CN111871069B - 一种一体化滤料的应用 - Google Patents
一种一体化滤料的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111871069B CN111871069B CN202010670842.3A CN202010670842A CN111871069B CN 111871069 B CN111871069 B CN 111871069B CN 202010670842 A CN202010670842 A CN 202010670842A CN 111871069 B CN111871069 B CN 111871069B
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- filter material
- drying
- acetone
- catalyst
- solution
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- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical group [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种一体化滤料的应用,该滤料由商用除尘滤料和生长在滤料上具有同时分解氮氧化物、二噁英功能的催化剂组成。该制备方法将锰、铈氧化物的前驱体溶液浸渍于滤料上,通过化学反应在滤料上生长出锰、铈的氧化物;以三氯氧钒作为氧化钒的前驱物浸渍于滤料上在水中反应,经烘干、水热等工艺制备而成。本发明制备而成的复合滤料可同时去除烟气中的三种污染物,催化剂负载牢固,不易脱落。
Description
本申请是申请日为:2019-11-12、申请号为:2019110982729、名称为:一种一体化滤料及制备方法和应用的发明专利的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂领域,具体涉及一种一体化滤料的应用。
背景技术
生活垃圾焚烧技术因其无害化彻底,减量化效果显著,焚烧后余热可用作二次能源等优点,正取代传统的垃圾填埋技术,成为生活垃圾处置的首选方式。垃圾在焚烧过程中,会产生粉尘、氮氧化物、二噁英等污染物,造成二次污染。现有的处理技术已经能将这些污物分别脱除或降解,使烟气达标排放,但处理设备往往造价和运行成本高,占地面积大,限制了垃圾焚烧技术的发展。
现有的大部分复合滤料把重点放在将粉尘同另一种污染物同时脱除:发明专利“一种除尘及二恶英分解一体化过滤材料及其制备方法”(公开号CN 101357279A)提供了一种除尘及二噁英分解一体化过滤材料及制备方法,该方法制备的滤料由含有催化剂的聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜、耐高温纤维支撑层和基布层通过针刺、后处理等工艺加工而成,具有较好的二噁英去除效果;发明专利“一种负载脱硝催化剂的聚苯硫醚滤料制备方法”(公开号CN102145241B)将催化剂前驱体浸渍在经硝酸酸化的PPS滤料上,经过干燥煅烧后处理粉尘和氮氧化物,取得了不错的处理效果。但是除尘的同时分解氮氧化物和二噁英的发明专利很少。
此外,现有复合滤料的制备方法主要有三种,最常见的是将催化剂磨成一定大小的颗粒,通过物理手段,如浸渍,抽滤等负载到已成型的除尘滤料上,该方法制备工艺简单,但催化剂的负载强度较低,污染物处理效果较差;第二种方法将催化剂颗粒与制备除尘滤料的浆液混合均匀,通过挤压、开松、针刺等工艺织成复合滤料,该制备方法对成本和技术的要求较高;第三种方法将催化剂前驱体的溶液浸渍于除尘滤料上,通过化学反应在滤料上生长出所需的催化剂,该方法对氮氧化物的协同脱除效果较好,但负载量不可控,并且受限于大多数催化剂成型需要高温煅烧的过程,该方法仅限于几种特定的催化剂作为复合滤料的活性组分。针对第三种方法,为了保证复合滤料同时具有高效分解氮氧化物和二噁英的功能,需要在传统脱硝催化剂中加入一定比例的钒氧化物作为活性组分,因此如何通过免煅烧的方法在滤料上生成钒氧化物成为解决问题的关键。
发明内容
本发明是针对上述存在的技术问题提供一种一体化滤料及制备方法和应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种一体化滤料的制备方法,该方法的步骤如下:
a.将滤料a剪成圆片,浸入表面分散剂的水溶液中并搅拌1~2h,之后在温度为100~120℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得到经表面分散剂改性的滤料b;
b.在滤料b上缓慢滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收水量;
c.根据所需负载量和滤料的饱和吸水量计算得到催化剂前驱体的水溶液浓度,其计算方法如下:
①计算达到负载量要求时该面积滤料所需的催化剂中各金属组分的摩尔数,根据各组分的摩尔数对应计算得到所需金属前驱体的质量;
②催化剂前驱体各组分的水溶液浓度=金属前驱体各组分的质量/滤料饱和吸水量;依据上述计算,将步骤a所得滤料b浸没于催化剂前驱体的水溶液中,充分搅拌4~6h后取出;取出后的滤料继续浸入草酸的水溶液中,静置10~12h;之后进行干燥,得到滤料c;
d.在滤料c上滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮的量;
