CN112717141B - 一种酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物制药技术领域,具体涉及一种酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
多柔比星是一类蒽环类抗肿瘤抗生素,为细胞周期非特异性药,对S期作用最强,对M、G1和G2期也有作用,其作用机制是抑制核酸的合成,从而起到抗肿瘤的作用。自上世纪60年代以来,多柔比星广泛用于临床化疗,可适用于急性白血病,恶性淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,肺癌,胃癌,肝癌,食管癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,结肠癌,乳腺癌,膀胱癌,甲状腺癌,神经母细胞癌等。多柔比星的结构如下:
多柔比星虽然具有抗癌谱广,疗效好的优点,但是静脉注射后毒副作用较大,主要包括恶心,呕吐,骨髓抑制,严重脱发等,临床上出现的毒副作用还有厌食,胃炎,口腔粘膜炎等。而且当累积剂量大时会导致严重的心脏损害,表现为心跳加速,心律失常以及充血性心力衰竭等。大量的毒副作用严重限制了多柔比星的临床应用。
多肽药物是随着抗肿瘤药物研究发展出现的一类药物。其可以通过将药物与多肽连接,降低药物毒副作用,提高抗肿瘤药物的靶向性等,进一步提高药物的治疗效果等。但是,多肽与药物连接后改变了各自的结构,得到的药物偶联物的生物活性是很难预期的(Tian T,Song Y,Li K,et al.Synthesis,Characterization,and Evaluation ofTriptolide Cell-Penetrating Peptide Derivative for Transdermal Delivery ofTriptolide[J].Molecular pharmaceutics,2018,15(2):560-570.)。针对不同的药物,如何选择多肽和连接键,设计一种既保持药物活性,又降低毒副作用的偶联物很困难。并且,将多柔比星与多肽偶联还存在偶联产率和纯化方法的问题。
专利CN107952080A公开了一种肿瘤靶向多肽-药物偶联物衍生物,其将药物与特定氨基酸序列的多肽连接,制备得到具有抗肿瘤活性的偶联物。但是,该专利在保证药物活性和安全性上还是存在一定的问题。
因此,亟需研究一种药物活性和安全性好,产率和纯度高的多肽多柔比星偶联物。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物及其合成方法和应用。
本发明提供了一种酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物,所述偶联物的结构如式I所示:
其中,
Ab为叠氮修饰的多肽。
进一步地,所述偶联物的结构如式II所示:
Ab为叠氮修饰的多肽。
进一步地,所述叠氮修饰的多肽为末端叠氮修饰的多肽;
优选地,所述多肽的氨基酸序列为:NYSKPTDRQYHFK、CLQKTPKQC、CVRARTR、NYSKPTDRQYHF、SGQYASYHCWCWRDPGRSGGSK或FPNWSLRPMNQM。
进一步地,所述叠氮修饰的多肽的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)采用Fmoc固相合成方法,在树脂上合成叠氮修饰的目标氨基酸序列;
(2)将含目标氨基酸序列的树脂在裂解液中裂解,使叠氮修饰的氨基酸序列从树脂上洗脱下来,纯化后得目标氨基酸序列。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述Fmoc固相合成方法包括如下步骤:
A.将叠氮修饰的Fmoc-氨基酸和树脂加入无水DCM中,加入DIEA、甲醇,反应后即得载末端叠氮修饰的Fmoc-氨基酸的树脂;
B.将上述树脂用含30%哌啶的DMF溶液脱除Fmoc,根据氨基酸序列加入Fmoc-氨基酸、1-羟基苯并三唑、苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、DIEA反应,将第二个氨基酸接枝在树脂上;
C.重复步骤B的方法,在树脂上合成目标氨基酸序列。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述树脂为2-氯三苯基甲基氯树脂;
