CN113310071B - A Coaxial Staged Burner for Low Pollution Combustion Chamber of Gas Fuel Gas Turbine - Google Patents
A Coaxial Staged Burner for Low Pollution Combustion Chamber of Gas Fuel Gas Turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113310071B CN113310071B CN202110664338.7A CN202110664338A CN113310071B CN 113310071 B CN113310071 B CN 113310071B CN 202110664338 A CN202110664338 A CN 202110664338A CN 113310071 B CN113310071 B CN 113310071B
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 319
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2r)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(N)=O UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001669680 Dormitator maculatus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
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Abstract
本发明属于燃气轮机燃烧室技术领域，具体涉及一种用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器。本发明采用渐缩式旋流流道对气流进行加速；在各级旋流叶片后方均设置渐缩掺混段，增强燃料同空气之间的掺混；第一级燃料从燃料管经燃料支路进入轮毂燃料环腔，第二级、第三级燃料进入轮毂燃料环腔前先进入整流燃料环腔，经整流后从轮毂燃料环腔的四个扇形轮毂燃料环腔入口进入轮毂燃料环腔，保证同级的各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀，增强预混效果；第一级预混级燃料从轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出，并随第一级预混级空气沿第一级外轮毂进入回流区，避免燃料在旋流器出口聚集，有效防止回火和烧蚀燃烧器现象的发生。
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion chambers of gas turbines, and in particular relates to a coaxial staged burner used in low-pollution combustion chambers of gas fuel gas turbines. The invention adopts a tapered swirl channel to accelerate the air flow; tapered mixing sections are arranged behind the swirl blades at all levels to enhance the mixing between fuel and air; the first-stage fuel flows from the fuel pipe through the fuel branch The second and third stage fuel enters the rectified fuel annulus before entering the hub fuel annulus, and enters the hub fuel annulus from the four fan-shaped hub fuel annulus inlets of the hub fuel annulus after rectification , to ensure that the fuel flow in each interblade channel of the same level is uniform, and to enhance the premixing effect; the first-stage premixed fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection hole on the hub, and along with the first-stage premixed air along the first-stage outer The hub enters the recirculation zone to avoid fuel accumulation at the outlet of the swirler, effectively preventing backfire and ablation of the burner.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃气轮机燃烧室技术领域，具体涉及一种用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器。The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion chambers of gas turbines, and in particular relates to a coaxial staged burner used in low-pollution combustion chambers of gas fuel gas turbines.
背景技术Background technique
燃气轮机污染物排放源自燃烧室内的燃烧化学反应。燃烧室的主要污染物包括一氧化碳、氮氧化物、未燃碳氢、碳烟等，其中氮氧化物是最难控制的一种污染物。由于热力型机理对燃烧室内氮氧化物的生成起主导作用，因此控制燃烧温度是降低氮氧化物排放的有效手段。贫预混燃烧技术可使燃烧室内燃烧反应在较低当量比下进行，有效控制燃烧温度，进而减少氮氧化物排放。Gas turbine pollutant emissions originate from combustion chemical reactions within the combustor. The main pollutants in the combustion chamber include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, soot, etc., among which nitrogen oxides are the most difficult pollutants to control. Since the thermodynamic mechanism plays a leading role in the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber, controlling the combustion temperature is an effective means to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Lean premixed combustion technology can make the combustion reaction in the combustion chamber proceed at a lower equivalence ratio, effectively control the combustion temperature, and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.
由于贫预混燃烧容易出现燃烧不稳定的问题，人们提出同轴分级燃烧技术对燃烧反应进行分级分区组织，在降低污染物生成的同时保证燃烧的稳定性。该技术中燃烧室头部的同轴分级燃烧器由中心的值班级和外围的多级预混级组成，值班级和预混级同轴嵌套在一起，通过改变不同级之间燃料流量分配来实现燃料的分级分区燃烧，可有效的降低污染物的排放并保证燃烧性能。同轴分级燃烧技术成为低污染燃烧技术的重要发展方向之一。Because lean premixed combustion is prone to combustion instability, people have proposed coaxial staged combustion technology to organize the combustion reaction in stages and partitions to ensure combustion stability while reducing pollutants. In this technology, the coaxial staged burner at the head of the combustion chamber is composed of the central duty stage and the peripheral multi-stage premixing stage. The duty stage and the premixing stage are coaxially nested together. By changing the fuel flow distribution between different stages To achieve the staged and partitioned combustion of fuel, it can effectively reduce the emission of pollutants and ensure the combustion performance. Coaxial staged combustion technology has become one of the important development directions of low-pollution combustion technology.