e.根据滤料c饱和吸收丙酮的量和所需的负载量确定三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度,其计算方法如下:三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度=所需V2O5的摩尔数*三氯氧钒的相对分子质量/滤料饱和吸丙酮的量;
将步骤c所得滤料c浸没于三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液中,静置4~6h后取出;在pH为7.5~8.5的氢氧化钠的水溶液中浸泡并静置4~6h后,在温度为105~115℃的条件下干燥10~12h,得滤料d;
f.将滤料d置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中180~220℃下反应10~14h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,60~80℃下干燥4~6h,即完成制备。
一种一体化滤料,该滤料是通过如下方法制备得到
a.将滤料a剪成圆片,浸入表面分散剂的水溶液中并搅拌1~2h,之后在温度为100~120℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得到经表面分散剂改性的滤料b;
b.在滤料b上缓慢滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收水量;
c.根据所需负载量和滤料的饱和吸水量计算得到催化剂前驱体的水溶液浓度,其计算方法如下:
①计算达到负载量要求时该面积滤料所需的催化剂中各金属组分的摩尔数,根据各组分的摩尔数对应计算得到所需金属前驱体的质量;
②催化剂前驱体各组分的水溶液浓度=金属前驱体各组分的质量/滤料饱和吸水量;
依据上述计算,将步骤a所得滤料b浸没于催化剂前驱体的水溶液中,充分搅拌4~6h后取出;取出后的滤料继续浸入草酸的水溶液中,静置10~12h;之后进行干燥,得到滤料c;
d.在滤料c上滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮的量;
e.根据滤料c饱和吸收丙酮的量和所需的负载量确定三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度,其计算方法如下:三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度=所需V2O5的摩尔数*三氯氧钒的相对分子质量/滤料饱和吸丙酮的量;
将步骤c所得滤料c浸没于三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液中,静置4~6h后取出;在pH为7.5~8.5的氢氧化钠的水溶液中浸泡并静置4~6h后,在温度为105~115℃的条件下干燥10~12h,得滤料d;
f.将滤料d置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中180~220℃下反应10~14h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,60~80℃下干燥4~6h,即完成制备。
本发明技术方案中:步骤a中的滤料采用布袋除尘器耐高温滤料,连续工作温度≥200℃;优选滤料所用的材质为玻纤、Nomex、P84、PTFE、GLS和PI中的一种或多种组成。
本发明技术方案中:步骤a中表面分散剂为质量浓度为0.1~10%的烷基糖苷水溶液;其中,烷基糖苷的粘度≥1000。
本发明技术方案中:步骤c中负载量为50~150g/m2,金属前驱体为硝酸锰和硝酸铈,且锰与铈的摩尔比为3~8:1。
本发明技术方案中:步骤c中得到滤料c的干燥条件为:在温度为70~90℃的条件下干燥4~6h,之后在温度为180~200℃的条件下干燥10~14h,每隔2~4h对滤料进行翻面。
本发明技术方案中:步骤c中草酸溶液的浓度是金属盐溶液浓度的1.2~1.5倍。
本发明技术方案中:步骤e中V2O5的用量为MnO2和CeO2质量的3%~8%。
本发明技术方案中:所述的滤料作为催化剂在除尘及氮氧化物和二噁英分解方面的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明性能测试所用装置图。
其中:1.N2(99.999%),2.O2(99.999%),3.NH3(1%)4.NO(1%),5.减压阀,6.质量流量计,7.微量注射泵,8.氯苯,9.油浴锅,10.混合室,11.管式炉,12.石英套管,13.滤料,14.三通阀,15.烟气分析仪,16.气相色谱仪。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)在负载Mn、Ce时,采用程序升温对复合滤料进行干燥,温度在105~110℃时,水挥发的同时,过量的草酸凝固成细小的颗粒分布在催化剂前驱体内部和表面;当温度上升到180~200℃时,草酸固体挥发,在滤料中留下蜂窝状的孔道,增大复合滤料的比表面积,为之后三氯氧钒的吸附提供足够空间,过量草酸的浸入使催化剂在成型过程中不会结块,始终保持疏松的状态,保护滤料原有的物理结构。
(2)通过控制催化剂前驱体溶液的浓度实现复合滤料催化剂负载量可控;以原位生长而成的MnOx、CeO2和滤料本身作为三氯氧钒的吸附载体,通过免煅烧的方法得到负载有MnOx、CeO2和V2O5的复合滤料,制备过程始终在除尘率料允许的工作温度范围内。
(3)相比于物理方法,该方法制备的复合滤料对于催化剂负载量的要求较低,以此大幅减少滤料的自重。