和/或,步骤(2)中,所述裂解液由苯酚、乙二硫醇、苯甲硫醚、水和三氟乙酸组成;所述苯酚、乙二硫醇、苯甲硫醚、水和三氟乙酸的体积比为5:5:2.5:5:82.5;
和/或,步骤(2)中,所述纯化为HPLC纯化;所述HPLC纯化的条件为采用Newstyle反相半制备高效液相色谱分离系统;色谱柱Hedera ODS-2反相硅胶半制备柱;流动相A为0.3%醋酸水溶液,流动相B为ACN,梯度洗脱(0→30min:B 20%→40%);流速8ml/min;检测波长215nm,260nm。
本发明还提供了一种制备前述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物的方法,它包括如下步骤:
1)将药物与连接键溶于有机溶剂中,加入分子筛和三氟乙酸,在惰性气体条件下反应,得到药物衍生物;
2)将三(苄基三唑甲基)胺、药物衍生物与叠氮修饰的多肽溶于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂,在惰性气体条件下反应,即得。
进一步地,步骤1)中,所述有机溶剂为甲醇;
和/或,步骤2)中,所述有机溶剂为DMF与H2O的混合溶剂;所述DMF与H2O的体积为3:1;
和/或,步骤2)中,所述催化剂为CuSO4.5H2O和抗坏血酸钠;所述CuSO4.5H2O和抗坏血酸钠的摩尔比为1:1。
本发明还提供了前述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途;
优选地,所述肿瘤选自肺癌、尿道癌、大肠癌、前列腺腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胃肠道间质瘤、宫颈癌、食道癌、鳞状细胞癌、腹膜癌、肝癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、阴茎癌、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、浆细胞瘤、骨髓瘤或肉瘤。
本发明还提供了一种药物,它是以前述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的试剂。
PPA1多肽能与肿瘤细胞的PD-L1特异性高结合,但是尚未见利用PPA1多肽制备药物偶联物。这是因为PPA1多肽包括了很多活性基团,如羧基,羟基等,而小分子药物中经常包含氨基,羟基,羰基等,以通常用酯化,酰胺化反应不能有效用于该偶联合成;同时,由于多肽与药物连接后会改变各自的结构,得到的药物偶联物的生物活性是很难预期的。因此,利用PPA1多肽制备多肽药物偶联物存在一定困难。通过研究发现5氟尿嘧啶,常山酮,顺铂等药物均无法通过酸敏感连接键与PPA1连接,形成多肽-药物偶联物。
本发明将靶向多肽与多柔比星成功合成靶向多肽多柔比星药物偶联物,特别是将对PD-L1具有靶向作用的多肽PPA1与多柔比星成功合成了多肽药物偶联物。本发明酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物对肿瘤细胞具有优异的靶向作用,可以直接作用于肿瘤细胞,减少对正常组织的毒副作用;同时,该偶联物对酸性环境敏感,在中性环境下保持稳定,在酸性环境下可快速裂解释放DOX,因此该偶联物能够在正常组织中保持稳定,而在实体肿瘤组织中快速释放药物DOX,起到治疗作用。该偶联物特异靶向性和酸敏感性提高了多柔比星的抗肿瘤效果,并且对多柔比星产生耐药性能的肿瘤也有良好的抑制效果,与单独使用多柔比星和多肽相比,发挥了协同增效作用。此外,该偶联物克服了多柔比星毒副作用高的缺陷,具有更低的毒副作用,使用更加安全。并且,该偶联物合成步骤少,操作简单,能快速的积累原料,节省能源,成本低。本发明酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物为抗肿瘤提供了一种新的药物选择,具有良好的应用前景
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1为实施例2制备的PPA1-DOX偶联物在小鼠血清(pH=7.4)中和磷酸钠缓冲液(pH=5.0)中稳定性结果:A为PPA1-DOX偶联物在小鼠血清(pH=7.4)中0h、1h、4h、12h和24h的HPLC分析结果;B为PPA1-DOX偶联物在磷酸钠缓冲液(pH=5.0)中0.5h、1h、4h、12h、24h和48h的HPLC分析结果。
