CN113354561B - 双胍衍生物及其应用与制剂 - Google Patents
双胍衍生物及其应用与制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113354561B CN113354561B CN202110414905.3A CN202110414905A CN113354561B CN 113354561 B CN113354561 B CN 113354561B CN 202110414905 A CN202110414905 A CN 202110414905A CN 113354561 B CN113354561 B CN 113354561B
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- heptadecadienyl
- acid
- compound
- nonadienyl
- octadecadienyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I的化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐,
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及双胍衍生物及其应用与制剂,尤其涉及其用于治疗胞内细菌感染、由胞内菌感染引起的疾病以及葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病。
背景技术
自噬是细胞特异性识别并降解细菌和病毒等外来病原体的过程,可以保护细胞抵御病原体的侵袭。正常情况下,细胞中包裹病原菌的自噬体能与功能正常的溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,利用溶酶体的多种酶降解病原菌。但在病理情况下,某些细菌进化至可逃避宿主识别,如通过阻断溶酶体成熟而抑制细胞正常自噬从而促进其存活。感染宿主后,主要寄居在细胞内的细菌称为胞内菌,胞内细菌的持续存在被认为可导致慢性感染。在细胞内存活的常见细菌包括结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis)、伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella typhi, S. typhi)、李斯特菌(Listeria)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus)及幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)等。
H. pylori是一种定植于胃部及十二指肠的革兰氏阴性菌,引起全球超过半数的人群感染,H. pylori具有侵袭性能在宿主细胞内存活。H. pylori通过分泌的空泡毒素(VacA)等毒力因子损害细胞的溶酶体钙离子通道TRPML1的活性,溶酶体内钙水平非正常升高,致使氢离子不能正常交换被摄入,溶酶体酸性因而环境发生改变,功能受损的溶酶体无法正常降解自噬体中的细菌。胞内存活的H. pylori在适宜的条件下可重新出胞而引起新一轮感染,因此针对胞内细菌的治疗可以进一步提高对H. pylori清除率,减少持续性复发性感染的发生。
最新研究表明,腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的激动剂二甲双胍可增强溶酶体酸化能力,恢复细胞正常自噬功能,并且在体内和体外都有抑制H. pylori生长的作用。另有多项临床数据发现,二甲双胍可通过拮抗结核分枝杆菌典型胞内感染而辅助结核病的治疗。遗憾的是,二甲双胍的水溶性高及用量大等问题限制其在治疗细菌感染方面的应用。由于目前细菌耐药性问题在全世界范围内形势日益严峻,胞内菌的存在易引起顽固性持续感染,临床上仍需要更高效的治疗细菌感染疾病的药物。
发明内容
本发明的双胍衍生物与二甲双胍相比能够增强对宿主细胞AMPK的激动活性,并且是安全、有效、低毒的抗击胞内细菌药物。同时,本发明的双胍衍生物构建成的纳米粒进一步提高H. pylori清除率,能够治疗与H. pylori相关的持续性反复性感染。
本发明在一方面提供式(I)的化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,R为被取代的或未被取代的具有10至20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基。
在一些实施方式中,R为被取代的或未被取代的C15-20烷基、被取代的或未被取代的C15-20烯基、或被取代的或未被取代的C15-20炔基。
在一些实施方式中,R选自正癸烷、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基和正二十烷基、正癸烯基、正十一烯基、正十二烯基、正十三烯基、正十四烯基、正十五烯基、正十六烯基、正十七烯基、正十八烯基、正十九烯基、正二十烯基、1,3-十五烷二烯基、2,5-十五烷二烯基、3,6-十五烷二烯基、4,7-十五烷二烯基、5,8-十五烷二烯基、6,9-十五烷二烯基、7,10-十五烷二烯基、8,11-十五烷二烯基、1,3-十六烷二烯基、2,5-十六烷二烯基、3,6-十六烷二烯基、4,7-十六烷二烯基、5,8-十六烷二烯基、6,9-十六烷二烯基、7,10-十六烷二烯基、8,11-十六烷二烯基、1,3-十七烷二烯基、2,5-十七烷二烯基、3,6-十七烷二烯基、4,7-十七烷二烯基、5,8-十七烷二烯基、6,9-十七烷二烯基、7,10-十七烷二烯基、8,11-十七烷二烯基、9,12-十七烷二烯基;1,3-十八烷二烯基、2,5-十八烷二烯基、3,6-十八烷二烯基、4,7-十八烷二烯基、5,8-十八烷二烯基、6,9-十八烷二烯基、7,10-十八烷二烯基、8,11-十八烷二烯基、9,12-十八烷二烯基;1,3-十九烷二烯基、2,5-十九烷二烯基、3,6-十九烷二烯基、4,7-十九烷二烯基、5,8-十九烷二烯基、6,9-十九烷二烯基、7,10-十九烷二烯基、8,11-十九烷二烯基、9,12-十九烷二烯基、10,13-十九烷二烯基、1,3-二十烷二烯基、2,5-二十烷二烯基、3,6-二十烷二烯基、4,7-二十烷二烯基、5,8-二十烷二烯基、6,9-二十烷二烯基、7,10-二十烷二烯基、8,11-二十烷二烯基、9,12-二十烷二烯基、10,13-二十烷二烯基、1,4,7-十七烷三烯基、2,5,8-十七烷三烯基、3,6,9-十七烷三烯基、4,7,10-十七烷三烯基和5,8,11-十七烷三烯基、正癸炔基、正十一炔基、正十二炔基、正十三炔基、正十四炔基、正十五炔基、正十六炔基、正十七炔基、正十八炔基、正十九炔基和正二十炔基。
