CN113019459B - 一种二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料的合成及其在光催化分解水产氢中的应用。在缓解能源危机,开发可持续的清洁能源作为化石燃料的替代品方面有一定的助益。TiO2作为光催化剂具有无毒、价格低廉易得、氧化还原电位合适、高抗光腐蚀性、优异的化学稳定性等特点。共价有机框架材料是以共价键相连的一类具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、高结晶度的结构多样性多孔材料,具有可设计性、易功能化的特点。本发明利用后修饰策略将无机半导体TiO2和具有大的π共轭体系、优异的化学稳定性的COFs相结合,形成复合催化剂,用于光催化分解水反应中,具有创新性的意义。在光催化领域具有较大的研究和应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备领域,具体是提出一种用于光催化分解水产氢的二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料。
背景技术
随着工业的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高,人类面临的能源需求和环境污染等问题日益严峻,所以,开发可持续的清洁能源作为化石燃料的替代品是人类面对的新的挑战。在各种可再生能源中,氢能因其环保和高能量密度的优势被认为是化石能源的替代品,光催化水分解反应被认为是获得氢能的最佳途径之一。因此,研究可以通过收集取之不尽、用之不竭的太阳光能量来有效分解水的光催化剂是实现以上可持续清洁能源开发的关键所在。作为合适的光催化剂,其应该具有稳定的化学结构,优异的吸光能力,高效的电子传输效率等特点。
自1972年AKIRA等人第一次将二氧化钛作为光催化剂报道以来,TiO2就以其无毒、价格低廉易得、合适的氧化还原电位、高的抗光腐蚀性、优异的化学稳定性等特点,得到了研究者们的青睐。然而,TiO2的宽带隙(3.0~3.2eV),只能吸收紫外光(λ<380nm),对占太阳能总能量的43%的可见光区域几乎无响应的特点限制了纯TiO2材料在光催化反应中的应用,同时,缓慢的电子转移和快速的载流子复合效率也阻碍了其发展的进程。
共价有机框架材料是以共价键相连的一类具有周期性和结晶性的有机多孔聚合物。由于其具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、有序的孔道结构、结晶性好、单元结构可设计性等特点, 成为了近年来研究的热点。
研究将无机半导体TiO2和具有大的π共轭体系、好的化学稳定性的COFs相结合,形成异质结催化剂,制备复合材料用于光催化反应中,生产无污染的清洁能源氢气,这对环境能源发展具有深远的意义。
发明内容
本发明提出一种无机半导体TiO2和具有大的π共轭体系、好的化学稳定性的卟啉基共价有机框架材料复合的用于光催化分解水产氢的催化剂。目的在于克服无机半导体TiO2在光催化应用中只能吸收紫外光的局限性,为光催化技术领域的发展探索了一条新的道路。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料——TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu,其利用5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉铜和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛通过席夫碱缩合反应合成共价有机框架TTD-COF-Cu,再通过原位生长TiO2得到TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu,得到的复合材料呈现出光催化活性。
所述的TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu的制备方法:
(1)在苯甲醇、正丁醇和醋酸的体系中分别加入5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉铜和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛,从室温升温至120℃,保温3-7天,通过溶剂热法得到卟啉基共价有机框架TTD-COF-Cu;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的TTD-COF-Cu加入到无水乙醇和水体积比40:1的混合溶剂中,再缓慢滴加四正丁醇钛并搅拌,然后置于水热釜中反应,经乙醇溶剂离心洗涤,收集沉淀物并在真空干燥箱中干燥过夜,得到二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu。
进一步地,步骤(1)的苯甲醇、正丁醇和醋酸的体系中所使用的苯甲醇和正丁醇体积比例为12:1,醋酸的浓度为6mol/L。
进一步地,步骤(2所述)水热釜中原位生长二氧化钛的反应温度为120℃,反应时间为24h。
进一步地,所述四正丁醇钛中Ti与 TTD-COF-Cu的质量比为1:2。
本发明的有益效果在于
1)本发明通过使用5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉铜和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛二甲醛合成一种新型共价有机框架材料,再与无机半导体TiO2结合制备新型光催化剂。卟啉铜由于其π共轭体系大,可见光吸收强,热稳定性高而成为一种优秀的光敏剂,TTD-COF-Cu其作为一种有机半导体,具有合适的能级,在光催化反应中可以使光生电子从TTD-COF-Cu的LUMO转移到TiO2的导带上,从而可以有效提高复合材料的光催化活性。在光催化分解水产氢反应中提高可见光的利用率。
2)本发明中所用到的设备和化学试剂易得,工艺操作简便,工艺条件简单,工业应用价值高,易于推广利用。卟啉中的金属不仅限于Cu,也适用于Zn、Ni等。同时本发明中的噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛醛基单体是在经过和常用的对苯二甲醛单体制备的催化材料进行性能对比后优选出来的。与对苯二甲醛相比,噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛因含有硫原子能够与TiO2产生更强的结合力,并且噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩基团具有更强的给电子能力,在光激下,光生电子能更加有效地传输到TiO2导带中,有效推动催化反应的进行。
