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CN1135988C - 肉毒毒素在制备治疗前列腺疾病中的药物组合物中的应用 - Google Patents

肉毒毒素在制备治疗前列腺疾病中的药物组合物中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1135988C
CN1135988C CNB988091291A CN98809129A CN1135988C CN 1135988 C CN1135988 C CN 1135988C CN B988091291 A CNB988091291 A CN B988091291A CN 98809129 A CN98809129 A CN 98809129A CN 1135988 C CN1135988 C CN 1135988C
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理查德·A·施米特
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Abstract

本发明涉及治疗神经-泌尿系疾病的方法,该方法是通过使用至少一种神经毒素来完成的。

Description

肉毒毒素在制备治疗前列腺疾病中的 药物组合物中的应用
本发明领域
本发明提供了治疗神经元介导的泌尿系及相关疾病的方法,例如,良性前列腺增生(BPH)和前列腺炎。该方法是通过使用一种包括至少一种神经毒性化合物的组合物或者使用常规疗法来完成的。
发明背景
许多泌尿系内科疾病根源于骶骨反射弧的痉挛性功能障碍。这些疾病的例子包括:骨盆痛(如间质性膀胱炎、子宫内膜炎、前列腺痛、尿道不稳定性综合症)、骨盆肌筋膜病(如提肌括约肌、痛经、肛瘘、痔疮)、尿失禁(如不稳定的膀胱、不稳定的括约肌)、前列腺疾病(如BPH、前列腺炎、前列腺癌)、复发感染(继发于括约肌痉挛)和尿潴留(继发于痉挛的括约肌、肥大的膀胱颈)、和神经元性膀胱功能障碍(如帕金森病、脊髓损伤、中风、多发性硬化、痉挛反射)。
前列腺是男性生殖系统的部分含腺的腺体和部分纤维肌性腺体。在成长过程中,前列腺逐渐增大(肥大)。这种前列腺增大可导致尿道阻塞和排泄功能障碍。
前列腺增大在年龄较大男性中普遍存在。Lytton等(Ltton,B.,Emery,J.M.和Harvard,B.M.[1973]99:639-645)认为一个45岁的男性在70岁前有10%的前列腺手术危险率。美国Census报告估计目前有3千万人超过65岁。这部分人口在未来的30年后将增至5千万。因此,患有前列腺增大的男性数也将增加。根据《(国家肾和泌尿疾病顾问委员会)》的草案报告,美国1989年施行了425,000例前列腺切除术。根据人口增长估计,截止到2000年每年施行前列腺切除术的数量将增至800,000/年。
通向尿道外口的尿道是经过前列腺的(前列腺尿道)。前列腺有5个不同的叶,这些叶在胎儿12周时就很明显了(Lowsley,O.S.《(美国解剖学杂志)》[1912]13:299-349)。虽然出现在胎儿中的小叶分支在青春前期的前列腺中看不见了,但外侧中间的前叶和后叶可用于描述增大的前列腺。
一种更新的观点是前列腺也包括一些形态学上不同的区(McNeal,《(北美临床泌尿系杂志)》[1990]17(3):477-486)。含腺容积的大部分是由外周区组成(约70-75%)。含腺容积的剩余部分分为中心区(约20-25%)、过渡区(约5-10%)和尿道周含腺区(约1%)。
McNeal(1990)报道BPH出现在过渡区和尿道周的含腺区。BPH小结出现在前列腺前的括约肌区内部或紧邻该区。过渡区是接近尿道的一个小区,与近端的尿道括约肌密切相关。过渡区的基质稠密,对神经病所介导的生长控制失调不太敏感。其腺体穿过括约肌,而括约肌肌纤维穿过过渡基质。尿道周的含腺区有一个与过渡区类似的生尿窦起端。
