CN112779654B - Moisture-absorbing heating knitted fabric with long-time controllable heating temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-absorbing heating knitted fabric with long-time controllable heating temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
- D06B3/18—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics combined with squeezing, e.g. in padding machines
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
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- D06C7/02—Setting
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
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- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
- D06P1/48—Derivatives of carbohydrates
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于发热温度长时间可控型的吸湿发热针织面料及其制备方法，制备方法为：以具吸湿梯度的三层吸湿匀缓发热织物为基础面料，采用织物浸轧‑织物单侧印花复合整理工艺或筒子纱浸渍‑织物双侧印花复合整理工艺制得发热温度长时间可控型的吸湿发热针织面料；该发明面料在恒定低温和恒定高湿环境条件下，持续发热升温至最高温升值的时间为510s以上，由储湿实现的吸湿发热达最高温升值和最高储湿量的同步率为95％以上；在恒定的低温且低湿逐渐至高湿的环境条件下，持续发热升温至最高温升值的时间为260s以上，发热升至最高温时高于平均温升值的发热面积占总发热面积的比例为70％以上。本发明的方法简单，有效，使用范围广。
The invention relates to a hygroscopic and heat-generating knitted fabric based on a long-time controllable heating temperature and a preparation method thereof. The side printing composite finishing process or the cheese impregnation-fabric double-sided printing composite finishing process can obtain a hygroscopic and heat-generating knitted fabric with a controllable heating temperature for a long time; the fabric of the invention continues to heat up under constant low temperature and constant high humidity environment conditions. The maximum temperature rise time is more than 510s, and the moisture absorption and heat generation achieved by moisture storage reach the synchronization rate of the maximum temperature rise and the maximum moisture storage capacity of more than 95%; under constant low temperature and low humidity gradually to high humidity environment conditions, continuous heating and heating The time to the highest temperature rise is more than 260s, and the heating area that is higher than the average temperature rise when the heat rises to the highest temperature accounts for more than 70% of the total heating area. The method of the invention is simple, effective and has a wide range of use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-quality heat-humidity comfortable textiles, and relates to a moisture-absorbing heating knitted fabric with a long-time controllable heating temperature and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The textile material is used as the second layer of skin of the human body, and a regulating system is established between the outdoor environment and the skin of the human body, so that when the requirement of the clothing worn by the human body on the comfort is important under any activity state of the human body, the clothing can quickly sense the temperature and humidity change of the microenvironment where the skin is located and respond in time, the heat-humidity balance of the microenvironment where the human body is located is repaired and established, and the comfortable heat-humidity experience is provided for the human body.
In recent years, people pay more attention to self health after inheriting the concept of green life, the human body can be in light-weight motion or severe motion state in spring and summer or autumn and winter, particularly in low-temperature and wet and cold autumn and winter, sweat generated by human body motion needs to be absorbed, diffused and conducted by fabrics in time, the skin is kept properly dry, cold is resisted, the wet and cold feeling caused by sweat evaporation is resisted, and the heat of the human body is supplemented to the maximum extent.
At present, the research invention of moisture-absorbing and heating textiles relates to the fields of home textile, clothing, industry and the like, and focuses on selecting moisture-absorbing and heating fibers to endow the textiles with moisture-absorbing and heating characteristics or have the moisture-absorbing and heating characteristics and other functionalities; endowing the fabric with the moisture absorption and heating characteristics through a dyeing and finishing technology or improving the dyeing performance of the product by utilizing the moisture absorption of the moisture absorption and heating product; developing a fiber moisture absorption and heat generation test method and a test device; the unidirectional moisture-conducting, moisture-absorbing and heating fabric is developed by means of fiber materials, yarn structures, fabric design and the like, namely, the fabric is endowed with the moisture-absorbing and heating characteristics, and meanwhile, the unidirectional conduction of water from inside to outside is realized.
