Fuel-lean porous jet combustion system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a fuel-lean porous injection combustion system.
Background
Fig. 1 is a typical head structure of a combustion chamber, in which an on-duty nozzle is disposed at the center and a plurality of main nozzles are uniformly arranged in a ring shape outside the on-duty nozzle. The on-duty nozzle adopts a diffusion or premix combustion mode, and a conical flame stabilizing plate is arranged at the downstream of the on-duty nozzle, so that the flame stabilizing performance of the head of the whole combustion chamber is enhanced, and the on-duty nozzle plays the roles of ignition and main flame stabilizing. A plurality of fuel spray pipes are led out from the end cover and respectively deeply enter the areas corresponding to the central axes of the main nozzles, and radial fuel injection devices and swirlers 34 are arranged on the fuel spray pipes to inject fuel and enhance mixing. When the main nozzle adopts the structure device, the equivalence ratio is generally symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the main nozzle, and when the main nozzle is designed, if the equivalence ratio of the nozzle close to the on-duty (as shown in figure 2a), the equivalence ratio of the area close to the wall surface of the flame tube is increased, so that the area of the wall surface of the flame tube is over-heated; if the equivalence ratio close to the on-duty nozzle is low (as shown in fig. 2b), the ignition action of the on-duty nozzle to the main nozzle is not easy to realize, so that the combustion of the main nozzle is insufficient; FIG. 2c is a more desirable equivalence ratio distribution, but this situation often requires enhanced blending by increasing the swirl strength of the nozzle, which causes recirculation zones downstream of the nozzle, resulting in increased NOx emissions.
Fig. 3 is a structure in which the outlet of the main nozzle is circular, which has a problem in that the cooling difficulty is large. FIG. 4 is a fan-shaped structure of the main nozzle outlet, which has a small cooling range and requires a circular fan adapter section at the main nozzle in terms of structural design.
In the prior art, the outlet equivalent of a main nozzle close to the central axis area of a combustion system is low, the combustion performance is poor, the combustion temperature is low, and the main nozzle cannot be ignited towards the outside, so that the flowing combustion close to the wall surface area of a flame tube is insufficient, and the pollutant concentration is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problems that the distribution of the equivalence ratio of a nozzle of the existing combustion system is not reasonable enough, the outward ignition is not easy to realize, the outside combustion is insufficient, and the pollutant concentration is high are solved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a fuel-lean porous injection combustion system comprising: the fuel injection device comprises an on-duty nozzle positioned in the center of a combustion system, a plurality of main nozzles uniformly arranged on the outer side of the on-duty nozzle in an annular mode, and a hood and a flow guide bushing which are arranged on the outer side of the main nozzles, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the main nozzles are all fan-shaped, fuel injection devices are arranged in the main nozzles, and fuel injection holes are formed in the fuel injection devices; and fuel supply channels are arranged on the inner sides or the outer sides of the main nozzles which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode, the fuel supply channels are respectively connected with the fuel injection devices, and at least one fuel spray pipe is connected to each fuel supply channel.
The fuel injection hole comprises a plurality of pairs of small holes distributed on two sides of the fuel injection device along the radial direction of the combustion system, and the diameters of the small holes in each pair are the same; the diameter of the small hole is gradually increased from inside to outside along the radial direction of the combustion system.
The fuel injection device comprises a combustion system, wherein each fuel injection device is provided with N fuel injection holes, the N fuel injection holes are outwards arranged along the radial direction of the combustion system and are sequentially marked as 1 and 2 … … N, N regions controlled by the fuel injection holes are correspondingly arranged, the equivalence ratio of each row of regions controlled by the fuel injection holes is phi, and the equivalence ratio of the regions controlled by the fuel injection holes is 2, 2 … … N1,φ2…φn;
The average equivalence ratio of the main nozzle is
Wherein phi is1Phi ratioaver5 to 15 percent high phinPhi ratioaverThe weight is reduced by 5 to 15 percent; from phi1To phinThe equivalence ratio decreases in steps.
