the stirrer can select a 250-type vertical flat-mouth stirrer of ingenious creative mechanical equipment practical suppliers, and the lifting device selects a power-assisted manipulator of the type SLJ-50.

A no-tillage root-pressing cultivation method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

conventional planting of previous crops, harvesting → preparation of rice seedling raising field → rice seedling raising → rice transplanting → rice management.

1) Planting previous crops such as rape, green manure and early rice according to a conventional method: can be transplanted or directly sowed; can be divided into compartments or be formed into a surface by one-piece hump. The straws are harvested by a harvester after being mature, and do not need to be treated.

And performing conventional water management before harvesting the previous stubbles.

2) And (3) performing rice seedling field soil preparation 18d to 32d before harvesting of the previous stubbles, performing conventional soil preparation: irrigating water to maintain 3 cm water layer on the surface of the field, and ploughing and then rotary tillage and leveling. After leveling, the compartment is divided into compartments according to the width of the compartment of 1.5 meters, the width of the ditch of 0.3 meters and the depth of 0.2 meters. The compartment surface mud is pasty after the compartment is divided, and the compartment surface is smooth.

3) And (4) after soil preparation, raising rice seedlings, and sowing after the pasty mud on the surface of the seedling bed is settled for 4-5 h. Sowing the rice seeds which have germinated and grown roots. The seeding rate of hybrid rice in each mu of rice field is 25-30 kg, and the seeding rate of conventional rice is 50-60 kg. Draining the ditch water of the compartment immediately after sowing, and keeping the compartment surface in an anhydrous state until seedling shifting; no fertilizer is applied in the whole seedling raising period.

4) Transplanting the rice, and transplanting the rice after harvesting the previous stubble. The seedlings are taken from the seedling bed by adopting a manual or mechanical seedling shoveling mode, and the shoveled seedling blocks are 58 cm in length, 28 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness. The rice transplanter is operated to lift the rice transplanting device, the rice seedling is transplanted in a seedling throwing mode instead of a rice transplanting mode, and seedling placing and root soil covering are completed by the seedling arranging device and the soil covering device after the rice seedling falls to the ground.

5) The seedling shaping device for transplanting rice is a mechanism for controlling the posture of seedlings after landing, and can make them swing after landing, and make the root portion be in the seedling landing position, and make the top portion of the seedling be in the vertical position of the connection line of root portion and rice transplanter body, and naturally place them.

6) The soil covering device for rice transplanting comprises soil taking, soil conveying, stirring, distributing and soil falling mechanisms. The soil taking machine is an inverted furrow opener, takes out soil from the rice field by rotating opposite to the travelling wheels and forms a small ditch with the width of 25 cm and the depth of 35 cm; the soil conveying mechanism is a conveying belt and conveys the taken soil to the stirring mechanism; the stirring mechanism is a stirrer, and the compound fertilizer and the taken soil are mixed according to the using amount of 30 kilograms of the compound fertilizer per mu to form ecological soil which effectively provides water for the root system of the rice; the distribution mechanism is a conveying belt provided with a plurality of soil retaining plates and conveys ecological soil formed by mixing compound fertilizer and soil to the sowing holes; the soil falling mechanism is a device which is provided with a guide plate and used for controlling the ecological soil formed by mixing the compound fertilizer and the soil to fall on the ground in an oriented manner, and the ecological soil falling from the sowing holes is scattered on the ground surface in an oriented manner by the soil falling mechanism; the guide plate (not shown in figure 3) is a V-shaped mechanism with an open lower end and guides the ecological soil formed after the compound fertilizer and the soil are mixed to directionally scatter.

