CN112772313A - Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of field intercropping methods, and particularly relates to an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by broadcasting and intercropping konjak and selfheal. The method comprises the steps of stretching and opening the furrow for planting according to the length of 100-150cm, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the furrow surface width is 100-120cm, the furrow height is 20-50cm, the furrow surfaces are well arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the strip-furrow transplantation is carried out, 2-5 lines are planted on each furrow surface, the line spacing is 20-50cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 10-30cm, 1 konjak is planted every 2-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 20-50 cm. The intercropping method provided by the invention can protect the growth environment of the konjak planting field, reduce soil pollution, improve the acre output value and increase benefits; the profit can be increased by 7.3 percent compared with the pure konjak.

Description

Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of field intercropping, and particularly relates to an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by broadcasting and intercropping konjak and selfheal.

Background

The intercropping means a planting mode of planting two or more than two crops in the same field in the same growing period in rows or zones at intervals. The intercropping can improve the land utilization rate, and the crop compound group formed by the intercropping can intercept and absorb sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy; the two crops can also produce complementary action when intercropping, and the intercropping effect is improved by reasonably matching the crops with different plant types and slightly different growth periods and arranging planting row spacing with different widths in the field.

Konjak, also known as konnyaku and stemona, is a generic name of konjak of Araceae. Mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, etc. The konjak is beneficial alkaline food, and can balance the acid and alkali of the food when matched with the konjak for people eating too many animal acidic foods. In addition, the konjak also has the functions of reducing blood sugar level, reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure, dispelling toxin, beautifying, dredging collaterals, losing weight, relaxing bowels, stimulating appetite and the like. The glucomannan with the largest content in the konjak has strong expansibility, has viscosity higher than that of any vegetable gum, can fill intestines and stomachs to eliminate hunger sensation, and can control weight because the contained heat is very little, thereby achieving the aims of losing weight and building body.

The amorphophallus bulbifer is a plant of the genus amorphophallus of the family Araceae. Tuber is nearly spherical, diameter is 5-8cm, dense fleshy root and fibrous branch fibrous root. The length of the petiole can reach 1 meter, and the thickness is 1.5-3 cm. The leaves are green, the back is light green, 3 cracks, and 1 bulbil is arranged at the top of the petiole. The length of the inflorescence stem is 25-30cm, and the thickness is 0.5-1.5 cm. The ovary is oblate, the stigma has no handle, and the ovary is wide disc-shaped. The flowering period is 5 months. The bulbil konjak is a wild domesticated species with a unique breeding mode, originates from tropical rain forest, is suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity environment in summer, and is mainly distributed in wide areas with north latitude of 19 degrees to 26 degrees and east longitude of 92 degrees to 100 degrees. Compared with amorphophallus konjac and konjac, the amorphophallus bulbifer has the characteristics of high propagation coefficient, short growth cycle, strong disease resistance, high-temperature and high-humidity climate resistance and high glucomannan content.

The wild amorphophallus bulbifer soft rot and southern blight rarely occur, and the wild amorphophallus bulbifer soft rot and southern blight grow in tropical rainforests with high temperature and high humidity, so that the wild amorphophallus bulbifer has the characteristics of being water-loving, fertilizer-loving, waterlogging-proof and high-temperature-resistant. In summer, which is a high-incidence period of soft rot, the amorphophallus konjac and the white konjac do not resist high temperature and are easy to generate soft rot under the high-temperature condition in summer, and the bulbil konjac resists high temperature, so that the aerial corms are always in the high-temperature illumination environment, and the disease resistance is greatly improved.

The glucomannan content of the bulbil konjak is higher than that of the white konjak and the flower konjak. The current reported konjak intercropping plants mainly comprise corn, rubber, kiwi fruit, navel orange, mulching film cowpea, mulching film kidney bean, walnut, forest tree, potato, mulberry, pear and apple tree. The bulbil konjak has wide suitable planting range and can be planted with other crops in a intercropping way. The amorphophallus bulbifer is resistant to high temperature and high humidity, is suitable for being planted in 1400m area with elevation of 500 plus materials, requires proper shading in the growth period of the amorphophallus bulbifer, is most suitable for shading of 40-60%, can be subjected to intercropping with young rubber, forest fruits, corns, sugarcanes, bananas and other high-stalk crops to form a three-dimensional planting mode with the upper high-stalk crops and the forest fruit trees and the lower konjac, meets the requirement of amorphophallus bulbifer on delight from the shade, saves land, and improves the utilization rate and the yield of unit land.

