CN111978281B - 一种制备环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的方法及其化合物应用 - Google Patents
一种制备环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的方法及其化合物应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种制备环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的方法及其化合物应用,属于有机化学领域。在铑催化剂存在下,α,β‑不饱和羧酸与1,3‑环己二酮‑2‑苯基碘或4‑羟基色烯‑2‑酮‑2‑苯基碘反应,高选择性得到环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物。该方法具有反应条件温和,反应步骤短,后处理简单,反应产物立体选择性和区域选择高的优点。与此同时,环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物对于多种癌细胞的抑制上显示出了良好的活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种制备环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的方法及其化合物应用。
背景技术
环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮结构化合物是一类非常重要的活性化合物,广泛存在于天然产物中,高浓度苯并二氢吡喃衍生物能够抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞的增值。研究证明此类化合物经过结构修饰与改造可以增强其抗肿瘤活性(中国药物化学杂志,2010,176-180)。
因此,开发环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的高效合成方法,得到一类具有特定结构环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物,并对其生物活性进行研究,对于药物先导化合物的筛选具有重要的作用。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供了一种环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮结构化合物及其制备方法和化合物应用。在铑催化剂存在下,α,β-不饱和羧酸与1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘或4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘反应,高选择性得到环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物。
本发明所述一种环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物,具体结构如下:其中,R1,R2,R3各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基或苄基;所述取代苯基中取代基选自卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、硝基或C1-C3烷氧羰基;R4选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基。
本发明还提供了上述环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物的合成方法,合成路线如下:
包括如下步骤:在铑催化剂存在下,α,β-不饱和羧酸1与1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2或4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘3,在溶剂中加热反应,分别得到环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物4或色烯并吡喃酮类化合物5。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述铑催化剂为Cp*Rh(OAc)2-H2O或由[Cp*RhCl2]2/NaOAc原位产生。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述α,β-不饱和羧酸1、1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2/4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘3与铑催化剂的摩尔比为2.0-3.0:1.0:0.01-0.10。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,溶剂为水或醇类溶剂。醇类溶剂优选为1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙-2-醇(简写为HFIP)。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述加热反应温度为60-100℃。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应无需惰性气体保护,可在空气中直接进行。
为了对反应机理进行研究,做了如下对比试验,结果如下:
根据以上对比试验结果,推测的可能反应机理如下:
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,得到的产物进一步衍生如下(以4a为例):
在得到上述环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物4的基础上,将环己酮并吡喃酮结构化合物4用于多种人体癌细胞(包括MCF-7细胞、REC-1细胞或肺癌A549细胞)的抑制率实验可以发现,该结构可以很好地抑制多种癌细胞的增殖,对于乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制最好得到了IC50=241nM的结果,因而可应用于制备相应癌细胞的抑制剂药物上。
发明有益效果
该方法具有反应条件温和,反应步骤短,后处理简单,对1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘或4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘两类反应底物均可适用,反应产物立体选择性和区域选择高的优点。
与此同时,环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物对于多种癌细胞的抑制上显示出了良好的活性。
附图说明
图1为实施例5得到化合物4j对MCF-7细胞的抑制率图;
图2为实施例5得到化合物4j对REC-1细胞的抑制率图;
图3为实施例8得到化合物4r对MCF-7细胞的抑制率图;
图4为实施例8得到化合物4r对A549细胞的抑制率图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
反应条件的探索试验:(以1a和2a在铑催化下生成4a为例)典型操作为,将化合物1a(0.2mmol)、铑催化剂(2.0mol%)、化合物2a(0.24mmol,1.2eq)和乙酸钠(0.005mmol,25%)和HFIP(2mL)混合。升温至60-100℃反应,薄层板(TLC)监测原料1a完全消失(9-12h);旋干溶剂,柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比4:1),得到白色固体4a。
反应方程式如下:
如表所示,对反应的边界条件进行了探索,发现其他可能的反应条件下均以不同的收率得到目标产物。最终确定最佳反应条件为:在1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙-2-醇(HFIP)溶剂中,采用Cp*Rh(OAc)2-H2O催化剂或由[Cp*RhCl2]2在醋酸钠存在下原位产生铑催化剂。
实施例1:
将化合物1a(0.2mmol,1.0eq)、[Cp*RhCl2]2(0.02mmol,0.1eq)、化合物2a(0.2mmol,1.0eq)、乙酸钠(0.005mmol,25%)和HFIP(2mL)混合,升温至80℃反应,直至通过薄层板(TLC)监测原料1a完全消失(约9h);旋干溶剂,柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比4:1),得到50mg白色固体4a,熔点74-76℃,产率:99%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(s,1H),7.27–7.21(m,2H),7.19–7.17(m,3H),3.70(s,2H),2.75(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.46–2.43(m,2H),2.12–2.00(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ194.1,172.3,161.2,137.6,135.5,129.1,128.8,127.0,114.7,36.6,36.4,27.8,20.4HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C16H14NaO3 +277.0835,Found:277.0841.