图2为实施例2制备的PPA1-DOX偶联物的抗肿瘤效果和毒副作用结果:a为各组小鼠肿瘤体积;b为各组小鼠的体重;c为各组小鼠的生存率;d为各组小鼠各器官的H&E染色结果。
图3为实施例2制备的PPA1-DOX偶联物的体内抗肿瘤效果:a1为各器官中RhB信号强度;b1为各组小鼠肿瘤体积;c1为各组小鼠的体重;d1为CD4和CD8染色结果。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
本发明实施例中涉及的部分缩写如表1所示。
表1.缩写及中文名称
实施例1、多肽的制备
多肽的合成采用经典的Fmoc固相合成方法,具体方法如下:
(1)在树脂上载第1个氨基酸:称取1g(0.35mmol)2-氯三苯基甲基氯树脂置于25mL反应瓶,真空干燥3h,加入10mL无水DCM洗涤,32℃搅拌0.5h后抽滤,得纯化后的树脂。将1.4mmol的叠氮修饰的D-Fmoc-赖氨酸和上述纯化后的树脂加入10mL无水DCM中,滴加3.15mmol(520μl)的DIEA,32℃搅拌3h,滴加0.14ml甲醇继续搅拌0.5h,抽滤,10ml DCM、DMF、MeOH依次洗涤树脂各5min,抽滤真空干燥,得载末端叠氮修饰的Fmoc-赖氨酸的树脂。
(2)顺序上载剩余氨基酸(采用以下方法依次在树脂上载氨基酸):上一步制备的树脂用10mL 30%哌啶的DMF溶液32℃搅拌0.5h,脱除Fmoc,茚三酮法监测反应进程,待反应完成后抽滤,用10mL DMF、异丙醇、DMF依次洗涤树脂各5min,抽滤,10mL DMF加入树脂中,加入1.05mmol的Fmoc–氨基酸(Fmoc-氨基酸根据多肽产物的氨基酸序列选择)、142mg 1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)、398mg苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU),滴加2.1mmol(347μl)的DIEA,32℃摇床反应2.5h。茚三酮法监测反应过程,反应完成后抽滤,用10mL DMF、异丙醇、DMF依次洗涤树脂各5min,抽干。重复以上过程,在树脂上载不同氨基酸,直至在树脂上合成目标多肽的叠氮修饰的氨基酸序列。
采用上述方法,仅改变氨基酸的种类,在树脂上分别合成下列叠氮修饰的多肽的氨基酸序列:
①末端叠氮修饰的多肽PPA1:nyskptdrqyhfk(2-Azido),其氨基酸序列为Asn-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Pro-Thr-Asp-Arg-Gln-Tyr-His-Phe-Lys,缩写为NYSKPTDRQYHFK(SEQ IDNO.1);
②末端叠氮修饰其他多肽:
氨基酸序列为Cys-Leu-Gln-Lys-Thr-Pro-Lys-Gln-Cys,缩写为CLQKTPKQC(SEQID NO.2);
氨基酸序列为Cys-Val-Arg-Ala-Arg-Thr-Arg,缩写为CVRARTR(SEQ ID NO.3);
氨基酸序列为Asn-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Pro-Thr-Asp-Arg-Gln-Tyr-His-Phe,缩写为NYSKPTDRQYHF(SEQ ID NO.4);
氨基酸序列为Ser-Gly-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Ser-Tyr-His-Cys-Trp-Cys-Trp-Arg-Asp-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ser-Lys,缩写为SGQYASYHCWCWRDPGR SGGSK(SEQ ID NO.5);
氨基酸序列为Phe-Pro-Asn-Trp-Ser-Leu-Arg-Pro-Met-Asn-Gln-Met,缩写为FPNWSLRPMNQM(SEQ ID NO.6);
③末端叠氮修饰的验证随机多肽RAN:rhtndysqfypk(2-Azido);其氨基酸序列为Arg-His-Thr-Asn-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Lys,缩写为RHTNDYSQFYPK(SEQ IDNO.7);