Wherein the plurality of main nozzles comprise at least two layers, each layer comprises a plurality of main nozzles, and the adjacent two layers of main nozzles are arranged in a staggered manner.
Wherein, each layer of main nozzles is provided with a fuel supply channel, and one or more fuel spray pipes are connected to the fuel supply channel.
The two adjacent layers of main nozzles are connected to the same fuel supply channel, and one or more fuel spray pipes are connected to the fuel supply channel.
The fuel supply channels of two adjacent layers of main nozzles are converged through a pipeline and then are connected with a fuel spray pipe, and the fuel spray pipe comprises one or more than one fuel spray pipe.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme has the following advantages: according to the lean fuel multi-hole jet combustion system, the fuel jet pipe of the main nozzle is arranged in the annular area between the on-duty nozzle and the main nozzle, so that a rotational flow area symmetrical along the center of the main nozzle is avoided; the inlet of the main nozzle is fan-shaped and is matched with an annular cavity structure formed by the on-duty nozzle and the hood, so that the arrangement is convenient; the outlet of the main nozzle is arranged in a fan shape, so that the area of a region needing cooling is reduced, and simultaneously, the design of the inlet and outlet adapter sections of the main nozzle is simplified due to the structural consistency of the inlet fan shape; the equivalence ratio of the main nozzles is gradually reduced along the radial direction of the on-duty nozzle, the main nozzle outlet equivalence ratio distribution in stepped distribution is provided, and when the on-duty nozzle has the functions of ignition and flame stabilization, the main nozzles can be ignited layer by layer, so that the combustion performance of the main nozzles is improved; the area of the main nozzle close to the on-duty nozzle has the highest equivalence ratio, so that the on-duty nozzle can conveniently ignite the main nozzle; the area equivalence ratio of the main nozzle close to the wall surface of the flame tube is lowest, the combustion temperature is lowest, and the overtemperature range of the flame tube is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art combustor head configuration;
FIG. 2a is a graph of an equivalence ratio distribution I common to prior art primary nozzles;
FIG. 2b is a graph of equivalence ratio distribution II, common to prior art primary nozzles;
FIG. 2c is a graph of equivalence ratio distribution III, common to prior art primary nozzles;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art primary nozzle outlet configuration I;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art primary nozzle outlet configuration II;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a primary nozzle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic rear view of a primary nozzle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a design equivalence ratio distribution plot for a primary nozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a plot of the true equivalence ratio distribution of the primary nozzle outlet of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7c is a graph of the actual equivalence ratio distribution of the primary nozzle outlet of the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the outlet structure of a main nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a fuel injection hole; 2. a nozzle on duty; 3. a main nozzle; 31. a fuel lance; 32. a fuel supply passage; 33. a fuel injection device; 34. a swirler; 35. a primary nozzle outlet; 4. a hood; 5. a flow guide bushing.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a fuel-lean porous injection combustion system of the present invention includes: the device comprises a duty nozzle 2 positioned in the center of a combustion system, a plurality of main nozzles 3 annularly and uniformly arranged on the outer side of the duty nozzle 2, and a hood 4, a flow guide bushing 5 and a flame tube which are arranged on the outer side of the main nozzles 3; the on-duty nozzle 2 adopts a diffusion or premixed combustion mode, and a conical flame stabilizing plate is arranged at the downstream of the on-duty nozzle 2 and plays the roles of ignition and main flame stabilization; the inlets and outlets of the main nozzles 3 are all fan-shaped and are matched with the annular geometric structures of the inlets and outlets of the main nozzles 3, so that the layout is convenient; a plurality of main nozzles 3 are all provided with fuel injection devices 33, and the fuel injection devices 33 are all provided with fuel injection holes 1; a fuel supply channel 32 is arranged in an annular area between the on-duty nozzle 2 and the main nozzle 3 or between the main nozzle 3 and the hood 4, the fuel supply channel 32 is respectively connected with a plurality of fuel injection devices 33, and at least one fuel spray pipe 31 is connected to the fuel supply channel 32; a fuel nozzle 31 leads from an end cover of the lean fuel multi-hole jet combustion system.
