CN111728104A - A kind of microecological type sea cucumber special feed and preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a special feed for microecological type sea cucumber and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing. The feed is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented with probiotics and sea cucumber wet material, and the components in the fermented culture medium are: 4-6 parts of triple probiotics, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 56-64 parts of bran. parts, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch, and 18-22 parts of soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate. After mixing the components, they were incubated in an incubator at 37-42°C for 10-14 hours, and then according to 4-14 hours of sea cucumber wet material. ‑6% by weight mixed with sea cucumber wet material. Preparation method: 1) preparation of soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate; 2) preparation of sea cucumber wet material; 3) preparation of triple probiotics; 4) weighing; 5) activation; 6) secondary mixing; 7) extrusion granulation. The invention adopts the combination of probiotics that can be colonized in the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus and stabilize the microbial phase in the intestinal tract to regulate and control the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus, so as to play the role of fixing the intestinal flora structure and improve the utilization rate of nutrients. Promote the growth of sea cucumber.

Description

A kind of microecological type sea cucumber special feed and preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to a special feed for microecological type Apostichopus japonicus and a preparation method, in particular to a technical method for regulating the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus by adopting a combination of probiotics that can be colonized in the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus and stabilize the microbial phase in the intestinal tract , which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing.

Background technique

In recent years, the rise of sea cucumber farming has shifted people's attention to the intestinal health of sea cucumber. Probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms that live directly in the intestinal tract of animals, can regulate the growth rate of animals, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and enhance immunity through various ways, including promoting the development of intestinal mucosal villi and producing antibacterial biological activity. substances, secretion of metabolites that regulate appetite and other pathways. Although the research on the intestinal probiotics of Apostichopus japonicus has been carried out for many years, many problems still exist, including the screening of Apostichopus japonicus intestinal bacteria and how to commercialize it, and the application effect of commercial bacteria in the market. The bait in the environment causes the type and quantity of bacteria entering the intestine to change all the time, which affects the colonization and distribution of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine of Apostichopus japonicus, resulting in an unstable flora structure, which is not conducive to the growth of Apostichopus japonicus. In order to change this situation, commercial probiotics were introduced to make them dominant bacteria, stabilize the intestinal flora structure of Apostichopus japonicus, and achieve the purpose of continuously providing metabolically active substances for the intestinal tract of the body and promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. At present, a variety of commercial bacteria have been widely used in sea cucumber cultivation, the main role is to optimize the intestinal flora and improve the water quality. Combination of commercial bacteria and the technical method of providing its necessary nutrition, so that it can be colonized in the intestine of Apostichopus japonicus, and can stabilize the intestinal flora structure of Apostichopus japonicus, and promote the growth and development of Apostichopus japonicus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of unstable structure of Apostichopus japonicus intestinal flora caused by the inability of commercial probiotics to colonize the Apostichopus japonicus intestinal tract, and to provide a composite probiotics combination that can be used in Apostichopus japonicus feed and its use technology. After ginseng is eaten, these bacteria can be stably colonized in the intestine of Apostichopus japonicus, so as to play a role in fixing the structure of intestinal flora, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, and promote the growth of Apostichopus japonicus.

In the present invention, the combination of several bacteria screened in the previous experiment is activated by carbohydrates such as glucose and polysaccharides, and then cultured with sea cucumber feed with specific components, and then a specific processing technology is used to make sea cucumber easy-to-absorb soft pellet feed, thereby These compound probiotics are delivered to the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus to form dominant strains, stabilize the intestinal flora structure, promote the absorption of nutrients, and improve the disease resistance of the sea cucumber.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A special feed for microecological type Apostichopus japonicus, which is special in that it is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented with probiotics and sea cucumber wet material, and the weight parts of the components in the fermented culture medium are respectively: triple probiotic bacteria 4 -6 parts, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 56-64 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch, 18-22 parts of soybean enzymolysate, all components are mixed at 37-42 ℃ Incubate for 10-14 hours, and then mix it with the sea cucumber wet material in a weight ratio of 4-6% of the sea cucumber wet material.

The triple probiotic is a combination of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus, and the weight ratio of the three is Bacillus subtilis: Enterococcus faecium: Streptococcus thermophilus = (1.5-2): (1.5-2) : (0.8-2).

The Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus are all commercially available products, and all require an activity of ≥1.0×10 ¹¹ CFU/g.