④末端叠氮修饰的罗丹明荧光染色PPA1多肽(RhB-PPA1):Rhodamine B-nyskptdrqyhfk(2-Azido);
⑤末端叠氮修饰的罗丹明荧光染色验证随机多肽RAN(RhB-RAN):Rhodamine B-rhtndysqfypk(2-Azido)。
(3)裂解(把多肽从树脂上洗下来):配制10mL裂解液(苯酚、乙二硫醇、苯甲硫醚、水、三氟乙酸的体积比为5﹕5﹕2.5﹕5﹕82.5),将按照步骤(2)所述方法制备得到的含目标多肽氨基酸序列的树脂和裂解液至于反应瓶,34℃搅拌3h,将反应液滤入100mL冷乙醚中,4000r/min离心5min,收集沉淀物,乙醚洗涤3次,离心收集沉淀物,氩气吹干,HPLC纯化,得到上述目标多肽。再使用HPLC分析检测纯度。
HPLC纯化条件:Newstyle反相半制备高效液相色谱分离系统;色谱柱Hedera ODS-2反相硅胶半制备柱(250mm×20mm,10μm);流动相A:0.3%醋酸水溶液,流动相B:乙腈(ACN),梯度洗脱(0→30min:B 20%→40%);流速8ml/min;检测波长215nm,260nm。
HPLC分析条件:仪器日本岛津公司Labsolutions;Aglilent C18柱(4.6×250毫米,5μm);使用梯度洗脱(流动相A:0.3%H3PO4水溶液,流动相B:ACN),洗脱梯度(0→20min:B5%→95%),流速1ml/min;检测波长215nm,260nm;柱温30℃。
实施例2、本发明多肽-多柔比星偶联物的制备
反应路线为
化合物2的合成
5-乙炔酸(2.00g,17.85mmol)溶于MeOH(30mL)中,分别加入DCC(3.67g,17.85mmol)和DMAP(2.40g,19.64mmol),室温下搅拌4h,减压过滤浓缩。加入0.05M的HCl10mL,乙酸乙酯(4x30ml)萃取。Na2SO4干燥有机相后,抽滤,减压除去有机相得到粗品。粗品经200~300目的硅胶柱层析纯化得到化合物2(1.98g,收率88%,MS:126),为无色油状物。
化合物3的合成
在室温下向化合物2(1.26g,10mmol)的EtOH(30mL)溶液中加入80%的水合肼水溶液(1ml)。然后将混合物在80℃下搅拌6h,真空蒸发溶液。将残渣溶解于乙酸乙酯中,先用柠檬酸洗涤3次再用饱和食盐水洗涤2次。Na2SO4干燥有机相后,抽滤,减压除去有机相得到粗品。粗品经200~300目的硅胶柱层析纯化得到化合物3(1.02g,收率81%,MS:126)黄色固体。
化合物4的合成
将盐酸多柔比星(1.56g,2.7mmol)和化合物3(0.38g,3.0mmol)溶于MeOH(30ml)中,氮气保护下放入少许4A分子筛搅拌后,滴入TFA(20μl)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌24h,减压除去溶剂,粗产物经柱层析纯化,得到化合物4(1.12g,收率64%,MS:651)红棕色固体。
化合物5的合成
将化合物4(65.1mg,0.1mmol),叠氮化物末端官能化肽nyskptdrqyhfk(2-Azido)(188.1mg,0.11mmol,实施例1制备的末端叠氮修饰的多肽PPA1)和三(苄基三唑甲基)胺(TATB)(10.6mg,0.02mmol)放入Schlenk管中,加入4mL DMF:H2O(v:v=3:1)。通过将氩气鼓泡10min使溶液脱气。将CuSO4.5H2O(5.0mg,0.02mmol)和抗坏血酸钠(4.0mg,0.02mmol)添加到Schlenk管中混合,混合物并通过将氩气鼓泡10min再次对该混合物脱气。Schlenk管充满了氩并在室温下搅拌4h。将溶液过滤并真空浓缩。所得的粗混合物经高效液相色谱(HPLC)纯化得到化合物5(95.9mg,收率43%)红棕色固体,即为多肽PPA1-多柔比星偶联物(PPA1-DOX偶联物)。
HPLC纯化条件:Newstyle反相半制备高效液相色谱分离系统;色谱柱Hedera ODS-2反相硅胶半制备柱(250mm×20mm,10μm);流动相A:0.3%醋酸水溶液,流动相B:ACN,梯度洗脱(0→30min:B 20%→40%);流速8ml/min;检测波长215nm。