在一些实施方式中,所述化合物为:
本发明再一方面提供一种药物组合物,其包含任意上述的化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐。在一些实施方式中,该药物组合物还包括脲酶抑制剂、抗生素、质子泵抑制剂、铋剂中的一种或多种。
本发明再一方面提供任意上述所述的化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗胞内菌感染、由胞内菌感染引起的疾病或葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病的药物中的应用。在一些实施方式中,其中所述胞内菌选自结核分枝杆菌、伤寒沙门菌、李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和幽门螺杆菌。在一些实施方式中,所述胞内菌优选为幽门螺杆菌。在一些实施方式中,所述由胞内菌感染引起的疾病选自消化性溃疡、胃炎、消化性食管炎、无食管炎的症状性胃食管反流疾病、非溃疡性消化不良、胃酸过多性消化不良、上消化道出血、胃癌和胃MALT淋巴瘤。在一些实施方式中,所述葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病为肥胖症、异常脂血症、高血糖症、I型糖尿病或II型糖尿病及糖尿病并发症中的一种或多种。
本发明再一方面提供一种自组装纳米粒,其包括:(a)任意上述所述的化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐:(b)C10-20脂肪酸,其中所述C10-20脂肪酸与所述化合物、其氘代物或其药学上可接受的盐构成所述自组装纳米粒的载体结构;以及,(c)脲酶抑制剂或抗生素,所述脲酶抑制剂或抗生素被包载嵌入所述自组装纳米粒中。在一些实施方式中,所述C10-20脂肪酸选自癸酸、9-癸烯酸、十一酸、10-十一烯酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸或其组合。在一些实施方式中,所述C10-20脂肪酸优选为油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸。在一些实施方式中,所述C10-20脂肪酸优选为亚油酸。在一些实施方式中,所述脲酶抑制剂为依布硒或乙酰氧肟酸。在一些实施方式中,所述脲酶抑制剂优选为依布硒。在一些实施方式中,所述抗生素选自阿莫西林、克拉霉素、甲硝唑、四环素、左氧氟沙星、呋喃唑酮或其组合。
在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米粒还包含:(d)多糖,其包覆于所述自组装纳米粒外部。在一些实施方式中,所述多糖选自岩藻多糖、甘露聚糖、右旋糖酐、甘露醇。在一些实施方式中,所述多糖优选为岩藻多糖(FU)。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米粒包含:亚油酸,其与双胍衍生物MU或ML构成所述自组装纳米粒的载体结构;依布硒,其被包载嵌入所述自组装纳米粒中。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米粒包含:亚油酸,其与双胍衍生物MU或ML构成所述自组装纳米粒的载体结构;和依布硒,其被包载嵌入所述自组装纳米粒;以及FU,其包覆于所述自组装纳米粒的外部。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米粒的粒径为100~180 nm。在一些实施方式中,所述粒径优选为125 nm或150 nm。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米粒的包封率大于75%。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米的包封率优选为大于80%。在一些实施方式中,所述自组装纳米的载药量大于55%。
本发明的纳米粒通过宿主细胞的内吞作用而被摄取,进而干扰胞内H. pylori的细胞膜通透性而使细菌破裂,并且抑制H. pylori内部脲酶活性而发挥抗H. pylori作用,与此同时,进入胞内的双胍衍生物能够恢复细胞自噬溶酶体降解作用,联合纳米粒的优势增强胞内H. pylori清除效果,从而达到根除H. pylori的目的。
附图说明
图1:a. 双胍衍生物ML的中间体1a的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物ML的中间体1a的质谱图。
图2:a. 双胍衍生物ML的中间体1b的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物ML的中间体1b的质谱图。
图3:a. 双胍衍生物ML的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物ML的质谱图。
图4:a. 双胍衍生物MU的中间体3a的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物MU的中间体3a的质谱图。
图5:a. 双胍衍生物MU的中间体3b的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物MU的中间体3b的质谱图。
图6:a.双胍衍生物MU的核磁共振氢谱图;b. 双胍衍生物MU的质谱图。
图7:二甲双胍(MET)及双胍衍生物(ML和MU)对GES-1人胃上皮细胞中的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的活性水平的影响。加入MET、ML、MU处理GES-1细胞后,按照人磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶酶联免疫吸附试剂盒步骤测定并比较。与对照组相比,*表示P<0.05,***表示P<0.001;与MET相比,###表示P<0.001;与MU相比,··表示P<0.01。
图8:二甲双胍(MET)及双胍衍生物(ML和MU)对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞细胞内H. pylori的清除效果的评价。在构建的胞内细菌模型中,加入MET、ML和MU处理GES-1细胞后,采用涂布平板法进行测定比较。与对照组相比,*表示P<0.05;***表示P<0.001;与MET相比,#表示P<0.05,###表示P<0.001;与MU相比,··表示P<0.01。
