CN113272375A - 全氟弹性体组合物、交联全氟弹性体及成型品 - Google Patents
全氟弹性体组合物、交联全氟弹性体及成型品 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 125000006551 perfluoro alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含全氟弹性体的组合物、交联全氟弹性体、以及由交联全氟弹性体得到的成型体。
背景技术
水蒸汽在各种产业中在发电等各种用途中使用。橡胶O型圈等密封材料用于供这些水蒸汽流动的配管或装置,发挥防止水蒸汽向外部流出的作用。
近年来,在发电厂中,为了提高发电效率,存在比以往提高水蒸汽的温度的倾向,伴随于此,对密封材料也要求高温水蒸汽性。
特别地,在地热发电、高温岩体发电等的发电厂、油田等地下深的部位使用的密封材料,被暴露在密封对象气体的压力急剧释放时的急减压环境中。在该情况下,在高压气体环境中溶解于密封材料的气体在减压时立刻膨胀,密封材料中产生龟裂。
作为适合于耐热性、耐蒸汽性、耐急减压性的密封材料,使用交联全氟弹性体制的密封材料。作为交联全氟弹性体的交联剂,已知有各种交联剂,例如,通常已知有三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)(参照专利文献1等)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2010/099057号
发明内容
但是,在以TAIC为代表的通常的交联结构中,使用极限为200℃多,不能耐受在其以上的温度带的高温蒸汽气氛下的使用,因此,存在上述的地热发电或高温岩体发电等的发电厂、油田等在地下深的部位难以在200℃以上的高温高压蒸汽气氛下使用的问题。
本发明是鉴于上述课题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种耐热性、耐蒸汽性及耐急减压性优异的交联全氟弹性体及用于得到该交联全氟弹性体的组合物。
根据本发明,提供以下的组合物、交联全氟弹性体及成型体。
1.一种组合物,其中,包含:全氟弹性体、相对于所述全氟弹性体100重量份为55~75重量份的炭黑、以及下述式(1)所表示的交联剂。
(式(1)中,A为单键、-O-、亚烷基、或氟化亚烷基。R1、R2、R3各自独立地为氢原子、氟原子、烷基、或氟化烷基。其中,R1、R2、R3中的至少1个为氟原子或氟化烷基。)
2.根据1所述的组合物,其中,A为单键、亚烷基或氟化亚烷基。
3.一种交联全氟弹性体,其中,将1或2所述的组合物交联而得到。
4.一种成型品,其中,由3所述的交联全氟弹性体构成。
5.根据4所述的成型品,其中,所述成型品为O型圈。
根据本发明,能够提供一种耐热性、耐蒸汽性及耐急减压性优异的交联全氟弹性体及用于得到该交联全氟弹性体的组合物。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的一个实施方式进行说明。需要说明的是,本发明不限于本实施方式。
本发明的组合物包含全氟弹性体、交联剂和炭黑。
本发明中,作为交联剂,使用下述式(1)所表示的化合物。
上述式(1)中,A为单键、-O-、亚烷基、或氟化亚烷基。优选为单键、亚烷基、或氟化亚烷基,更优选为氟化亚烷基。
亚烷基或氟化亚烷基的亚烷基可以为直链或支链,碳原子数优选为1~15(更优选为碳原子数2~8、进一步优选为碳原子数3~6)。
氟化亚烷基的亚烷基可以被部分或全部氟化。优选为全氟亚烷基。
作为所述亚烷基,可以例示亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基、亚己基、亚庚基等。
上述式(1)中,R1、R2、R3各自独立地为氢原子、氟原子、烷基、或氟化烷基。其中,R1、R2、R3中的至少1个为氟原子或氟化烷基。
烷基或氟化烷基的烷基可以为直链或支链,碳原子数优选为1~15(更优选为碳原子数1~6、进一步优选为碳原子数1~4)。
氟化烷基可以烷基的一部分或全部被氟化。优选为全氟烷基。
作为所述烷基,可以例示甲基、乙基、丙基等。
R1、R2、R3优选分别独立地为氢原子或氟原子。
作为-CR1=CR2R3可以例示以下的基团。
上述式(1)中,A与-CR1=CR2R3可以为邻位、间位或对位中的任一种,优选为对位,更优选A与2个-CR1=CR2R3均为对位。
作为上述式(1)所表示的化合物的具体例子,可以举出下述式(2)~(4)所表示的化合物。
上述式中,R1、R2、R3与上述相同。t优选为1~15(更优选为2~8、进一步优选为3~6)。