国内近年也有许多关于气体燃料燃烧器的申请专利。专利20190312864.X公开了一种用于气体燃料燃烧室的同轴分级旋流和掺混一体化头部，主体部分为三级掺混/旋流一体化的塔式旋流器，其解决回火问题的技术手段是引入吹扫空气。专利202011162316.2公开了一种同轴分级气体燃料低排放喷嘴，其中第一、第二级燃料分别通过第一级和第二级旋流叶片上的燃料喷孔喷出以实现同轴分级，第三级燃料通过燃料喷嘴上的燃料喷孔喷入第二级燃烧区下游以实现轴向分级。专利202011161297.1公开了一种径向分级部分预混型气体燃料喷嘴，其燃烧分级策略为径向分级，包括主燃路和引燃路两部分，并采用一级文氏管结构的压出器来强化掺混和防止回火。其中引燃路喷嘴可提供非预混燃料用于扩散燃烧，主燃路喷嘴可提供预混燃料进行贫预混燃烧。In recent years, there have been many patent applications for gas fuel burners in China. Patent 20190312864.X discloses a coaxial graded swirl and blending integrated head for gas fuel combustion chambers. The main part is a three-stage blending/swirl integrated tower swirler, which solves the A technical solution to the fire problem is the introduction of purge air. Patent 202011162316.2 discloses a low-emission nozzle for coaxially graded gas fuel, in which the first and second stage fuels are sprayed through the fuel injection holes on the first and second stage swirl vanes respectively to achieve coaxial staging, and the third stage The first-stage fuel is injected into the downstream of the second-stage combustion zone through the fuel injection holes on the fuel nozzle to achieve axial staging. Patent 202011161297.1 discloses a radially graded partly premixed gas fuel nozzle. The combustion graded strategy is radially graded, including two parts, the main combustion path and the pilot combustion path, and a first-stage Venturi tube structure extruder is used to Enhances blending and prevents flashback. Among them, the pilot nozzle can provide non-premixed fuel for diffusion combustion, and the main combustion nozzle can provide premixed fuel for lean premixed combustion.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供可以使燃气轮机燃烧室在宽工况范围内燃烧稳定、污染物排放低且防止回火的一种用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器。The object of the present invention is to provide a coaxial staged burner for the low-pollution combustion chamber of gas fuel gas turbine, which can make the combustion chamber of the gas turbine combustor stable in a wide range of working conditions, discharge low pollutants and prevent flashback.
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案来实现：包括值班级燃料流路、第一级轮毂、第二级轮毂、第三级轮毂、第一级燃料导管、第二级燃料导管、第三级燃料导管；所述的第一级轮毂、第二级轮毂、第三级轮毂的内壁内侧空间均由渐缩旋流流道和渐缩掺混段组成，渐缩旋流流道位于渐缩掺混段前方，各渐缩掺混段的末端均与一体化文氏管连接；The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: including duty-level fuel flow path, first-level hub, second-level hub, third-level hub, first-level fuel conduit, second-stage fuel conduit, third-stage fuel conduit ; The space inside the inner wall of the first-stage hub, the second-stage hub, and the third-stage hub is composed of a tapered swirl flow channel and a tapered blending section, and the tapered swirl flow channel is located in the tapered blending section In the front, the end of each tapered mixing section is connected with an integrated venturi tube;
所述的值班级燃料流路包括值班级燃料导管和中心钝体；所述的中心钝体设置在第一级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在中心钝体与第一级轮毂之间布置有一圈第一旋流叶片；所述的第一级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第一级轮毂燃料环腔，在第一级轮毂内壁表面上均匀排布有第一预混级的燃料喷孔，第一预混级的燃料喷孔与第一级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第一级燃料导管布置在第一级轮毂前方，第一级燃料导管通过燃料支路与第一级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的值班级燃料导管一端与中心钝体前端连接，另一端从第一级燃料导管底部伸出；所述的中心钝体内部设有值班级燃料腔，沿中心钝体的斜坡面以及端面开设有值班级燃料喷孔，值班级燃料喷孔与第一级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；The duty-level fuel flow path includes a duty-level fuel conduit and a central blunt body; the central blunt body is arranged in the tapered swirl flow channel of the first-stage hub, and is arranged between the central blunt body and the first-stage hub There is a circle of first swirl blades; the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the first-stage hub, and the fuel of the first premixed stage is uniformly arranged on the inner wall surface of the first-stage hub Injection hole, the fuel injection hole of the first premixing stage communicates with the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity; the first-stage fuel conduit is arranged in front of the first-stage hub, and the first-stage fuel conduit communicates with the first-stage fuel conduit through a fuel branch The first-stage hub fuel ring cavity is connected; one end of the duty-grade fuel conduit is connected to the front end of the central blunt body, and the other end protrudes from the bottom of the first-stage fuel conduit; a duty-grade fuel chamber is provided inside the central blunt body, along the center The slope surface and end surface of the blunt body are provided with duty-level fuel injection holes, and the duty-level fuel injection holes communicate with the tapered mixing section of the first-stage hub;