(4)通过水热辅助,一方面去除没有反应的前驱物,另一方面使催化剂牢牢固定在滤布上。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
a.取剪成直径30mm圆片的P84滤料完全浸没于1%烷基糖苷APG0814的水溶液中搅拌2h,在鼓风干燥箱中110℃烘干6h,得到经烷基糖苷改性的滤料。
b.在步骤a处理过的滤料上滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定直径为30mm的滤料的饱和吸收水量为1.7mL。
c.为了得到Mn:Ce=4:1,MnO2和CeO2负载量为50g/m2的复合滤料,称取5.7248g硝酸锰溶液(50wt%),1.7350g六水合硝酸铈,溶于水配成100mL溶液,将步骤a所得滤料浸没于该溶液中搅拌5h;称量2.6g草酸溶解于100mL水中,浸入滤料静置12h,在鼓风干燥箱110℃下干燥6h,将干燥箱温度调至200℃,干燥12h,每隔2h对滤料进行翻面,烘干后取出,滤料质量增加0.0335g,计算可得负载量为47g/m2,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际负载量小于50g/m2。
d.在步骤c所得滤料上缓慢滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮量为1.9mL。
e.为了得到V2O5含量为MnO2和CeO2总质量6%的复合滤料,称取0.0889g三氯氧钒溶解于100mL丙酮中,将步骤c所的滤料浸入6h后取出,在蒸馏水中加入氢氧化钠调节pH到7.5,浸入滤料再静置6h,在鼓风干燥箱80℃下干燥12h。
f.将步骤e所得滤料置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中200℃下反应12h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,70℃下干燥6h,滤料质量增加0.0019g,V2O5含量为5.7%,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际用量小于6%。
实施例2
a.取剪成直径30mm圆片的玻纤滤料完全浸没于2%烷基糖苷APG0814的水溶液中搅拌2h,在鼓风干燥箱中115℃烘干5h,得到经烷基糖苷改性的滤料。
b.在步骤a处理过的滤料上滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定直径为30mm的滤料的饱和吸收水量为1.8mL。
c.为了得到Mn:Ce=4:1,负载量为80g/m2的复合滤料,称取8.6513g硝酸锰溶液(50wt%),2.6218g六水合硝酸铈,溶于水配成100mL溶液,将步骤a所得滤料浸没于该溶液中搅拌6h。称量3.9g草酸溶解于100mL水中,浸入滤料静置12h,在鼓风干燥箱100℃下干燥5h,将干燥箱温度调至190℃,干燥12h,每隔2h对滤料进行翻面,烘干后取出,滤料质量增加0.0529g,负载量为75g/m2,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际负载量小于80/m2。
d.在步骤c所得滤料上缓慢滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮量为1.9mL。
e.为了得到V2O5含量为MnO2和CeO2催化剂总质量4%的复合滤料,称取0.0936g三氯氧钒溶解于100mL丙酮中,将步骤c所的滤料浸入6h后取出,在蒸馏水中加入氢氧化钠调节pH到7.5,浸入滤料再静置6h,在鼓风干燥箱80℃下干燥12h。
f.将步骤e所得滤料置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中200℃下反应12h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,70℃下干燥6h,滤料质量增加0.020g,V2O5含量为3.8%,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际用量小于4%。
实施例3
a.取剪成直径30mm圆片的Nomex滤料完全浸没于3.5%烷基糖苷APG0814的水溶液中搅拌2h,在鼓风干燥箱中120℃烘干4h,得到经烷基糖苷改性的滤料。
b.在步骤a处理过的滤料上滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定直径为30mm的滤料的饱和吸收水量为2.0mL。
c.为了得到Mn:Ce=4:1,负载量为100g/m2的复合滤料,称取9.7326g硝酸锰溶液(50wt%),2.9500g六水合硝酸铈,溶于水配成100mL溶液,将步骤a所得滤料浸没于该溶液中搅拌4.5h。称量4.4g草酸溶解于100mL水中,浸入滤料静置12h,在鼓风干燥箱110℃下干燥6h,将干燥箱温度调至200℃,干燥12h,每隔2h对滤料进行翻面,烘干后取出,滤料质量增加0.0649g,负载量为92g/m2,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际负载量小于100g/m2。
d.在步骤c所得滤料上缓慢滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮量为2.0mL。
e.为了得到V2O5含量为MnO2和CeO2催化剂总质量5%的复合滤料,称取0.1364g三氯氧钒溶解于100mL丙酮中,将步骤c所的滤料浸入6h后取出,在蒸馏水中加入氢氧化钠调节pH到7.5,浸入滤料再静置6h,在鼓风干燥箱80℃下干燥12h。
