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WO2020233174A1 - 一种抗体药物偶联物中间体的一锅法制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种抗体药物偶联物中间体的一锅法制备工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020233174A1
WO2020233174A1 PCT/CN2020/074987 CN2020074987W WO2020233174A1 WO 2020233174 A1 WO2020233174 A1 WO 2020233174A1 CN 2020074987 W CN2020074987 W CN 2020074987W WO 2020233174 A1 WO2020233174 A1 WO 2020233174A1
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pab
cit
val
maa
preparation process
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PCT/CN2020/074987
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English (en)
French (fr)
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于昭兴
李新芳
蓝明超
毛新洁
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烟台迈百瑞国际生物医药有限公司
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Priority to CN202010497840.9A priority Critical patent/CN111620927B/zh
Priority to KR1020207018433A priority patent/KR102440763B1/ko
Priority to EP20733678.5A priority patent/EP3760233B1/en
Priority to US15/733,309 priority patent/US11717575B2/en
Priority to RU2020121175A priority patent/RU2745738C1/ru
Priority to JP2020535962A priority patent/JP7167163B2/ja
Priority to AU2020204250A priority patent/AU2020204250B2/en
Priority to CA3085001A priority patent/CA3085001C/en
Priority to CN202080000544.1A priority patent/CN111670053B/zh
Publication of WO2020233174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233174A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/68031—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being an auristatin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/68037—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a camptothecin [CPT] or derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
    • A61K47/6809—Antibiotics, e.g. antitumor antibiotics anthracyclins, adriamycin, doxorubicin or daunomycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antibody drug conjugates, in particular to a one-pot preparation process of an antibody drug conjugate intermediate (ie, a linker part-drug part conjugate).
  • an antibody drug conjugate intermediate ie, a linker part-drug part conjugate
  • Antibody drug conjugate is a class of anti-tumor drugs, which includes three components: antibody part (Antibody), linker part (Linker) and drug part (Drug), in which the antibody part and The drug part is connected by a linker part, and its mechanism of action is to use the targeting of antibodies to target the drug to target cells (such as tumor cells) and release the drug to achieve the purpose of killing tumor cells.
  • the most commonly used method for synthesizing antibody drug conjugates is to covalently link the linker part and the drug part in the liquid phase to form a linker-drug conjugate, and then couple with the antibody sulfhydryl or amino group to form the antibody drug conjugate .
  • the Chinese patent with publication number CN107427591A discloses in detail the general synthesis method of linker-drug conjugates (page 34 of the specification and pages 47-48 of the specification) (as shown in Figure 1).
  • the above general synthesis methods are divided into :
  • the first step is to dissolve the linker containing the free benzyl alcohol group in an appropriate solvent, add bis(p-nitrophenyl) carbonate and diisopropylethylamine to the reaction system, and react for several hours
  • the intermediate product is extracted and purified
  • the second step is to dissolve the above-mentioned intermediate product and the drug part containing free amino groups in an appropriate solvent, add 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and pyridine, and react for a few hours to remove the solvent under reduced pressure.
  • the linker-drug conjugate can be obtained.
  • the intermediates need to be extracted and purified, which will affect the final reaction yield.
  • the above preparation process has the inevitable defects of multi-system reaction during production, that is, the reaction liquid in multiple steps needs to be concentrated, washed, filtered, processed organic waste liquid, and the first step intermediates are packaged and stored. , Which not only increases the cost of production consumables, labor, equipment, and site, but also generates more production waste liquid, which increases the overall production cost and production time.
  • the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN107921030A also discloses a variety of linkers that can be covalently connected to the antibody in a bridging coupling manner. It discloses on page 42 of the specification an antibody-drug conjugate as shown below Body (Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE) (where Py is 1,3,5-triacryloyl hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, and its CAS is 959-52-4, which can Purchased from Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing Kangmanlin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
  • the process is to first couple Val-Cit-PAB and the drug part (MMAD) together to form a Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD conjugate, then purify the target product and then react with Py-MAA to generate an antibody drug conjugate Intermediate Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD.