The industrial development is promoted by a plurality of products with the functions of moisture absorption and heat generation, but the high requirement of a human body on the heat and humidity comfort of the clothes is not met only by focusing on the simple attachment of the functions of moisture absorption and heat generation and the one-way conduction of moisture in the fabric from inside to outside and neglecting the influence of the diffusion of the moisture in each layer of the fabric and between the layers on the moisture absorption and heat generation. Therefore, the consideration of the moisture absorption and heat generation process appears in the current domestic moisture absorption and heat generation products. Patent application No. CN202010134039.8 discloses a comfortable fabric with a moisture-absorbing, uniform-heating and warm-keeping structure and a weaving method thereof. The fabric comprises an inner moisture-conducting layer, a heating layer and a warm-keeping layer, wherein the inner moisture-conducting layer is formed by weaving polyester fiber yarns with special-shaped sections, polyamide fiber yarns with special-shaped sections or blended yarns containing one of the two fibers, and the heating layer is made of moisture-absorbing heating fiber blended yarns; the warm-keeping layer is woven by hollow warm-keeping fiber yarns, far infrared heat storage warm-keeping fiber yarns or blended yarns containing one of the two fibers. By means of the moisture regain difference of the inner layer/the heating layer, the moisture is quickly conducted; the moisture diffusion and the heating are enlarged by the moisture absorption and heating function of the heating layer; the heating layer is covered by the warm-keeping layer to play the role of heat isolation and heat preservation. The patent relates to the content that the moisture absorption and uniform heating of the product are realized mainly by means of the full large-area contact of water molecules and moisture absorption and heating fibers in the middle heating layer of the fabric, and the more contact points are, the more heating is, the more uniform heating is. Patent No. CN202010134040.0 discloses a moisture-absorbing, uniform and slow-heating fabric and a weaving method thereof. The fabric comprises an inner layer (a diffusion moisture-conducting layer), a middle layer (a moisture absorption and storage layer) and an outer layer (a moisture absorption and heating layer). The inner layer is made of filaments with special-shaped cross sections, composite yarns containing the filaments with the special-shaped cross sections or non-woven fabrics containing the filaments with the special-shaped cross sections, the wicking effect of moisture in the inner layer of the fabric is enhanced by utilizing the groove structures on the surfaces of the filaments with the special-shaped cross sections, and the rapid diffusion of the moisture in the inner layer of the fabric is enhanced by means of the moisture absorption of natural fibers or artificial cellulose fibers in the composite yarns or the non-woven fabrics; the middle layer is made of pure spinning yarns, blended yarns or non-woven fabric pieces, and the moisture absorption and storage of the middle layer are realized mainly by means of the moisture absorption of natural fibers or artificial cellulose fibers in the blended yarns and the non-woven fabric; the outer layer is made of blended yarn or non-woven fabric sheet containing the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers, and the moisture diffusion and the moisture absorption and heat generation of the outer layer are realized by means of the hydrophilic groups of the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating fibers and the moisture absorption of natural fibers and man-made cellulose fibers in the blended yarn or the non-woven fabric. Compared with the similar moisture absorption heating fabric, the fabric has the advantages that the time lag for reaching the maximum temperature rise value is 1-3 min, the heat preservation time is 21-25 min, and the heating area is enlarged by more than 5%.
In summary, the above patent researches focus on the moisture absorption and heat generation process of the fabric, and a certain technical discussion is made on uniform heat generation and slow heat generation of the fabric, but there is a space for further improvement as follows:
(1) the current measurement of the moisture absorption and heat generation process is limited to the stage of achieving the target functionality by means of improving the fabric weaving method, but in order to match with the spinning process, ensure the yarn quality and meet the requirements of people on the lightness and thinness of clothes, the method of improving the fabric weaving method is only used for realizing the moisture absorption and heat generation process of the fabric, so that the design limitation is large. For example, in the fabric in patent application CN202010134039.8, the total thickness of the fabric needs to meet the conventional requirement, the distance between the heating layer in the middle of the fabric and the skin of the human body is short, the moisture of the inner moisture-conducting layer is difficult to greatly reduce the conduction speed of the moisture to the heating layer even considering the surface wetting effect, the moisture absorption effect of the heating layer is beneficial to the expansion of the heating area and simultaneously can strengthen the rapid movement of water molecules, and the phenomenon of rapid heating is easy to occur. Similarly, in the fabric of patent application CN202010134040.0, the content of natural fibers or man-made cellulose fibers in the inner layer blended yarn is very limited, and the moisture diffusion degree of the inner layer is also limited. The heating uniformity of the moisture diffusion degree of the outer layer of the fabric is also easily influenced by the fiber proportion in the yarn, the yarn uniformity and the fabric structure uniformity.
(2) In the fabric of patent application CN202010134040.0, the moisture absorption and storage function of the middle layer is mainly dependent on the moisture absorption of the weft inserted yarn of natural fiber or artificial cellulose fiber which does not participate in the weaving of the inner and outer layer fabrics, but the chemical fiber yarn which is also located in the middle layer participates in the weaving of the inner and outer layer fabrics, and mainly acts as moisture conduction rather than moisture absorption, in other words, part of the moisture conducted from the inner layer of the fabric to the middle layer is still quickly conducted to the outer layer of the fabric along the connecting yarn, so the moisture absorption and storage function of the middle layer is not embodied to the maximum extent, when the fabric enters the heat dissipation stage after the moisture absorption and heat rise value reaches the maximum temperature rise value, the fabric is still continuously absorbing moisture, which indicates that the heat generation is still too fast, the utilization rate of the moisture in the heat generation stage is not high enough, the heat preservation is improved, but also the temperature rise speed is uncontrollable when the heat generation and the temperature rise in the early stage of moisture absorption and heat generation is increased, and the moisture retention time still exists a space, and because of the difference of hydrophilicity of different fibers, the water is diffused in the layer and lacks uniformity, and the subsequent heating uniformity of the outer layer is also influenced, so that the heating temperature rise uniformity is uncontrollable.