The preparation method of the soybean enzymolysate is as follows: respectively taking trypsin and flavor enzyme, and preparing a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5, the composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate in a weight ratio of 1:100-120 The ratio is well prepared, then add water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5 and stir to fully dissolve it, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat it up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, and enzymatic hydrolysis The action time was 4 hours, and after 4 hours, the enzymatic hydrolysate was freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain the final soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate.

The trypsin is a commercially available product, and the activity is required to be greater than or equal to 4000 U/g.

The flavor enzyme is a commercially available product, and the activity is required to be ≥30000U/g.

The sea cucumber wet material is made by mixing a variety of raw materials, and the weight parts of each raw material are: 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2-0.5 parts of yeast powder, and 1.5 parts of soybean meal. -3 parts, 4-6 parts of α-starch, 0.2-1 part of complex minerals, 0.1-0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 4-8 parts of shell powder, 56-64 parts of sea mud, all raw materials are mixed and stirred, and then crushed and screened. to make.

The seaweed powder is a commercially available product, and requires a protein content of ≥12%, a fat content of ≤1%, and a carbohydrate content of ≥50%.

The fish meal is a commercially available product, and requires protein content ≥ 60%, fat content ≤ 8%, and ash content ≤ 18%.

The shrimp meal is a commercially available product and requires protein content ≥ 56%, fat content ≤ 12%, ash content ≤ 13%, and moisture content ≤ 10%.

The yeast powder is a wall-breaking powder of a commercial product, and the protein content is required to be ≥80%, and the crushed particle size is ≥200 mesh.

The soybean meal is a commercial product, and requires protein content ≥44%, fat content ≤1%, and ash content ≤6%.

The α-starch is a commercially available product with a purity requirement of ≥98%.

The complex minerals are commercially available products, requiring MgSO ₄ •7H ₂ O≥3568.0 mg/kg, NaH ₂ PO ₄ •2H ₂ 0≥25568.0 mg/kg, KCl≥3020.5 mg/kg, KAl(SO4) ₂ ≥ 8.3 mg/kg, CoCl ₂ ≥28.0 mg/kg, ZnSO ₄ 7H ₂ O ≥ 353.0 mg/kg, Ca-lactate ≥ 15968.0 mg/kg, CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O ≥ 9.0 mg/kg, KI ≥ 7.0 mg /kg, MnSO ₄ 4H ₂ O ≥ 63.1 mg/kg, Na ₂ SeO ₃ ≥ 1.5 mg/kg, C ₆ H ₅ O ₇ Fe 5H ₂ O ≥ 1533.0 mg/kg, NaCl100.0 ≥ mg/kg, NaF 4.0≥mg/kg.

The multivitamin is a commercial product and requires vitamin A acetate ≥38.0 mg/kg, vitamin D ₃ ≥13.2 mg/kg, α-tocopherol ≥210.0 mg/kg, vitamin B ₁ ≥115.0 mg/kg, vitamin B ₂ ≥380.0 mg/kg, Pyridoxine ≥88.0 mg/kg, Pantothenic acid ≥368.0 mg/kg, Niacin ≥1030.0 mg/kg, Vitamin H ≥ 10.0 mg/kg, Folic acid ≥20.0 mg/kg, Vitamin B ₁₂ ≥1.3 mg/kg, inositol ≥4000.0 mg/kg, vitamin C ≥500.0 mg/kg.

The shell powder is commercially available oyster or scallop shell powder, and the impurities are required to be ≤5%.

The sea mud is commercially available sea mud, and the moisture content is required to be less than or equal to 4%.

The above-mentioned micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of soybean enzymolysate: Take trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100-120. , according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, add water and stir to fully dissolve it, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 ° C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 4 hours. , 4 hours later, the enzymatic hydrolysate is freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain soybean enzymatic hydrolysate;

2) Preparation of sea cucumber wet material: Weigh 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2-0.5 parts of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of α-starch, 0.2-1 part of complex minerals, 0.1-0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 4-8 parts of shell powder, 56-64 parts of sea mud, the first mixing, the mixing time is 60-120 seconds, after mixing, coarse powder, coarse The fineness of the powder passes through a ø2.0mm sieve; then an ultrafine pulverizer is used for the second pulverization, and the pulverization fineness is above 120 mesh, and the amount on the standard sieve is less than 5%;

3) Preparation of triple probiotics: Mix Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of the three (1.5-2): (1.5-2): (0.8-2);

4) Weighing: according to the weight of each component;

5) Activation: Stir and mix the weighed bran, starch and soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate as the base material, mix glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide with water in a weight ratio of 3-5%, and spray on the base material after mixing, and stir. It is evenly used as a culture medium, and triple probiotics are added to the culture medium for secondary stirring, and then placed in an incubator, activated and cultured at 37-42°C for 10-14 hours before use;

6) Secondary mixing: Add the culture medium fermented by the activated probiotic bacteria in step 5) to the sea cucumber wet material prepared in step 2) and mix and stir, the addition ratio is 4-6% of the weight of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;

7) Extrusion granulation: input the mixed raw materials into the granulator for granulation, the diameter of the granulation template is ø1.0-7.5mm, and the granulation length is required to be 0.6-1.0 times the particle diameter.