  • Multi-system synthesis is also used, and because the drug part (such as MMAD/MMAE or MMAF, etc.) connected in the antibody drug conjugate is in the early stage of the reaction (MMAD is added as a reactant to the reaction system when Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD is generated) It is not the last step to participate in the ligation reaction, which leads to higher feed loss of the drug production part (such as MMAD/MMAE or MMAF, etc.) through the above process, because the drug part (such as MMAD/MMAE or MMAF, etc.) connected in the antibody drug conjugate The price of) is usually more expensive, so the production cost is greatly increased.
  • the present invention provides a "one-pot method” method for preparing antibody drug conjugate intermediates (ie, linker-drug conjugates).
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing an antibody-drug conjugate intermediate comprising a linker part and a drug part
  • the antibody-drug conjugate intermediate is Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-D Or MC-Val-Cit-PAB-D
  • the linker part Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB or MC-Val-Cit-PAB is the linker part
  • D in the intermediate represents the connected drug part
  • the connected drug moiety contains a free amino group, which is characterized by including the following reaction route:
  • the preparation process is a one-pot method, and both reactions are carried out in one system.
  • the preparation process is: Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH or MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH and two (p-nitrobenzene) carbonate (NPC) in the presence of organic base Contact reaction under conditions, after the reaction is over, add organic base directly in the same reaction system, and add 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and the drug part D for reaction.
  • NPC p-nitrobenzene
  • the drug part D is auristatin (auristatin) cytotoxic agent, anthramycin (Anthramycin) cytotoxic agent, anthracycline (anthracycline) cytotoxic agent or puromycin (puromycin) cell Toxic agent, camptothecin analogue.
  • auristatin auristatin
  • anthramycin Anthramycin
  • anthracycline anthracycline
  • puromycin puromycin
  • the cytotoxic agent of the auristatin type is MMAE, MMAF, MMAD or derivatives thereof; the cytotoxic agent of the auristatin type is antoxomycin or its derivatives
  • the anthracycline (anthracycline) cytotoxic agent is daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone or derivatives thereof; the puromycin (puromycin )
  • the cytotoxic agent is purine toxin or its derivative; the camptothecin analogue is DX8951 (Isinotecan) or its derivative.
  • the organic base 1 and the organic base 2 are each independently one or more of N,N diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, and pyridine; preferably, the organic base 1, the organic base The base 2 is each independently one or both of N,N diisopropylethylamine and pyridine.
  • the triazole catalyst is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-1H-1,2,3-triazole- One or more of ethyl 4-carboxylate, preferably 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
  • reaction temperature of the aforementioned reaction is about 15-35°C, and further, the reaction temperature may be 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 35°C.
  • the "one-pot method" provided by the present invention provides a preparation process for preparing antibody drug conjugate intermediates.
  • the operation is simple, and the intermediate process does not require the concentration, washing, filtering, and organic
  • the next step of the reaction is directly carried out in the same system.
  • the entire reaction system is only subjected to one separation and purification treatment, which saves production
  • the cost of consumables, labor, equipment, site, and raw materials also greatly reduces the production waste liquid, reduces production costs, and improves production efficiency.
  • the connected drug part is added in the final reaction link, which effectively reduces the loss of the drug part (such as MMAD, MMAE or MMAF, DX8951, etc.). Therefore, the "one-pot method" provided by the present invention for preparing antibody drug conjugate intermediates is more suitable for scale-up production.
  • Figure 1 shows the method for preparing linker-drug conjugates disclosed on page 34 and pages 47-48 of the Chinese patent specification with publication number CN107427591A.
  • antibody-drug conjugate refers to a compound in which the antibody/antibody functional fragment, linker, and drug part are linked together through a chemical reaction. Its structure usually consists of three parts: antibody or antibody-like ligand, The drug part, and the linker that couples the antibody or antibody-like ligand to the drug.
  • the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates is usually divided into two steps: the first step is to form a "linker-drug" conjugate by chemical reaction between the linker and the drug part, and the second step is to couple the "linker-drug"
  • the linker part in the conjugate is covalently coupled to the antibody/antibody functional fragment through a sulfhydryl group or an amino group.
  • antibody-drug conjugate intermediate used in the present invention refers to the above-mentioned “linker-drug” conjugate. Further, the “antibody-drug conjugate intermediate” referred to in the present invention generally refers to those The linker and the drug form a "linker-drug” conjugate coupled together by a "-CO-NH-” bond through amine transesterification.