Air flows upstream in a countercurrent manner from an annular area between the hood 4 and the flow guide bush 5, enters the main nozzle 3 through the inlet of the main nozzle 3, is introduced from an end cover of a combustion system, enters the downstream fuel supply channel 32 through the fuel nozzle 31, then flows into the fuel injection device 33 connected with the fuel supply channel 32, is injected through the fuel injection holes 1, is mixed with the air in the main nozzle 3 flowing through the fuel injection device 33, forms mixed gas in the channel of the main nozzle 3, flows out of the main nozzle 3, and is ignited by the pilot nozzle.
The fuel injection hole 1 comprises a plurality of pairs of small holes distributed on two sides of the fuel injection device 33 along the radial direction of the combustion system, and the diameters of the small holes in each pair are the same; the diameter of the small hole is gradually increased from inside to outside along the radial direction of the combustion system.
Preferably, the number of the combustion injection devices is 4-12, the two sides of each fuel injection device 33 along the airflow direction are provided with fuel injection holes 1 with equal diameters, the number of the fuel injection holes 1 on each side is 4-8, and the diameter of each fuel injection hole 1 is 1-2 mm, so that the fuel has high penetration depth when being sprayed out of the combustion injection devices, and is uniformly mixed with air; the number of the fuel spray pipes 31 is set to be 4-8, so that the consistency of fuel airflow is ensured; the number of the fuel spray pipes 31 is consistent with that of the main nozzles 3, so that the consistency of the fuel airflow direction is ensured; the fuel supply channel 32 is arranged at the same axial position as the fuel injector 33.
The equivalence ratio of an annular cavity in which each row of fuel injection holes 1 are positioned is adjusted by controlling the aperture of the fuel injection holes 1 on a main nozzle 3 of the lean fuel multi-hole injection combustion system; the equivalence ratio of the main nozzle 3 is gradually reduced along the radial direction of the combustion system; the specific process is as follows:
the main nozzle 3 is provided with N fuel injection holes 1 on each fuel injection device 33, the N fuel injection holes 1 are outward along the radial direction of the combustion system and are sequentially marked as 1 and 2 … … N, areas 1 and 2 … … N controlled by the N fuel injection holes 1 exist correspondingly,
wherein the ith fuel injection hole 1 has a diameter ofArea ofA flow coefficient ofA density ofFuel injection velocity ofThe corresponding fuel injection hole 1 controls the air flow area of the area i to beA flow coefficient ofA density ofFuel injection velocity ofThe equivalence ratio of the 1 st fuel injection orifice control region is
Wherein,(F/A)stoicbeing the stoichiometric gas-oil ratio of the fuel, the value being constant for a fuel of fixed composition, e.g. CH4 (F/A)stoic0.58. When the fuel property and the main nozzle 3 are fixed, the equivalence ratio of the control area of each row of fuel injection holes 1 can be controlled by controlling the area (diameter) of the fuel injection holes 1, and the equivalence ratio of the control area of each row of fuel injection holes 1 is phi1,φ2…φn;
The main nozzle 3 has an average equivalence ratio of
Wherein phi is1Phi ratioaver5 to 15 percent high phinPhi ratioaver5 to 15 percent lower and is from phi1To phinAnd the equivalence ratio is gradually reduced in a step-by-step manner, and finally the total average equivalence ratio is ensured to be unchanged. FIG. 7a shows the designed equivalence ratio distribution, and FIGS. 7b and 7c show the equivalence ratio distribution at the outlet 35 of the real main nozzle 3, since the fuels are mixed and diffused in the premixing passage of the main nozzle 3.
In the prior art, the equivalent ratio of the outlet 35 of the main nozzle 3 is lower in the area close to the central axis of the combustion system, the combustion performance is poor, the combustion temperature is low, and outside fuel cannot be ignited outwards, so that the flowing combustion in the area close to the wall surface of the flame tube is insufficient, and the pollutant concentration is higher.