Therefore, the current research results do not relate to the researches on the controllability of the slow rise and the uniform rise of the moisture absorption and heating temperature of the fabric, the feasibility of delaying the moisture absorption and heating due to the dyeing and finishing composite action, the heating uniformity control on the premise of slow heating and the like except the spinning and weaving fields, and particularly when the skin of a human body is in a low-temperature high-humidity environment, the key of obtaining better wearing comfort experience of the human body and the important point of the research and development of high-quality heat-humidity comfort textiles are that how the fabric can avoid the too fast heating and temperature rise to a greater extent after moisture absorption and avoid the heat concentration and the like. Therefore, the preparation method of the moisture-absorbing heating knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heating temperature has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the method for controlling the slow rise and the uniform rise of the moisture absorption and heating temperature of the fabric except the spinning and weaving field does not exist in the prior art, the feasibility of delaying the moisture absorption and heating by the aid of the composite action of weaving and dyeing and finishing and the heating uniformity control technology under the premise of slow heating do not exist, the heating of the moisture absorption and heating fabric is still too fast due to the heating, the fabric is rapidly heated, the heating delay difficulty is caused by the moisture storage function which is not embodied to the maximum extent, and the heat is not uniform due to concentrated heating and local heating, and provides the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric based on the long-time controllable heating temperature and the preparation method thereof; the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature has a ladder-shaped three-layer composite structure with an inner layer, a diffusion moisture conducting layer, an intermediate layer, a strong moisture storage layer and an outer layer, wherein the ladder-shaped three-layer composite structure is used for guiding uniform moisture absorption and heating, and the long-time controllable moisture absorption and heating temperature of the fabric is finally achieved by combining the composite effects of weaving and dyeing and finishing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature has a ladder-shaped three-layer composite structure and comprises three layers of moisture absorption uniform and slow heating base fabrics with moisture absorption gradients and hydrophilic finishing agents on the surfaces of the three layers of moisture absorption uniform and slow heating base fabrics;
the moisture absorption heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time has the advantages that under the environment conditions of constant low temperature T1 and constant high humidity R1, the time for continuously heating and raising the temperature to the maximum temperature rise value is more than 510s, and the synchronous rate of the maximum temperature rise value and the maximum moisture storage capacity of moisture absorption heating realized by moisture storage is more than 95%;
the low temperature T1 is 18-22 ℃, and the high humidity R1 is 88-92% of relative humidity.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controlled for a long time is characterized in that under the environmental conditions of constant low temperature T2 and gradual low humidity R2 to high humidity R3, the time for continuously heating and raising the temperature to the maximum temperature rise value is more than 260s, and the proportion of the heating area higher than the average temperature rise value to the total heating area when the heating is raised to the maximum temperature is more than 70%;
the low temperature T2 is 18-22 ℃, the low humidity R2 is 63-67% of relative humidity, and the high humidity R3 is 88-92% of relative humidity.
According to the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature, the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the inner layer and the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the outer layer of the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature can reach 2.47-3.84 mm/s respectively, and the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the outer layer can reach 1.77-2.51 mm/s respectively.
The moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature is characterized in that the inner layer of the three-layer moisture absorption uniform and slow heating base fabric with the moisture absorption gradient is formed by knitting the special-shaped cross-section polyester yarns and the polyester/cotton blended yarns in a yarn-doubling and yarn-knitting mode; the outer layer is woven by moisture absorption heating fiber/viscose fiber blended yarn in a looping manner; the middle layer is formed by using terylene as connecting yarn and cotton weft inserted yarn; wherein, the cotton weft-inserted yarns are laid on the middle layer and do not participate in the weaving of the inner layer and the outer layer, and the terylene participates in the weaving of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric in tuck.
The structure is a three-layer moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabric structure with moisture absorption gradient in the prior art.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, which is characterized in that three layers of moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabrics with moisture absorption gradients are taken as base fabrics, and the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time is prepared by adopting a fabric padding-fabric single-side printing composite finishing process or a cheese dipping-fabric double-side printing composite finishing process.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time comprises the following specific processes of fabric padding and fabric single-side printing composite finishing: weaving a base fabric (according to a method in the prior art) → fabric padding hydrophilic finishing → fabric outer layer surface mild non-continuous printing hydrophilic finishing;
the specific process of the cheese impregnation-fabric double-side printing composite finishing process comprises the following steps: the middle layer is modified by cheese surface hydrophilically → base fabric is weaved by the modified cheese (according to the weaving method in the prior art) → fabric inner layer surface heavy non-continuous printing hydrophilically finish → fabric outer layer surface light non-continuous printing hydrophilically finish.
According to the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, hydrophilic finishing agent A is adopted for fabric padding hydrophilic finishing and cheese surface hydrophilic modification for the middle layer.
According to the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, the paste used for the heavy non-continuous printing hydrophilic finishing mainly comprises 3-4 wt% of hydrophilic finishing agent A, 2-7 wt% of sodium alginate and deionized water.
In the method for producing the moisture-absorbing and heat-generating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heat-generating temperature, the hydrophilic finishing agent A is the moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing finishing agent FC-226 and the moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing finishing agent
DH, CN liq, moisture absorption and sweat releasing finishing agent ULTRAPHIL HSD, moisture absorption and sweat releasing finishing agent HP.
According to the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, the paste used for mild discontinuous printing hydrophilic finishing mainly comprises 3-4 wt% of hydrophilic finishing agent B, 2-7 wt% of sodium alginate and deionized water.