  • linker and “linker part” used in the present invention refer to the part that connects the antibody and the drug in the antibody-drug coupling, which may be cleavable or non-cleavable.
  • a cleavable linker ie, a cleavable linker or a biodegradable linker
  • the linker of the present invention is selected from cleavable linkers, such as disulfide-based linkers (which are selectively cleaved in tumor cells with higher sulfhydryl concentration), peptide linkers (which are Enzymes in the cell cut), hydrazone linker.
  • the linker of the present invention is selected from non-cleavable linkers (ie, non-cleavable linkers), such as thioether linkers.
  • the linker of the present invention is a combination of a cleavable linker and a non-cleavable linker.
  • drug and “drug moiety” used in the present invention generally refer to any compound that has the desired biological activity and has a reactive functional group to prepare the conjugate of the present invention.
  • the desired biological activity includes diagnosis, cure, alleviation, treatment, and prevention of human or other animal diseases.
  • these new drugs should also be included in the drugs of the present invention.
  • the drugs include, but are not limited to, cytotoxic drugs, cell differentiation factors, stem cell nutritional factors, steroid drugs, drugs for treating autoimmune diseases, anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs for infectious diseases. More specifically, the drugs include but are not limited to tubulin inhibitors or DNA or RNA damaging agents.
  • Step 2 Prepare Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951
  • the one-pot method for preparing Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 has a final product yield of 37.1% when the main raw materials are the same.
  • the two-step method for preparing Py-MAA-Val- The final product yield of Cit-PAB-DX8951 is 23.74%.
  • the final product yield of Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 prepared by one-pot method is much greater than that of Py-MAA-Val- prepared by two-step method.
  • the final product yield of Cit-PAB-DX8951 is much greater than that of Py-MAA-Val- prepared by two-step method.
  • Step 1 Preparation of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate
  • Step 2 Prepare MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD
  • Step 1 Preparation of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate
  • Step 2 Preparation of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951
  • the final product yield of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 prepared by one-pot method is 38.4% when the main raw materials are the same.
  • the two-step method prepares MC-Val-Cit-PAB-
  • the final product yield of DX8951 is 23.99%.
  • the final product yield of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 prepared by the one-pot method is far greater than the final product prepared by the two-step method MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 Yield.
  • Step 1 Preparation of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate
  • Step 2 Prepare MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE
  • the final product yield of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE prepared by the one-pot method is 46.5%; the two-step method prepares MC-Val-Cit-PAB- The final product yield of MMAE is 24.99%.
  • the final product yield of MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE prepared by the one-pot method is far greater than the final product prepared by the two-step method for MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE Yield.
  • the relative value of the increase in yield (the total yield of "one-pot method”-the total yield of "two-step method")/the total yield of "two-step method”;
  • the one-step preparation process provided by the present invention only needs to react in the same reaction system, while the traditional preparation process needs to react in two reaction systems (ie Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB- PNP is extracted and then put into the reaction), which requires the use of organic reagents (ethyl acetate and petroleum ether, etc.) and equipment (for concentration) and a new reaction vessel (for the next step of the reaction), which undoubtedly brings to the synthesis process
  • organic reagents ethyl acetate and petroleum ether, etc.