所述的第二级轮毂整体位于第一级轮毂外壁外侧，在第一级轮毂与第二级轮毂之间布置有一圈第二旋流叶片，且第二旋流叶片全部位于第二级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在第二旋流叶片内部设有叶片燃料腔，在第二旋流叶片表面开设有第二预混级的燃料喷孔，第二预混级的燃料喷孔与第二级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；所述的第二级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第二级轮毂燃料环腔；所述的第二级轮毂前端安装有第一整流燃料环腔，第一整流燃料环腔与第二级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第二级燃料导管布置在第二级轮毂的前方，第二级燃料导管通过燃料管转接段与第一整流燃料环腔连接；The second-stage hub is located entirely outside the outer wall of the first-stage hub, and a circle of second swirl blades is arranged between the first-stage hub and the second-stage hub, and all the second swirl blades are located on the outer wall of the second-stage hub. In the tapered swirl channel, a vane fuel cavity is provided inside the second swirl vane, and fuel injection holes of the second premixing stage are opened on the surface of the second swirling vane, and the fuel injection holes of the second premixing stage are connected with the first The tapered mixing section of the second-stage hub is connected; the second-stage hub fuel ring cavity is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the second-stage hub; the first rectification fuel ring cavity is installed at the front end of the second-stage hub , the first rectified fuel annular cavity communicates with the fuel annular cavity of the second-stage hub; the second-stage fuel conduit is arranged in front of the second-stage hub, and the second-stage fuel conduit is connected to the first rectified fuel conduit through the fuel pipe transition section Ring cavity connection;
所述的第三级轮毂整体位于第一级轮毂外壁外侧，在第二级轮毂与第三级轮毂之间布置有一圈第三旋流叶片，且第三旋流叶片全部位于第三级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在第三旋流叶片内部设有叶片燃料腔，在第三旋流叶片表面开设有第三预混级的燃料喷孔，第三预混级的燃料喷孔与第三级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；所述的第三级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第三级轮毂燃料环腔；所述的第三级轮毂前端安装有第二整流燃料环腔，第二整流燃料环腔与第三级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第三级燃料导管布置在第三级轮毂的前方，第三级燃料导管通过燃料管转接段与第二整流燃料环腔连接。The third-stage hub is located outside the outer wall of the first-stage hub as a whole, and a circle of third-stage swirl blades is arranged between the second-stage hub and the third-stage hub, and all the third-stage swirl blades are located on the outer wall of the third-stage hub. In the tapered swirl channel, a vane fuel cavity is provided inside the third swirl vane, and a fuel injection hole of the third premixing stage is opened on the surface of the third swirling vane, and the fuel injection hole of the third premixing stage is connected with the first The tapered blending section of the third-stage hub is connected; the third-stage hub fuel ring cavity is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the third-stage hub; the second rectification fuel ring cavity is installed at the front end of the third-stage hub , the second rectification fuel ring cavity communicates with the fuel ring cavity of the third-stage hub; the third-stage fuel conduit is arranged in front of the third-stage hub, and the third-stage fuel conduit connects with the second rectification fuel conduit through the fuel pipe transition section ring connection.
本发明还可以包括：The present invention may also include:
所述的一体化文氏管包括第一级文氏管、第二级文氏管和第三级文氏管，第一级文氏管位于第一级轮毂的渐缩掺混段末端，第二级文氏管位于第二级轮毂的渐缩掺混段末端，第三级文氏管位于第三级轮毂的渐缩掺混段末端；所述的第一级文氏管的出口轴向位置位于第二级文氏管的喉道部位，第二级文氏管的出口轴向位置位于第三级文氏管的喉道部位。The integrated venturi tube includes a first-stage venturi tube, a second-stage venturi tube and a third-stage venturi tube. The first-stage venturi tube is located at the end of the tapered blending section of the first-stage hub. The second-stage venturi tube is located at the end of the tapered mixing section of the second-stage hub, and the third-stage venturi tube is located at the end of the tapered mixing section of the third-stage hub; the outlet of the first-stage venturi tube is axially The position is located at the throat of the second-stage Venturi tube, and the axial position of the outlet of the second-stage Venturi tube is located at the throat of the third-stage Venturi tube.
所述的第一旋流叶片为直叶片；所述的第二旋流叶片、第三旋流叶片为NACA叶型叶片，叶片安装角为35°～45°。The first swirl blade is a straight blade; the second swirl blade and the third swirl blade are NACA blades, and the blade installation angle is 35°-45°.