In the method for preparing the moisture absorption heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time, the hydrophilic finishing agent B contains more than one of a high-efficiency multifunctional hydrophilic finishing agent TF-629C, a high-efficiency penetrating agent TF-107T and a polyester polyether type hydrophilic finishing agent DP 9992.
According to the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, the fabric subjected to hydrophilic modification or finishing is subjected to pre-drying and heat setting every time, wherein the pre-drying temperature is 70-90 ℃, the time is 3-5 min, and the high-temperature heat setting temperature is 140-180 ℃, and the time is 50-70 s.
According to the method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature being controllable for a long time, the washing method of the fabric subjected to each hydrophilic modification or finishing is one or more of soaping and ultrasonic oscillation washing.
The method for the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time comprises the following soaping process: soaping → washing with warm water at 60-80 ℃ for 10-15 min → washing with cold water;
the ultrasonic oscillation cleaning conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the power is 40-60W, and the washing time is 10-15 min.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the moisture absorption surface fabric that generates heat of the long-time controllable type of temperature that generates heat realizes the principle of the long-time controllable type of temperature that generates heat:
(1) in the basic structure of the fabric, the inner layer is made of special-shaped cross section polyester yarns and polyester cotton blended yarns and stranded yarns. Compared with the common polyester yarn, the special-shaped cross-section polyester yarn has the advantages that the specific surface area of the fiber is increased by virtue of the multi-groove structure on the fiber surface, the wicking channel for water diffusion on the fabric surface is narrowed, and the wicking effect is favorably improved; the existence of a small amount of cotton fibers enables the surface of the inner layer to be incompletely hydrophobic, and moisture cannot be rapidly conducted from the inner layer of the fabric to the middle layer and is diffused on the surface of the inner layer by utilizing the moisture absorption effect of the cotton fibers. However, the defects are that the cotton fibers absorb moisture fast and disperse moisture slowly, the moisture and cold feeling brought to the skin of a human body in the moisture dispersing process is longer, the duration of the moisture and cold feeling is longer as the content of the cotton fibers is larger, if the moisture left on the surface of the inner layer of the fabric for a long time after the human body sweats is avoided to bring the moisture and cold feeling to the skin of the human body, the content of the cotton fibers in the inner layer is inevitably limited, namely, the moisture absorption effect generated by the cotton fibers in the inner layer of the fabric is limited successively, the moisture regain of the terylene is low, the fibers do not absorb moisture, the transmission of the moisture or the liquid water mainly depends on a wicking channel formed between the terylene fibers or the terylene yarns, the affinity between the surface of the inner layer of the fabric and water molecules is more limited, the area of the water molecules wetting and spreading in the inner layer of the fabric is insufficient, and particularly, the large diffusion area is more difficult to realize the rapid diffusion of the moisture in the short-time stay in the inner layer.
Therefore, the inner layer of the fabric has the function of 'diffusion and moisture conduction', and the inner layer of the fabric is finished, can improve the hydrophilicity of the polyester yarns, synchronously strengthen the capillary wicking effect of the moisture in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the inner layer of the fabric by increasing the wettability of the moisture to the wicking channel of the inner layer of the fabric, avoid the contradiction of the increase of the wicking height caused by excessively reducing the wicking channel and the reduction of the water flow, and finally, on the premise of not reducing the water flow, the wicking channel which is quickly wetted and spread by the moisture can quickly climb along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the inner surface of the fabric to accelerate the moisture diffusion speed, the inner layer of the finished fabric can simultaneously realize that moisture stays in the inner layer for a short time and is quickly diffused to obtain a larger diffusion area by means of the moisture absorption of the cotton fibers and the strong wicking action of the inner layer, so that the moisture accumulation is avoided, and the uniformity of the moisture dispersion is improved; meanwhile, the wicking strength of the inner layer can be controlled by adjusting the hydrophilic finishing process, two factors of increasing the diffusion speed of water in the fabric inner layer and reducing the conduction speed of water to the fabric middle layer are controlled within a certain range, so that the fabric inner layer can quickly capture sweat or sweat water molecules and provide a hydrophilic interface for further diffusion of the sweat continuously adsorbed on the fiber surface, and then the sweat is gradually condensed into liquid water molecules on the fiber surface and then generates diffusion conduction between fibers and yarns along an easily wetted deep and narrow capillary pipeline under the action of obvious capillary pressure difference, and the water molecules can be ensured to be synergistically conducted to the fabric middle layer while diffusing, so that the preliminary controllability that the heating temperature of the fabric is slowly increased and uniformly increased is obtained.
(2) In the basic structure of the fabric, the middle layer is common terylene connecting yarns, tucks participate in the weaving of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric to connect the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric, and a small amount of cotton weft insertion yarns which do not participate in the weaving of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric are used as auxiliary materials. The physical adsorption of the textile material to water molecules exists in three states of free water, intermediate water and bound water, the binding force of the water molecules existing in the three states and the fiber material is sequentially enhanced in the forming process, wherein the bound water forms molecular bonding with the fiber material molecules in the forming process, the binding force is strong, a large amount of phase change latent heat can be released, the intermediate water and the bound water molecules are adsorbed outside the bound water due to the generation of hydrogen bonding, the released phase change latent heat is less than that of the bound water, the acting force between the free water and the textile material is very weak, the temporary adsorption is realized, and the heat is easily desorbed, evaporated and taken away. Based on the above, in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment, when the fabric absorbs sweat, the sweat is converted into sweat, or a large amount of sweat is generated, and the sweat is condensed into sweat on the surface of the fiber, in order to provide comfortable hot and wet experience for a human body, the content of combined water and intermediate water in the fabric after sweating needs to be increased, and free water is reduced.