  • equipment for concentration
  • a new reaction vessel for the next step of the reaction

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Abstract

一种"一锅法"制备抗体药物偶联物中间体的方法，制备工艺是将Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH与二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯在有机碱存在的条件下接触反应，待反应结束后，向反应体系中补充加入有机碱，1-羟基苯并三唑和药物部分D进行反应即得。整个反应体系仅进行一次分离纯化处理，无需进行中间反应液的浓缩、洗涤、有机废液的处理以及中间体的包装贮存等步骤，且具有更高的收率。

Description

一种抗体药物偶联物中间体的一锅法制备工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及抗体药物偶联物领域，具体涉及一种抗体药物偶联物中间体(即连接子部分-药物部分偶联物)的一锅法制备工艺。
背景技术
抗体药物偶联物(Antibody drug conjugate，简称ADC)是一类抗肿瘤药物，其包括三个组成部分：抗体部分(Antibody)、连接子部分(Linker)和药物部分(Drug)，其中抗体部分和药物部分通过连接子部分相连，其作用机制是运用抗体的靶向性将药物靶向运输到靶细胞(如肿瘤细胞)后释放药物实现杀伤肿瘤细胞的目的。
目前合成抗体药物偶联物最常用的方法是将连接子部分和药物部分在液相中共价连接形成连接子-药物偶联物，之后再与抗体进行巯基或氨基偶联形成抗体药物偶联物。公开号为CN107427591A的中国专利详细的公开了连接子-药物偶联物通用的合成方法(说明书第34页以及说明书第47-48页)(如附图1所示)，上述通用合成方法分为：第一步是将含有游离苄醇基团的连接子溶解在适当的溶剂中，向反应体系中添加二(对硝基苯基)碳酸酯和二异丙基乙基胺，反应数小时后将中间产物提取纯化；第二步是将上述中间产物、含有游离氨基基团的药物部分溶解在适当的溶剂中，加入1-羟基苯并三唑和吡啶，反应数小时后减压除溶剂，即可获得连接子-药物偶联物。
由于上述两步法反应体系中，中间体需要进行提取纯化，会影响最终的反应收率。除此之外，上述制备工艺在生产时存在多体系反应时的必然缺陷，即需要对多个步骤中的反应液浓缩、洗涤、过滤、处理有机废液以及第一步中间体的包装贮存等，既增加了生产耗材、人工、设备、场地等成本，也产生了更多的生产废液，使得整体生产成本及生产时间增加。
在公开号为CN107921030A的中国专利申请中还公开了多种能够与抗体以桥接偶联方式共价连接的连接子，其在说明书第42页公开了一种如下所示的抗体药物偶联物中间体(Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE)(其中，Py为1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪，其CAS为959-52-4，可购自百灵 威科技有限公司、南京康满林化工实业有限公司)。
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000001
此外，在该专利申请第32页中还公开了一种药物部分是MMAD(Demethyldolastatin 10)的抗体药物偶联物中间体(Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD)的制备工艺：
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000002
该工艺是先将Val-Cit-PAB与药物部分(MMAD)偶联在一起形成Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD偶联物后，纯化获得目的产物后再与Py-MAA反应生成抗体药物偶联物中间体Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD。同样采用多体系合成，并且由于抗体药物偶联物中连接的药物部分(例如MMAD/MMAE或MMAF等)在反应的前期(MMAD在生成Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD时作为反应物加入反应体系)而不是最后一步参与连接反应，因此导致通过上述工艺的生产药物部分(例如MMAD/MMAE或MMAF等)投料损耗较高，由于抗体药物偶联物中连接的药物部分(例如MMAD/MMAE或MMAF等)的价格通常都比较昂贵，因此也极大地提高了生产成本。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种“一锅法”制备抗体药物偶联物中间体(即连接子-药物偶联物)的方法。
具体的，本发明提供了一种包含连接子部分和药物部分的抗体药物偶联物中间体的制备工艺，所述的抗体药物偶联物中间体为Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-D或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-D，所述中间体中Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB或MC-Val-Cit-PAB为连接子部分，所述中间体中D代表连接的药物部分，所述连接的药物部分含有游离的氨基基团，其特征在于，包括以下反应路线：
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000003
或
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000004
所述制备工艺为一锅法，两步反应均在一个体系中进行。
进一步的，所述的制备工艺为：将Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH或 MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH与二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC)在有机碱存在的条件下接触反应，待反应结束后，在同一个反应体系中直接补充加入有机碱，并加入1-羟基苯并三唑及所述的药物部分D进行反应。
进一步的，所述的药物部分D为奥瑞他汀(auristatin)类细胞毒性剂、安曲霉素(Anthramycin)类细胞毒性剂、蒽环(anthracycline)类细胞毒性剂或嘌呤霉素(puromycin)细胞毒性剂、喜树碱类似物。
进一步的，所述的奥瑞他汀(auristatin)类细胞毒性剂为MMAE、MMAF、MMAD或其衍生物；所述的安曲霉素(Anthramycin)类细胞毒性剂为安曲霉素或其衍生物；所述的蒽环(anthracycline)类细胞毒性剂为柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、伊达比星、米托蒽醌或其衍生物；所述的嘌呤霉素(puromycin)细胞毒性剂为嘌呤毒素或其衍生物；所述的喜树碱类似物为DX8951(依喜替康)或其衍生物。
进一步的，所述的Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-D或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-D的结构如示(1-22)所示：
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000010
进一步的，所述的有机碱1、有机碱2各自独立地为N，N二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、吡啶的一种或几种；优选的，所述的有机碱1、有机碱2各自独立地为N，N二异丙基乙胺、吡啶的一种或两种。
进一步的，所述的三氮唑类催化剂为1-羟基苯并三氮唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯的一种或几种，优选为1-羟基苯并三氮唑。
