CN113438896A - 婴幼儿食品或饮料、用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法和用于增强婴幼儿免疫力的方法 - Google Patents
婴幼儿食品或饮料、用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法和用于增强婴幼儿免疫力的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
问题:为婴幼儿提供可以改善婴幼儿肠道环境和增强婴幼儿免疫力的食品或饮料等。解决方案:一种含有效剂量的烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种婴幼儿食品或饮料、一种用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法和一种用于增强婴幼儿免疫力的方法。
背景技术
育儿奶粉(以下在某些情况下简称为“奶粉”)是一种作为母乳替代品的膳食补充剂,例如,当由于某种原因母乳不产生或略有不足时,当母亲被感染或使用药品时,以及当母乳喂养痛苦或麻烦时。考虑到母乳是婴儿生长发育所必需的主要营养来源,可以理解的是奶粉是对婴儿健康发育起最重要作用的食品。因此,最初要求奶粉与母乳类似含有充足的婴儿生长所需的营养,随后,奶粉制造商进行了研发,为的是使奶粉的成分尽可能类似于母乳的成分,从而努力满足要求。因此,我国(日本)目前生产的奶粉所含营养成分有了相当大的提高,奶粉制造商生产出了各种高质量的奶粉。然后,随着奶粉产品质量的逐步提高,全球对奶粉的需求也在增加,未来奶粉的全球市场有望以高的年均增长率扩大。要注意的是,在我国(日本)关于牛奶和奶制品成分标准的内部法令中,“配方奶粉”的定义是“通过加工原料奶、牛奶或特饮牛奶生产的一种产品,或以这些材料为原料,或将其用作主要原料,并在其中添加婴幼儿所需的营养,再将其粉化所制造而成的食品”。
现在,母乳不仅是婴儿生长发育所必需的营养来源,而且还具有免疫、智力发育等多方面的功能,这些功能通过母乳中所含的各种成分来表现。具体描述这方面,母乳含有婴儿健康发育所必需的能量来源和营养物质,如糖、蛋白质、脂质等,并含有各种感染预防因子,如免疫球蛋白、补体、乳铁蛋白和溶菌酶等,以保护婴儿免受腹泻和其他感染。这些感染预防因子有效地保护婴儿免受感染。
相比之下,虽然作为母乳替代品的奶粉含有改进的营养成分,但不一定说它在涉及感染预防等的生理活性成分方面有所改进。例如,由于在母体中产生的抗体只包含在母乳中,所以用奶粉完全替代母乳是不可能的。可能出于这个原因,有人就指出,由于无法得到来自母亲的免疫力,所以用奶粉喂养的婴儿很容易生病。婴儿期,特别是新生儿期,据说处于一种免疫缺陷状态,正因为如此,所以说很容易受感染。
为了解决这些问题,已经生产了一种具有增强感染预防功能的奶粉。这种奶粉含有母乳中所含的唾液酸、乳铁蛋白、神经节苷脂等被称为感染预防因子的成分,增强了作为生物防御机制的感染预防功能。母乳中所含的唾液酸包含在由低聚糖、糖脂和糖蛋白组成的糖链中。乳铁蛋白作为一种糖蛋白,在其糖链的末端含有唾液酸。神经节苷脂作为一种糖脂,其结构中葡萄糖、半乳糖、N-乙酰半乳糖胺、N-乙酰葡糖胺和唾液酸与含有脂肪酸和鞘氨醇的神经酰胺结合。病原体(如病毒和细菌)的感染通常始于与含有唾液酸的糖链结合,唾液酸存在于粘膜上皮细胞中,据说病原体(如致病性大肠杆菌和霍乱弧菌)产生的毒素,通过与胃肠道上皮细胞的含唾液酸的糖链结合而引起腹泻和炎症。考虑到这样一种感染机制,认为在病原体附着到婴儿口腔、咽部和胃肠道的上皮细胞之前,母乳中的含有唾液酸的成分结合到病原体上,灭活病原体,从而避免了外部感染。
通常,作为一个具有感染预防功能的奶粉的具体示例,例如,专利文件1公开了一种具有感染预防功能的育儿奶粉。该奶粉含有唾液酸结合肽,其是通过对来源于牛奶的唾液酸结合蛋白进行蛋白酶处理获得的,作为一种感染防护成分。
专利文件2公开了一种奶粉,该奶粉是基于人乳和牛奶的神经节苷脂具有阻止致病微生物和病毒附着于肠道粘膜细胞的活性的知识制成的,即一种添加了重量百分比为0.5毫克或以上的用通式(NANA)n-Gal-Glc-神经酰胺(请注意,在公式中,NANA指的是N-乙酰神经氨酸,Gal指的是半乳糖,Glc指的是葡萄糖,且n为1或2的整数)表示的神经节苷脂的奶粉。
同时,虽然肠道具有清除危险致病菌的免疫功能,但免疫豁免的肠道细菌仍存在。在肠内活动的肠道细菌大致分为有益菌、有害菌和条件致病菌。有益菌包括双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、肠球菌等。有害菌包括产气荚膜梭菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌(毒株)等。条件致病菌包括拟杆菌、大肠杆菌(无毒株)、链球菌等。有益菌在肠道内酸化,参与维持健康,如增强胃肠道免疫力、产生维生素、降低胆固醇。同时,据说有害菌减少了蠕动作用,在肠道内碱化,产生有毒氨、胺、硫化氢等有害物质和致癌物质,并对机体有害,如降低免疫力等。虽然条件致病菌通常几乎没有影响,但条件致病菌具有参与有益菌或有害菌中的优势菌的特性。虽然这些细菌相互平衡共存,但细菌的组成因年龄、压力、感染、饮食习惯、抗生素的使用等因素而不同。