The cotton weft inserted in the middle layer of the base fabric can intercept part of moisture through moisture absorption and exist in a form of bound water after the moisture is transmitted from the inner layer of the fabric to the middle layer, a certain moisture storage effect is achieved in the rapid moisture absorption and slow moisture desorption of the fiber, but common polyester yarns connecting the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric have obvious hydrophobicity, hydrophobic points are formed in the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric, the moisture in the inner layer of the fabric can be rapidly transmitted to the outer layer through the middle layer, water molecules can not wet the polyester fiber and are mostly in a free water state and transmitted in a water molecule film form along the surface of the fiber, and the differential capillary effect from inside to outside of the base fabric enables the moisture to be rapidly transmitted to the outer layer of the fabric in capillaries along the thickness direction of the fabric, so that the moisture storage effect of the middle layer is insufficient; the obvious difference of the hydrophilicity of the two different materials in the middle layer leads to different adsorption states of the water conducted to the middle layer and the surfaces of the fiber materials, the released latent heat of phase change is also different, the moisture transmission, heat transmission and heat and moisture coupling effects are different, and the uniformity of moisture absorption and heat generation of the outer layer of the fabric is indirectly influenced.
Therefore, the fabric intermediate layer has a 'strong moisture storage' function, and based on the reasons, the hydrophilicity of the common polyester yarns is obviously improved through the finishing of the intermediate layer material, more hydrophilic groups are provided for the surface of the polyester yarns, the water molecules conducted to the fabric intermediate layer are favorably captured, the hydrophilic groups are bonded with the water molecules, the free water content is effectively reduced, the bound water content is increased, the moisture absorption effect of cotton yarns is added, the bound water state of the fabric intermediate layer textile material adsorbed to the water molecules is increased, meanwhile, more binding points are provided for the binding of the intermediate water and the bound water, the physical adsorption of the water on the fiber surface is strengthened, the water retention property of the fabric intermediate layer is endowed and enhanced, the desorption time is prolonged, the conduction of the water to the fabric outer layer is delayed, and the feasibility is provided for delaying the moisture absorption and heating of the fabric outer layer; by controlling the finishing process and method, the hydrophilic strength of the modified common polyester yarns is adjusted, the speed of water conducted from the middle layer to the outer layer of the fabric is delayed to different degrees, the retention time of the water in the middle layer of the fabric is prolonged to promote the water to be diffused in the middle layer in a larger range, and the moisture absorption and heating time of the outer layer is delayed to different degrees; the hydrophilicity difference of different materials in the middle layer of the fabric is weakened, water is guided to be distributed nearly uniformly in the middle layer, uniform moisture absorption and heating of the outer layer of the fabric are facilitated, and two-stage controllability of slow rising and uniform rising of the heating temperature of the fabric is obtained.
(3) In the basic structure of the fabric, the outer layer material is a moisture absorption heating fiber/viscose fiber blended yarn. The outer layer is absorbed by the moisture absorption heating fibers through the moisture transmitted from the middle layer to generate heat, and the high moisture regain of the viscose fibers in the blended yarn can promote the moisture to be transmitted from the middle layer to the outer layer. However, the yarn quality of the outer layer of the fabric and the weaving process affect the uniformity of the cloth cover, that is, the uniformity of the structure of the fabric is not enough to realize the uniform distribution of water on the outer layer of the fabric to a greater extent, so as to cause uniform heating.
Therefore, the outer layer of the fabric has the function of guiding uniform moisture absorption and heating, the moisture absorption of the outer layer can be improved based on the finishing of the outer layer of the fabric based on the defects, the large amount of moisture stored in the middle layer of the fabric is guided outwards, the wicking action of moisture conducted to the outer layer is strengthened by reserving regular and uniformly distributed hydrophilic prints on the surface of the outer layer of the fabric, the moisture content is uniformly distributed along the hydrophilic prints to promote uniform moisture absorption and heating, and the controllability of the final stage of slowly rising and uniformly rising the heating temperature of the fabric is obtained.
(4) The finishing agent selected by the fabric is different from the conventional moisture absorption and heating finishing agent in that the finishing is not carried out by adopting the moisture absorption and heating finishing agent, the interference of functional groups in the moisture absorption and heating finishing agent on the heating performance is avoided, and the controllability of slowly rising and uniformly rising the heating temperature of the fabric is realized only by controlling the existing state, the transmission speed and the like of water on the surfaces and the layers of the fabric.
The control of the whole heating process is based on the diffusion, storage and conduction of moisture, particularly the synergistic effect of the three, and the effective control of the synergistic effect of the three to guide the moisture to be diffused and conducted layer by layer in the fabric and the proper storage of the moisture is the key for establishing the ladder-shaped structure of the invention, and is also an important link for the controllability of the fabric with the slow rise and the uniform rise of the heating temperature.