BPH可能与同上皮相关的基质的增加量有关(Bartsch,G.,Muller,H.R.,Oberholzer,M.,Rohr,H.,P.,《(泌尿系杂志)》[1979]122:487-491)。基质的重要部分是被交感神经控制的平滑肌(McNeal1990)。这些平滑肌的收缩特性是由于在BPH中动态的阻塞成分所致(Bruschini,H.等[1978]《(泌尿学研究)》15(4):188-90;Lepor,H.[1990]《(北美临床泌尿学)》17(3):651-658)。
除前列腺基质的交感神经控制外,前列腺极易受神经支配。该前列腺神经纤维从后外侧进入前列腺,它含有邻近前列腺与精囊之间结合点的集中神经结(Maggi,C.A.,编辑[1993]《(泌尿生殖系统的神经控制)》HarwoodAcademic出版;Higgins,J.R.A.和Gosling,J.A.[1989]《(前列腺增刊)》2:5-16)。在这种腺体中已经对乙酰胆碱(ACH)、神经肽(NPY)、血管作用的肠肽(VIP)和去甲肾上腺素纤维进行了描述。ACH-正神经细胞体的富丛与该腺体的所有各部分的分泌腺泡有关。一些ACH纤维也含有NPY神经元。已发现含VIP的神经元与含ACH的神经细胞体有关。已发现偶然神经元存在于ACH染色的神经纤维之间,这提示NPY和去甲肾上腺素能神经元都供给平滑肌(Higgins,J.R.A.和Gosling,J.A.[1989]《(前列腺增刊)》2;5-16)。
自主神经均匀分布在前列腺的中心区和外周区之间(Higgins,J.R.A.和Gosling,J.A.[1989]《(前列腺增刊)》2:5-16)。外周的神经元控制是相似的,另外,未发现神经纤维的类型与这种腺体的上皮成分或基质成分有关。
对前列腺的神经纤维类型的解剖学研究,以及其它有关前列腺基质的神经支配的研究(Brushing H.,Schmidt,R.A.,Tanagho,E.A.,[1978]《(泌尿学研究)》15(4):288-290;Watanabe,H.,Shima,M.,Kojima,M,Phe,H.L.[1989]《(药学研究)》21(增刊2):85-94)提出胆碱能的神经支配影响上皮的行为,而肾上腺素能的神经支配影响基质的紧张性(兴奋性)。这些观察提供了α阻断剂在治疗BPH中的应用的理论基础。这些阻断剂的作用(Dowine,J.W.和Bialik,G.J.[1988]《(药学实验理论杂志)》246(1):352-358)也可以表现为BPH的症状改善,即α阻断剂引起功能障碍的纹状括约肌的行为减弱。研究也表明有一些速激肽(如P物质[SP]、降钙素基因相关肽[CGRP]、神经激肽A、缓激肽和神经生长因子[NGF])可影响平滑肌的紧张(Hakanson,等,[1987]《(神经科学)》21(3):943-950)。整个前列腺的神经递质受体已经被定量[如NPY、VIP、SP、亮脑啡呔(L-ehk)、甲硫氨酸脑啡呔、5-HT、抑生长素、乙酰胆碱酯酶正纤维(ACTH)和多巴胺β羟化酶(DBH)(Crowe,R,Chapple,C.R.,Bumstock,G.人的前列腺:自主神经和神经结中的神经肽、5-羟色胺、多巴胺β羟化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的组织化学和免疫组化研究)]。在良性前列腺增生的不同前列腺部位,受体密度有某些改变。
已表明有关电生理学记录的细胞行为和脊髓内神经肽的浓度的变化是用机械夹击大鼠尾部肌肉、导管刺激后尿道、和电刺激外周神经的继发性结果。逼尿肌和尿道括约肌之间的协同失调是在前列腺痛病人中的重要发现。已表明前列腺的去神经支配在前列腺的上皮内可产生动态变化。因此,这证实了通过机械、电、化学或热(微波、激光)等方法改变刺激行为,可在骶骨、脊髓、膀胱或尿道产生实验诱导的神经作用。然而,还没有发现有应用神经毒素进行治疗的尝试。