附图说明
图1是TTD-COF-Cu的合成示意图;
图2是TTD-COF-Cu和TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu的X射线粉末衍射图,XRD特征峰证明了二者的成功合成;
图3是TTD-COF-Cu和TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu的傅里叶变换红外光谱图,C=N键和TiO2吸收峰证明了二者的成功合成;
图4是TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu的SEM图,可观察到TiO2和TTD-COF-Cu的形貌;
图5是TTD-COF-Cu的紫外可见吸收光图谱,分析得到复合材料的可利用波长范围为420~684nm;
图6是TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu在可见光条件下光催化分解水产氢气的产量随时间变化图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优势更加清楚明白便于理解,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。可以理解,此处所描述的具体实施仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
将5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉铜(14.8mg,0.02 mmol)和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛(8mg,0.04mmol)置于Pyrex管中(体积约5 mL,长20 cm,直径1 cm),加入0.925mL苯甲醇和0.077mL正丁醇超声处理1分钟,使其分散均匀,然后加入 0.2 mL的6 M醋酸。然后把Pyrex管在液氮中冷冻解冻,抽真空三次,使其内部压力为0 mbar并进行火焰密封。然后将Pyrex管置于120 ℃的烘箱中反应7天。用四氢呋喃、丙酮洗涤三次,抽滤收集产物,将收集的紫色粉末在70℃真空干燥过夜。
称取20mg TTD-COF-Cu,加入装有20mL无水乙醇的烧杯中,继续向烧杯中依次缓慢滴加43μL四正丁醇钛,0.5mL水,期间不断搅拌。然后将混合液转移到50mL聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,将水热釜置于120℃的烘箱中反应24小时。用乙醇离心洗涤三次,收集沉淀物,将其在70℃真空干燥过夜。得到二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料——TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu。
实施例2
称取10 mg TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu,加入500mg抗坏血酸钠和3wt% Pt,加入50mL水,超声5分钟后将其投入特制的石英玻璃反应器。反应器抽真空后,在303~323 K下用300 W氙灯模拟可见光(λ ≥420nm)照射,在光催化反应过程中,每间隔1小时用气相色谱检测光催化反应后的气体成分,如图6所示,纯TiO2的产率为303(μmol/g)/h,纯TTD-COF-Cu和将二者同比例物理混合后的材料无催化活性然而复合材料TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu的H2产率可达到656.5(μmol/g)/h。因此可以说明本发明中复合材料可有效提高光催化活性。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应该被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)在苯甲醇、正丁醇和醋酸的体系中分别加入5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉铜和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2,5-二甲醛,从室温升温至120℃,保温3-7天,通过溶剂热法得到卟啉基共价有机框架TTD-COF-Cu;
(2)将步骤(1)所得的TTD-COF-Cu加入到无水乙醇和水体积比40:1的混合溶剂中,再缓慢滴加四正丁醇钛并搅拌,然后置于水热釜中反应,经乙醇溶剂离心洗涤,收集沉淀物并在真空干燥箱中干燥过夜,得到二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料TiO2/TTD-COF-Cu。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)的苯甲醇、正丁醇和醋酸的体系中所使用的苯甲醇和正丁醇体积比例为12:1,醋酸的浓度为6mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述四正丁醇钛中Ti与 TTD-COF-Cu的质量比为1:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述水热釜中原位生长二氧化钛的反应温度为120℃,反应时间为24h。
5.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述的制备方法制得的二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料。
6.一种如权利要求5所述二氧化钛卟啉基共价有机框架复合材料在光催化分解水产氢中的应用。
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