进一步的，上述所述反应的反应温度约为15－35℃，进一步地，反应温度可以为15，16，17，18，19，20，21，22，23，24，25，26，27，28，29，30，31，32，33，34或35℃。
上述任一项所述的方法在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
上述任一项所述的方法在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
相较于传统的两步法反应体系，本发明提供的“一锅法”制备抗体药物偶联物中间体的制备工艺，操作简单，中间过程无需进行中间反应液的浓缩、洗涤、过滤、有机废液的处理以及中间体的包装贮存等步骤，而是在第一步反应结束后，直接在相同体系中，进行下一步的反应操作，整个反应体系仅仅进行一次分离纯化处理，既节省了生产耗材、人工、设备、场地、原料等成本，也大大降低了产生的生产废液，降低了生产成本，提高了生产效率。并且在反应过程中，连接的药物部分在最后的反应环节进行加入，有效了降低了药物部分(例如MMAD、MMAE或MMAF、DX8951等)投料的损耗。因此，本发明提供的“一锅法”制备抗体药物偶联物中间体的制备工艺更适用于放大生产。
附图说明
图1显示了公开号为CN107427591A的中国专利说明书第34页以及说明书第47-48页公开的制备连接子-药物偶联物的方法。
具体实施方式
缩写
除非另有说明，本发明使用的所有缩写具有本领域普通技术人员所理解的相同含义。如本发明所用，常用的缩写及其定义如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000013
定义
除非另有定义，本发明使用的所有科技术语具有本领域普通技术人员所理解的相同含义。
本发明所使用的术语“抗体药物偶联物”表示抗体/抗体功能性片段、 连接子、药物部分经过化学反应连接在一起的化合物，其结构通常由三部分组成：抗体或抗体类配体、药物部分、以及将抗体或抗体类配体及药物偶联起来的连接子(linker)。目前抗体药物偶联物的制备通常分为两步：第一步是将连接子与药物部分通过化学反应形成“连接子-药物”偶联物，第二步是将“连接子-药物”偶联物中的连接子部分与抗体/抗体功能性片段通过巯基或者氨基共价偶合在一起。本发明所使用的术语“抗体药物偶联物中间体”是指上述所述的“连接子-药物”偶联物，进一步的，本发明涉及的“抗体药物偶联物中间体”泛指那些连接子和药物之间通过胺酯交换形成“-CO-NH-”键偶合在一起的“连接子-药物”偶联物。
本发明所使用的术语“连接子”以及“连接子部分”是指抗体药物偶联中将抗体与药物相连接的部分，其可以是可切割的或者不可切割的。可切割的连接子(即可断裂的连接子或生物可降解连接子)可以在靶标细胞内或其上断裂，从而释放药物。在一些实施方案中，本发明的连接子选自可切割的连接子，例如基于二硫化物的连接子(其在巯基浓度更高的肿瘤细胞中选择性断裂)、肽连接子(其被肿瘤细胞中的酶所切割)、腙连接子。在另一些实施方案中，本发明的接头选自不可切割的连接子(即不可断裂的连接子)，例如硫醚连接子。在又一些实施方案中，本发明的连接子为可断裂连接子与不可断裂连接子的组合。
本发明所使用的术语“药物”以及“药物部分”泛指任何具有期望的生物活性，并具有反应性官能团以便制备本发明所述偶联物的化合物。期望的生物活性包括诊断、治愈、缓解、治疗、预防人或其它动物的疾病。随着新型药物不断被发现和发展，这些新药也应纳入本发明所述的药物中。具体的，所述的药物包括但不限于细胞毒性药物、细胞分化因子、干细胞营养因子、类固醇类药物、治疗自身免疫疾病的药物、抗炎症药物或传染性疾病的药物。更具体的，所述的药物包括但不限于微管蛋白抑制剂或者DNA、RNA损伤剂。
实施例
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步非限制性的详细说明。需要指出的是，下述实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让本领域技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
通用制备方法：Py-MAA-Val-Cit–PAB-OH的制备：
(1)Py-MAA的制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000014
将化合物Py(1.87g,7.51mmol)和Et 3N(104μL,0.75mmol)溶于无水CH 2Cl 2(40mL)，逐滴加入巯基乙酸(103.9μL,1.50mmol)的CH 2Cl 2(40mL)溶液；滴加完毕后，将体系升至室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后，真空去除溶剂，粗产品通过柱层析纯化得到白色固体Py-MAA(1.87g)。
(2)Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH的制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000015
将化合物Py-MAA(10.00g，29.33mmol)置于四氢呋喃(200mL)中，加入N'N-羰基二咪唑(7.13g，44.00mmol)，Val-Cit-PAB-OH(13.34g，35.20mmol)，室温搅拌24小时。加入石油醚(200mL)，搅拌0.5小时，过滤，得到白色固体。白色固体用制备型高效液相进行纯化，制备液减压旋蒸后得到Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(6.67g，白色固体粉末)。
实施例1 Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000016
向三口圆底烧瓶中依次加入Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(1.8g，1.0eq)和DMF(40mL)，搅拌至溶解后，加入NPC(882mg，1.1eq)，DIPEA(336mg，1.0eq)，24±2℃下搅拌24小时。然后向反应液中依次加入 DIPEA(672mg，2.0eq)、吡啶(2.3mL)、HoBt(351mg，1.0eq)和MMAE(1.7g，0.9eq)，24±2℃下继续反应48小时，制备液相纯化得产物Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE(1.9g)，纯度99.84％，收率51.3％【计算公式：收率＝Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE产量÷(Py-MAA-Val-Cit–PAB-OH用量÷702.8×1446.8)×100％】。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000017
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(40mL)、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(1.8g，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，882mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(336mg，1.0eq.)，24±2℃反应24小时。向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯(mL)，滴加石油醚(mL)，20分钟滴加完，继续搅拌10min，过滤；然后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚各洗三次；旋干，得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(1.6g)，收率72.1％，纯度：86％。
第二步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000018