现今,母乳喂养婴儿的胃肠道内存在着一种菌群,在其中双歧杆菌作为有益菌占据主导地位,抑制致病菌繁殖,且大大有助于婴儿健康发育。然而,据报道,用奶粉喂养的婴儿肠道中双歧杆菌的数量远远少于母乳喂养的婴儿,而被称为有害菌的大肠杆菌的数量往往检测到是母乳喂养的婴儿的10倍或以上。使肠道菌群平衡恶化的原因之一包括母乳中含有促进双歧杆菌生长的双歧杆菌生长因子,而奶粉中不含这种因子。因此,为了改善婴儿的肠道环境,奶粉中结合了被称为双歧杆菌生长因子的低聚半乳糖(从二糖到六糖的低聚糖,通过使β-半乳糖苷酶作用于乳糖而得到)、乳果糖和棉子糖等。
例如,专利文件3公开了一种以促进身居肠道菌群中的双歧杆菌生长为目的的制剂。该制剂含有一种或两种或多种的低聚糖,该低聚糖选自由乳果糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、棉子糖和奶粉成分组成的组。
尽管,众所周知,婴幼儿很容易受肠道病原体感染(高度易感),但通常认为这是由于免疫系统不成熟造成的。然而,最近,人们逐渐发现肠道菌群在免疫系统的发育和预防肠道病原体感染方面发挥着重要作用。据了解,婴幼儿出生后三年内肠道菌群发生变化,并逐渐成熟为成人肠道菌群。那么,虽然婴幼儿对肠道病原体感染的易感性较高,但已经证明婴幼儿肠道病原体感染的高易感性是肠道菌群不成熟造成的。因此,尤其对婴幼儿来说,在婴幼儿食品或饮料中,包括奶粉,需要结合能够弥补肠道菌群不成熟的成分。
专利文件1:JP-2514375
专利文件2:JP-B-6-85684
专利文件3:JP-A-10-175867
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题
如上所述,由于用传统奶粉喂养的婴儿与用母乳喂养的婴儿相比,肠道菌群中双歧杆菌等有益菌和大肠杆菌等有害菌之间的平衡受到干扰,用传统奶粉喂养的婴儿,由于肠道环境恶化或免疫力不足,在某些情况下更容易受感染。因此,人们一直在等待开发一种肠道环境改善能力和免疫刺激能力(感染预防功能)增强的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种能够改善婴幼儿肠道环境和增强婴幼儿免疫力的婴幼儿食品或饮料、一种用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法和一种用于增强婴幼儿免疫力的方法。
问题的解决方案
为了解决上述问题,发明人认真地研究,并发现作为一种中间代谢物,参与辅酶NAD(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)的生物合成的烟酰胺单核苷酸可以提供很好的改善婴儿肠道环境和增强婴儿免疫力的作用(感染预防作用)。因此,本发明得到完成。
本发明如下。
【1】一种含有效剂量的烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
【2】根据【1】所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料用于改善肠道环境。
【3】根据【1】或【2】所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料用于增强免疫力。
【4】在根据【1】-【3】中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料中,婴幼儿为幼儿。
【5】在根据【1】-【4】中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料中,以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,所述烟酰胺单核苷酸所含的量为每天为每个婴儿提供0.2-220毫克。
【6】在根据【1】-【5】中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料中,所述婴幼儿食品或饮料为育儿奶粉。
【7】一种用于改善婴儿肠道环境的方法,其包括使肠道环境恶化的婴儿摄取根据【1】-【6】中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。
【8】一种用于增强婴儿免疫力的方法,其包括使免疫力低下的婴儿摄取根据【1】-【6】中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。
【9】在根据【7】或【8】的方法中,以所述食品或饮料中含有的烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,所述婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄入量为每个婴幼儿每天0.2-220毫克。
本发明的效果
本发明提供了能够改善婴幼儿肠道环境和增强婴幼儿免疫力,且安全性极佳的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
附图说明
图1为说明烟酸(烟酰胺和尼克酸的总称)代谢途径的说明图。