7) And (3) field management:

(a) Topdressing: after the green turning of the rice, 30 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied after 7 to 15 days after the transplantation according to the seedling condition; the differentiation period of young ears of rice, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied by ear fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied by rice seedlings according to the condition of rice seedlings is 10 percent and 40 percent; the total amount of the three fertilizers is respectively as follows: the pure N of the nitrogen fertilizer is 120.0kg/h square meter to 150.0kg/h square meter and the potassium fertilizer is K ₂ O is 96.0k g/h square meter to 120.0kg/h square meter and P is phosphate fertilizer ₂ O ₅ Is 60.0 kg/h square meter to 75.0kg/h square meter;

(b) Water management: the water management is mainly to accumulate rainfall in the compartment ditch and is supplemented appropriately; the whole process of water management mainly comprises water retention and water storage; draining water mainly in the young ear differentiation stage and after the milk stage;

(c) Disease, insect and grass control: the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds are mainly biological prevention and control, and physical prevention and control and chemical prevention and control are auxiliary.

The invention discloses a method for pressing roots and covering during no-tillage rice transplanting, which aims to solve the problems of difficult surface soil treatment, difficult seedling transplanting, difficult fertilization and difficult grass control after no-tillage rice transplanting, and has the following mechanical principle: the soil covering device for rice transplantation comprises a soil taking device, a soil conveying device, a stirring device and a distributing device. The soil taking machine is a ditching soil taking device, soil is taken out of the rice field, and a small ditch with the width of 25 cm and the depth of 35 cm is formed; the soil conveying mechanism is a conveying belt and conveys soil to the stirrer; mixing the compound fertilizer with the taken soil by a stirrer to form ecological soil; the distribution mechanism is a transverse conveying belt and conveys the ecological soil to the sowing holes; the ecological soil is directionally covered on the roots of the seedlings which have transversely landed through the sowing holes. The invention has the advantages that: 1) The soil taken out of the ditch is uniformly mixed with the compound fertilizer to form ecological soil, which is beneficial to the integration of the fertilizer and the soil and improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; 2) The three-free three-transformation of rice transplantation is realized: no-tillage, no-finishing paddy field and no-irrigation paddy field water; soil and fertilizer integration, water and fertilizer integration and straw and chemical fertilizer integration; the ecological benefit is obvious: reduce irrigation water, reduce weight and drug consumption.

The soil preparation of rice planting is a key link, field soaking water is the main water consumption, and if the soil is not prepared and the field soaking water is not irrigated, transformation and upgrading of rice production can be realized. The straw is spatially pressed by soil, so that the burning-free straw is realized, and the straw can be returned to the field in situ in full quantity; ditching and soil taking are carried out, and the ditching and soil taking are mixed with the chemical fertilizer, so that the integrated feeding of the fertilizer and soil is realized, and no tillage and no irrigation of field water are realized; the straw is used as the compartment surface base mat in time, so that zero agriculture consumption of the previous crop harvesting and early rice transplanting is realized, and the time for processing the straw is saved; the ecological soil formed by taking the soil taken out by ditching as the main body covers the roots of the rice in a pressing way, so that the humidity of the roots is kept, the time for irrigating and soaking the field is saved, and the time for soil preparation is also saved. Meanwhile, the middle and lower Yangtze river areas generally adopt a double cropping rice and winter crop one-year triple cropping or rice oil double cropping and rice green manure planting system, the multiple cropping index is high, the land fertility loss is serious, and the soil compaction and cover sealing mode is favorable for improving the soil water retention capacity and fertilizing the land fertility.