向反应瓶中加入Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(1.5g)，1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，234mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(30mL)、MMAE(1.1g，0.9eq.)、吡啶(1.5mL)和DIPEA(447mg，2.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE(1.3g)，收率52％，纯度：99％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率为51.3％；两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率为37.49％，经比较，一锅法制 备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率。
实施例2 Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000019
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，95mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(36mg，1.0eq.)，24±2℃反应24小时，向反应瓶中加入1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，38mg，1.0eq.)、MMAD(197mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(248μL)和DIPEA(73mg，2.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD(208mg)，收率：48.7％，纯度：99％。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000020
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，95mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(36mg，1.0eq.)，24±2℃反应24小时。向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯(6mL)，滴加石油醚(12mL)，20分钟滴加完，继续搅拌10min，过滤；然后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚各洗三次。旋干，得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(170mg)，收率：68.8％，纯度：86％。
第二步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000021
向反应瓶中加入Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(170mg)，1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，27mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(4mL)、MMAD(139mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(174μL)和DIPEA(52mg，2.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD(139mg)，收率：47.3％，纯度：99％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率为48.7％；两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率为32.54％，经比较，一锅法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率。
实施例3 Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000022
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，95mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(36mg，1.0eq.)。24±2℃反应24小时，加入1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，38mg，1.0eq.)、DX8951(136mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(248μL)和DIPEA(110mg，3.0eq)，24±2℃继续反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951(123mg)，收率：37.1％，纯度：97％。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000023
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，95mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(36mg，1.0eq.)，24±2℃反应24小时。向反应液中加入乙酸乙酯(6mL)，滴加石油醚(12mL)，20分钟滴加完，继续搅拌10min，过滤；然后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚各洗三次；旋干，得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(176mg)，收率：71.3％，纯度：86％。
第二步：制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000024
向反应瓶中加入Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(170mg)，1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，27mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(4mL)、DX8951(96mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(174μL)和DIPEA(78mg，3.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951(76mg)，收率：33.3％，纯度：97％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率为37.1％；两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率为23.74％，经比较，一锅法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率。
实施例4 Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000025
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，116mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq.)，24±2℃反应18小时，加入1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，47mg，1.0eq.)、MMAD(242mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(304μL)和DIPEA(90mg，2.0eq)，24±2℃继续反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD(228mg)，收率：47.7％，纯度：99％。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000026