前列腺增生的程度与症状的严重性之间的相关性很小。80%70岁男性经直肠的超声扫描显示有BPH,而只有20%选择外科手术(Coffey,D.S.和Walsh,P.C.[1990]《(北美临床泌尿学)》17(3):461-47))对BPH进行治疗(Fowler,F.J.Jr.,Wennberg,J.E.,Timothy,R.P.[1988]《(美国医学会杂志)》259(20):3022-3028)。刺激的症状远远超过根据前列腺大小所预测的症状。通过下列方法如经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)(Christensen,Aagaard,M.M.J.,Madsec,P.O.[1990]《(北美临床泌尿学)》17(3):621-629)、气囊扩张术(Dowd,J.B.和Smith,J.J.III[1990]《北美临床泌尿学)》17(3):671-677)、或前列腺的高热处理(Baert,L.,Ameye,F.,Willemen,P.,等[1990]《(泌尿学杂志)》144:1383-1386),对BPH进行外科治疗后症状可以得到改善。但是,有15%之多的BPH患者仍存在症状(Baert,L.,Ameye,F.,Willemen,P.,等[1990]《(泌尿学杂志)》144:1383-1386;Wennberg,J.E.,Mully,A.G.,Hanley,D.,Timothy,R.P.,Fowler,F.J.,Roos,R.P.,Barry,M.J.等[1988]《美国医学会杂志)》259:3027-3030)。在长期的跟踪研究中,近25%BPH患者有继发过程。这表明外科方法并不能显示出产生BPH的基本机制、即对整个下段尿道的不良的神经影响(控制机制)。
反复手术、TURP的发病率和死亡率、以及手术费用,这些都导致人们去发展一些非外科学方法如雄激素去除法(MConnell,J.D.,[1990]《(北美临床泌尿学)》17(3):661-670)和使用上述的α阻断剂,但是,至今为止,很少有医学或外科学治疗方法可以使排泄行为恢复到正常状态(流速约25cc/秒和排泄体积约400cc)。
本发明使用化学和非化学方法,尤其是神经毒素,调节神经元介导的泌尿系及相关疾病。例如,这些方法可以用于治疗BPH及相关疾病如前列腺炎。本发明也可通过包括生物反馈的非化学方法、或通过治疗BPH和其它泌尿系疾病的化学方法即通过使用某些物质阻断各种神经活性(该物质如选择性神经毒素)来去除中枢神经系统(CNS)变化的触发物。
发明的目的和概述
本发明的一个目的是提供安全、廉价的预防和治疗泌尿系-神经性功能障碍或疾病如前列腺增大的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于这种治疗目的的组合物。还有一个目的是提供用作预防和治疗神经-泌尿系疾病的组合物的使用剂量和使用方法。
本发明的其它目的对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。
本发明一个方面提供了治疗哺乳动物的泌尿系-神经性疾病的方法,这些方法包括对哺乳动物使用治疗上有效量的至少一种神经毒素这一步骤。优选的是神经毒素抑制突触功能。这种抑制产生选择性去神经支配,例如前列腺萎缩和与前列腺增大有关的刺激症状的逆转。在本发明的一个实施方式中,神经毒素通过在肌神经的连接处的特异性结合和乙酰胆碱释放的阻断而引起突触前的神经元末梢的功能障碍。这种神经毒素可以是如A型肉毒毒素(波托毒素(Botox),变应原)。
优选的是,神经毒素应安全、选择性高并与其它疗法结合使用时给药容易。其它有用的神经毒素包括辣椒辣素、树脂状毒素(resinoferatoxin)和α-银环蛇毒素。神经毒素可以通过任何适当的方式给药。一种方便且局限的给药方法是注射。