实施例1中其他多肽和多柔比星制备多肽多柔比星偶联物的步骤同上。
HPLC分析条件:仪器日本岛津公司Labsolutions;Aglilent C18柱(4.6×250毫米,5μm);使用梯度洗脱(流动相A:0.3%H3PO4水溶液,流动相B:ACN),洗脱梯度(0→20min:B5%→95%),流速1ml/min;检测波长215nm;柱温30℃。
对比例1、其他多肽-药物偶联物的制备
按照实施例1所述的方法制备多肽PPA1,并分别按照实施例2~4所述方法选择常规酸敏感连接键将药物5氟尿嘧啶与多肽PPA1连接,发现5氟尿嘧啶无法通过酸敏感连接键与多肽PPA1连接形成多肽-药物偶联物。
对比例2、其他多肽-药物偶联物的制备
按照实施例1所述的方法制备多肽PPA1,并分别按照实施例2~4所述方法选择常规酸敏感连接键将药物常山酮与多肽PPA1连接,发现常山酮无法通过酸敏感连接键与多肽PPA1连接形成多肽-药物偶联物。
对比例3、其他多肽-药物偶联物的制备
按照实施例1所述的方法制备多肽PPA1,并分别按照实施例2~4所述方法选择常规酸敏感连接键将药物顺铂与多肽PPA1连接,发现顺铂无法通过酸敏感连接键与多肽PPA1连接形成多肽-药物偶联物。
由对比例1~3可知,并非所有药物都能通过酸敏感连接键与多肽PPA1连接形成多肽-药物偶联物。
以下通过具体试验例证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1、本发明多肽多柔比星偶联物酸敏感的裂解试验
按照实施例2方法制备两份纯度大于95%的PPA1-DOX偶联物(1mg)。将其中一份PPA1-DOX偶联物(1mg)溶解于2ml小鼠血清(pH=7.4)中,再将另一份PPA1-DOX偶联物(1mg)溶解于2ml磷酸钠缓冲液(pH=5.0)中,两份样品在37℃氮气保护下连续振荡,在不同时间段取样观察样品HPLC峰值的变化情况。
从检测到的数据(图1所示的HPLC图谱)可知:在PH=7.4的小鼠血清中PPA1-DOX偶联物的HPLC结果变化不大,表明PPA1-DOX多肽偶联物在接近中性的溶液中稳定存在;然而在弱酸环境下,即在PH=5.0的磷酸钠缓冲液中HPLC结果显示PPA1-DOX偶联物快速裂解为PPA1和DOX。说明本发明PPA1-DOX偶联物具有酸敏感性。
人正常组织周围一般为中性生理微环境,实体肿瘤组织周围一般为酸性微环境。上述结果表明:PPA1-DOX偶联物能够在正常组织中保持稳定,而在实体肿瘤组织中裂解,向肿瘤组织中释放药物DOX,起到治疗作用。
试验例2、本发明多肽多柔比星偶联物的抗肿瘤效果和毒副作用研究
细胞培养:小鼠结直肠癌细胞株CT26购自中国科学院上海细胞库。细胞保存在rmi-1640培养基中,添加10%胎牛血清,1%青霉素-链霉素,在37℃,5%CO2,95%湿度下孵育。细胞在T75培养瓶中培养,实验使用细胞密度高达80%的细胞,细胞系支原体阴性。
动物模型:6周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠左腋窝皮下接种5×106个CT26细胞。肿瘤体积达到约100mm3后随机分组,每组7只。小鼠饲养于深圳大学动物馆。动物实验程序已获得深圳大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。小鼠肿瘤体积达到预期大小(100mm3)后,注射药物,每天监测肿瘤大小和小鼠体重。在实验结束时,收集肿瘤和主要器官(心、肝、脾、肺、肾)进行免疫组织化学和/或组织学检查。
注射给药剂量:①药物DOX的给药剂量为9.2μmol/kg,②药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的给药剂量为76μmol/kg,③药物多肽PPA1的给药剂量为9.3μmol/kg,④实施例2制备的PPA1-DOX偶联物的给药剂量为8.9μmol/kg。腹腔注射小鼠,每周两次,共2周。从15天开始,没有再注射药物,因为注射了5-Fu和DOX的小鼠由于毒性变得非常虚弱。
同时,由于DOX可在不同患者中引起多器官毒性,包括累积和剂量依赖性心脏毒性,因此评估了体内PPA1-DOX偶联物的毒性。首先,按照上述方法在小鼠皮下注射CT26细胞,造模成功后(肿瘤体积达到约100mm3),将荷瘤小鼠分成五组,其中四组对荷瘤小鼠按照上述给药剂量分别给药,另一组为模型对照组,给同等剂量的生理盐水。给药10天后每天测量荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤大小和体重。