图2为说明实施例1结果的图。
图3为说明实施例2结果的图。
图4为说明实施例3结果的图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料是一种除普通营养成分以外,还含有作为生理活性成分的烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料,从而改善婴幼儿肠道环境和增强婴幼儿免疫力,从而加强保护婴幼儿免受致病菌和病毒的感染的生理活性。在本发明中,“改善婴幼儿肠道环境”是指肠道菌群中作为有益菌的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的细菌数量的比例增加,从而形成以有益菌为主的肠道菌群。此处,“肠道菌群”被定义为生活在肠道内的各种微生物群落。当有益菌的占比增加时,有害菌的影响相对降低,有益菌占主导地位的状态使肠道菌群保持良好的平衡,从而提供良好的肠道环境。于是,有害菌就不能主动的起作用来危害婴幼儿的健康,从而改善了婴幼儿的健康状况。淋巴细胞作为一种白细胞,在免疫系统中发挥作用来保护机体免受外部敌人的伤害,大部分淋巴细胞存在于小肠和大肠,且免疫系统被称为肠道免疫。当肠道菌群的良好平衡被打破时,肠道免疫的作用就会减弱,从而容易引起感染,如口腔炎和感冒。也就是说,保持肠道菌群的良好平衡,可以使肠道免疫正常发挥作用,从而提供较高的免疫力。
一般地,在出生后一个月内的婴儿的肠道菌群形成过程中,首先形成以葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌中任意一种细菌作为最主导细菌的肠道菌群组成,随后,该组成转变为双歧杆菌占优势的肠道菌群组成。虽然认识到在过渡时间方面的个体差异,但大多数婴儿的肠道中形成了以双歧杆菌为优势菌的肠道菌群。例如,大约在出生后的三天过后,双歧杆菌逐渐增加,在第四天到第七天,达到每克粪便100-1000亿个,占据了95%或更多的母乳喂养的婴儿的肠道细菌,然而大肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量却减少到双歧杆菌的百分之一左右。
同时,以传统普通奶粉喂养的婴儿为例,在出生后第6天,大肠菌群仍占优势,而在出生后一个月内,双歧杆菌成为优势菌,在某些情况下,与双歧杆菌占绝对优势的母乳喂养婴儿的肠道菌群相比,这一比例很低。最近的一项研究表明,婴儿期的肠道菌群组成显著影响生长后的个体的生理功能。
在本发明中,虽然目前正在研究含有烟酰胺单核苷酸作为提供改善的肠道环境和增强的免疫力的生理活性成分提供本发明效果的详细原因,但一个想得到的原因如下。即:由于烟酰胺单核苷酸作为一种物质,该物质促进作为有益菌的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌生长,并具有选择性增加双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的作用,因此肠道菌群组成为有益菌占优势的菌群。然后,随着有益菌的增加,乳酸、乙酸等有机物作为其代谢物产生,乳酸和乙酸的生成增加使肠道内部酸化,抑制了偏好碱性环境的大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌等有害菌的生长。因此,可以获得有益菌占优势的健康肠道环境,从而改善肠道环境。当有益菌比例增加时,有害菌的影响相对减少,有益菌占优势,从而保持肠道菌群的良好平衡。于是,有害菌就不能积极的作用去危害幼儿的健康,从而增强幼儿的免疫力。增加的乳酸菌及其细胞组分刺激小肠上皮细胞上的肠道免疫的先天免疫受体,作为肠道免疫的一个阶段,这种刺激产生大量抑制致病菌生长的细胞因子,并分泌抗菌物质。此外,在早期阶段避免了从外界进入的致病菌和病毒的感染,从而提供了生物防御作用和免疫刺激作用。这也被认为是原因。人们也认为烟酰胺单核苷酸具有使作为免疫细胞之一的淋巴细胞生长的作用和促进免疫球蛋白产生的作用。由于小肠是免疫细胞和外周血管集中的器官,所以当肠道环境良好时,生物防御功能和疾病预防功能就会增强,从而对健康产生积极的影响。乳酸菌具有使肠道环境良好的功能,使得作为小肠作用的营养物质的消化和吸收得到恰当的进行。
烟酰胺单核苷酸(化学式:C11H15N2O8P)是一种在包括人类在内的许多生物体体内产生的化合物,用下面的结构式【化学式1】表示。烟酰胺单核苷酸一般称为NMN,并被称为参与辅酶NAD+生物合成的中间代谢物。
【化学式1】
根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料中结合的烟酰胺单核苷酸通过肝组织在NAD代谢途径中产生,即一种在体内通过犬尿氨酸途径参与合成来自喹啉酸的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)的途径。这将参照图1进行具体描述。图1为说明被称作维生素B3的烟酸(烟酰胺和尼克酸的总称)代谢途径的说明图。通过餐食摄入的尼克酸被肝脏吸收转化为烟酰胺,烟酰胺通过血流供到全身。每个细胞都从血液中吸收烟酰胺,并将其转化为NAD和NADP来使用它们。烟酰胺也是由色氨酸生物合成的。