In the invention, the equivalent ratio of 35 outlets of the main nozzles 3 is distributed in a rainbow shape, namely the main nozzles 3 are divided into N layers, the equivalent ratio of each layer is gradually reduced, in the specific work, the on-duty nozzle 2 is firstly ignited (by other external equipment such as an igniter), then the on-duty nozzle 2 ignites the main nozzles 3 layer by layer, the equivalent ratio of the area of the main nozzle 3 close to the on-duty nozzle 2 is the highest, and the on-duty nozzle 2 is convenient to ignite the main nozzles 3; the equivalence ratio of the main nozzle 3 is gradually reduced, so that an inner fuel quantity close to an ignition point is ensured not to have a low region which is difficult to ignite, each layer of fuel of the main nozzle 3 can be ignited and stably combusted, the combustion is sufficient, the combustion efficiency of the main nozzle 3 is improved, and the pollutant concentration is obviously reduced.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that: the main nozzles 3 comprise at least two layers, each layer comprises a plurality of main nozzles 3 distributed annularly, and the outlets of the adjacent two layers of main nozzles 3 are arranged in a staggered mode (as shown in FIG. 8). Each layer of main nozzles 3 is provided with a fuel supply channel 32, one or more fuel spray pipes 31 are connected to the fuel supply channel 32, when the total size of the combustion system is larger, the layout mode can be adopted, and the condition that the main nozzles 3 are too large in size and are not beneficial to processing and installation is avoided.
Example three:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that: two adjacent layers of main nozzles 3 are connected to the same fuel supply channel 32 through pipelines, one or more fuel spray pipes 31 are connected to the fuel supply channel 32, and the layout mode can effectively solve the problem of insufficient space between the main nozzles and reduce the structural complexity.
Example four:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that: the fuel supply channels 32 of the two adjacent layers of main nozzles 3 are converged by a pipeline and then connected with the fuel spray pipe 31, the fuel spray pipe 31 comprises one or more than one fuel spray pipe, the number of layers of the fuel spray pipe 31 can be reduced by the layout mode, and inconvenience caused by the excessive fuel spray pipes 31 in installation is avoided.
According to the embodiment, the main nozzles 3 are arranged around the on-duty nozzle 2, the main nozzles 3 are divided into N layers, the equivalence ratio of each layer is gradually reduced, the on-duty nozzle 2 ignites the main nozzles 3 layer by layer, stable combustion of fuel in each layer of the main nozzles 3 is guaranteed, the combustion is sufficient, and the pollutant concentration is remarkably reduced; the fuel spray pipe 31 of the main nozzle 3 is arranged in an annular area between the on-duty nozzle 2 and the main nozzle 3, so that a rotational flow area symmetrical along the center of the main nozzle is avoided; the inlet of the main nozzle 3 is fan-shaped and is matched with an annular cavity structure formed by the on-duty nozzle 2 and the hood 4, so that the arrangement is convenient; the outlet 35 of the main nozzle 3 is arranged in a fan shape, so that the area of a region needing cooling is reduced, and simultaneously, due to the structural consistency of the inlet fan shape, the design of the inlet and outlet adapter sections of the main nozzle 3 is simplified; the equivalence ratio of the main nozzle 3 is gradually reduced along the radial direction of the on-duty nozzle 2, the outlet 35 equivalence ratio distribution of the main nozzle 3 in stepped distribution is provided, when the on-duty nozzle 2 has the functions of ignition and flame stabilization, the main nozzle 3 can be ignited layer by layer, and the combustion performance of the main nozzle 3 is improved; the equivalence ratio of the area of the main nozzle 3 close to the on-duty nozzle 2 is highest, so that the on-duty nozzle 2 can conveniently ignite the main nozzle 3; the area equivalence ratio of the main nozzle 3 close to the wall surface of the flame tube is the lowest, the combustion temperature is the lowest, and the overtemperature range of the flame tube is reduced.
The invention effectively solves the problems of structural layout and cooling design in the prior art; the equivalence ratio distribution curve is changed, the range of the super-temperature area of the flame tube is reduced, and the combustion performance of the main nozzle 3 is enhanced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.