实施例2:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到38mg白色固体4b,熔点58–60℃,产率:99%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(s,1H),2.83(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.53(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.42(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.18–2.11(m,2H),1.62–1.58(m,2H),0.95(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ194.5,172.0,161.6,134.8,127.6,114.7,36.7,32.5,27.9,21.1,20.5,13.7.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C12H14NaO3 +229.0835,Found:229.0843.
实施例3:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到8mg白色固体4f,熔点117–119℃,产率:20%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.22(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.87(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.73(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.60–2.48(m,2H),2.21–2.01(m,4H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ1954,173.8,159.4,158.2,125.9,114.4,37.8,35.3,29.2,28.5,23.0,20.3.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C12H12NaO3 +227.0679,Found:227.0677.
实施例4:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到32mg白色固体4h,熔点121–124℃,产率:67%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.98(s,1H),7.72–7.61(m,2H),7.48–7.33(m,3H),2.91(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.63–2.56(m,2H),2.25–2.16(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2,173.2,160.2,135.9,134.0,129.1,128.6,128.3,126.0,115,36.7,28.1,20.5.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C15H12NaO3 +263.0679,Found:243.0683.
实施例5:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到31mg白色固体4j,熔点89–91℃,产率:61%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94(s,1H),7.56(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),2.89(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.62–2.54(m,2H),2.37(s,3H),2.24–2.11(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2,172.8,160.2,139.1,135.2,131.0,129.3,128.2,125.9,115.2,36.7,28.0,21.4,20.5.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C16H14NaO3 +227.0835,Found:227.0842.
实施例6:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到31mg白色固体4k,熔点114–116℃,产率:57%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.96(s,1H),7.64–7.57(m,2H),7.42–7.35(m,2H),2.90(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.60–2.57(m,2H),2.24–2.15(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ194.0,173.4,159.9,135.9,135.1,132.3,129.6,128.8,124.7,115.2,36.7,28.0,20.4.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C15H11ClNaO3 +297.0289,Found:297.0281.
实施例7:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到48mg白色固体4p,熔点128–120℃,产率:90%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(s,1H),7.34–7.32(m,2H),7.27–7.26(m,3H),3.78(s,2H),2.85(d,J=18.0Hz,1H),2.65–2.53(m,2H),2.38(m,1H),2.25–2.19(m,1H),1.17(d,J=6.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2,171.7,161.4,137.6,135.5,129.2,128.8,127.1,127.0,114.3,44.9,36.5,35.8,28.4,21.0.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd forC17H16NaO3 +291.0992,Found:291.0993.
实施例8:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到65mg白色固体4r,熔点143–145℃,产率:98%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(s,1H),7.31–7.28(m,2H),7.25–7.13(m,8H),3.71(s,2H),3.46–3.34(m,1H),3.00–2.94(m,2H),2.78–2.61(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ193.3,171.3,161.2,141.3,137.5,135.3,129.2,129.1,128.8,127.7,127.4,127.0,126.7,114.5,77.5,77.2,76.8,43.7,38.6,36.5,35.4.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcdfor C22H18NaO3 +353.1148,Found:353.1139.
实施例9:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到8mg白色固体4t,熔点134–136℃,产率:16%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.24(m,1H),7.23–7.16(m,3H),3.76(s,2H),2.98–2.93(m,2H),2.67–2.62(m,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ198.6,183.6,161.8,137.0,132.7,129.4,129.0,127.7,127.2,117.67,3.0,34.4,26.0.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C15H12NaO3 +263.0679,Found:263.0676.
实施例10:
采用替换反应温度为80℃,其它实验步骤及提纯方式参照实施例1进行;12h,得到43mg白色固体5v,熔点234–236℃,产率:70%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.69–7.61(m,2H),7.37–7.41(m,2H),7.36–7.33(m,2H),7.31–7.26(m,3H),3.88(s,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ160.2,159.6,159.7,153.3,136.9,136.5,134.2,129.5,129.4,129.1,127.3,125.3,123.4,117.5,113.3,103.8,36.9.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C19H12NaO4 +327.0628,Found:327.0628.
实施例11:
根据实施例1反应条件,采用不同α-取代不饱和羧酸1a-1o与1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2a,反应结果如下:
实施例12:
根据实施例1反应条件,采用α-苄基不饱和羧酸1a与不同1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2,反应结果如下:
根据实施例1反应条件,采用α-苄基不饱和羧酸1a与不同4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘3,反应结果如下:
实施例13:
反应采用克级规模试验,参考实施例1反应条件,减少铑催化剂的量,反应规模扩大,结果如下:
实施例14:
化合物4a到5a的操作步骤:
将化合物4a(0.2mmol)和NIS(0.22mmol)加入到二甲基亚砜(2mL)中升温至80℃反应12小时。加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取,硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸后柱层析得到55mg白色固体产物5a,收率73%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(s,1H),7.38–7.32(m,2H),7.27–7.26(m,3H),4.24(dd,J=13.2,5.5Hz,1H),3.80(s,2H),3.11–2.97(m,1H),2.93–2.87(m,1H),2.57–2.51(m,1H),2.07–1.96(m,1H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ195.3,172.1,160.8,137.2,135.1,129.3,129.0,127.8,127.2,112.6,71.6,36.5,28.7,26.7.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C16H13INaO3 +402.9802,Found:402.9800.