所述的第二级燃料导管通过圆形转扇形的燃料管转接段与第一整流燃料环腔的扇形入口连接；所述的第三级燃料导管通过圆形转扇形的燃料管转接段与第二整流燃料环腔的扇形入口连接；所述的第二级轮毂燃料环腔和第三级轮毂燃料环腔的入口形状均为扇形。The second-stage fuel conduit is connected to the fan-shaped inlet of the first rectified fuel annulus through a circular-to-sector fuel pipe transition section; the third-stage fuel conduit is connected to a circular-to-sector fuel pipe transition section It is connected with the fan-shaped inlet of the second rectifying fuel annular cavity; the inlet shapes of the second-stage hub fuel annular cavity and the third-stage hub fuel annular cavity are fan-shaped.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明中燃烧室在预混燃烧条件下，无需布置吹扫空气或值班级扩散燃料便可对火焰进行托举，防止回火现象发生烧蚀燃烧器，结构简单且无扩散燃烧，污染物排放低；各级旋流叶片后方均设置渐缩掺混段，增强燃料同空气之间的掺混；第一级燃料从燃料管经燃料支路进入轮毂燃料环腔，第二级、第三级燃料进入轮毂燃料环腔前先进入整流燃料环腔，经整流后从轮毂燃料环腔的四个扇形轮毂燃料环腔入口进入轮毂燃料环腔，这种燃料供给方式可保证同级的各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀，增强预混效果；第一级预混级燃料从轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出，并随第一级预混级空气沿第一级外轮毂进入回流区，避免燃料在旋流器出口聚集，有效防止回火和烧蚀燃烧器现象的发生。本发明采用渐缩式旋流流道对气流进行加速防止回火，并在各级旋流流道末端设置一体化文氏管结构，该文氏管结构中，内级文氏管出口轴向位置位于相邻的外级文氏管的吼道位置，这种文氏管结构可对气流进行逐级加速，防止回火。In the present invention, under the condition of premixed combustion, the combustion chamber can support the flame without arranging purge air or duty-level diffusion fuel to prevent backfire phenomenon from ablation burner. The structure is simple and there is no diffusion combustion, and pollutants are discharged. Low; the tapered mixing section is set behind the swirl blades at all levels to enhance the mixing between fuel and air; the first-stage fuel enters the hub fuel ring cavity from the fuel pipe through the fuel branch, and the second and third stages The fuel enters the rectified fuel ring cavity before entering the hub fuel ring cavity, and enters the hub fuel ring cavity from the four fan-shaped hub fuel ring cavity inlets after rectification. This fuel supply method can ensure that the blades of the same level The fuel flow in the flow channel is uniform, which enhances the premixing effect; the first-stage premixed fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection hole on the hub, and enters the recirculation area along with the first-stage premixed air along the first-stage outer hub to avoid fuel The outlet of the cyclone is gathered to effectively prevent the phenomenon of tempering and ablation of the burner. The invention adopts the tapered swirl channel to accelerate the air flow to prevent tempering, and an integrated venturi structure is arranged at the ends of the swirl channels at each level. In the venturi structure, the outlet of the inner venturi tube is axially The location is located at the roar of the adjacent outer Venturi tube. This Venturi tube structure can accelerate the airflow step by step to prevent backfire.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的总体示意图。Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的剖面图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the present invention.
图3为本发明中三级轮毂及其叶片的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-stage hub and its blades in the present invention.
图4为本发明中叶片燃料腔的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vane fuel cavity in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明设计了一种用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器，由燃料管、燃料管转接段、三级渐缩式预混级、一级值班级、第一级燃料支路、整流燃料环腔、渐缩掺混段及一体化文氏管组成。其中第一级预混级(由内向外)燃料从第一级燃料管经第一级燃料支路进入第一级轮毂燃料环腔，并从位于第一级外轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出，第一级燃料的喷射方式可避免燃料在燃烧器出口处聚集，起到防回火的作用；第二级、第三级预混级燃料分别经第二级、第三级燃料管依次进入整流燃料环腔、轮毂燃料环腔和叶片燃料腔，并从位于叶片上的燃料喷孔喷出；轮毂燃料环腔入口形状为扇形，可增大通流面积；值班级燃料经值班级燃料管进入中心钝体燃料腔，并从位于钝体末端的燃料喷孔喷出。第一级燃料支路和整流燃料环腔的存在可保证同级的各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀，强化掺混效果。渐缩旋流通道内的叶片后方设置渐缩掺混段，用以强化燃料/空气掺混。燃烧器预混级采用渐缩旋流通道用以对气流进行加速，此外每级预混级出口处均设置一体化的文氏管，且内级文氏管出口轴向位置位于相邻的外级文氏管吼道位置，这种文氏管布置方式对气流逐级加速，防止回火。各级燃料流量均可独立控制，保证燃烧室在宽工况范围内稳定、高效燃烧，并控制污染物排放。该燃烧器可实现燃料分级分区燃烧，燃烧稳定，污染物排放少，适用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室。The present invention designs a coaxial staged burner for low-pollution combustion chambers of gas fuel gas turbines. It is composed of a branch circuit, a rectifying fuel ring cavity, a tapered mixing section and an integrated venturi tube. Among them, the fuel of the first-stage premixed stage (from inside to outside) enters the fuel ring cavity of the first-stage hub through the first-stage fuel pipe through the first-stage fuel branch, and is sprayed out from the fuel injection hole on the first-stage outer hub. , the injection method of the first-stage fuel can prevent fuel from accumulating at the outlet of the burner, and play the role of preventing flashback; the second-stage and third-stage premixed-stage fuels enter through the second-stage and third-stage fuel pipes respectively Rectify the fuel ring cavity, the hub fuel ring cavity and the blade fuel cavity, and spray from the fuel injection holes on the blades; the hub fuel ring cavity is fan-shaped in shape, which can increase the flow area; duty-level fuel enters through the duty-level fuel pipe The central blunt body fuel cavity, and ejected from the fuel nozzle located at the end of the blunt body. The existence of the first-stage fuel branch circuit and the rectified fuel annular cavity can ensure uniform fuel flow in each interblade flow channel of the same stage and enhance the mixing effect. A tapered mixing section is arranged behind the blades in the tapered swirl channel to enhance fuel/air mixing. The premixing stage of the burner adopts a tapered swirl channel to accelerate the airflow. In addition, an integrated venturi tube is installed at the outlet of each premixing stage, and the axial position of the venturi tube outlet of the inner stage is located in the adjacent outer stage. Venturi tube roar position, this venturi tube arrangement accelerates the airflow step by step to prevent backfire. The fuel flow at all levels can be independently controlled to ensure stable and efficient combustion of the combustion chamber in a wide range of working conditions and to control pollutant emissions. The burner can realize staged and partitioned fuel combustion, stable combustion, and less pollutant emission, and is suitable for low-pollution combustion chambers of gas fuel gas turbines.