The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the stubble-remaining machine utilizes the L-shaped bearing straws carried by the seeder to press down and flatten the stubble, and compacts and flattens the crushed straws pushed out from the tail part of the harvester to form a relatively flat straw layer, and forms an ecological compartment surface of the straw layer and a soil layer from top to bottom, thereby changing the soil plough layer structure and realizing the in-situ straw coverage; the rice transplanter is operated to lift the transplanting device, the transplanting mode is replaced by the rice seedling throwing mode, the seedling is controlled by the seedling adjusting device to swing after falling to the ground, the root of the seedling is at the landing position, and the top of the seedling is at the vertical position of the connecting line of the root and the transplanter body, and is naturally placed. The soil covering device covers soil of the mixed fertilizer on the roots of the rice to complete the rice transplanting process. The soil covering device comprises a soil taking, soil conveying, stirring, distributing and soil falling mechanism: taking out soil from a rice field to form a small ditch with the width of 25 cm and the depth of 35 cm, conveying the small ditch to a certain height, stirring, mixing the compound fertilizer and the taken-out soil according to the dosage of 30 kg of the compound fertilizer per mu to form ecological soil, conveying the ecological soil to a sowing hole through a distribution mechanism, and directionally scattering the ecological soil on the ground surface through a soil falling mechanism. The compartment ditch has double functions of accumulating natural precipitation and efficiently draining water, improves the water utilization efficiency and the soil air permeability, realizes the effective coupling of a rice root system, a chemical fertilizer and a water resource, and achieves the purposes of water retention, fertilizer retention and yield increase. The technology of the invention can realize the three-freedom in the rice transplanting link: no-tillage, no-treatment of rice straw and no-irrigation of field water, and has obvious ecological benefit: reduce operation energy consumption, eliminate the use of pesticide for stubble cleaning and reduce irrigation water.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the ecological soil: soil is taken out of the paddy field by a reversed furrow opener through the reverse rotation of the travelling wheels, and then the soil is mixed with the soil in a ratio of 100: 0.5-0.8, and fertilizer, covering the root of rice, wherein the ecological function is as follows:

firstly, nutrition and moisture are effectively provided for the rice root system, the content of the fertilizer in the ecological soil is 0.5-0.8%, the rice root system is ensured to be nearby and effectively absorbed, and a fertile soil environment is formed;

secondly, the straw layer is further compacted, and because the connecting line of the roots of the rice colony is strip-shaped, the covering soil is correspondingly strip-shaped, namely, one ecological soil is compacted every 20 cm or so, the straw layer is promoted to improve the evaporation-proof and soil-erosion-proof capabilities;

thirdly, the straw layer is promoted to form a sponge body, and the straw is pressed by the upper ecological soil to form a water retention layer similar to the sponge body;

fourthly, the function of oxygen enrichment, the sponge-like body formed by the straws can store air for the rice roots to breathe and metabolize;

fifthly, the fertilizer preserving function is realized, when chemical fertilizer in the ecological soil is dissolved and seeps downwards, the chemical fertilizer is firstly absorbed and accumulated by the straws, the upper layer is also covered by the ecological soil to avoid volatilization, and the lower layer is provided with a topsoil liner which is not ploughed to delay seepage;

sixthly, the straw cleaning function is realized, and the straw cleaning function is realized by adopting no tillage and ecological soil to pave and press the straws so as to provide a base plane for seedling transplantation, so that the straw cleaning and utilizing function is realized.

Claims (10)

1. A rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, scattering the harvested straws of previous crops on a rice field to form a straw layer;

s2, placing the rice seedlings on the straw layer, enabling the roots and the seedling parts of the rice seedlings to transversely swing on the straw layer, and enabling the roots of all the rice seedlings to be located on the same straight line;

s3, mixing the compound fertilizer with soil to form ecological soil;

s4, covering the roots of the rice seedlings with ecological soil;

s5, field management;