Advantageous effects
(1) According to the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heating temperature, under the environment condition of constant temperature ((20 +/-2) DEG C) and constant humidity (high humidity, relative humidity (90 +/-2)%), the time for continuously heating to the maximum temperature rise value can be as long as 510s, the synchronization rate of the maximum temperature rise value and the maximum moisture storage rate of moisture absorption and heating realized through moisture storage can be 95%, and compared with the moisture absorption and slow heating fabric in the prior art, the heat regeneration is delayed for 50-200 s under the same environment condition, so that moisture can be used in the heating process to the maximum extent; under the environment condition of constant-temperature (20 +/-2) DEG C) humidification (low humidity gradually reaches high humidity, relative humidity gradually rises from (65 +/-2)% to (90 +/-2)%), the time of continuously heating and raising the temperature to the maximum temperature rise value can be as long as 260s, the proportion of the heating area higher than the average temperature rise value in the heating and raising to the maximum temperature to the total heating area can be more than 70%, the heating area is prolonged by 30-170 s compared with the prior moisture-absorbing uniform and slow heating fabric under the same environment condition, and the heating area proportion is 3-5%; the liquid water diffusion speed of the inner layer of the fabric can reach 2.47-3.84 mm/s, and the liquid water diffusion speed of the outer layer can reach 1.77-2.51 mm/s, so that the controllability of slowly rising heating temperature and the controllability of uniformly rising heating temperature are realized;
(2) the moisture absorption heating knitted fabric based on the long-time controllable heating temperature has the controllability of slowly rising the heating temperature in the moisture absorption heating stage and the controllability of uniformly rising the heating temperature, and can avoid the problems of too fast heating and temperature rise, heat concentration, uneven heating and the like of clothes to a greater extent when human skin is in an environment of low temperature and high humidity (the temperature is 20 +/-2) DEG C and the relative humidity is 90 +/-2 percent) and the low temperature and high humidity is gradually increased (the temperature is 20 +/-2℃ and the relative humidity is gradually increased from (65 +/-2 percent) to (90 +/-2 percent), so that better wearing comfort experience is obtained;
(3) the invention discloses a preparation method of a moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heating temperature, which firstly provides feasibility of delaying moisture absorption and heating by relating to weaving and dyeing and finishing composite actions and realizing uniform heating on the premise of slow heating.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a moisture absorption and heat generation knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heat generation temperature prepared in example 1, wherein 1 is a diffusion moisture-conducting layer (inner layer), 2 is a strong moisture storage layer (middle layer), and 3 is a uniform moisture absorption and heat generation layer (outer layer);
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the moisture absorption and heat generation knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heat generation temperature prepared in example 2, wherein 1-a diffusion moisture-conducting layer (inner layer), 2-a strong moisture storage layer (middle layer), and 3-a uniform moisture absorption and heat generation layer (outer layer);
FIG. 3 is a graph showing delayed heating effects of the fabrics of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 under constant temperature and humidity conditions within 30 min; wherein, the ordinate is time, and the abscissa Δ T is a temperature rise value;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the fabrics of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 on the synchronization of moisture storage and temperature rise within 30min under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity; wherein, the ordinate delta H is relative humidity, and the abscissa is time;
FIG. 5 is a moisture absorption heat infrared thermograph of the fabrics of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 under constant temperature and continuous wetting conditions.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The moisture absorption and heating maximum value and the average value of the fabric within 30min are tested according to GB/T29866 and 2013 standards, wherein the heating temperature of the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric is controllable for a long time;
the moisture absorption and heat generation performance of the fabric is evaluated by referring to the FZ/T73036-2010 standard;
evaluating the dynamic moisture diffusion performance of the fabric according to the GB/T21655.2-2019 standard;
evaluating the capillary wicking effect of the inner layer surface and the outer layer surface of the fabric according to the FZ-T01071-2008 standard;
and (3) continuously wetting the inner layer of the fabric by using a FLUKE thermal infrared imager under the conditions of ambient temperature (20) DEG C and relative humidity (65)% to evaluate the moisture absorption and heating uniformity of the fabric within 30 min.
In the invention, when the performance of the fabric is characterized, the related temperature and humidity are set values in a test, and can also be considered as theoretical values of the test, and because the control error of equipment exists in general conditions, the temperature and the humidity in the invention can fluctuate within a certain range of the set values, wherein the certain range is +/-2, namely the temperature is +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is +/-2%.
Example 1
A preparation method of a moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heating temperature comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the double-sided circular knitting machine is adopted to knit three layers of moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabrics with moisture absorption gradient, the inner layer materials of the fabrics are formed by knitting polyester yarns with special-shaped cross sections and polyester/cotton blended yarns in a yarn-doubling and yarn-twisting manner, the outer layer materials of the fabrics are formed by knitting moisture absorption heating fibers/viscose blended yarns in a yarn-twisting manner, the middle layer materials of the fabrics are common polyester yarns, the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabrics are connected through tucking, and cotton weft lining yarns are used as auxiliary materials.