图9:a. 双胍衍生物纳米粒和C6在RAW 264.7巨噬细胞摄取的平均荧光强度。加入游离香豆素-6(C6)、C6标记的纳米粒(ML-LA/C6 NPs和Fu/ML-LA/C6 NPs)与细胞共同孵育4h后,收集1×104个细胞,通过流式细胞仪测量C6的荧光强度并比较。b. 双胍衍生物纳米粒和C6在GES-1人胃上皮细胞摄取的平均荧光强度。加入C6、C6标记的纳米粒(ML-LA/C6 NPs和 Fu/ML-LA/C6 NPs)与细胞共同孵育4h后,收集1×104个细胞,通过流式细胞仪测量C6的荧光强度并比较。与对照组相比,***表示P < 0.001;与C6相比,##表示P<0.01,###表示P<0.001;与ML-LA/C6相比,·表示P<0.05,··表示P<0.01,···表示P<0.001。
图10:a. 双胍衍生物纳米粒对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞内H. pylori的清除效果的评价。在构建的胞内细菌模型中,加入药物处理RAW 264.7细胞后,采用涂布平板法进行测定比较。b. 双胍衍生物纳米粒对GES-1人胃上皮细胞内H. pylori的清除效果的评价。在构建的胞内细菌模型中,加入MET及ML处理GES-1细胞后,采用涂布平板法进行测定比较。与对照组相比,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001;与MET相比,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01,###表示P<0.001;与ML相比,··表示P<0.01,···表示P<0.001;与ML+LA+EB相比,◆表示P<0.05,◆◆表示P<0.01;与ML-LA/EB相比,&表示P<0.05。
图11. 双胍衍生物纳米粒对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞内H. pylori的清除效果的评价。在构建的胞内细菌模型中,加入药物处理RAW 264.7细胞后,通过激光共聚焦观察结果。蓝色荧光标记细胞核,绿色荧光标记H. pylori,红色荧光标记溶酶体,叠加图为以上三个图像的叠加结果。
图12. 双胍衍生物纳米粒对GES-1人胃上皮细胞内H. pylori清除效果的评价。在构建的胞内细菌模型中,加入药物处理GES-1细胞后,通过激光共聚焦观察结果。蓝色荧光标记细胞核,绿色荧光标记H. pylori,红色荧光标记溶酶体,叠加图为以上三个图像的叠加结果。
具体实施方式
术语“烷基”是指具有指定的碳原子数目的直链或支链烃基。例如,C10-20烷基是指具有10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个碳原子的直链或支链烃基,包括但不限于C10烷基、C11-12烷基、C13-14烷基、C15-20烷基、C17烷基、C16-18烷基和C19-20烷基。饱和烷基的例子包含正癸烷、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基和正二十烷基。在一些实施方式中,所述烷基可以被卤素、羟基、巯基、或杂原子取代。“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴、或碘。杂原子旨在包括氧、氮、硫。不饱和烷基的例子包括烯基、炔基或其组合。
术语“烯基”指具有前缀所示碳原子数目并且含有至少一个双键的直链烃基基团或支链烃基基团。例如,(C2-C6)烯基旨在包含乙烯基、丙烯基等。C10-20烯基是指10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个碳原子的直链或支链烯基,并且包括但不限于C10烯基、C11-12烯基、C13-14烯基、C15-20烯基、C17烯基、C16-18烯基和C19-20烯基。烯基基团的例子包含正癸烯基、正十一烯基、正十二烯基、正十三烯基、正十四烯基和C15-20链烯基。C15-20链烯基包含1、2或3个双键的直链烃基或支链烃基。C15-20链烯基包含正十五烯基、正十六烯基、正十七烯基、正十八烯基、正十九烯基和正二十烯基、1,3-十五烷二烯基、2,5-十五烷二烯基、3,6-十五烷二烯基、4,7-十五烷二烯基、5,8-十五烷二烯基、6,9-十五烷二烯基、7,10-十五烷二烯基、8,11-十五烷二烯基、1,3-十六烷二烯基、2,5-十六烷二烯基、3,6-十六烷二烯基、4,7-十六烷二烯基、5,8-十六烷二烯基、6,9-十六烷二烯基、7,10-十六烷二烯基、8,11-十六烷二烯基、1,3-十七烷二烯基、2,5-十七烷二烯基、3,6-十七烷二烯基、4,7-十七烷二烯基、5,8-十七烷二烯基、6,9-十七烷二烯基、7,10-十七烷二烯基、8,11-十七烷二烯基、9,12-十七烷二烯基;1,3-十八烷二烯基、2,5-十八烷二烯基、3,6-十八烷二烯基、4,7-十八烷二烯基、5,8-十八烷二烯基、6,9-十八烷二烯基、7,10-十八烷二烯基、8,11-十八烷二烯基、9,12-十八烷二烯基;1,3-十九烷二烯基、2,5-十九烷二烯基、3,6-十九烷二烯基、4,7-十九烷二烯基、5,8-十九烷二烯基、6,9-十九烷二烯基、7,10-十九烷二烯基、8,11-十九烷二烯基、9,12-十九烷二烯基、10,13-十九烷二烯基、1,3-二十烷二烯基、2,5-二十烷二烯基、3,6-二十烷二烯基、4,7-二十烷二烯基、5,8-二十烷二烯基、6,9-二十烷二烯基、7,10-二十烷二烯基、8,11-二十烷二烯基、9,12-二十烷二烯基、10,13-二十烷二烯基、1,4,7-十七烷三烯基、2,5,8-十七烷三烯基、3,6,9-十七烷三烯基、4,7,10-十七烷三烯基、5,8,11-十七烷三烯基。在一些实施方式中,所述烯基可以被卤素、羟基、巯基、或杂原子取代。“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴、或碘。杂原子旨在包括氧、氮、硫。
相似地,术语“炔基”指含有至少一个三键并且具有前缀所示碳原子数目的直链烃基基团或支链烃基基团。炔基的例子包含乙炔基、1-和3-丙炔基、3-丁炔基、以及更高阶的同系物和同分异构体。C10-20炔基是指10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个碳原子的直链或支链炔基,并且包括但不限于C10炔基、C11-12炔基、C13-14炔基、C15-20炔基、C17炔基、和C16-18炔基和C19-20炔基。炔基基团的例子包含正癸炔基、正十一炔基、正十二炔基、正十三炔基、正十四炔基、正十五炔基、正十六炔基、正十七炔基、正十八炔基、正十九炔基和正二十炔基。在一些实施方式中,所述炔基可以被卤素、羟基、巯基、或杂原子取代。“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴、或碘。杂原子旨在包括氧、氮、硫。