作为上述式(1)所表示的化合物的具体例子,可以举出如下的化合物。需要说明的是,该化合物例如可以通过参照WO2016/017187来合成。
交联剂的添加量相对于全氟弹性体100重量份优选为2~10重量份,更优选为5~8重量份。添加量越多,则有耐蒸汽性、耐热性越得到改善的倾向。但是,如果过多,则有可能变硬。
关于全氟弹性体,例如可以例示源自以下的单体的重复单元。可以包含源自1种或2种以上的单体的重复单元。
CF2=CF2(四氟乙烯)、
CF2=CFCF3(六氟丙烯)
本发明中使用的全氟弹性体作为交联(固化)时的自由基的攻击部位,优选包含碘和/或溴,更优选包含碘。通过过氧化物可固化的全氟弹性体,例如记载于日本特开2006-9010等。
全氟弹性体通常包含相对于全部聚合物重量为0.001重量%~5重量%、优选为0.01重量%~2.5重量%的碘。碘原子可以沿着链存在和/或存在于末端位。
全氟弹性体优选由在末端位具有乙烯型的1个不饱和的全氟化烯烃等共聚物制造。
作为共聚单体,可以例示以下单体。
·CF2=CFOR2f全氟烷基乙烯基醚类(PAVE)
(式中,R2f为碳原子数为1~6的全氟烷基,例如三氟甲基或五氟丙基。)
·CF2=CFOXo全氟氧烷基乙烯基醚类
(式中,Xo为含有1个以上的醚基的碳原子数为1~12的全氟氧烷基,例如全氟-2-丙氧基丙基。)
·CFX2=CX2OCF2OR”f(I-B)
(式中,R”f为碳原子数2~6的直链或支链全氟烷基、碳原子数5、6的环状全氟烷基、或者含有1~3个氧原子的碳原子数2~6的直链或支链全氟氧烷基,X2为F。)
式(I-B)的全氟乙烯基醚类优选由下式表示。
CFX2=CX2OCF2OCF2CF2Y (II-B)
(式中,Y为F或OCF3,X2如上述所定义。)
更优选下述式的全氟乙烯基醚类。
CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF3 (MOVE1)
CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF2OCF3 (MOVE2)
作为优选的单体组合物,可以例示以下组合物。
四氟乙烯(TFE)50~85摩尔%、PAVE 15~50摩尔%;
TFE 50~85摩尔%、MOVE 15~50摩尔%。
全氟弹性体也可以包含源自偏氟乙烯的单元、可以含有碘和/或溴的碳原子数为3~8的氟烯烃类。
在本发明中,作为填充剂包含炭黑。炭黑的平均粒径优选为100nm以上,更优选为250nm以上。组合物包含每100重量份全氟弹性体为55~75重量份、优选为58~72重量份、更优选为60~70重量份的炭黑。通过使用上述式(1)所表示的交联剂,并且含有规定量的炭黑,耐急减压性变好。
本发明的组合物可以含有交联引发剂。交联引发剂可以使用通常使用的引发剂。例如,可以例示过氧化物、偶氮化合物等。
交联引发剂相对于100g全氟弹性体优选为0.3~35mmol,更优选为1~15mmol,进一步优选为1.5~10mmol。添加量越多,则有耐蒸汽性、耐热性越得到改善的倾向。但是,如果过多,则有可能烧焦或发泡。
本发明的组合物可以含有增塑剂。作为增塑剂,可以举出全氟聚醚等氟系增塑剂。增塑剂相对于全氟弹性体100重量份优选添加1~9重量份、更优选添加1~5重量份。如果含有增塑剂,则制造性变好。
上述组合物也可以含有交联辅助剂。
作为交联辅助剂,可以举出氧化锌、活性氧化铝、氧化镁、季铵盐、季鏻盐、胺等。通过含有交联辅助剂,能够提高交联效率、耐热性。相对于全氟弹性体100重量份,通常添加0.1~10重量份的交联辅助剂。
上述全氟弹性体组合物中可以配合炭黑以外的填充剂。填充剂只要不损害本发明的效果,就可以使用作为弹性体的填充剂通常已知的填充剂。例如,可以举出二氧化硅、硫酸钡、二氧化钛、半晶质氟聚合物、全氟聚合物等。
此外,根据需要,还可以适量配合增粘剂、颜料、偶联剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂等。
本发明的组合物可以本质上由全氟弹性体、交联剂和炭黑构成,或者也可以仅由它们构成。本质上是指这些成分占组合物的85重量%以上、90重量%以上、95重量%以上、或98重量%以上。
使本发明的组合物交联,得到交联全氟弹性体。
在一阶段加热的情况下,交联条件优选在100~250℃下加热10分钟~5小时。
在二阶段加热的情况下,通常,作为一次交联,在模具中加入原料一边进行冲压加工一边进行交联。1次交联例如在150~200℃下加热5~60分钟。然后,从模具中取出,进行2次交联。2次交联例如在150~350℃下加热1~100小时。交联可以使用电炉等进行。通过以2次交联赋予热历程,能够防止使用中的变形等。