Selfheal, another name: spica Prunellae, herba Ajugae, radix Phyllanthi, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, and NINGDONG; is a perennial herb, creeping rhizome and root. The stem is as high as 30cm, the base is multi-branched and is light purple. The calyx is bell-shaped, the filaments are slightly flat, the flower column is fine, the tip is split into a diamond shape, and the flower column is bent outwards. The flower disc is nearly flat. The little nut is yellow brown, the flowering period is 4-6 months, and the fruit period is 7-10 months. Prunellae Spica is fond of warm and humid environment. Cold resistance and strong adaptability, but the sandy loam with sufficient sunlight and good drainage is good. Can also be planted on dry slopes, mountain feet, forest edge grasslands, roadside and fields, but is not suitable for cultivation in low-dust and waterlogging areas.

The selfheal grows in the mountain ditch water wet land or the wet grass, wasteland and roadside on both sides of the river bank; has strong adaptability and few plant diseases and insect pests in the whole growth process. Has the effects of clearing fire and improving eyesight, and can be used for treating conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, headache, etc.

The current reported konjak intercropping plants mainly comprise corn, rubber, apple trees, walnuts, cowpeas, mulberry trees, navel oranges, kiwi fruits and forest trees. At present, the main reported selfheal intercropping plants include papaw and eucommia ulmoides.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal. The method can produce better ecological benefit and economic benefit.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of stretching and opening the soil moisture for planting according to the length of 100-50 cm, the furrow width is 30-50cm, the soil moisture surface width is 100-120cm, the soil moisture height is 20-50cm, the soil moisture surfaces are well arranged, the operation is carried out on the soil moisture surfaces, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strips and furrows, 2-5 lines are planted on each soil moisture surface, the line spacing is 20-50cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 10-30cm, 1 konjak is planted every 2-5 lines, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 20-50 cm.

Preferably, the ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest air temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer;

(2) seed stem selection: selecting a single konjak seed with the weight of 0.01-0.2kg, tedding for 1-2 days, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out thin furrow soil on the planting land blocks at the bottom of 2 months or at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1-2m, the ridge height of 20-30cm and the furrow width of 20-50 cm; fertilizing;

(4) cultivation: sowing the konjak and the selfheal in spring to clear sections, planting the konjak and the selfheal in a mode of stretching by 100-plus-150 cm for opening the moisture in soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the moisture surface width is 100-plus-120 cm, the moisture height is 20-50cm, the moisture surface is well prepared, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, transplanting is carried out in the form of strip furrows, 2-5 rows are planted on each moisture surface, the row spacing is 20-50cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 10-30cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 2-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 20-50 cm;

(5) and (6) topdressing.

Preferably, in the step (1), the planting place is preferably cultivated in a half-shady, warm and humid land;

preferably, in the step (1), the planting field is selected from gentle slopes and inter-mountain valley fields which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination condition and free of strong illumination, and the sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose and fertile, contains rich organic matters and humus, is acidic in nature and is easy to drain is the best.

Preferably, in the step (2), the variety of the konjac seeds is Jindi No. 1.

Preferably, in the step (2), the konjak is selected from fine seeds with the appearance form of round or oval corms, small and shallow bud pits, full corms, thick and strong terminal buds, no diseases or injuries, bright red terminal buds and single weight of 0.01-0.2 kg.

Preferably, in the step (3), the fertilizer application is mainly carried out by using an organic fertilizer and is assisted by using a high-potassium compound fertilizer, and base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are applied again.

Preferably, in the step (3), 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers.

Preferably, in the step (5), the additional fertilizer is: topdressing is carried out on the konjak twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the last 6-month ten days of the first topdressing; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time; topdressing the selfheal twice, namely spreading 5-10 jin/mu of urea at the tillering stage before and after 3 middle days of the month for the first time, and spreading 10-15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer at the late stage before and after 5 middle days of the month for the second time.

Preferably, in the step (4), the konjak and the selfheal are sown from spring equinox to clear, the furrow is opened for planting according to the stretching of 150cm, the width of the furrow is 30cm, the width of the furrow surface is 120cm, the height of the furrow is 30cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strip furrows, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, the row spacing is 30cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 15cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3 rows, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 45 cm.

Preferably, pest control can be performed according to the growth conditions of the planted plants. Wherein, the disease of the konjak mainly comprises soft rot and southern blight, and the disease is prevented by mixing the TioUJING with the konjak spirit and watering to irrigate roots or spraying on leaf surfaces. In 7-8 months, rainwater is more, which is the peak period of konjak disease, and in the period, the water is drained by dredging ditches, so that the water way is ensured to be smooth, and meanwhile, the diseased plants are removed and disinfected.

The pest and disease control method of the selfheal comprises the following steps:

(1) mosaic virus disease: malformed leaves and short plants, uneven thickness of diseased leaves, uneven color and shade of the leaves and malformed and shrunken plants; spraying 500 times of 20% Junduqing wettable powder, 1.5% carbendazim emulsion and 400 times of 20% moroxydine hydrochloride wettable powder at the initial stage of disease attack once every 10 days for 2-3 times.