化合物4a到6a和6a’的操作步骤:
将化合物4a(0.2mmol)和N-甲基马来酰亚胺(0.8mmol)加入到氯苯(2mL)中升温至140℃反应24小时。反应混合物降至室温,旋蒸后柱层析得到27mg白色固体产物6a(收率31%)和42mg白色固体产物6a’(产率49%)。6a:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.37(s,1H),7.33(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.84–3.73(m,1H),3.06(s,1H),2.94–2.85(m,3H),2.84–2.82(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),2.80–2.79(m,1H),2.75–2.77(m,1H),2.42–2.39(m,1H),2.35–2.26(m,1H),2.03–2.01(m,1H),1.80–1.73(m,1H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ195.1,175.7,175.6,175.5,174.9,142.4,141.3,136.6,131.5,128.9,127.2,47.6,45.8,45.2,44.7,44.7,43.5,38.7,36.2,15.4,25.4,24.6,18.5.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C25H25N2O5 +433.1758,Found:433.1753.6a’:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.29–7.26(m,1H),7.14(s,1H),3.94(s,1H),2.95–2.88(m,5H),2.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.36–2.30(m,1H),1.87(m,1H).13CNMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ195.0,175.3,175.1,143.4,137.6,136.3,131.9,128.6,127.1,49.9,44.6,44.0,43.3,38.7,34.9,25.9,25.3,20.5.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC25H25N2O5 +433.1758,Found:433.1759.
化合物4a到7a的操作步骤:
将化合物4a(0.2mmol)和苄胺(0.22mmol)加入到四氢呋喃(2mL)中室温反应12小时。冷水淬灭,用二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥旋蒸后柱层析得到59mg白色固体产物7a,收率86%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(s,1H),7.35–7.27(m,7H),7.21(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.38(s,2H),3.91(s,2H),2.80(m,2H),2.44(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.04–1.98(m,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ194.2,163.2,155.0,139.1,135.6,133.6,130.4,129.1,129.0,128.5,127.7,126.4,126.2,114.7,47.4,36.9,36.2,27.2,21.4.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C23H21NNaO2 +366.1465,Found:366.1458.
化合物4a到8a的操作步骤:
将化合物4a(0.2mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(2mL)中。接着加入甲胺盐酸盐(0.5mmol),反应混合物在0℃下搅拌。随后加入三乙胺(0.1mL),反应混合物在室温搅拌12h。然后将反应混合物用氯仿稀释并用水和盐水洗涤。将滤液真空浓缩,并将粗产物通过硅胶色谱法得到50mg白色固体产物8a,收率93%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.81(s,1H),7.33–7.27(m,4H),7.21–7.18(m,1H),3.86(s,2H),3.54(s,3H),2.87(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.52–2.46(m,2H),2.18–2.13(m,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ194.1,163.0,154.8,139.1,133.0,129.6,129.0,128.3,126.2,114.3,36.7,36.1,31.2,27.4,21.2.HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C17H17NNaO2 +290.1151,Found:290.1153.
实施例15
对化合物4j和4r进行了NF-κB信号传导通路的抑制探究。测试了几类化合物对MCF-7细胞,REC-1细胞,肺癌A549细胞的体外抑制作用。实验结果如下式所示,化合物4j对MCF-7细胞,REC-1细胞的测试结果分别为IC50=241nM,IC50=1.85μM;化合物4r对MCF-7细胞,A549细胞的测试结果分别为IC50=6.18μM,IC50=6.18μM。
基于以上化合物在人体癌细胞增殖中体现出较好的抑制作用,可以作为相应的母体结构筛选具有更高活性的先导化合物,对于人体癌细胞抑制剂的开发具有重要的潜在价值。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
在铑催化剂存在下,α,β-不饱和羧酸1与1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2或4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘3,在溶剂中加热反应,分别得到环己酮并吡喃酮类化合物4或色烯并吡喃酮类化合物5;所述铑催化剂为Cp*Rh(OAc)2-H2O或由[Cp*RhCl2]2/NaOAc原位产生;溶剂为水或1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙-2-醇;R1,R2,R3各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、苯基、取代苯基、萘基或苄基;所述取代苯基中取代基选自卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、硝基或C1-C3烷氧羰基;R4选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基。
2.根据权利要求1所述环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述α,β-不饱和羧酸1、1,3-环己二酮-2-苯基碘2/4-羟基色烯-2-酮-2-苯基碘3与铑催化剂摩尔比为2.0-3.0:1.0:0.01-0.10。
3.根据权利要求1所述环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述加热反应温度为60-100℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述所述环己酮/色烯并吡喃酮类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:反应无需惰性气体保护,可在空气中直接进行。
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