一种用于气体燃料燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器，包括值班级燃料流路10、第一级轮毂、第二级轮毂、第三级轮毂、第一级燃料导管、第二级燃料导管、第三级燃料导管；所述的第一级轮毂、第二级轮毂、第三级轮毂的内壁内侧空间均由渐缩旋流流道9和渐缩掺混段11组成，渐缩旋流流道位于渐缩掺混段前方，各渐缩掺混段的末端均与一体化文氏管8连接；A coaxial staged burner for a low-pollution combustion chamber of a gas fuel gas turbine, including a duty-level
所述的值班级燃料流路包括值班级燃料导管和中心钝体；所述的中心钝体设置在第一级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在中心钝体与第一级轮毂之间布置有一圈第一旋流叶片；所述的第一级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第一级轮毂燃料环腔，在第一级轮毂内壁表面上均匀排布有第一预混级的燃料喷孔5，第一预混级的燃料喷孔与第一级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第一级燃料导管布置在第一级轮毂前方，第一级燃料导管通过燃料支路4与第一级燃料腔连通；所述的值班级燃料导管一端与中心钝体前端连接，另一端从第一级燃料导管底部伸出；所述的中心钝体内部设有值班级燃料腔12，沿中心钝体的斜坡面以及端面开设有值班级燃料喷孔15，值班级燃料喷孔与第一级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；The duty-level fuel flow path includes a duty-level fuel conduit and a central blunt body; the central blunt body is arranged in the tapered swirl flow channel of the first-stage hub, and is arranged between the central blunt body and the first-stage hub There is a circle of first swirl blades; the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the first-stage hub, and the fuel of the first premixed stage is uniformly arranged on the inner wall surface of the first-stage hub Injection hole 5, the fuel injection hole of the first premixing stage communicates with the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity; the first-stage fuel conduit is arranged in front of the first-stage hub, and the first-stage fuel conduit passes through the
所述的第二级轮毂整体位于第一级轮毂外壁外侧，在第一级轮毂与第二级轮毂之间布置有一圈第二旋流叶片，且第二旋流叶片全部位于第二级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在第二旋流叶片内部设有叶片燃料腔，在第二旋流叶片表面开设有第二预混级的燃料喷孔，第二预混级的燃料喷孔与第二级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；所述的第二级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第二级轮毂燃料环腔；所述的第二级轮毂前端安装有第一整流燃料环腔，第一整流燃料环腔与第二级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第二级燃料导管布置在第二级轮毂的前方，第二级燃料导管通过燃料管转接段与第一整流燃料环腔连接；The second-stage hub is located entirely outside the outer wall of the first-stage hub, and a circle of second swirl blades is arranged between the first-stage hub and the second-stage hub, and all the second swirl blades are located on the outer wall of the second-stage hub. In the tapered swirl channel, a vane fuel cavity is provided inside the second swirl vane, and fuel injection holes of the second premixing stage are opened on the surface of the second swirling vane, and the fuel injection holes of the second premixing stage are connected with the first The tapered mixing section of the second-stage hub is connected; the second-stage hub fuel ring cavity is provided between the inner wall and the outer wall of the second-stage hub; the first rectification fuel ring cavity is installed at the front end of the second-stage hub , the first rectified fuel annular cavity communicates with the fuel annular cavity of the second-stage hub; the second-stage fuel conduit is arranged in front of the second-stage hub, and the second-stage fuel conduit is connected to the first rectified fuel conduit through the fuel pipe transition section Ring cavity connection;