(2) The pretreatment comprises the following process flows: cylinder preparation → deoiling and water washing → dehydration → scutching → sizing → rolling.
(3) The fabric is finished by a padding method, and the process flow is as follows: preparing finishing liquid → padding → pre-drying → heat setting → soaping → drying. Wherein the finishing agent is a moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing finishing agent FC-226, the padding finishing temperature is 30 ℃, the pH value is 6, the padding time is 40min, the padding is twice, the padding rate is 75%, the pre-drying temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 4min, the high-temperature heat setting temperature is 160 ℃, and the time is 50 s. The soaping process comprises the following steps: soaping → warm water washing (70 ℃, 13min) → cold water washing;
(4) adopting a flat screen printing method to carry out mild non-continuous hydrophilic finishing on the surface of the outer layer of the fabric, and the process flow is as follows: printing paste mixing → printing → pre-baking → heat setting → ultrasonic washing → drying → the moisture absorption and heat generation knitted fabric with long-time controllable heat generation temperature is prepared. Wherein the printing paste consists of 3 wt% of hydrophilic finishing agent, 5 wt% of sodium alginate and deionized water, and the hydrophilic finishing agent contains high-efficiency multifunctional hydrophilic finishing agent TF-629C. Heat setting in the same step (3). The ultrasonic washing temperature is 25 ℃, the power is 50W, and the washing time is 13 min.
The schematic structural diagram of the prepared moisture absorption heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time is shown in figure 1, wherein the moisture absorption heating knitted fabric comprises an outer layer after treatment, a middle layer after treatment and an inner layer after treatment.
Comparative example 1
A double-sided circular knitting machine is adopted to weave a three-layer moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabric with a moisture absorption gradient (comparative example 1), wherein the inner layer of the three-layer moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabric is made of polyester yarns with special-shaped sections and polyester/cotton blended yarns which are stranded and yarn-twined to form loops, the outer layer of the fabric is made of moisture absorption heating fibers/viscose blended yarns to form loops, the middle layer of the fabric is made of common polyester yarns, the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric are connected through tucking, and cotton weft lining yarns are used as auxiliary materials.
The liquid moisture diffusion speed of the inner layer of the fabric of the moisture absorption and heat generation knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature prepared in the example 1 is 2.47mm/s, the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the inner layer of the fabric of the comparative example 1 is 1.14mm/s, and the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the inner layer of the fabric of the example 1 is improved by 116.67% compared with that of the moisture absorption uniform slow heating fabric (comparative example 1); the liquid water diffusion speed of the outer layer of the fabric in the example 1 is 1.77mm/s, the liquid water diffusion speed of the comparative example 1 is 3.05mm/s, and the water diffusion speed difference of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric in the example 1 is reduced by 63.35 percent compared with the moisture absorption uniform slow-heating fabric (comparative example 1); in example 1, the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction, transverse direction) and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) are respectively 21.29mm, 23.52mm, 20.13mm and 22.93mm, the corresponding values of comparative example 1 are 17.0mm, 18.0mm, 19.1mm and 19.71mm, the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of example 1 are respectively increased by 25.24 percent and 30.67 percent and are respectively increased by 5.40 percent and 16.34 percent compared with the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of the uniform and slow heat absorption fabric (comparative example 1), which shows that the fabric prepared in example 1 can realize rapid diffusion of the moisture of the inner layer and uniform diffusion of the outer layer;
as shown in figures 3 and 4, under the conditions of constant temperature (20 ℃) and constant humidity (relative humidity 90%), the maximum temperature rise value of 4.9 ℃ and the average temperature rise value of 3.41 ℃ in 30min of the fabric in the example 1 are not greatly different from the maximum temperature rise value of 5.23 ℃ and the average temperature rise value of 3.57 ℃ in the comparative example 1, and the example 1 is accompanied by obvious heat generation delaying phenomenon in the whole temperature rising process until the heat generation reaches the same maximum temperature rise value, the time delay reaches 160s (figure 3 shows the time required for respectively rising 1-5 ℃), the time synchronization rate for reaching the maximum temperature rise value and the maximum humidity storage value can reach 95.12 percent and basically synchronous (the synchronization rate is the time required for reaching the maximum temperature rise value TmaxThe ratio of the time of the humidity sensor to the time of the highest humidity storage value is calculated, when the ratio of the time of the humidity sensor to the time of the highest humidity storage value is close to 1, the synchronization rate is highest), and the humidity is used for the heating process to the maximum extent;
as shown in the infrared thermal image of FIG. 5, under the same conditions of constant temperature at low temperature (20 ℃) and gradual increase of relative humidity from 65% to 90%, the heating area of example 1 from the initial stage of heating to the maximum temperature of 24.7 ℃ can reach 71.2% which is higher than the average value, and is still 3% more than the moisture absorption uniform and slow heating fabric of the prior art, the cloth surface temperature distribution of the whole heating process is uniform, the continuous heating time is longer, the continuous heating time is 240s, and the continuous heating time is 110s more than that of the fabric of comparative example 1. Example 1 illustrates that the finishing technology of the present invention realizes rapid diffusion of moisture in a short time in the inner layer of the fabric, longer retention time in the middle layer, strong moisture storage, and uniform moisture absorption and heating guided by the outer layer, and is beneficial to slow moisture absorption and heating of the fabric in the same environment to obtain a high maximum temperature rise value and an average temperature rise value, and to realize controllability of slow rise of heating temperature and controllability of uniform rise of heating temperature.