结果表明:5-Fu、PPA1和PPA1-DOX偶联物组在第10天后均表现出抑制肿瘤的作用,其中以PPA1-DOX偶联物的抑制效果最好(图2a)。然而,DOX并没有达到令人满意的肿瘤生长抑制效果,这可能与DOX对结肠癌的耐药有关。另外,DOX和5-Fu治疗组在第7天后体重明显下降,说明化疗药物可能引起潜在的系统毒性。相比之下,PPA1和PPA1-DOX偶联物组的体重没有显著下降(图2b),说明PPA1-DOX偶联物克服了DOX毒性大的问题,增加了药物的安全性。
接下来,评估了不同的治疗药物对荷瘤小鼠生存的影响。研究发现(图2c):DOX对小鼠有严重的副作用,受DOX治疗的小鼠存活时间很短,5-Fu和PPA1的副作用较低,荷瘤小鼠生存率有所提高,PPA1-DOX偶联物最优,对荷瘤小鼠的生存率显著高于5-Fu和PPA1组。
最后用H&E染色进行组织学分析,评估其对主要器官的体内毒性。化疗组(DOX和5-Fu)心脏、肝脏和肾脏的H&E染色切片均出现严重损伤(图2d)。心脏损伤后可见胞浆空泡化和肌原纤维的消失。肝损伤时,观察到肝索丢失、轻度脂肪变性和血窦扩张。相比之下,PPA1-DOX偶联物和游离PPA1对荷瘤小鼠主要器官的毒性较低,基本没有毒性。
试验结果说明:PPA1-DOX偶联物可以显著抑制肿瘤生长,具有良好的抗肿瘤效果,且效果优于单独使用DOX和PPA1,以及其他抗肿瘤药物,并且PPA1-DOX克服了DOX对结肠癌的耐药性,对抗肿瘤发挥了协同增效作用;此外,PPA1-DOX偶联物在体内具有低毒性,可以克服DOX高毒副作用的缺陷,保证生存质量。
试验例3、本发明多肽多柔比星偶联物靶向抗肿瘤效果
细胞培养:小鼠结直肠癌细胞株CT26购自中国科学院上海细胞库。细胞保存在rmi-1640培养基中,添加10%胎牛血清,1%青霉素-链霉素,在37℃,5%CO2,95%湿度下孵育。细胞在T75培养瓶中培养,实验使用细胞密度高达80%的细胞,细胞系支原体阴性。
动物模型:6周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠左腋窝皮下接种5×106个CT26细胞。肿瘤达到约100mm3后随机分组,每组6只。小鼠肿瘤达到预期大小(100mm3)后,注射药物,在实验设计时间点,监测肿瘤大小和小鼠体重,收集肿瘤和主要器官(心、肝、脾、肺、肾),并进行荧光强度分析。
注射给药剂量:①药物RAN(实施例1制备的多肽RAN)的给药剂量为20mg/kg;②RAN-DOX偶联物(按照实施例2所述方法,将多肽RAN和DOX偶联)的给药剂量为20mg/kg;③药物PPA1(实施例1制备的多肽PPA1)的给药剂量为20mg/kg;④PPA1-DOX偶联物(按照实施例2所述方法,将多肽PPA1和DOX偶联)的给药剂量为20mg/kg;⑤生理盐水对照组为给予同等剂量的生理盐水;⑥药物DOX的给药剂量为5mg/kg,⑦药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的给药剂量为10mg/kg。
为了测试PPA1-DOX偶联物对肿瘤靶向的特异性,合成了RhB-PPA1-DOX偶联物(PPA1-DOX荧光,按照实施例2所述的方法将RhB-PPA1和DOX偶联)和RhB-RAN-DOX偶联物(随机多肽-DOX荧光,按照实施例2所述的方法将RhB-RAN和DOX偶联),然后在尾静脉注射(注射剂量为20mg/kg)24h后,评估偶联物在CT26荷瘤小鼠体内的荧光信号强度。
结果显示,RhB-PPA1-DOX组肿瘤组织中RhB信号明显高于RhB-RAN-DOX组肿瘤组织中RhB信号(图3a1中RAN-DOX-RhB为RhB-RAN-DOX,PPA1-DOX-RhB为RhB-PPA1-DOX),可见PPA1-DOX偶联物具有显著的肿瘤特异性靶向作用,其靶向作用明显优于RAN-DOX偶联物。PPA1-DOX偶联物对肿瘤的特异性靶向作用使其比RAN-DOX偶联物更能有效抑制肿瘤生长(图3b1)。
此外,在肝脏组织中,RhB-PPA1-DOX组的RhB信号明显低于RhB-RAN-DOX组(图3a1)。图3c1中,RAN-DOX组小鼠体重显著下降,RAN-DOX偶联物表现出与DOX相似的毒副作用,而PPA1-DOX偶联物的毒副作用显著小于RAN-DOX偶联物。。