神经毒素的治疗上有效量是指一种足以抑制神经元活性至少一周、更优选是一个月、最优选是约6-8个月或更长的剂量。剂量可以是单一剂量或累积量(逐次剂量),这对于本领域技术人员来说是很容易确定的。神经毒素可以连续释放(即每月一次,每次6个月)以便得到最佳的治疗效果。本领域技术人员很容易确定这种剂量方案,可根据如病人年龄大小和所治疗的疾病,还可根据许多因素,包括所选择的神经毒素、所治疗的疾病、严重程度和其它变化来确定。一种推荐的治疗BPH的方案是每3天用200单位Botox,直至LD50或者直至约2500单位。
上述治疗方法特别有用于长期控制神经-泌尿系疾病而不需要介入外科手术,例如控制前列腺增大症状。而且,本发明的方法可以以高度选择的方式控制神经-泌尿系疾病如BPH和相关疾病,而不会产生潜在的副作用,也不会像现有的治疗方式那样造成治疗失败。
优选实施方式的详细说明
“泌尿系-神经性疾病或失调”包括许多泌尿内科疾病,它根源于骶骨反射弧的痉挛性功能障碍和/或退化。这些疾病的实例包括:骨盆痛(如间质性膀胱炎、子宫内膜炎、前列腺痛、尿道不稳定性综合症)、骨盆肌筋膜病(如提肌括约肌、痛经、肛瘘、痔疮)、尿失禁(如运动原或传感器、不稳定的膀胱、不稳定的括约肌)、前列腺疾病(如BPH、前列腺癌)、复发感染(继发于括约肌痉挛)和尿潴留(继发于痉挛的括约肌、肥大的膀胱颈)、和神经元性膀胱功能障碍(如帕金森病、脊髓损伤、中风、多发性硬化、痉挛反射)以及其它这种神经性的泌尿系疾病。
可用本发明方法治疗的前列腺增大可以是任何病因引起的。本发明特别适用于治疗前列腺增生,尤其是良性前列腺增生。本发明也可用于治疗感染的前列腺增大(前列腺炎),尤其是非细菌性前列腺炎。另外,本发明方法可用于治疗前列腺痛。
在不受理论制约的情况下,本发明的治疗神经-泌尿系疾病的根据是去除或调节用于调整受影响组织的功能障碍的神经基础(neural basis)。例如,调节前列腺腺体功能障碍的神经基础可以通过本领域已知的任何非外科方法实现。这些方法包括,如生物反馈、α阻断剂、药理学方法和使用一种或多种神经毒素抑制受影响腺体的突触功能。优选的是神经毒素可长期抑制突触功能,优选大于一周、更优选是大于一个月、最优选是约6-8个月或更长。这种神经毒素可包括,例如辣椒毒素、树脂状毒素、α-银环蛇毒素(bungotoxin)、海豚毒素和肉毒毒素。根据本发明肉毒毒素是优选的神经毒素,特别优选肉毒毒素A,更优选是Botox(变应原)。
可以将毒素配制成任何药学上可接受的制剂和剂型。这些剂型和制剂包括液体、粉剂、膏剂、乳剂、丸剂、锭剂、栓剂、悬浮剂、溶液等等。这种毒素也可使用任何制造商提供的任何药学上可接受的剂型。
在本发明方法的优选实施方式中,神经毒素是A型肉毒毒素。治疗上有效量的肉毒毒素可以是小于毒性剂量的任何量或剂量,例如小于约3000IU/70kg成人,优选100IU-1200IU/70kg成人。该剂量可以单一剂量给药,或者分次给药如分成4周的给药量。
本发明的神经毒素可以以任何适当的方式给药。在本发明的优选实施方式中,肉毒毒素是通过注射给药。这种注射可以是任何受影响的部位。例如,神经毒素可以通过尿道镜以200IU的单一剂量或逐次剂量注射到前列腺中。优选的是,神经毒素每3天注射一次,直至达到治疗效果或者直至约2500单位。
下面是用于本发明的技术:用于光学显微镜的组织制备
在0.1M、pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中的6%三聚甲醛中将组织固定24小时,在分级醇和二甲苯中脱水,再包埋在石蜡中。切成片,并用适当的染色剂如苏木精/伊红染色。用于电子显微镜的组织制备
采集组织并在0.1M、pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中的2.5%戊二醛中、于4℃将组织固定1小时,然后用0.1%四氧化锇培养1小时,再包埋在EPON中。制成超薄切片(80mm),并用柠檬酸铅/乙酸双氧铀染色,再用电子显微镜(Philips,201型)进行测定。用于编程性细胞死亡的Tunel染色
按上述方法对组织进行固定和包埋。将组织脱蜡并与蛋白酶K(Boehringer)反应。用过氧化物酶和TDT酶进一步处理,再在37℃的加湿器中放置1小时。中洗切片,加入抗洋地黄毒苷30分钟,接着用镍DAB(二氨基苯)染色。免疫组化研究