(2) Leaf scorch: the red spots appear on the leaves in the early stage and gradually expand, and finally the leaves are all scorched and shed. The 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times liquid and the 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid are sprayed for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of 4 months, and the medicines are taken alternately.

(3) Large ashen weevil: larvae and adults eat tender tips and leaves of the selfheal, the light people eat the leaves to be carved or holes, and the heavy people eat the selfheal to be polished rods, so that seedlings are missing and ridges are broken. 1.8 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution 2000 times and 20 percent of chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate 3000 times.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:

1. the biological diversity can be increased by the intercropping of the konjak and the selfheal, the growth of land weeds can be inhibited, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be inhibited, and the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced; the konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the selfheal; the two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the selfheal is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.

2. The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the selfheal to enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.

3. The konjak and the selfheal are planted according to a certain plant-row spacing proportion, and the selfheal not only can form competitive advantage with weeds in the konjak field to inhibit the weeds and become a substitute plant for the weeds, but also can form diversified environment to slow down the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. The height habit of konjak and selfheal is utilized to form three-dimensional planting, and the land space is fully utilized.

4. The intercropping method provided by the invention can protect the growth environment of the konjak planting field, reduce soil pollution, improve the acre output value and increase benefits; the profit can be increased by 7.3 percent compared with the pure konjak.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples to make the technical aspects of the present invention easier to understand and grasp, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

1. Example 1 intercropping of konjak and Prunellae Spica

An ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal, which comprises the following steps:

the ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by broadcasting and intercropping konjak and selfheal comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer; (the shading degree and the pH value of the planting field are the variation range values in the planting season);

(2) seed stem selection: selecting Konjac seeds with the weight of 0.01kg of the No. 1 Jindi, tedding for 2 days, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder before seeding;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deep ploughing, drying soil and making thin furrow at the bottom of 2 months, and ridging with a furrow surface width of 1.5m, a ridge height of 25cm and a furrow width of 30 cm; applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu;

(4) cultivation: sowing rhizoma Amorphophalli and Prunellae Spica in spring, planting by stretching 150cm to open furrow with width of 30cm, furrow width of 120cm and furrow height of 30cm, conditioning furrow surface, operating on furrow surface, transplanting, planting 4 rows in each furrow surface with row spacing of 30cm, intercropping Prunellae Spica and rhizoma Amorphophalli with plant spacing of 15cm, planting 1 rhizoma Amorphophalli every 3 plants, and planting rhizoma Amorphophalli with plant spacing of 45 cm.

(5) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out on the konjak twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the last 6-month ten days of the first topdressing; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time; topdressing is carried out on the selfheal twice, wherein 5 jin/mu of urea is used for broadcasting at the tillering stage before and after 3 middle days of the month for the first time, and 10 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is used for broadcasting at the late stage before and after 5 middle days of the month for the second time.

2. Comparative example 1 pure konjak

The difference from example 1 is that only konjac was bred. The konjak was planted in pure form in the same manner as in example 1.

3. Comparison of effects of example 1 and comparative example 1

3.1 economic benefit of intercropping konjak and selfheal

(1) Yield: the result of an intercropping planting test of the konjak and the selfheal shows that the yield of konjak (commercial konjak and seed konjak) in one mu of land is 1615 kg, the yield of commercial konjak is 1061 kg, the yield of seed konjak is 554 kg, and seed konjak has two types of konjak and seed konjak (wherein the yield of the second konjak is 413 kg, and the yield of the seed konjak is 141 kg); the yield of the selfheal is 200 kg.

(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019, the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kg, and the yield of 1061 kg is 6366 yuan; the rhizoma Amorphophalli has a yield of 15 yuan per kg, and the output value of 413 kg is 6195 yuan; the seed taro is 35 yuan per kg, and the yield value of 141 kg is 4935 yuan; the total yield of rhizoma Amorphophalli is 17496 yuan. According to the market price of the common selfheal fruit-spike at present, the common selfheal fruit-spike per kilogram has 3 yuan, and the common selfheal fruit-spike output value of 200 kilograms is 600 yuan. The total yield per mu of the konjak and the selfheal intercropping is 18096 yuan.

(3) Cost and expense: the method comprises the following steps of 3500 yuan of konjak seed purchase cost, 50 yuan of selfheal seed purchase cost, 600 yuan of land lease cost, 1000 yuan of planting labor cost, 1500 yuan of collection labor cost, 200 yuan of management cost and 500 yuan of fertilizer cost. The cost for intercropping konjak and selfheal in one mu is 7350 yuan.

(4) Profit: pure profit income 10746 yuan can be obtained by intercropping konjak and selfheal into one mu of land.

3.2 economic benefits of pure konjak

(1) Yield: 1730 kg per unit of pure konjak planted in one mu of land, (wherein 1140 kg of commercial konjak, 423 kg of secondary konjak and 167 kg of seed konjak).