Comparative example 2
The fabric of this example was the fabric of example 1 without finishing in step (4).
The liquid moisture diffusion speeds of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric in example 1 are respectively 2.47mm/s and 1.77mm/s, the liquid moisture diffusion speeds of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric in comparative example 2 are respectively 3.52mm/s and 2mm/s, and the difference of the moisture diffusion speeds of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric in example 1 is reduced by 53.95 percent compared with that of the fabric in comparative example 2;
the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of the fabric of example 1 are respectively 21.29mm, 23.52mm, 20.13mm and 22.93mm, the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of the fabric of comparative example 2 are respectively 19.23mm, 19.63mm, 19.51mm and 20mm, the wicking heights of the inner layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of the fabric of example 1 are respectively increased by 10.71 percent and 19.82 percent, the wicking heights of the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) and the wicking heights of the inner layer and the outer layer (longitudinal direction and transverse direction) of the fabric of comparative example 1 are respectively increased by 3.18 percent and 14.65 percent, and the moisture of the inner layer and the outer layer of the fabric of example 1 are quickly diffused and are more uniformly diffused.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, under the conditions of constant temperature (20 ℃) and constant humidity (relative humidity 90%), the maximum temperature rise value of 4.9 ℃, the average temperature rise value of 3.41 ℃ and the maximum temperature rise value of the fabric in the example 1 within 30min are all higher than the maximum temperature rise value of 4.78 ℃ and the average temperature rise value of 3.3 ℃ in the comparative example 2, and the example 1 is accompanied by obvious heat generation delaying phenomenon in the whole temperature rise process, so that the time of the maximum temperature rise value and the maximum humidity storage value is basically synchronous, and the moisture is maximally used for the heat generation process;
as shown in the infrared thermograph of FIG. 5, under the same conditions of constant low temperature (20 ℃) and gradually increasing the relative humidity from 65% to 90%, the fabric of example 1 generates heat more uniformly in the initial low-humidity condition and continues the whole heating temperature rise process, and has longer continuous heating time, the continuous heating time is as long as 240s, and the heating time is 50s more than that of the fabric of comparative example 2. Example 1 illustrates that the finishing technology of the present invention realizes rapid diffusion of moisture in a short time in the inner layer of the fabric, longer retention time in the middle layer, strong moisture storage, and uniform moisture absorption and heating guided by the outer layer, and is beneficial to slow moisture absorption and heating of the fabric in the same environment to obtain a high maximum temperature rise value and an average temperature rise value, and to realize controllability of slow rise of heating temperature and controllability of uniform rise of heating temperature.
Example 2
A preparation method of a moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric based on long-time controllable heating temperature comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the polyester cheese is subjected to moisture absorption and sweat releasing finishing by adopting a dipping method, and the process flow is as follows: preparing finishing liquid → dipping → pre-baking → washing → baking. The finishing liquor was prepared as in step (3) of example 1.
(2) The specific steps of weaving a fabric, namely a fabric base structure, namely a moisture-absorbing uniform-heating fabric structure in the prior art are basically the same as the step (1) in the example 1, and the difference is that the connecting yarns in the middle layer of the fabric in the example 2 are yarns finished in the step (1) in the example 2.
(3) Adopting a flat screen printing method to carry out severe non-continuous hydrophilic finishing on the surface of the inner layer of the fabric, and the process flow is as follows: printing paste preparation → printing → pre-baking → heat setting → cleaning → baking. The kind and shape of the finishing agent were the same as in step (3) of example 1.
(4) And (3) carrying out slight non-continuous hydrophilic finishing on the outer surface of the fabric by adopting a flat screen printing method, wherein the process flow and the method are the same as the step (4) in the example 1.
The schematic structural diagram of the prepared moisture absorption heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time is shown in fig. 2, wherein the moisture absorption heating knitted fabric comprises an outer layer after treatment, a middle layer after treatment and an inner layer after treatment.
The moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the heating temperature controllable for a long time has the advantages that under the condition of constant temperature (20 ℃) and constant humidity (relative humidity is 90%), the time for continuously heating and heating to the maximum temperature rise value is 523s, and the synchronous rate of the maximum temperature rise value and the maximum moisture storage capacity of moisture absorption and heating realized by moisture storage is 95.2%; under the conditions of the same low temperature and constant temperature (20 ℃) and the gradual rise of the relative humidity from 65% to 90%, the time for continuously heating and raising the temperature to the maximum temperature rise value is more than 270s, and the proportion of the heating area which is higher than the average temperature rise value when the heating is raised to the maximum temperature to the total heating area is 71.5%;
the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the inner layer of the moisture absorption and heating knitted fabric with the long-time controllable heating temperature can reach 2.88mm/s, and the liquid moisture diffusion speed of the outer layer can reach 2.1 mm/s.
Claims (12)
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