本发明的一些化合物可以以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式(包含水合形式)存在。“水合物”是指由水分子和溶质的分子或离子结合形成的复合物。“溶剂化物”是指有溶剂分子和溶质的分子或离子组合结合的复合物。溶剂可以是有机化合物、无机化合物或其混合物。溶剂化物旨在包含水合物。溶剂的一些例子包含但不限于甲醇(MT)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、四氢呋喃(THF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、三氟乙酸(TFA)、二氧杂环乙烷(Diox)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)以及水。通常,溶剂化形式等效于非溶剂化形式并且被包含在本发明的范围内。本发明的一些化合物可以以多个结晶的或无定形形式存在。通常,对于本发明预期的应用来说,所有物理形式都是等效的,并且它们旨在被包含在本发明的范围内。
制剂和给药
本发明提供包括药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂以及本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物的药物组合物。在示例性的实施方式中,本发明提供包括本文所述的化合物的药物制剂。在一个实施方式中,所述药物制剂或组合物包含式(I)化合物:
其中,R基团如以上所定义。
本发明还预期包括使用该化合物的药学上可接受的氘代化合物或其他非放射性取代化合物。氘代是将药物活性分子基团中的一个或多个或全部氢替换成同位素氘,因其无毒无放射性,又比碳氢键稳定约6~9倍,可以封闭代谢位点而延长药物的半衰期,从而降低治疗剂量,同时又不影响药物的药理活性,而被认为是一种优良的修饰方法。
这些化合物通常会用于治疗人的疾病。但是,它们也可被用来治疗其他动物的类似或相同适应症。本文所述的化合物可通过不同途径给药,包括注射(静脉、腹膜内、皮下和肌内)、口服、经皮、直肠、引道或吸入。这些剂量形式应允许化合物达到靶细胞。其他因素在本领域是熟知的,包括例如毒性等考虑因素以及阻止化合物或组合物发挥其作用的剂量形式。
在一些实施方式中,组合物会包含药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,例如填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、助流剂、润滑剂、络合剂、增溶剂和表面活性剂,它们可被选择以便于通过特定途径给药。载体的例子包括碳酸钙、磷酸钙、各种糖类(如乳糖、葡萄糖或蔗糖)、各类型淀粉、纤维素衍生物、明胶、脂质、脂质体、纳米颗粒等等。载体也包括生理上相容性液体作为溶剂或用于悬浮液,包括例如注射用无菌水溶液(WFI)、生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液、Hank氏溶液、Ringer氏溶液、植物油、矿物油、动物油、聚乙二醇、液体石蜡等等。赋形剂也可包括例如胶态二氧化硅、硅胶、滑石、硅酸镁、硅酸钙、铝硅酸钠、三硅酸镁、粉末状纤维素、粗晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、苯甲酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硬脂酸、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酰醇富马酸钠、消光粉(syloid)、stearowet C、氧化镁、淀粉、羧甲淀粉钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二山嵛酸甘油酯、棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯、氢化植物油、氢化棉籽油、蓖麻籽油矿物油、聚乙二醇(如PEG 4000-8000)、聚氧乙二醇、泊洛沙姆、聚维酮、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸、酪蛋白、甲基丙烯酸二乙烯基苯共聚物、多库酯钠、环糊精(例如2-羟丙基-δ-环糊精)、聚山梨醇酯(如聚山梨醇酯80)、溴棕三甲铵、d-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)、月桂硫酸镁、月桂硫酸钠、聚乙二醇醚、聚乙二醇的二脂肪酸酯、或聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐酯Tween®)、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(如来自像油酸、硬脂酸或棕榈酸的脂肪酸的山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯)、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖、乳糖、乳糖一水合物或喷雾干燥的乳糖、蔗糖、果糖、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、葡萄糖结合剂、葡聚糖、糊精、右旋糖、醋酸纤维素、麦芽糖糊精、二甲基硅油、聚葡萄糖、壳聚糖、明胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟乙基纤维素等。
药物制剂可以单位剂量形式呈现,每单位剂量含有预定量的活性组分。这种单位剂量可含有例如0.5 mg至1 g(优选1 mg至700 mg,更优选5 mg至100 mg)的本发明的化合物(游离形式、任何形式的溶剂化物(包括水合物)或盐),含量取决于被治疗的病症、给药途径、患者的年龄、体重和状况。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有日剂量、周剂量、月剂量、它们的子剂量或合适比例的活性组分的那些制剂。而且,这种药物制剂可通过制药领域熟知的任何方法来制备。
药物制剂可被制成适合任何适当途径给药的形式,例如口服(包括胶囊、片剂、充液胶囊、崩解片、立即释放片剂、缓释片剂、控释片剂、口服条带(oral strip)、溶液、糖浆剂、颊含片和舌下片)、鼻腔、肺部、直肠、阴道、局部(包括经皮)或注射(包括皮下、肌内、静脉或皮内)途径。这些制剂可通过制药领域已知的任何方法制备,例如通过将活性组分与载体、赋形剂或稀释剂联合而制备。通常,用在药物制剂中的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂是“非毒性的”和“惰性的”,前者的意思是指以在药物组合物中的量服用其是安全的,后者是指其不会明显地与活性组分反应或导致对活性组分的治疗活性产生不期望的作用。