如图1所示,在体内,当色氨酸作为起始物料时,色氨酸通过犬尿氨酸途径作为色氨酸代谢途径转化为喹啉酸(QA),并进一步转化为烟酸单核苷酸(NaMN)。同时,当尼克酸(Na)作为起始物料时,尼克酸直接转化为NaMN。然后,NaMN通过烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NaAD)在NAD循环中相互转化为NAD、烟酰胺(NaM)和烟酰胺单核苷酸。烟酰胺(NaM)经烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)转化为烟酰胺单核苷酸,随后,烟酰胺单核苷酸经烟酰胺单核苷酸腺苷转移酶(NMNAT)转化生成NAD。要注意的是,烟酰胺单核苷酸也是由作为NAD中间代谢物的烟酰胺核糖(NR)产生的。
烟酰胺单核苷酸包括α型和β型两种光学异构体,且β型用于本发明。烟酰胺单核苷酸是通过,例如,合成来自烟酰胺和核糖(见《生物有机与药物化学快报》,12,1135-1137(2002))的烟酰胺核糖,随后,使核糖部分的5-羟基磷酸化得到的(见《化学通信》,1999,729-730)。具体地,例如,首先通过将烟酰胺和L-核糖四乙酸酯溶解在无水乙腈中,在氮气流下加入过量三甲基甲硅烷基三氟磺酸,然后在室温下搅拌,加入甲醇停止反应,来制备反应溶液。将上述反应溶液倒入充满活性炭的柱中,用蒸馏水清洗,再用甲醇洗脱,并收集产物。接下来,对于该产物的L-核糖部分的5-羟基的磷酸化反应,通过将上述产物溶解在三甲氧基磷酸中,在冰点以下滴加三氯氧磷并在氮气流下搅拌,加入氢氧化钠水溶液中和,从而停止反应,来制备反应溶液。在上述反应溶液中加入冷乙腈-醚溶液。然后,下层(水相)通过阴离子交换树脂以收集反应物,再用阳离子交换树脂对反应物进行纯化,从而可以获得高纯度的烟酰胺单核苷酸。烟酰胺单核苷酸可从日本东方酵母工业株式会社和邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司购买,这些商业产品可买来使用。
烟酰胺单核苷酸是含有少量杂质的提纯产品,特别地,其纯度优选为90%或以上,其纯度更优选为95%或以上。当纯度小于90%时,可能产生臭味,或可能降低烟酰胺单核苷酸的效果,以致不能充分提供本发明的效果。
如上所述,烟酰胺单核苷酸的纯度优选为90%或以上,纯度(质量比)被定义为在无水条件下从100%减去除烟酰胺单核苷酸以外的杂质得到的值。因此,烟酰胺单核苷酸的纯度可由公式求得:烟酰胺单核苷酸纯度(%)=100-烟酰胺单核苷酸以外的杂质(%)。此处,这些杂质包括,如图1所示,不含参与NAD代谢途径的烟酰胺单核苷酸的代谢物,特别是烟酰胺和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸。当用于本发明的烟酰胺单核苷酸包含参与NAD的代谢途径的如上述代谢物的外来元素,例如,可能会减少烟酰胺单核苷酸吸收进入活细胞,从而减少本发明的影响。使用将干燥烟酰胺单核苷酸粉末的测试溶液倒入HPLC仪器中,得到所获色谱的峰面积(纵轴:峰面积,横轴:浓度)的标准样品,用绝对校准曲线法对NAD代谢途径中涉及的上述杂质进行定量测定。由于峰高的使用保证了在微量物质情况下的高精度定量测定,因此应根据仪器的特点,适当地选择要用的仪器。被分离的物质根据保留时间进行鉴别。
根据本发明的婴幼儿的食品或饮料是一种含有足以提供本发明的效果的量的作为生理活性成分的烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿的食品或饮料,即当每一种食品或饮料以普通摄入量摄入时,权利要求1中规定的“有效剂量”。根据本发明的婴幼儿的食品或饮料是一种具有功能的婴幼儿的食品或饮料,这些功能基于改善婴幼儿肠道菌群作用和增强婴幼儿免疫功能作用,同时结合烟酰胺单核苷酸作为生理活性成分,其在日常生活所摄入的婴幼儿食品或饮料中具有上述作用。“婴幼儿食品或饮料”是一个广泛包括婴儿和幼儿的食品或饮料的概念,食品的种类没有特别的限制,其形式可以是固态、半固态和液态中的任意一种。具体来说,包括育儿奶粉、液态奶、婴儿食品、婴儿饮料、婴儿甜点、婴儿米饭调料、婴幼儿糕点糖果(面包、口香糖、糖果、片剂、曲奇、橡皮糖、小点心、蛋糕、巧克力、日本糕点糖果、果冻等)、奶制品(酸奶、奶酪、牛奶、黄油等)、冰淇淋、奶油、果酱、营养食品、药物果冻等。在这些婴幼儿食品或饮料中,从本发明效果的高必要性和可用性方面来看,育儿奶粉尤其受青睐。这是因为幼儿的肠道环境不稳定,免疫系统不成熟,而且育儿奶粉是幼儿最重要的食品或饮料,其含有幼儿的营养来源。育儿奶粉除了婴儿配方奶粉,较大婴儿牛奶和低出生体重婴儿牛奶外,还包括任何一种人工喂养婴儿奶粉,人工喂养婴儿奶粉包括特饮牛奶、无乳糖牛奶和针对牛奶过敏的牛奶。液态奶是一种液体状态奶,调整液态奶中的营养成分,使婴儿可以喝液态奶而不是母乳。婴儿食品是一种为了营养支持,并使婴儿适应与婴儿成长相关的一般食品而生产的食品。婴儿食品包括处理成糊状物的罐头食品,瓶装食品以及肉类、粮食、蔬菜、水果、矿物等包装食品,和一种将热水或水加到粉末、颗粒、薄片或它们的干物质固体中以糊的形式食用的食品。婴儿饮料是一种为了水合作用、营养支持和婴儿断奶支持而生产的食品。此处,“婴幼儿”是一个包括婴儿和幼儿的概念。“婴儿”是指直到出生后约一年左右的孩子,其从母乳和牛奶中摄取营养,并处于开始走路前的一个时期。“幼儿”是指出生后1-6岁左右的孩子,其处在会用他/她的脚走路,并从母乳或牛奶以外的餐食中摄取营养的一个时期。