所述的第三级轮毂整体位于第一级轮毂外壁外侧，在第二级轮毂与第三级轮毂之间布置有一圈第三旋流叶片，且第三旋流叶片全部位于第三级轮毂的渐缩旋流流道中，在第三旋流叶片内部设有叶片燃料腔16，在第三旋流叶片表面开设有第三预混级的燃料喷孔6，第三预混级的燃料喷孔与第三级轮毂的渐缩掺混段连通；所述的第三级轮毂的内壁与外壁之间设有第三级轮毂燃料环腔14；所述的第三级轮毂前端安装有第二整流燃料环腔13，第二整流燃料环腔与第三级轮毂燃料环腔连通；所述的第三级燃料导管2布置在第三级轮毂的前方，第三级燃料导管通过燃料管转接段3与第二整流燃料环腔连接。The third-stage hub is located outside the outer wall of the first-stage hub as a whole, and a circle of third-stage swirl blades is arranged between the second-stage hub and the third-stage hub, and all the third-stage swirl blades are located on the outer wall of the third-stage hub. In the tapering swirl channel, a
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明中燃烧室在预混燃烧条件下，无需布置吹扫空气或值班级扩散燃料便可对火焰进行托举，防止回火现象发生烧蚀燃烧器，结构简单且无扩散燃烧，污染物排放低；各级旋流叶片后方均设置渐缩掺混段，增强燃料同空气之间的掺混；第一级燃料从燃料管经燃料支路进入轮毂燃料环腔，第二级、第三级燃料进入轮毂燃料环腔前先进入整流燃料环腔，经整流后从轮毂燃料环腔的四个扇形轮毂燃料环腔入口进入轮毂燃料环腔，这种燃料供给方式可保证同级的各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀，增强预混效果；第一级预混级燃料从轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出，并随第一级预混级空气沿第一级外轮毂进入回流区，避免燃料在旋流器出口聚集，有效防止回火和烧蚀燃烧器现象的发生。In the present invention, under the condition of premixed combustion, the combustion chamber can support the flame without arranging purge air or duty-level diffusion fuel to prevent backfire phenomenon from ablation burner. The structure is simple and there is no diffusion combustion, and pollutants are discharged. Low; the tapered mixing section is set behind the swirl blades at all levels to enhance the mixing between fuel and air; the first-stage fuel enters the hub fuel ring cavity from the fuel pipe through the fuel branch, and the second and third stages The fuel enters the rectified fuel ring cavity before entering the hub fuel ring cavity, and enters the hub fuel ring cavity from the four fan-shaped hub fuel ring cavity inlets after rectification. This fuel supply method can ensure that the blades of the same level The fuel flow in the flow channel is uniform, which enhances the premixing effect; the first-stage premixed fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection hole on the hub, and enters the recirculation area along with the first-stage premixed air along the first-stage outer hub to avoid fuel The outlet of the cyclone is gathered to effectively prevent the phenomenon of tempering and ablation of the burner.
本发明采用渐缩式旋流流道对气流进行加速防止回火，并在各级旋流流道末端设置一体化文氏管结构，该文氏管结构中，内级文氏管出口轴向位置位于相邻的外级文氏管的吼道位置，这种文氏管结构可对气流进行逐级加速，防止回火。The invention adopts the tapered swirl channel to accelerate the air flow to prevent tempering, and an integrated venturi structure is arranged at the ends of the swirl channels at each level. In the venturi structure, the outlet of the inner venturi tube is axially The location is located at the roar of the adjacent outer Venturi tube. This Venturi tube structure can accelerate the airflow step by step to prevent backfire.
实施例1：Example 1:
参照图1～图4，本实施例用于燃气轮机低污染燃烧室的同轴分级燃烧器，主体部分采用三级渐缩式预混级、一级值班级、渐缩掺混段及一体化文氏管组成；各级旋流器外轮毂内设置轮毂燃料环腔，第二级、第三级旋流叶片内设置叶片燃料腔，旋流器中心钝体内设置中心钝体燃料腔；第一级轮毂燃料环腔外设置四支燃料支路，第二级、第三级外轮毂前方设置整流燃料环腔，保证同级的各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀。Referring to Figures 1 to 4, this embodiment is used in a coaxial staged burner for a low-pollution combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The hub fuel ring cavity is set in the outer hub of the swirler at each level, the blade fuel cavity is set in the second and third level swirl blades, and the central blunt body fuel cavity is set in the center blunt body of the swirler; the first level Four fuel branches are set outside the fuel ring cavity of the hub, and rectified fuel ring cavities are set in front of the outer hub of the second stage and the third stage to ensure uniform fuel flow in the interblade flow channels of the same stage.