各种化合物的给药量可通过标准程序测定并考虑例如下列因素:化合物活性(体外活性,例如化合物IC50 vs. 靶标,或在动物药效模型中的体内活性)、动物模型中药代动力学结果(如生物学半衰期或生物利用度)、对象的年龄、大小和体重、以及对象相关的疾病。这些因子以及其他因子的重要性对于本领域技术人员来说是熟知的。一般而言,剂量范围会在约0.01至50 mg/kg,或约0.1至20 mg/kg。可使用多剂量给药。
本文所述的化合物也可与其他用于治疗相同疾病的疗法联合使用。这种联合使用包括在不同时间给予所述化合物以及一种或多种其他治疗剂,或联合给予所述化合物和一种或多种其他治疗剂。在一些实施方式中,可通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法,对本发明的一种或多种化合物或联合使用的其他治疗剂的剂量进行修改,例如相对于单独使用该化合物或治疗剂减少用药量。
要理解的是,联合使用包括与其他疗法、药物、医学程序等一起使用,其中其他疗法或程序可在不同于本文所述化合物的时间施用(例如在短时间内,如数小时内(如1、2、3、4-24小时内),或在较长时间内(如1-2天、2-4天、4-7天、1-4周)),或与本发明的化合物在相同时间施用。联合使用也包括与施用一次或不频繁施用的疗法或医疗程序(例如手术)一起使用,并在进行所述其他疗法或程序之前或之后的短时间内或较长时间内施用本发明所述的化合物。在一些实施方式中,本发明提供递送本发明所述的化合物和一种或多种其他药物治疗剂,所述其他药物治疗剂通过不同途径给药,或通过相同途径给药。任何给药途径的联合施用包括递送本发明所述的化合物和一种或多种其他药物治疗剂,所述其他药物治疗剂通过相同给药方式以任何制剂形式一起递送,包括将两种化合物化学性地连在一起以使得它们在给药时维持它们的治疗活性的制剂形式。在一个方面,该其他药物疗法可与本文所述的化合物共同施用。共同施用方式的联合使用包括使用共同制剂或化学上结合在一起的化合物的制剂,或在彼此来说短的时间内(如在1小时、2小时、3小时、至多24小时内)以相同或不同途径施用不同制剂形式的两种或多种化合物。单独制剂的共同施用包括通过一个装置的递送而共同施用,例如相同的吸入装置、相同注射器等,或在彼此来说短的时间内由单独的装置施用。通过相同途径给药的本文所述的化合物与一种或多种额外药物治疗剂的共同制剂包括一起制备材料,从而它们可通过一个装置给药,包括结合在一个制剂中的不同化合物,或者被修饰而可化学性地连接但仍维持它们的生物学活性的化合物。这种化学上连接的化合物可具有一个连接体,其在体内被实质性地保持,或者该连接体在体内分解从而将两种活性组分分开。在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物可以与脲酶抑制剂、抗生素、质子泵抑制剂、铋剂或其组合一起应用。该抗生素可以选自阿莫西林、克拉霉素、甲硝唑和四环素。在一些实施方式中,所述质子泵抑制剂选自兰索拉唑、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑和埃索美拉唑。在一些实施方式中,该铋剂选自水杨酸铋、枸橼酸铋钾和果胶铋。在一些实施方式中,所述脲酶抑制剂为依布硒或乙酰氧肟酸。
腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)
AMPK是细胞的能量感受器和调节器,在维持细胞代谢平衡中发挥重要作用。激活的AMPK可通过对代谢环节中的关键酶活性的急性调节以及关键转录因子表达的慢性调节,一方面可增强机体的分解代谢而促进ATP产生,另一方面可抑制合成代谢而降低ATP消耗。AMPK对葡萄糖和脂质代谢的调节作用的证据使其成为用于治疗糖尿病和代谢综合征的潜在药物靶点。AMPK能够抑制肝脏葡萄糖异生和脂质产生,同时通过增加脂质氧化而减少肝脏脂质沉积,进而改善葡萄糖和脂质分布。研究表明,瘦蛋白和脂连蛋白(脂肪因子)通过活化AMPK而调节葡萄糖和脂质代谢,进而发挥其抗糖尿病作用。其中,瘦蛋白通过直接活化AMPK并且经由下丘脑肾上腺素能通路来刺激肌肉脂肪酸氧化,脂连蛋白通过活化AMPK来在体外刺激葡萄糖摄取和脂肪酸氧化。此外,AMPK通过抑制葡萄糖异生关键基因如编码磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)的基因表达来发挥它的降血糖作用。并且在药理学水平,AMPK作为用于治疗代谢综合征的靶点的概念已经得到大量研究的支持:现有抗糖尿病药物的两种主要类型,即噻唑烷二酮类(罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)、曲格列酮(troglitazone)和吡格列酮(pioglitazone))和双胍类(二甲双胍(metformin)和苯乙双胍(phenformin))在体外细胞实验中以及在体内均活化AMPK。已有证据表明,AMPK介导罗格列酮的抗糖尿病作用。研究证实二甲双胍能够通过抑制复合物I在体外和在体内均能活化AMPK,若敲除AMPK的上游激酶LKBl则完全阻止二甲双胍的降糖作用,证明了AMPK在介导二甲双胍的抗糖尿病作用中的关键作用。许多AMPK活化剂(例如,A-769662和PT1)能够在体内发挥抗糖尿病作用。本发明的化合物是有效的AMPK活化剂。
AMPK已经作为治疗若干种肾病的富有前景的靶标。据报道,AMPK是肾脏中的若干离子通道、转运蛋白和泵的调节剂,且使用AMPK活化剂的治疗对于在各种疾病背景中预防肾损害方面是有益的。此外,AMPK活化诱导细胞中的自溶作用,而这已被证明在若干种动物模型中对肾脏有保护作用。
术语“葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病”是指由葡萄糖代谢或脂质代谢异常引起的代谢综合症。在本发明的一些实施方式中,“葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病”是指可通过调节AMPK的活性(例如AMPK激活)治疗的疾病。本发明的化合物可以治疗的“葡萄糖或脂质代谢疾病”包括但不限于肥胖症、肾病、异常脂血症、高血糖症、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病以及糖尿病并发症。