the device adopted by the rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method comprises a tractor (1) and a lifting device (21) for controlling the position of a transverse mounting rack (3) in the vertical direction, the lifting device (21) is installed on the tractor (1), the lifting device (21) adopts a mechanical arm, the driving end of the mechanical arm is fixedly connected with the transverse mounting rack (3), a rice transplanter (2) is installed on the transverse mounting rack (3), a stirrer (4) and a ditching soil sampler (5) are sequentially installed on the transverse mounting rack (3) from front to back, a conveying belt (6) for conveying soil into the stirrer (4) is installed between the stirrer (4) and the ditching soil sampler (5), a fertilizer box (7) is installed above the stirrer (4), the outlet of the fertilizer box (7) is communicated with the inlet of the stirrer (4), the outlet of the stirrer (4) is positioned on the back side of the stirrer (2), a seedling shaper (8) is installed on the lower side of the outlet of the rice transplanter, the seedling shaper (8) comprises a vertical part and a bending part connected with the lower end of the vertical part, the bending part of the rice transplanter is provided with a plurality of transverse grooves (9) which are distributed on the lower side of the transverse conveyer belt (9), a plurality of transverse distributor (10) arranged on the lower end of the rice transplanter, and a plurality of transverse distributor (9) arranged on the lower side of the transverse distributor (9) arranged on the rice transplanter, the surface of the transverse conveying belt (9) is provided with a plurality of retaining plates (12).

2. The method for cultivating paddy rice with no tillage by pressing roots as recited in claim 1, wherein a soil pick-up is used to open furrows in the paddy field, and soil in S3 is taken out, and the furrowed furrows are located between two adjacent rows of paddy rice seedlings.

3. The rice root-pressing no-tillage cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the width of the furrows is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the furrows is 30-40 cm.

4. The method of no-tillage planting rice seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the ecological soil covered in S4 is strip-shaped, covers the roots of the entire row of rice seedlings and covers the straw layers between the roots of the adjacent rice seedlings.

5. The method for no-tillage with root-pressed rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation of the rice seedling bed and the raising of the rice seedlings are carried out 18d to 32d before harvesting of the previous crop in S1.

6. The method for cultivating rice with no tillage by pressing roots as recited in claim 5, wherein the preparation of the rice seedling bed comprises the steps of: and (3) irrigating water to keep a water layer of 2-4 cm on the field surface, ploughing, rotary tillage and leveling, dividing the compartment after leveling, wherein mud on the compartment surface is pasty after dividing the compartment, and the compartment surface is flat.

7. The method for cultivating rice with no tillage by pressing root according to claim 5, wherein the raising of rice seedlings comprises the steps of: and (3) sowing after the rice seedling bed compartment surface is pasty mud sinks for 4-5h, sowing the rice seeds which have germinated and long roots, wherein the sowing amount of the hybrid rice in each mu of the rice seedling bed is 25-30 kg, the sowing amount of the conventional rice is 50-60 kg, draining the compartment ditch water immediately after sowing, keeping the compartment surface in an anhydrous state until seedling shifting, and applying no fertilizer in the whole seedling raising period.

8. The method for cultivating rice under reduced pressure without tillage as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the root of the rice seedling has a seedling piece length of 50 to 70 cm, a width of 20 to 30 cm, and a thickness of 1 to 4 cm.

9. The method for root-pressing no-tillage cultivation of rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the field management specifically comprises the steps of:

(a) Topdressing: after the green turning of the rice, applying 30 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer after 7 to 15 days after the transplantation according to the seedling condition; the differentiation period of young ears of rice, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied by ear fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied by rice seedlings according to the condition of rice seedlings is 10 percent and 40 percent; the total amount of the three fertilizers is respectively as follows: the pure N of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 120.0kg/h square meter to 150.0kg/h square meter and the K of the potash fertilizer ₂ O isSquare meter of 96.0 kg/h to 120.0kg/h and P ₂ O ₅ Is 60.0k g/h square meter to 75.0kg/h square meter;

(b) Water management: the water management is mainly based on rainfall accumulated in the compartment ditch, and the water is supplemented properly; the whole process of water management mainly comprises water retention and water storage; draining water mainly in young ear differentiation stage and after milk stage;

(c) Disease, insect and grass control: the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds mainly take biological prevention and control as well as physical prevention and control and chemical prevention and control as assistance.

10. The method for no-tillage planting rice as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein 20 to 40 kg of the compound fertilizer is mixed with each mu of moist soil.

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