用适当的单克隆抗体测定前列腺组织中的神经肽VIP、SP、NPY、L-Enk和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的存在以及转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、转化生长因子c(TGF-α)、表皮生长因子(EGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的表达。使用神经毒素可导致前列腺萎缩,这可通过被治疗的前列腺组织中的生长因子含量减少得到应证。
用初级抗体将切片在室温下培养一夜,然后用亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶(Vectastain Elite ABC,Vetor实验室,美国)进行免疫染色。在这些制剂中使用了抗神经递质VIP、CGRP、SP、NPY和L-Enk(Peninsula实验室,美国)的兔多克隆抗血清,按1∶8000和1∶12,000稀释。免疫细胞化学控制是用适当抗原预吸收初级抗血清、或者用正常血清取代初级抗血清(Blasi,J.,Chapman,E.R.,Yamaskai,S.,Binz,T.,Niemann,H和Jahn,R.[1993]《(EMBO杂志)》12:4821-4828;Black,J.D.和Dolly,J.O.[1986]《(细胞生物学杂志)》103:535-544;Linial,M.[1995]Is.J.Med.Sci.31:591-595)。在载玻片上装片后,将切片用伊红进行对染,脱水并制成盖玻片。生长因子表达的蛋白质印迹分析
通过蛋白质印迹分析法测定已处理的和未处理的前列腺细胞匀浆液的生长因子表达。经SDS-PAGE(7%)上的电泳分离细胞匀浆蛋白,然后经一液电泳转移至硝酸纤维素纸上(Towbin,H.,等,[1979]Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.76(9):4350-4379)。在室温下将硝酸纤维素纸在溶解于磷酸缓冲盐水中的0.5%脱脂奶粉中浸湿1小时,再在4℃下在封闭溶液(10mM Tris/0.15MNaCl/0.1%叠氮钠中的2%牛血清白蛋白,pH7.4)中浸湿一夜。在封闭缓冲液中用被蛋白质A(1×106cpm/ml)纯化的抗体(抗TGF-β、抗TGF-α、抗EGF和抗bFGF的IgG组分)将硝酸纤维素膜培养1小时。培养间隙用含乙基苯基聚乙二醇的PBS冲洗该膜。将X-O-mat AR2薄膜(Kodak)对在-70℃下的这种硝酸纤维素膜曝光,显影此薄膜用于测定生长因子的表达。c-fos和c-myc表达的测定
用Northern印迹分析法  对已处理的和未处理的前列腺组织中的c-fos和c-myc的表达测定如下将组织在裂解缓中液中匀浆15秒或直至得到组织匀浆液。加入乙酸钠,旋动混合该溶液。加入等体积的水饱和的酚,通过倒置混合,接着加入氯仿/异戊醇。用力使溶液产生旋涡30秒,并在冰上放置15分钟。在4℃将溶液离心10-20分钟。离心后,仔细吸出含水相,置于一个新的聚丙烯试管中。加入一体积的异丙醇,旋动混合该溶液。将溶液在-20℃的冷冻箱中放置至少60分钟,以沉淀RNA。沉淀后,将试管离心10分钟,倾析出上清液,分离出RNA粒状沉淀。加入1ml乙醇,将试管再离心10分钟。弃去含水相,通过产生旋涡,用100%乙醇冲洗粒状沉淀。将RNA粒状沉淀在0.4ml裂解缓冲液中再次溶解。通过加入100%乙醇和在-20℃的冷冻箱中培养至少60分钟,从而沉淀出RNA。离心该溶液,并弃去上清液。通过在995μLDEPC中稀释5μL样品来测定RNA浓度,并检测在260/280nm处的吸收率。
下面的实施例是为了描述特定的实施方式,而不是以任何方式限定本
发明的范围。实施例1前列腺的神经切除术