术语“C10-20脂肪酸”通常指10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪酸,并且包括但不限于C10脂肪酸、C11-12脂肪酸、C13-14脂肪酸、C15-20脂肪酸、C18脂肪酸、C16-18脂肪酸、和C19-20脂肪酸。C10-20脂肪酸的例子包括但不限于:癸酸、9-癸烯酸、十一酸、10-十一烯酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸。在优选的实施方式中,C10-20脂肪酸为C18单和/或二不饱和脂肪酸酸。
下面通过具体实施例进一步解释本发明,但是本发明不仅限于实例中。
实施例1. 双胍衍生物ML的合成与鉴定
本发明双胍衍生物ML的一个示例性合成路线如下:
取亚油酸5.6 g,N-叔丁基-1,2-乙二胺4.8 g,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐4.6 g,以及1-羟基苯并三唑3.24 g,加入无水二氯甲烷,室温反应过夜,干燥浓缩后通过柱层析纯化,得中间体1a 7.4g,产率88%。结构验证如图1所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.75 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J = 5.4Hz, 1H), 5.39 – 5.29 (m, 4H), 3.05 (dd, J = 12.2, 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.97 – 2.89(m, 2H), 2.74 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (dd, J = 13.6, 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.48 (dd,J = 14.3, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.38 – 1.19 (m, 14H), 0.85 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H);ESI-MSm/z: 445.40 [M+Na]+。
取上述化合物1a 7.4 g,溶于二氯甲烷中,然后加入三氟乙酸,室温反应,充分浓缩干燥,得中间体1b 4.8 g,产率85%。结构验证如图2所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.01 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 3H), 5.48– 5.26 (m, 4H), 3.28 (q, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.91 – 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.74 (t, J =6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (dd, J = 13.6, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (dd, J = 13.4, 6.7 Hz,4H), 1.50 (dd, J = 14.1, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.32 – 1.09 (m, 14H), 0.90 – 0.78 (m,3H);ESI-MS m/z: 323.30 [M]+。
将上述中间体1b 4.8 g,双氰胺 2.21 g及氯化铁 4.26 g加入到二氧六环中,100℃反应过夜,干燥浓缩后通过柱层析纯化,得产物1.9 g,产率31%。结构验证如图3所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.06 (s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H),5.42 – 5.22 (m, 4H), 3.23 – 3.07 (m, 4H), 2.73 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.10 –1.93 (m, 6H), 1.47 (s, 2H), 1.30 (dd, J = 36.0, 16.5 Hz, 18H), 0.86 (t, J =6.6 Hz, 3H);ESI-MS m/z:408.35 [M+2H]+。
实施例2. 双胍衍生物MU的合成与鉴定
本发明双胍衍生物MU的一个示例性合成路线如下:
取十一酸3.7 g,N-叔丁基-1,2-乙二胺4.8 g,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐4.6 g,及1-羟基苯并三唑3.2 g,加入无水二氯甲烷,室温反应过夜,干燥浓缩后通过柱层析纯化,得中间体3a 5.9 g,产率90%,结构验证如图4所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 6.16 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 3.70 (s, 1H),3.59 – 3.58 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53 – 3.51 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.44 – 3.42(t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.32 – 2.29 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0Hz, 2H), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.29 (m, 14H), 0.96 – 0.94 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H);ESI-MSm/z: 351.32 [M+Na]+。