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，116mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq.)。24±2℃反应18小时，加入乙酸乙酯(6mL)，滴加石油醚(12mL)，20分钟滴加完，继续搅拌10min，过滤；然后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚各洗三次。旋干，得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(177mg)，收率：68.6％，纯度：90％。
第二步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000027
向反应瓶中加入第一步所得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(170mg)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，31mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(4mL)、MMAD(160mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(200μL)和DIPEA(59mg，2.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD(156mg)，收率：49.4％，纯度：99％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率为47.7％；两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率为33.88％，经比较，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD的最终产品收率。
实施例5 Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000028
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，116mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq.)。24±2℃反应18小时，加入1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，47mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(4mL)、DX8951(167mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(304μL)和DIPEA(135mg，3.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951(139mg)，收率：38.4％，纯度：97％。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000029
向反应瓶中，加入DMF(4mL)、MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq.)，搅拌溶解后加入二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC，116mg，1.1eq.)和DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq.)。24±2℃反应18小时，加入乙酸乙酯(6mL)，滴加石油醚(12mL)，20分钟滴加完，继续搅拌10min，过滤；然后用乙酸乙酯和石油醚各洗三次，旋干，得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(174mg)，收率：67.4％，纯度：90％。
第二步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000030
向反应瓶中加入MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(170mg)，1-羟基苯并三唑(HoBt，31mg，1.0eq.)、DMF(4mL)、DX8951(110mg，0.9eq.)、吡啶(200μL)和DIPEA(89mg，3.0eq)，24±2℃反应48小时，旋干，用HPLC制备得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951(85mg)，收率：35.6％，纯度：97％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率为38.4％；两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率为23.99％，经比较，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951的最终产品收率。
实施例6 Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的制备
(1)“一锅法”制备
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000031
向三口圆底烧瓶中依次加入MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(CASNo.:159857-80-4)(200mg，1.0eq)和DMF(4mL)，室温搅拌至溶解后，加入NPC(117mg，1.1eq)，DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq)，24±2℃下搅拌18小时。然后向上述反应液中依次加入DIPEA(90mg，2.0eq)、吡啶(0.3mL，V吡啶/VDIPEA＝2.5)、HoBt(47mg，1.0eq)和MMAE(251mg，1.0eq)，24±2℃下继续反应48小时，制备液相纯化得产物MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE(214mg)，纯度99.45％，收率46.5％【计算公式：收率＝MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE产量÷(MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH用量÷572.7×1316.6)×100％】。
(2)“两步法”制备
第一步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000032
向三口圆底烧瓶中依次加入MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH(200mg，1.0eq)和DMF(4mL)，室温搅拌至溶解后，加入NPC(117mg，1.1eq)，DIPEA(45mg，1.0eq)，24±2℃下搅拌18小时。加入乙酸乙酯(12mL)和石油醚(18mL)，搅拌，过滤，旋干得粗品。将粗品加入乙酸(2mL)和甲醇(0.3mL)中，搅拌溶解，然后滴加纯化水(6mL)，过滤。所得固体在旋转蒸发仪旋干得MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(185mg)，收率：71.8％，纯度：97％。
第二步：制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000033
向反应瓶中依次加入MC-Val-Cit-PAB-(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(185mg)、DIPEA(64mg，2.0eq)、吡啶(0.2mL，V吡啶/VDIPEA＝2.5)、HoBt(34mg，1.0eq)和MMAE(180mg，1.0eq)，24±2℃下继续反应48小时，制备液相纯化得产物MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE(115mg)，收率34.8％，纯度99％。