通过摘除覆盖在大鼠前列腺上的骨盆神经节来实现前列腺的单侧神经切除术。这种方法保存了膀胱和后尿道的功能完整性,并且排除了由于严重的血流或排尿失调而引起伪影的可能性。对照组动物进行假手术而不同时进行前列腺神经切除术。神经切除后,将动物恢复原状,并喂养直至采集前列腺。保存此前列腺,以用于光学显微镜检测和组织学检测。主要发现:(1)上皮细胞高度降低,主要是由于清晰的核上区减少(由于顶端潴泡和内质网的数量减少和大小减少);(2)蛋白质在SDS凝胶电泳中的表达发生重要改变(内质网在蛋白质合成中极为重要);(3)分泌颗粒的数量适度减少;(4)细胞内空泡、细胞间空腔增加,细胞表面的微绒毛减少;和(5)相对于对照组,同侧神经切除的神经生长因子(NGF)含量显著增加(188±10vs.46±20vs.29±16pg/g湿组织(±SD))。已知NGF仅受交感神经和感觉神经影响。对照组和实验组中N均为15。实施例2神经毒素注射对正常前列腺的影响:大鼠前列腺
将大鼠随机分成3组。第一组接受注射急性单一剂量为5、10或15IU的A型肉毒毒素(Botox,变应原)。注射一周后杀死这些动物。第二组接受5IU肉毒毒素的4周逐次注射,5周后杀死动物。对照组大鼠接受盐水注射。注射是在前列腺的左和/或右腹侧叶进行单一或逐次注射。注意,在大鼠前列腺一叶中注入亚甲蓝后,立即扩散到对叶。因此,前列腺各叶之间存在相互关联,对侧叶因而不能作为真实的对比对照。
从健康动物采集的每个前列腺腹侧叶的重量约为0.50g。所有经毒素处理的动物出现前列腺体积缩小。首先在受注射的叶中,通过后来的注射,总体积减少了。相继4次注射后,左前列腺叶重0.12-0.17g,而右叶重0.10-0.14g。这说明减少了原大小的三分之二以上。实施例3神经毒素注射对泌尿系功能障碍的影响:人的数据
对3个患有难治的排泄功能障碍的病人按如下进行肉毒毒素(Botox)注射治疗。第1个病人是患有尿失禁的47岁男性,继发于14个月前出现的颈椎(C6-C7水平)持续损伤。所呈现的尿动力学显示膀胱容量为30cc和括约肌无力(尿道峰压为40cm水)。该病人接受了多种药物治疗均失败了,他无法忍受阴茎夹/阴茎套装置。
他接受了将200IU肉毒毒素注射到膀胱颈的治疗,共进行4周,总剂量800IU。注射后,他的膀胱容量用奥昔布宁(oxybutinin)测出为300-400cc,不用奥昔布宁时他的膀胱容量为150-200cc。注射前膀胱的峰压为200cm水,对比注射后的膀胱压为40cm水。进行肉毒毒素治疗后,这个病人对阴茎夹能够克制。另外,由于降低了膀胱的痉挛,行走和勃起都得到了改善。
第二个病人是患有T12下身轻瘫的55岁女性,继发于14年前的外伤。这个病人无法克制排尿的欲望,并且已经施行自行导管插入,白天每2小时一次,夜晚两次。病人接受在膀胱外侧壁每次注射200IU肉毒毒素的治疗,共进行2周,总量为400IU。病人的日排尿量显示注射前的容量为150-200cc。注射后,日排尿量表明膀胱容量增至300-400cc。另外,病人不再有令人烦恼的连续不断的欲望型功能障碍,能睡整夜觉,并能忍受每4小时一次的自行导管插入。
第3个病人是患有无能为力的会阴痛的65岁男性,是由于前列腺癌的放疗所致。这个病人进行过治疗,都失败了。对他进行在外尿道括约肌注射200IU肉毒毒素的治疗。这个病人感觉到一种戏剧性的睾丸疼痛减轻,和阴茎体的剧痛几乎消失。勃起不再受影响。实施例4最小有效量的确定
将单一和逐次剂量的肉毒毒素(Botox)注射在大鼠前列腺的腹侧叶中。在不同时间间隔收集前列腺,以确定最小有效量以及同时出现的形态学和生理学改变。最小有效量是根据能证明前列腺体积减小的剂量来确定的。