在根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料中,烟酰胺单核苷酸的总量只需是一个有效剂量,即当每一种食品或饮料以普通摄入量摄入时,烟酰胺单核苷酸作为生理活性成分,能提供本发明效果的量,而且鉴于对食品或饮料味道(烟酰胺单核苷酸的味道是酸的)的影响、摄入量、成本等,可能对每种食品或饮料适当确定烟酰胺单核苷酸的量。
在婴幼儿食品或饮料中,除烟酰胺单核苷酸外的成分组成没有特别限制,根据每种食品或饮料的种类等,适当组合每种食品或饮料的已知成分。例如,就育儿奶粉来说,其成分组成一般为:热量60-70千卡/100毫升,蛋白质1.8-3.0克/100千卡,碳水化合物9.0-14.0克/100千卡,脂肪4.4-6.0克/100千卡,作为其他成分,结合了各种维生素、矿物质和各种具有益生元作用的低聚糖,结合了乳铁蛋白、神经节苷脂、唾液酸等作为感染预防的因子。
刚出生时期到断奶期是肠道细菌形成的重要时期,居住在这个时期的肠道细菌经历了各种过程,以形成每个个体的肠道菌群。考虑到婴儿期肠道菌群组成对生长后个体的生理功能有显著影响,且如上所述,幼儿的肠道环境不稳定,免疫系统不成熟,可以说,根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料是非常有益的,特别是对婴儿。
根据本发明的一个优选方面,提供一种用于改善肠道环境的婴幼儿食品或饮料。提供一种用于增强免疫力和感染预防的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
当根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料在摄入时,可考虑婴幼儿的年龄(月龄)、性别、肠道菌群状态、食品的形态和类型、摄入时间等因素,适当确定摄入量。然而,为了有效地获得本发明的效果,以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,每个婴幼儿每天的摄入量一般为0.2-220毫克,特别地优选为1-220毫克。在小于0.2毫克的情况下,可能不能充分获得本发明的效果,同时,即使在增加到220毫克以上的情况下,所获得的效果也没有特别的改变,并给予经济上的劣势。因此,以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料优选的含烟酰胺单核苷酸的量为每天为每个婴幼儿提供0.2-220毫克,特别地提供1-220毫克。至于婴儿摄入,和幼儿相比,摄入量减少,一般情况下,以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,每个婴儿每天的烟酰胺单核苷酸摄入量为0.2-120毫克,特别地,优选为1-120毫克。此处所规定的摄入量可通过每日一至数次的摄入单位摄入。
本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄食时期不受具体限制,可在观察效果时适当确定。但考虑到肠道菌群状况不是固定的,会不断变化,不是短期内暂时摄入,而是长期持续摄入为佳。当根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄取停止时,有害菌增加,可能朝不利的方向打破肠道菌群的平衡。根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料即使在持续摄入的情况下也不存在安全问题。
根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料是一种向婴幼儿食品或饮料中添加烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料,并按照每一种婴幼儿食品或饮料的普通制造方法制造的。烟酰胺单核苷酸在市场上分布并可在市场上购买(日本东方酵母工业株式会社,邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司)。针对烟酰胺单核苷酸,最近建立了烟酰胺单核苷酸的质量控制体系和批量生产体系。
本发明是一种用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法,其包括使肠道环境恶化的婴幼儿摄取根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。在这种方法中,尽管可以适当确定婴幼儿摄取的婴幼儿食品或饮料的量,但以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,所述婴幼儿食品或饮料的量优选为上述每个婴儿每天的量。在该方法中,可以增加另一改善肠道环境的另一步骤,例如,使被称为双歧杆菌生长因子的低聚半乳糖、乳果糖、棉子糖等被摄入的一个步骤,从而使本发明的效果有望进一步增强。根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄取时期如上所述。