交联可以在惰性气体气氛或大气中进行。
作为惰性气体,可以使用氮气、氦气、氩气等,优选氮气。在惰性气体气氛下,氧浓度优选为10ppm以下,更优选为5ppm以下。
通过上述制法得到的交联全氟弹性体可以作为密封材料使用,可以制成垫圈或密封环等成型体使用。
实施例
实施例1
将100重量份的全氟弹性体(PFE40Z、3M公司(株))、7重量份的式(1)的化合物(R1、R2、R3为氟、A为-(CF2)6)(交联剂)、65重量份的炭黑(MT)(Thermax N990、cancarb(株))、3重量份的氟系增塑剂(Krytox VPF16256、Chemours Company)、2重量份的作为交联引发剂的有机化氧化物(Perhexa 25B、日本油脂(株))混合,制备组合物。需要说明的是,交联剂参照WO2016/017187进行合成。
使上述组合物交联,制造由交联氟弹性体构成的尺寸不同的2种O型圈(外径约25.90mm、内径约15.24mm、及外径约32.06mm、内径约25.00mm)(成型体)。关于交联条件,1次交联在170℃下设定为40分钟,2次交联在氮气氛下设定为310℃、4小时。
对得到的成型体进行以下的评价。将结果示于表1。
(1)耐急减压(耐RGD)性
试验按照NORSOK标准实施。将O型圈放置于在内部具有容纳O型圈的槽的夹具上,以使压缩率为15%(常温),并且O型圈相对于槽容积的填充率为80%,将该夹具封入压力容器。在100℃、300℃下将压力容器内的压力提高至15MPa,初次保持68小时,然后以2MPa/min的减压速度急速减压至大气压,在该状态下保持1小时。反复进行该升压和减压的循环,在第二次以后,将压力容器内的压力提高至15MPa后的保持时间交替地变更为6小时、12小时,反复进行8次。试验后,在4处切断O型圈,观察截面。在100℃及300℃的试验中分别使用2个O型圈。
测定存在于该切断面的龟裂的个数、长度,以表2所示的基准评价耐急减压性。表2的线径为试验前的O型圈的线径(初始线径)。分数0~3设定为可以,4、5设定为不好。
(2)耐热性
将得到的O型圈,在两张平板上使用间隔件以压缩25%的方式用螺栓紧固以准备紧固件,将该紧固件在齿轮烘箱中以规定的条件(在大气环境下为200、250、300℃×72小时)进行热曝露。然后,从齿轮烘箱中取出,在紧固件热的时候释放O型圈,放冷至常温后,测定线径,用以下的式子算出压缩永久变形(单位:%)。将该压缩永久变形作为耐热性。
压缩永久变形=(初始线径-热曝露后线径)/(初始线径-间隔件厚度)×100
(3)耐蒸汽性
使用具有使O型圈的压缩率成为25%的槽和在其内侧放入水的空间的压力容器,在槽中放入O型圈,在空间中放入水并用螺栓进行紧固。将容器以规定的条件(250℃、300℃×72小时)保持在齿轮烘箱中,将水作为饱和蒸汽。然后,从齿轮烘箱中取出,放置冷却至常温后,释放O型圈。
接着,将进行了上述处理的O型圈利用两张平板并利用间隔件压缩,以成为与槽深度相同的压缩率,用螺栓紧固,将紧固件以规定的条件(250、300℃×1小时)进行热曝露,从齿轮烘箱中取出,在紧固件热的时候释放O型圈,放冷至常温后,测定线径,由以下的式子算出压缩永久变形(单位:%)。将该试验结果作为耐蒸汽性。压缩永久变形越小,则耐蒸汽性越高。
压缩永久变形=(初始线径-热曝露后线径)/(初始线径-槽深度)×100
比较例1
除了将炭黑(MT)的配合量变更为50重量份以外,与实施例1同样地制作2种O型圈。将结果示于表1。
比较例2
除了将交联剂变更为三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)以外,与实施例1同样地制作2种O型圈。将结果示于表1。
比较例3
除了将炭黑(MT)的配合量变更为80重量份以外,与实施例1同样地尝试制作O型圈,但成型性存在问题。
耐急减压性的试验在100℃及300℃的各温度下使用2个O型圈实施。关于耐急减压性,比较例1和2均比实施例1差。此外,关于比较例2,300℃72小时的耐蒸汽性的试验结果也与实施例1相比变差。
[表1]
[表2]
产业上的利用可能性
本发明的交联氟弹性体可以用作地热发电、高温岩体发电等的发电厂、油田、压缩机、高压阀所使用的O型圈等密封材料的材料。
以上对本发明的一些实施方式和/或实施例进行了详细地说明,但本领域技术人员实质上不脱离本发明的新的教导及效果,容易对这些例示的实施方式和/或实施例施加许多变更。因此,这些许多变更包含在本发明的范围内。
在本说明书中记载的文献、以及作为本申请的巴黎条约的优先权的基础的申请内容全部被引用。
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