(2) Yield value: according to the market price of 2019 years fresh konjak, the commercial taro is 6 yuan per kg, and the commercial taro yield of 1140 kg is 6840 yuan; the yield of the konjac II is 15 yuan per kg, and the yield of the konjac II with the yield of 423 kg is 6345 yuan; the yield of the seed taro is 35 yuan per kilogram, and the yield of the seed taro with the yield of 167 kilograms is 5845 yuan. And (4) comprehensively calculating, wherein the total yield of the pure konjac planted in one mu of land is 19030 yuan.

(3) Cost and expense: the purchasing cost of the konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the land lease cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the weed removal labor cost is 1500 yuan, the collection labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 220 yuan, the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan, and the pesticide cost is 200 yuan. The total number is 9020 yuan.

(4) Profit: the pure konjak planted in one mu of land can obtain the pure profit income of 10010 yuan.

3.3 comparative conclusion of the test

(1) Although the yield of the konjak intercropping selfheal is reduced by 115 kilograms and 6.6 percent compared with that of the pure konjak, the total benefit is increased (firstly, the artificial weeding cost is reduced by 1500 yuan, the pesticide is 200 yuan, the total amount is 1700 yuan, and secondly, the income of the planted selfheal is increased by 600 yuan), the total profit of the konjak and selfheal intercropping is increased by 736 yuan compared with that of the pure konjak, the profit is increased by 7.3 percent compared with that of the pure konjak, the environmental pollution pressure is reduced by not applying the pesticide, and the raw materials of the produced pollution-free food are ecological benefits and social benefits which cannot be calculated.

(2) The konjak and the selfheal intercropping can generate two economic benefits, the reasonable intercropping has the effect of increasing the yield compared with the single intercropping, the income can be increased, and the intercropping with reasonable synergism can exchange less investment for more economic income. The two reductions are implemented in agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides can be reduced by intercropping the konjak and the selfheal, the production cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.

The above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of stretching and opening the soil moisture for planting according to the length of 100-50 cm, the furrow width is 30-50cm, the soil moisture surface width is 100-120cm, the soil moisture height is 20-50cm, the soil moisture surfaces are well arranged, the operation is carried out on the soil moisture surfaces, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strips and furrows, 2-5 lines are planted on each soil moisture surface, the line spacing is 20-50cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 10-30cm, 1 konjak is planted every 2-5 lines, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 20-50 cm.

2. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and selfheal to control weeds as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(1) selection of a planting land: selecting a planting field with shading degree of 40-75%, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and highest temperature of 30-35 ℃ in summer;

(2) seed stem selection: selecting a single konjak seed with the weight of 0.01-0.2kg, tedding for 1-2 days, and mixing the seeds with multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;

(3) land arrangement and fertilization: deep ploughing, drying soil and making furrow with a furrow surface width of 1-2m, a ridge height of 20-30cm and a furrow width of 20-50 cm; fertilizing;

(4) cultivation: sowing the konjak and the selfheal in spring to clear sections, planting the konjak and the selfheal in a mode of stretching by 100-plus-150 cm for opening the moisture in soil, wherein the furrow width is 30-50cm, the moisture surface width is 100-plus-120 cm, the moisture height is 20-50cm, the moisture surface is well prepared, operation is carried out on the moisture surface, transplanting is carried out in the form of strip furrows, 2-5 rows are planted on each moisture surface, the row spacing is 20-50cm, the selfheal and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 10-30cm, 1 konjak is planted among every 2-5 plants, and the plant spacing of the konjak is 20-50 cm;

(5) and (6) topdressing.

3. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and selfheal to control weeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the variety of konjak seeds is jindi No. 1.

4. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and selfheal to prevent and control weeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the fertilizer application is mainly organic fertilizer and is assisted by high-potassium compound fertilizer, and base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are applied again.

5. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and selfheal to prevent and control weeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3), 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers for each mu.

6. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and selfheal to control weeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (5), the additional fertilizer is: topdressing is carried out on the konjak twice, wherein 20kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in the last 6-month ten days of the first topdressing; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time; topdressing the selfheal twice, namely spreading 5-10 jin/mu of urea at the tillering stage before and after 3 middle days of the month for the first time, and spreading 10-15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer at the late stage before and after 5 middle days of the month for the second time.

7. The ecological cultivation method for interplanting konjak and prunella vulgaris to control weeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (4), the konjak and prunella vulgaris are sown from spring equinox to clear festival, the seeds are planted by stretching 150cm for opening furrow, the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surfaces are prepared, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the transplanting is carried out in the form of strip furrow, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, the row spacing is 30cm, the prunella vulgaris and konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 15cm, 1 konjak is planted every 3 plants, and the plant spacing of konjak is 45 cm.