f.将步骤e所得滤料置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中200℃下反应12h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,70℃下干燥6h,滤料质量增加0.0032g,V2O5含量为4.9%,由于少量催化剂颗粒在生成过程中掉落至溶液中,存在系统误差,实际用量小于5%。
性能测试:
采用图1的装置对复合滤料的脱硝脱二噁英效果进行测试。将复合滤料固定在外径30mm的石英管上;用实验室配气来模拟垃圾焚烧烟气,总烟气流速为1m/min,进气组分:NO 0.06%,NH3 0.06%,O2 11%,其余均为N2;二噁英采用气态氯苯进行模拟,氯苯液体通过微量注射泵注入到系统中,随后在混合室气化并与其他几种气体混合均匀,气态氯苯的浓度为500ppm,混合均匀后进入到管式炉中;复合滤料固定在外径30mm的石英管上,放置于管式炉中;管式炉程序升温至240℃并保温,待稳定后对尾气进行检测;采用KM9106烟气分析仪测试NOx浓度;采用GC126N(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司)测试氯苯浓度,气态氯苯经过的管道均采用伴热带加热保温,防止其再次液化。
氮氧化物脱除率计算公式如下:
氯苯脱除率计算公式如下:
催化剂负载强度测试装置由气源、流量控制器、自制不锈钢套管组成。借助气源和气体流量控制器往不锈钢套管中通入N2对复合滤料进行长时间吹扫,以催化剂在滤料上的脱落率表征结合强度,将测试催化剂负载强度的复合滤料固定在外径30mm的不锈钢管中,使用氮气模拟垃圾焚烧烟气,流速设定为2m/min,对滤料进行吹扫。
催化剂负载强度计算公式如下:
测试结果:
表1
表2
对比例的测试结果比较:
所用对比例是采用发明名称为一种协同脱除氮氧化物和二噁英功能的复合滤料及其制备方法,申请号为201910669473.3的发明专利中实施例1~3记载的方案进行对比,具体如下:
表3
表4
由三组对比例可以看出,为了达到和本发明想进的污染物脱除效果,以往的发明专利所需催化剂的负载量远大于本发明所需催化剂的负载量。
Claims (5)
1.一种一体化滤料的应用,其特征在于:所述的滤料是通过如下的步骤制备得到:
a.将滤料a剪成圆片,浸入表面分散剂的水溶液中并搅拌1~2h,之后在温度为100~120℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得到经表面分散剂改性的滤料b;
b.在滤料b上缓慢滴加蒸馏水直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收水量;
c.根据所需负载量和滤料的饱和吸水量计算得到催化剂前驱体的水溶液浓度,其计算方法如下:
①计算达到负载量要求时滤料所需的催化剂中各金属组分的摩尔数,根据各组分的摩尔数对应计算得到所需金属前驱体的质量;
②催化剂前驱体各组分的水溶液浓度=金属前驱体各组分的质量/滤料饱和吸水量;依据上述计算,将步骤a所得滤料b浸没于催化剂前驱体的水溶液中,充分搅拌4~6h后取出;取出后的滤料继续浸入草酸的水溶液中,静置10~12h;之后进行干燥,得到滤料c;
d.在滤料c上滴加丙酮直至滤料完全浸润,确定滤料的饱和吸收丙酮的量;
e.根据滤料c饱和吸收丙酮的量和所需的负载量确定三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度,其计算方法如下:三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液的浓度=所需V2O5的摩尔数*三氯氧钒的相对分子质量/滤料饱和吸丙酮的量;
将步骤c所得滤料c浸没于三氯氧钒的丙酮溶液中,静置4~6h后取出;在pH为7.5~8.5的氢氧化钠的水溶液中浸泡并静置4~6h后,在温度为105~115℃的条件下干燥10~12h,得滤料d;
f.将滤料d置于反应釜中,倒入无水乙醇,在真空干燥箱中180~220℃下反应10~14h,待反应釜冷却后取出滤料,60~80℃下干燥4~6h,即完成制备;
其中:步骤e中V2O5的用量为MnO2和CeO2质量总和的3%~8%;
步骤c中负载量为50~150 g/m2,金属前驱体为硝酸锰和硝酸铈,且锰与铈的摩尔比为3~8:1;步骤c中得到滤料c的干燥条件为:在温度为70~110℃的条件下干燥4~6h,之后在温度为180~200℃的条件下干燥10~14h,每隔2~4h对滤料进行翻面;
所述的滤料作为催化剂在除尘及氮氧化物和二噁英分解方面的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤a中的滤料采用布袋除尘器耐高温滤料,连续工作温度≥200℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:滤料所用的材质为玻纤、Nomex、P84、PTFE、GLS和PI中的一种或多种组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤a中表面分散剂为质量浓度为0.1~10%的烷基糖苷水溶液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤c中草酸溶液的浓度是金属盐溶液浓度的1.2~1.5倍。
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