本发明是一种用于提高婴幼儿免疫力的方法,其包括使免疫力较低的婴幼儿摄取根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。在这种方法中,婴幼儿摄取的婴幼儿食品或饮料的量与上述方法相似。在这种方法中,可以增加另一增强免疫力(感染预防力)的另一步骤,例如,使一种被称为感染预防因子的成分,如唾液酸、乳铁蛋白、神经节苷脂被摄入的一个步骤,从而使本发明的效果有望进一步增强。根据本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄取时期如上所述。
实施例
接下来,虽然本发明将通过实施例进一步具体描述,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1:免疫球蛋白M(IgM)生产促进效果的评价
IgM作为B细胞被细菌或病毒感染时最早产生的抗体,为了确认摄取含烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料后血液中IgM浓度的变化,对1.8-6.5岁的男孩和女孩进行测试。将23名幼儿分为两组,一组(11名幼儿)单独喂食奶粉,另一组(12名幼儿)喂食添加了烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉(化合物(+))。每天早晨给予一次奶粉,每天一次,持续30天左右。在喂奶粉前和喂奶粉后30天,测量每组血液(mg/dl)中的IgM浓度,得到平均值(不包括喂奶粉前血液中的IgM浓度低于120mg/dl的受试者)。在喂食添加了烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉的组中,给予含每日100毫克烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉。图2说明了结果。如图2所示,在喂食添加了烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉的组中,从喂奶前到喂奶后IgM浓度较单独喂奶粉的组中的IgM浓度增加得更多。由此结果发现,本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料对提高血液中IgM浓度是有效的。
实施例2:免疫球蛋白A(IgA)生产促进效果的评价
对于有效预防细菌和病毒感染的IgA,其抗原特异性较低,独立作用于全身粘膜,为了确认摄取含烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料后血液中IgA浓度的变化,在与例1相似的条件下,用相似的方法进行测试,测量每组血液中的IgA浓度(mg/dl),得到平均值。图3说明了结果。如图3所示,在喂食添加了烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉的组中,从喂奶前到喂奶后IgA浓度较单独喂奶粉的组中的IgA浓度增加得更多。由此结果发现,本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料对提高血液中IgA浓度是有效的。
实施例3:CD8-阳性T细胞生产促进效果的评价
众所周知,CD8-阳性T细胞在清除致病微生物,特别是病毒方面发挥着核心作用,为了确认摄取含烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料后血液中CD8-阳性T细胞数量的变化,但在与例1相似的条件下,用相似的方法进行测试,测量每组血液(cell/μl)中的CD8-阳性T细胞数量,得到平均值(不包括喂食奶粉前血液中CD8-阳性T细胞的数量超出对应受试者年龄的参考值范围的受试者)。图4说明了结果。如图4所示,在喂食添加了烟酰胺单核苷酸的奶粉的组中,从喂奶前到喂奶后CD8-阳性T细胞的数量较单独喂奶粉的组中的CD8-阳性T细胞数量增加得更多。由此结果发现,本发明的婴幼儿食品或饮料对引入CD8-阳性T细胞来提高血液中CD8-阳性T细胞的数量是有效的。
Claims (9)
1.一种包含有效剂量的烟酰胺单核苷酸的婴幼儿食品或饮料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料,用于改善肠道环境。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料,用于增强免疫力。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料,其中所述婴幼儿为婴儿。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料,其中以烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,所述烟酰胺单核苷酸所含的量为每天为每个婴幼儿提供0.2-220毫克。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料,其中所述婴幼儿食品或饮料为育儿奶粉。