旋流叶片位于渐缩旋流流道内，渐缩掺混段位于渐缩旋流流道内旋流叶片的后方，第一级燃料支路位于第一级外轮毂前方，整流燃料环腔位于第二级、第三级外轮毂前方，轮毂燃料环腔位于旋流器各级外轮毂内，叶片燃料腔位于第二级、第三级旋流叶片内，中心钝体燃料腔位于旋流器中心钝体内，一体化文氏管位于旋流器渐缩旋流流道末端，第一预混级的燃料喷孔位于旋流器第一级外轮毂上，第二、第三级预混级的燃料喷孔分别位于第二、第三级旋流叶片上，值班级的燃料喷孔位于旋流器中心钝体末端，各级燃料流量均可实现单独控制。其中，空气进口、渐缩旋流流道、渐缩掺混段、一体化文氏管、和旋流器出口组成空气流路。渐缩旋流通道内安装有旋流叶片，空气在旋流叶片的作用下旋转流动；一体化文氏管用于逐级增加气流速度，防止回火；第一级燃料管、第一级燃料支路、第一级轮毂燃料环腔、第一级轮毂燃料喷孔组成第一级预混燃料流路；第二级第三级燃料管、第二级第三级整流燃料环腔、第二级第三级轮毂燃料环腔、第二级第三级叶片燃料腔，第二级第三级叶片燃料喷孔组成第二级第三级预混燃料流路；值班级燃料管、中心钝体燃料腔、值班级燃料喷孔组成值班级燃料流路。The swirl vane is located in the tapered swirl channel, the tapered mixing section is located behind the swirl vane in the tapered swirl channel, the first-stage fuel branch is located in front of the first-stage outer hub, and the rectified fuel ring cavity is located in the second In front of the outer hubs of the first and third stages, the hub fuel ring cavity is located in the outer hubs of the swirler at all levels, the blade fuel cavity is located in the second and third stage swirl blades, and the central blunt body fuel cavity is located in the swirler center blunt In the body, the integrated venturi tube is located at the end of the tapered swirl channel of the swirler, the fuel injection holes of the first premixing stage are located on the outer hub of the first stage of the swirler, and the fuel injection holes of the second and third premixing stages The injection holes are respectively located on the second and third stage swirl blades, and the fuel injection holes of the duty class are located at the end of the blunt body in the center of the swirler, and the fuel flow of each stage can be individually controlled. Wherein, the air inlet, the tapered swirl channel, the tapered mixing section, the integrated venturi tube, and the cyclone outlet form the air flow path. There are swirl blades installed in the tapered swirl channel, and the air rotates and flows under the action of the swirl blades; the integrated venturi tube is used to increase the air velocity step by step to prevent backfire; the first-stage fuel pipe, the first-stage fuel branch , the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity, and the first-stage hub fuel injection hole form the first-stage premixed fuel flow path; the second-stage and third-stage fuel pipes, the second-stage and third-stage rectification fuel annular cavity, the second-stage and The third-stage hub fuel ring cavity, the second-stage and third-stage vane fuel chamber, the second-stage and third-stage vane fuel injection holes form the second-stage and third-stage premixed fuel flow path; duty-level fuel pipe, central blunt body fuel chamber 1. On-duty fuel injection holes form the on-duty fuel flow path.
三级预混级主体部分为三级轴流式旋流器，各级均采用渐缩旋流流道。燃料管同整流燃料环腔间用圆形转扇形的燃料管转接段连接。旋流叶片后方设置渐缩掺混段用以强化掺混。The main part of the three-stage premixing stage is a three-stage axial flow cyclone, and each stage adopts a tapered swirl flow channel. The fuel pipe is connected with the rectified fuel ring cavity by a circular-to-sector fuel pipe transition section. A tapered mixing section is set behind the swirl blades to enhance mixing.
第一级旋流叶片为直叶片7a，第二级、第三级旋流叶片为NACA叶型叶片7b，旋流叶片数量为6～12个，叶片安装角为35°～45°。The first-stage swirl blades are
第一级预混级燃料从燃料管经四个第一级燃料支路进入第一级轮毂燃料环腔，并从第一级轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出。其中第一级的每个叶间流道内布置两排燃料喷孔，每排3个，孔径1.0mm～1.5mm。The first-stage premixed fuel enters the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity from the fuel pipe through four first-stage fuel branches, and is sprayed out from the fuel injection holes on the first-stage hub. Among them, two rows of fuel injection holes are arranged in each interblade flow channel of the first stage, each row has three fuel injection holes, and the hole diameter is 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm.
第二级、第三级预混级燃料从燃料管依次进入整流燃料环腔、轮毂燃料环腔和叶片燃料腔，并从叶片上的燃料喷孔喷出。其中轮毂燃料环腔入口形状为扇形，第二级、第三级的每个旋流叶片设置三个贯穿叶片的燃料喷孔，孔径1.0mm～1.5mm。The second-stage and third-stage premixed fuels enter the rectification fuel ring cavity, the hub fuel ring cavity and the vane fuel cavity sequentially from the fuel pipe, and are sprayed out from the fuel injection holes on the vane. The shape of the inlet of the hub fuel ring cavity is fan-shaped, and each swirl blade of the second stage and the third stage is provided with three fuel injection holes penetrating the blade, with a diameter of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm.