取上述化合物3a 5.8 g,溶于二氯甲烷中,然后加入三氟乙酸,室温反应,充分浓缩干燥,得中间体3b 3.4 g,产率85%。结构验证如图5所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.69 – 3.58 (dt, J = 35.2, 8.0Hz, 2H), 2.83 – 2.80 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.18 – 2.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H),1.81 (s, 2H), 1.50 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.30 (m, 14H), 0.96 – 0.94 (m,3H);ESI-MS m/z: 229.31 [M]+。
将上述中间体3b 3.2 g,双氰胺2.2 g及氯化铁4.2 g加入到二氧六环中,100 ℃反应过夜,干燥浓缩后通过柱层析纯化,得产物1.5 g,产率35%。结构验证如图6所示:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H),3.84 (s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 1H), 3.59 – 3.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),2.30 – 2.27 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.37 – 1.00(m, 14H), 1.00 (s, 1H), 0.95 – 0.94 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 3H), 0.54 (s, 2H);ESI-MSm/z:314.29 [M+2H]+。
实施例3. 双胍衍生物对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶激活作用
采用Elisa试剂盒法测定双胍衍生物对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激活作用。将GES-1人胃上皮细胞接种于12孔板中培养24 h,吸弃培养基并加入药物(即,浓度为100 μg/mL的MET及浓度为100 μg/mL的双胍衍生物ML和MU),继续孵育24h。离心收集细胞并加入PBS吹打混匀,置于-20 ℃反复冻融5次,按照人磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒使用说明书所示方法,检测各组中GES-1细胞的AMPK的磷酸化水平。加药组对AMPK的活化程度表示为相对于空白组细胞的磷酸化AMPK水平,药物组细胞的磷酸化AMPK程度,结果如图7所示。在本发明的双胍衍生物MU和ML处理后,GES-1细胞的AMPK的磷酸化水平明显增强,并且比盐酸二甲双胍阳性对照组的激活能力更强。此外,与MU相比,ML对AMPK的激活效果更加显著,具有AMPK增强活性的ML能更好地辅助抗菌药物清除胞内细菌。
实施例4. 双胍衍生物对胞内菌的清除效果
采用涂布平板法定量评价双胍衍生物对胞内H. pylori的清除效果。将GES-1人胃上皮细胞接种于细胞孔板中培养24h,收集H. pylori菌悬液并加入孔板中与细胞共孵育,吸弃培养基并加入含庆大霉素的无双抗培养基杀灭未进入胞内的H. pylori,吸弃培养基并用无菌PBS洗涤,加入药物(即,浓度为100 μg/mL的盐酸二甲双胍MET及浓度为100 μg/mL的双胍衍生物ML和MU)继续培养24 h。加入0.1%茶皂素溶液裂解细胞,收集细胞裂解液,待用。取部分细胞裂解液涂布平板,微需氧环境下37 ℃培养72 h后,采用平板计数法量化胞内H. pylori水平,结果如图8所示。在ML和MU处理后,细胞中的H. pylori水平均明显降低,并且低于MET处理后的细菌水平。ML降低胞内细菌水平比MU组更显著,ML降低胞内菌负荷的能力更强。
实施例5. 双胍衍生物自组装纳米粒的制备与表征。
选择纳米沉淀法制备4种双胍衍生物自组装纳米粒(ML-LA NPs、ML-LA/EB NPs、FU/ML-LA NPs和FU/ML-LA/EB NPs)。制备方法如下:取不同体积的ML、LA和EB的DMF溶液混合,固定ML及LA的浓度均为25 mM,加入或不加入EB溶液(6.2 mM),使ML与EB质量比为6:1,在搅拌下滴入900 μL纯水或FU水溶液(1 mg/mL)中,继续搅拌2 min,得4种双胍衍生物自组装纳米粒。测定4种纳米粒的粒径、PDI及zeta电势,结果如表1所示,4种纳米粒均具有较小的粒径及PDI,其中ML-LA NPs和ML-LA/EB NPs带有正电荷,粒径约为125 nm。FU/ML-LANPs、FU/ML-LA/EB NPs带有负电荷,并且两者的粒径明显比ML-LA NPs和ML-LA/EB NPs大约25 nm,证明了FU的成功包覆。
表1 纳米粒的粒径、PDI及电势
采用高效液相色谱法建立4种纳米粒的定量分析方法,并测定各成分的包封率及载药量,结果如表2所示,4种纳米粒的包封率均高于80%,载药量大于55%。
表2 纳米粒的包封率和载药量
实施例6. 双胍衍生物纳米粒的细胞摄取效果
采用流式细胞仪定量分析纳米粒(根据实施例5制备)被RAW 264.7巨噬细胞和GES-1人胃上皮细胞摄取的情况。将RAW 264.7细胞和GES-1细胞于12孔板中培养24 h,加入2 mL游离C6、C6标记的纳米粒(ML-LA/C6 NPs和FU/ML-LA/C6 NPs)与细胞共同孵育4h,用PBS洗涤2次,收集1×104个细胞,通过流式细胞仪测量C6的荧光强度,结果如图9所示。在RAW 264.7细胞中,游离C6的平均荧光强度为1.52×105,ML-LA/C6 NPs为2.01×105,FU/ML-LA/C6 NPs为2.11×105。与游离C6相比,ML-LA/C6 NPs和FU/ML-LA/C6 NPs明显增强被两种细胞摄取的能力。FU/ML-LA/C6 NPs显示比ML-LA/C6 NPs更高的细胞摄取率。在GES-1细胞中检测到了两种纳米粒被细胞摄取的相同趋势,进一步证明了ML-LA/C6 NPs和FU/ML-LA/C6 NPs能提高被细胞摄取的能力。
实施例7. 双胍衍生物纳米粒对胞内菌的清除效果