7.一种用于改善婴幼儿肠道环境的方法,包括使肠道环境恶化的婴幼儿摄取根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。
8.一种用于增强婴幼儿免疫力的方法,包括使免疫力低下的婴幼儿摄取根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的婴幼儿食品或饮料的步骤。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中以所述食品或饮料中含有的烟酰胺单核苷酸的量计,所述婴幼儿食品或饮料的摄入量为每个婴幼儿每天0.2-220毫克。
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- 2020-02-07 KR KR1020217029324A patent/KR20220002260A/ko unknown
- 2020-02-07 EP EP20754993.2A patent/EP3925450A4/en active Pending
- 2020-02-07 CN CN202080013396.7A patent/CN113438896B/zh active Active
- 2020-08-20 US US17/310,557 patent/US20220095665A1/en active Pending
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- 2023-07-03 JP JP2023109306A patent/JP2023123785A/ja active Pending
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US20100104727A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | Mead Johnson & Co. | Methods For Preserving Endogenous TGF-Beta |
US20150126462A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2015-05-07 | Conaris Research Institute Ag | Pharmaceutical composition containing nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide and/or tryptophan for positively influencing the intestinal microbiota |
US20170296564A1 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | Chromadex, Inc. | Use of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinic acid riboside, and nicotinamide mononucleotide, reduced nicotinyl compounds, and nicotinoyl compound derivatives in infant formula for healthy development |
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CN111557949A (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-21 | 深圳爱生生命科技有限公司 | 含有富氢水和/或nmn的药物或保健品及其制备方法 |
CN111557949B (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2022-08-26 | 深圳爱生生命科技有限公司 | 含有富氢水和/或nmn的药物或保健品及其制备方法 |
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KR20220002260A (ko) | 2022-01-06 |
US20220095665A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
CN113438896B (zh) | 2024-10-29 |
JP2023123785A (ja) | 2023-09-05 |
JPWO2020166527A1 (ja) | 2021-12-16 |
EP3925450A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
EP3925450A4 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
WO2020166527A1 (ja) | 2020-08-20 |
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