为了评估PPA1-DOX偶联物治疗后的免疫反应,进行了CD4和CD8染色,结果如图3d1所示,由图3d1可知PPA1-DOX组CD4和CD8细胞数量显著增加,说明PPA1-DOX偶联物可以招募免疫细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞,效果优异。
综上,本发明将靶向多肽与多柔比星成功合成靶向多肽多柔比星药物偶联物,特别是将对PD-L1具有靶向作用的多肽PPA1与多柔比星成功合成了多肽药物偶联物。本发明酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物对肿瘤细胞具有优异的靶向作用,可以直接作用于肿瘤细胞,减少对正常组织的毒副作用;同时,该偶联物对酸性环境敏感,在中性环境下保持稳定,在酸性环境下可快速裂解释放DOX,因此该偶联物能够在正常组织中保持稳定,而在实体肿瘤组织中快速释放药物DOX,起到治疗作用。该偶联物特异靶向性和酸敏感性提高了多柔比星的抗肿瘤效果,并且对多柔比星产生耐药性能的肿瘤也有良好的抑制效果,与单独使用多柔比星和多肽相比,发挥了协同增效作用。此外,该偶联物克服了多柔比星毒副作用高的缺陷,具有更低的毒副作用,使用更加安全。并且,该偶联物合成步骤少,操作简单,能快速的积累原料,节省能源,成本低。本发明酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物为抗肿瘤提供了一种新的药物选择,具有良好的应用前景。
SEQUENCE LISTING
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Claims (8)
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物,其特征在于:所述叠氮修饰的多肽的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)采用Fmoc固相合成方法,在树脂上合成叠氮修饰的目标氨基酸序列;
(2)将含目标氨基酸序列的树脂在裂解液中裂解,使末端叠氮修饰的氨基酸序列从树脂上洗脱下来,纯化后得目标氨基酸序列。
4.根据权利要求3所述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述Fmoc固相合成方法包括如下步骤:
A.将叠氮修饰的Fmoc-氨基酸和树脂加入无水DCM中,加入DIEA、甲醇,反应后即得载末端叠氮修饰的Fmoc-氨基酸的树脂;
B.将上述树脂用含30%哌啶的DMF溶液脱除Fmoc,根据氨基酸序列加入Fmoc-氨基酸、1-羟基苯并三唑、苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、DIEA反应,将第二个氨基酸接枝在树脂上;
C.重复步骤B的方法,在树脂上合成目标氨基酸序列。
5.根据权利要求3所述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述树脂为2-氯三苯基甲基氯树脂;
和/或,步骤(2)中,所述裂解液由苯酚、乙二硫醇、苯甲硫醚、水和三氟乙酸组成;所述苯酚、乙二硫醇、苯甲硫醚、水和三氟乙酸的体积比为5:5:2.5:5:82.5;
和/或,步骤(2)中,所述纯化为HPLC纯化。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于:所述肿瘤选自肺癌、尿道癌、大肠癌、前列腺腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胃肠道间质瘤、宫颈癌、食道癌、鳞状细胞癌、腹膜癌、肝癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、阴茎癌、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、浆细胞瘤、骨髓瘤或肉瘤。
8.一种药物,其特征在于:它是以权利要求1~5任一项所述的酸敏感靶多肽多柔比星偶联物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的试剂。
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