采用涂布平板法定量评价双胍衍生物纳米粒(根据实施例5制备)对胞内H. pylori的清除效果。将GES-1人胃上皮细胞和RAW 264.7巨噬细胞于细胞孔板中培养24 h,收集H. pylori菌悬液并加入孔板中与细胞共孵育,吸弃培养基并加入含庆大霉素的无双抗培养基杀灭未进入胞内的H. pylori,吸弃培养基并用无菌PBS洗涤。设置以下给药组别:游离MET、游离ML、游离ML+LA+EB、ML-LA NPs、ML-LA/EB NPs及FU/ML-LA/EB NPs,同种药物浓度在各组别中保持一致(即,MET为100 μg/mL、ML为100 μg/mL、LA为70 μg/mL、EB为17 μg/mL、FU为90 μg/mL)。每孔加入上述药物2 mL继续培养24 h。加入0.1%茶皂素溶液裂解细胞,收集细胞裂解液,待用。取部分细胞裂解液涂布平板,微需氧环境下37 ℃培养72 h后,采用平板计数法量化胞内H. pylori水平,结果如图10所示。在双胍衍生物ML处理后,两种细胞中的H. pylori水平均明显降低,并且低于盐酸二甲双胍处理后的胞内细菌水平。在ML+LA+EB混合药物组,胞内细菌数进一步减少,因此LA和EB的加入能与ML协同发挥杀灭细胞内细菌的作用。在RAW 264.7细胞中,ML-LA/EB NPs和FU/ML-LA /EB NPs的细胞内细菌数分别降低78%和87%,显示出比游离药物组更高的胞内菌杀灭能力,GES-1细胞中具有同样的降低胞内菌负荷趋势。由此可知,本发明的FU/ML-LA /EB NPs能明显增强药物的摄取,提高药物到达胞内水平而发挥杀灭胞内菌作用。
采用荧光染色法评价双胍衍生物纳米粒(根据实施例5制备)对胞内H. pylori的清除效果。收集H. pylori菌悬液并与CFDA-SE荧光染料孵育30 min后,离心收集沉淀并用无菌PBS洗涤三次,然后用无双抗的培养基重悬后加入种有GES-1人胃上皮细胞和RAW264.7巨噬细胞的细胞孔板中共同孵育。吸弃培养基并加入含庆大霉素的无双抗培养基杀灭未进入胞内的H. pylori,吸弃培养基并用无菌PBS洗涤,加入上述药液继续孵育24 h。去除含药液的培养基并用无菌PBS洗涤,分别用DAPI染料染细胞核及用DAD 99染料染溶酶体,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察胞内外H. pylori水平以评价双胍衍生物对其清除效果,结果如图11和图12所示。绿色荧光表示H. pylori,红色荧光表示细胞中的溶酶体,蓝色荧光表示细胞核。在模型组中,绿色荧光和红色荧光高度重叠,说明细菌被细胞摄取后大部分聚集于溶酶体内。在双胍衍生物ML处理后,两种细胞中的H. pylori水平均明显降低,并且绿色荧光强度明显比盐酸二甲双胍处理后更弱。在ML+LA+EB混合药物组,绿色荧光强度进一步减少。ML-LA/EB NPs和FU/ML-LA/EB NPs组显示出比游离药物组更低的绿色荧光强度,说明两者具有更高的胞内菌杀灭能力,其中FU/ML-LA/EB NPs组效果更为显著,与上述涂布平板法定量结果相一致。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R为C15-20烷基或C15-20烯基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R选自正癸烷、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基和正二十烷基、正癸烯基、正十一烯基、正十二烯基、正十三烯基、正十四烯基、正十五烯基、正十六烯基、正十七烯基、正十八烯基、正十九烯基、正二十烯基、1,3-十五烷二烯基、2,5-十五烷二烯基、3,6-十五烷二烯基、4,7-十五烷二烯基、5,8-十五烷二烯基、6,9-十五烷二烯基、7,10-十五烷二烯基、8,11-十五烷二烯基、1,3-十六烷二烯基、2,5-十六烷二烯基、3,6-十六烷二烯基、4,7-十六烷二烯基、5,8-十六烷二烯基、6,9-十六烷二烯基、7,10-十六烷二烯基、8,11-十六烷二烯基、1,3-十七烷二烯基、2,5-十七烷二烯基、3,6-十七烷二烯基、4,7-十七烷二烯基、5,8-十七烷二烯基、6,9-十七烷二烯基、7,10-十七烷二烯基、8,11-十七烷二烯基、9,12-十七烷二烯基;1,3-十八烷二烯基、2,5-十八烷二烯基、3,6-十八烷二烯基、4,7-十八烷二烯基、5,8-十八烷二烯基、6,9-十八烷二烯基、7,10-十八烷二烯基、8,11-十八烷二烯基、9,12-十八烷二烯基;1,3-十九烷二烯基、2,5-十九烷二烯基、3,6-十九烷二烯基、4,7-十九烷二烯基、5,8-十九烷二烯基、6,9-十九烷二烯基、7,10-十九烷二烯基、8,11-十九烷二烯基、9,12-十九烷二烯基、10,13-十九烷二烯基、1,3-二十烷二烯基、2,5-二十烷二烯基、3,6-二十烷二烯基、4,7-二十烷二烯基、5,8-二十烷二烯基、6,9-二十烷二烯基、7,10-二十烷二烯基、8,11-二十烷二烯基、9,12-二十烷二烯基、10,13-二十烷二烯基、1,4,7-十七烷三烯基、2,5,8-十七烷三烯基、3,6,9-十七烷三烯基、4,7,10-十七烷三烯基和5,8,11-十七烷三烯基。
5.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗胞内菌感染、由胞内菌感染引起的疾病的药物中的应用;
其中所述胞内菌为幽门螺杆菌。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其中所述由胞内菌感染引起的疾病选自消化性溃疡、胃炎、消化性食管炎、无食管炎的症状性胃食管反流疾病、非溃疡性消化不良、胃酸过多性消化不良、上消化道出血、胃癌和胃MALT淋巴瘤。
8.一种自组装纳米粒,其包含:
(a)权利要求1-4中任一项所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;
(b)C10-20脂肪酸,其中所述C10-20脂肪酸与所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐构成所述自组装纳米粒的载体结构,其中所述C10-20脂肪酸选自癸酸、9-癸烯酸、十一酸、10-十一烯酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸或其组合;以及,
(c)脲酶抑制剂或抗生素,所述脲酶抑制剂或抗生素被包载嵌入所述自组装纳米粒中,其中所述脲酶抑制剂为依布硒或乙酰氧肟酸,其中所述抗生素选自阿莫西林、克拉霉素、甲硝唑、四环素、左氧氟沙星、呋喃唑酮或其组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的自组装纳米粒,其特征在于,还包括:(d)多糖,其包覆于所述自组装纳米粒的外部,其中所述多糖选自岩藻多糖、甘露聚糖、右旋糖酐和甘露醇。
10.根据权利要求8所述的自组装纳米粒,其中所述C10-20脂肪酸为亚油酸。
11.根据权利要求8所述的自组装纳米粒,其中所述脲酶抑制剂为依布硒。
12.根据权利要求9所述的自组装纳米粒,其中所述多糖为岩藻多糖。
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