为了评价对电场刺激的反应,将标本安装在置于器官浴(organ bath)中的两个铂电极之间。调整标本的张力。用传递单个方波脉冲的DantedNeuromatic 2000刺激仪、在超大电压下进行神经透壁刺激,持续时间为0.8毫秒,频率0.5-80Hz。在极性变化单位的每次脉冲后改变电极的极性。该训练持续时间为5秒,训练间隔120秒。用Gould热屏8频道记录仪记录等容张力。进行几次实验测定产生最佳效应的预载张力。另外,测定在存在不同浓度的各个神经肽时电场刺激的作用。这些神经肽有:10-20μM肾上腺素、10μM可乐定、5-50mM酚胺唑啉、10nM-0.1μM乙酰胆碱、1-3μM阿托品、1nM-10μM硝苯地平、1-10nM VIP和1-250nM NPY。在这些组织中,还检测了硝普盐(一种释放氮氧化物的物质)和亚甲蓝(一种鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂)对由场刺激引起的前列腺弹性和萎缩的影响。实施例5肉毒毒素对大鼠前列腺组织的影响:激素未受损的大鼠与丧失激素的大鼠的比较
为了确定神经毒素和睾丸激素之间是否存在任何相互作用,进行了确定神经毒素和激素成分之间关系的研究。这些研究将比较从已施行睾丸切除术的大鼠(去激素大鼠)收集的并用肉毒毒素处理的前列腺组织,和未施行睾丸切除术的用肉毒毒素处理的大鼠的前列腺组织。将52只年龄匹配大鼠按如下处理。4只健康大鼠将进行包含麻醉诱导的假性手术,暴露出前列腺,将0.2cc盐水注射到前列腺的左腹侧叶中。有3只大鼠进行了两侧睾丸切除术,而没有对前列腺进行注射(去激素对照组),有5只大鼠进行了睾丸切除术,并在左腹侧叶注射了0.2ml盐水(去激素+手术应力对照组)。4组大鼠仅接受注射0.5IU、1.0IU、1.5IU和2.5IU肉毒毒素(激素未受损的实验大鼠)。有16只大鼠进行了两侧睾丸切除术。这些大鼠中,有8只在手术后5周在左腹侧叶一次注射了2.5IU肉毒毒素。6周后杀死所有大鼠,按上面所述制备收集的前列腺以用于检测。预期产生类似的腺上皮萎缩作用。实施例6肉毒毒素对病人的影响
对患有良性前列腺增生、非细菌性前列腺炎或前列腺痛的患者进行了肉毒毒素治疗前后的研究。如果是40-80岁患有BPH、或者25-60岁诊断为非细菌性前列腺炎或前列腺痛的患者,均适宜此研究。优选的患者是那些不适宜外科手术者。治疗前,通过测定前列腺特定抗原水平(PSA)、评价尿动力学参数(膀胱内压图、尿道压力图和流量)、确定美国泌尿学会(AUA)症状的评分(Barry,M.J.,等[1992]《(泌尿学杂志)》148:1549-1577)、日排泄量的维持、和用活检经直肠超声对前列腺进行检测(仅用于BPH患者)来评价患者。完成初始评价一周后,通过尿道镜对患者注射200IU肉毒毒素,可以一次单侧注射、逐次单侧注射或者两侧注射。一次注射后7天或逐次注射后5周,通过TURP对BPH患者进行治疗,或者进行对照TRUP活检。按照实施例1、2、和3所述,制备所收集的前列腺组织,以用于检测。注射后,使用初始评价中的同样检测参数对患者进行再次评价。
本发明的上述说明是对发明目的进行举例说明和解释。显然,在不脱离本发明实质和范围的前提下,本领域技术人员可以进行变化和改进。所提到的所有文献在此用作参考。所附的权利要求包含了所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (6)

1.一种肉毒毒素在制备治疗前列腺疾病的药物组合物中的应用,其中该组合物以适于局部给药于前列腺患者的形式提供。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中该前列腺疾病选自前列腺增生、良性前列腺增生、前列腺肥大、前列腺炎、前列腺痛和前列腺癌。
3.根据权利要求1的应用,其中该前列腺疾病选自前列腺增生、良性前列腺增生和前列腺肥大。
4.根据权利要求1的应用,其中该肉毒毒素是A型肉毒毒素。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的应用,其中该药物组合物以适于注射入前列腺组织的形式提供。
6.根据权利要求5的应用,其中该药物组合物以适于注射入人类男性前列腺组织的形式提供。
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