本实施例中，空气进口1、渐缩旋流流道9、渐缩掺混段11、一体化文氏管8、旋流器出口17组成空气流路，其中渐缩旋流流道可对气流进行加速，防止回火。渐缩旋流流道内安装有旋流叶片，第一、第二、第三级旋流叶片依次为6、10、12个，叶片安装角为依次为35°、40°、40°。第一级旋流叶片采用直叶片，第二级、第三级旋流叶片采用NACA叶型叶片，空气经过渐缩旋流流道9并在旋流叶片的作用下形成旋流。三级渐缩旋流流道末端均设置一体化的文氏管，且内级文氏管出口轴向位置位于相邻的外级文氏管的吼道位置，该文氏管布置方式可对气流进行逐级加速，防止回火。In this embodiment, the air inlet 1, the tapered swirl channel 9, the tapered
本实施例中，第一级燃料管、第一级燃料支路、第一级轮毂燃料环腔、第一级轮毂燃料喷孔组成第一级燃料流路，第一级预混燃料从轮毂喷入可防止燃料在旋流器出口聚集；第二级第三级燃料管、第二级第三级整流燃料环腔、第二级第三级轮毂燃料环腔、第二级第三级叶片燃料腔，第二级第三级叶片燃料喷孔组成第二级第三级燃料流路；轮毂燃料环腔入口形状为扇形，可增大通流面积；值班级燃料管、中心钝体燃料腔、值班级燃料喷孔组成值班级燃料流路。各级燃料流量均可单独控制，保证燃烧稳定且污染物排放低。In this embodiment, the first-stage fuel pipe, the first-stage fuel branch, the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity, and the first-stage hub fuel injection hole form the first-stage fuel flow path, and the first-stage premixed fuel is sprayed from the hub. Inlets can prevent fuel from accumulating at the outlet of the swirler; second-stage and third-stage fuel pipes, second-stage and third-stage rectification fuel annular chambers, second-stage and third-stage hub fuel annular chambers, second-stage and third-stage blade fuel cavity, the second and third blade fuel injection holes form the second and third fuel flow path; the hub fuel ring cavity entrance shape is fan-shaped, which can increase the flow area; Class fuel injection holes form duty-class fuel flow path. The fuel flow of each stage can be controlled separately to ensure stable combustion and low pollutant emissions.
燃烧器燃料路的具体工作过程是：The specific working process of the burner fuel circuit is:
点火工况时仅值班级和第一级预混级供入燃料，随着工况的提升依次打开并增加第二、第三级预混级的燃料供给，并逐渐减小直至切断值班级燃料供给。值班级燃料从值班级燃料管进入中心钝体燃料腔，从中心钝体末端的轴向和斜径向燃料喷孔喷出；第一级预混级燃料从燃料管经第一级燃料支路进入第一级轮毂燃料环腔，并从第一级外轮毂上的燃料喷孔喷出，该喷射方式可避免燃料在旋流器出口聚集，防止回火；第二、第三级预混级燃料从燃料管先进入整流燃料环腔，再经轮毂燃料环腔入口进入轮毂燃料环腔，然后进入叶片燃料腔并从叶片上的燃料喷孔喷出，该燃料供给方式可保证各叶间流道内燃料流量均匀，强化掺混效果。In the ignition condition, only the duty level and the first level premixing level are supplied with fuel, and as the working condition increases, the fuel supply of the second and third level premixing level is opened in sequence, and gradually decreases until the duty level fuel is cut off supply. Duty-grade fuel enters the central blunt body fuel cavity from the duty-grade fuel pipe, and is sprayed out from the axial and oblique radial fuel injection holes at the end of the central blunt body; the first-stage premixed-grade fuel passes through the first-stage fuel branch from the fuel pipe Enter the first-stage hub fuel ring cavity, and spray out from the fuel injection holes on the first-stage outer hub. This injection method can avoid fuel accumulation at the swirler outlet and prevent backfire; the second and third premixing stages The fuel first enters the rectifying fuel ring cavity from the fuel pipe, then enters the hub fuel ring cavity through the inlet of the hub fuel ring cavity, and then enters the blade fuel cavity and is sprayed out from the fuel injection holes on the blades. The fuel flow in the channel is uniform and the mixing effect is enhanced.
燃烧器空气路的具体工作过程是：The specific working process of the burner air circuit is:
空气从空气入口进入并自动分配各级旋流流道内的流量，渐缩旋流流道中布置旋流叶片使气流旋转，且流道渐缩可对气流进行加速。空气经渐缩旋流流道后进入文氏管收缩段逐级加速，防止回火现象发生。接着空气进入文氏管扩张段形成扩张角，最后从旋流器出口流出。The air enters from the air inlet and automatically distributes the flow in the swirl channels at all levels. The swirl blades are arranged in the tapered swirl channels to make the air flow rotate, and the tapered flow channels can accelerate the air flow. After the air passes through the tapered swirl flow channel, it enters the Venturi tube contraction section and accelerates step by step to prevent the phenomenon of tempering. Then the air enters the expansion section of the Venturi tube to form a diverging angle, and finally flows out from the outlet of the cyclone.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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