经比较可以看出，在主要原料投料量相同的情况下，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率为46.5％；两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率为24.99％，经比较，一锅法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率远远大于两步法制备MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的最终产品收率。
表1 “一锅法”及“两步法”最终产品收率比较
产品 “一锅法”总收率 “两步法”总收率 收率增加绝对值 收率增加相对值
Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE 51.30％ 37.49％ 13.81％ 36.84％
Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD 48.70％ 32.54％ 16.16％ 49.66％
Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 37.10％ 23.74％ 13.36％ 56.28％
Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD 47.70％ 33.88％ 13.82％ 40.79％
Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951 38.40％ 23.99％ 14.41％ 60.07％
Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE 46.50％ 24.99％ 21.51％ 86.07％
注：收率增加绝对值＝“一锅法”总收率－“两步法”总收率；
收率增加相对值＝(“一锅法”总收率－“两步法”总收率)/“两步法”总收率；
对比Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD、Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951、Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAD、Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-DX8951、Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE的“一锅法”及“两步法”制备最终产品收率，不难发现，相较于现有技术的“两步法”制备工艺， 本发明提供的“一锅法”制备工艺的最终产品收率大大提升，基于药物(如MMAE、DX8951)等物料价格非常昂贵，这将大大降低药物的生产成本,因此，相较于现有技术的“两步法”制备工艺，本发明提供的“一锅法”制备工艺具有显著的进步和意料不到的技术效果。
除此之外，由于本发明提供的一步法制备工艺只需要在同一个反应体系中进行反应，而传统制备工艺需要在两个反应体系中进行反应(即将Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-PNP提取出来后再投入反应)，这需要用到有机试剂(乙酸乙酯和石油醚等)和设备(进行浓缩)以及新的反应容器(用于下一步反应)，这无疑为合成过程带来大量的工作，另外有机试剂的使用及回收除了需要更多的人力外，还会对环境带来一定的影响，因此本发明提供的一步法制备工艺更适合大规模生产使用。
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-000035
本发明已通过各个具体实施例作了举例说明。但是，本领域普通技术人员能够理解，本发明并不限于各个具体实施方式，普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以作出各种改动或变型，并且在本说明书中各处提及的各个技术特征可以相互组合，而仍不背离本发明的精神和范围。这样的改动和变型均在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种包含连接子部分和药物部分的抗体药物偶联物中间体的制备工艺，所述的抗体药物偶联物中间体为Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-D或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-D，所述中间体中Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB或MC-Val-Cit-PAB为连接子部分，所述中间体中D代表连接的药物部分，所述连接的药物部分含有游离的氨基基团，其特征在于，包括以下反应路线：
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100001
    所述制备工艺为一锅法，两步反应均在一个体系中进行。
  2. 权利要求1所述的制备工艺，其特征在于：将Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-OH或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-OH与二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(NPC)在有机碱存在的条件下接触反应，待上述反应结束后，向反应体系中补充加入有机碱，并加入1-羟基苯并三唑及所述的药物部分D进行反应。
  3. 权利要求1或2所述的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述的药物部分D为奥瑞他汀(auristatin)类细胞毒性剂、安曲霉素(Anthramycin)类细胞毒性剂、蒽环(anthracycline)类细胞毒性剂或嘌呤霉素(puromycin)细胞毒性剂、喜树碱类似物。
  4. 权利要求3所述的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述的奥瑞他汀(auristatin)类细胞毒性剂为MMAE、MMAF、MMAD或其衍生物；所述的安曲霉素(Anthramycin)类细胞毒性剂为安曲霉素或其衍生物；所述的蒽环(anthracycline)类细胞毒性剂为柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、伊达比星、米托蒽醌或其衍生物；所述的嘌呤霉素(puromycin)细胞毒性剂为嘌呤毒素或其衍生物；所述的喜树碱类似物为DX8951或其衍生物。
  5. 权利要求4所述的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述的Py-MAA-Val-Cit-PAB-D或MC-Val-Cit-PAB-D的结构如示(1-22)所示：
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2020074987-appb-100007
  6. 根据前述任一权利要求所述的制备工艺，其特征在于所述的有机碱1、有机碱2各自独立地为N，N二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、吡啶的一种或几种；优选的，所述的有机碱1、有机碱2各自独立地为N，N二异丙基乙胺、吡啶的一种或两种。
  7. 根据前述任一权利要求所述的制备工艺，其特征在于所述的三氮唑类催化剂为1-羟基苯并三氮唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羧酸乙酯的一种或几种，优选为1-羟基苯并三氮唑。
  8. 权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
  9. 权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
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