Feeding method of micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed: The prepared soft strip feed is directly fed to cage culture and pond-raised sea cucumber within 6 hours for ingestion.

The invention uses three combinations of probiotics that can be stably colonized in the intestinal tract of Apostichopus japonicus, and innovatively uses an effective culture medium to activate it through a specific temperature treatment. The purpose of improving the immunity of the Apostichopus japonicus intestinal tract and promoting the growth of the body wall is achieved.

Compared with the existing technology, the micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed has the following characteristics:

1. Commercial probiotics all have the problem of low survival rate when feeding sea cucumber, and the combination of three probiotic bacteria used in the present invention can be stably colonized in the intestinal tract of sea cucumber, and activated by a variety of culture media, so that the probiotic The bacterial viability was fully improved before feeding, which greatly improved the colonization ability and survival rate of bacteria in the Apostichopus japonicus intestine.

2. Enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean protein is introduced into the culture medium as a nitrogen source and a carbon source, not only as a nutrient source for probiotics, but also as a nutritional additive for Apostichopus japonicus, so as to fully regulate the intestinal environment and absorption of Apostichopus japonicus. The function of the mechanism enhances the nutritional value of the entire formula.

3. The special wet feed mixing method is more conducive to the addition and survival of live probiotics. At the same time, the feeding form of wet pellets not only solves the problem of the loss of ingredients of the feed that dissolves in water, but also ensures the greatest degree of assurance. Probiotics and nutrients are ingested and prevent the feed from being too hard to be digested and utilized.

4. Compared with the large-scale fermentation required by the traditional fermented sea cucumber feed, the fermentation used in the present invention is only for small material fermentation, and then added to the wet material according to a certain proportion, thus saving the cost brought by large-scale fermentation. It also showed better feeding effect.

The micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed is suitable for sea cucumbers with a monomer weight of more than 10 grams. Compared with the traditional dry method, it has stronger stabilizing ability to intestinal flora, better food attraction and easier digestion. Absorb, grow faster.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below to further illustrate the structure of the present invention.

Example 1

The special feed for microecological type sea cucumber of the present embodiment is prepared by mixing the culture medium fermented with probiotics and the sea cucumber wet material, and the weight parts of the components in the fermented culture medium are respectively: 6 parts of triple probiotics (wherein Bacillus subtilis: Enterococcus faecium: Streptococcus thermophilus (2:2:1), 60 parts of bran, 7 parts of starch, 20 parts of soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate, the above are mixed into base material, 4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, glucose 3 parts, the two are mixed with water at a weight ratio of 3%, and sprayed on the primer after mixing. After mixing, culture and ferment in an incubator at 37°C for 14 hours. Mixed wet ingredients.

The preparation method of the soybean enzymolysate is as follows: take trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, and prepare a composite enzyme according to a ratio of 5:1.5. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100. Add water at 1:5 and stir to fully dissolve, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 4 hours. The hydrolyzate was freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain the final enzymatic hydrolyzate.

The composition of the sea cucumber wet material is: 20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5 parts of fish meal, 2.5 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2 parts of yeast powder, 1.5 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of α-starch, 0.2 parts of complex minerals, 0.1 parts of multivitamins, and 4 parts of shell powder. 64 parts of sea mud, each raw material is mixed and stirred, and then crushed and screened to make sea cucumber wet material.

The specific preparation method of the special feed for micro-ecological type sea cucumber in this example:

1) Preparation of soybean enzymatic hydrolysate: take trypsin and flavor enzyme, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 5: 1.5. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a ratio of 1: 100, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 1: 1: 5 Add water and stir to dissolve it fully, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, enzymatic hydrolysis for 4 hours, and freeze the enzymatic hydrolysis solution after 4 hours. Freeze drying in the dryer to obtain soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate;

2) Preparation of sea cucumber wet material: take 20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5 parts of fish meal, 2.5 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2 parts of yeast powder, 1.5 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of α-starch, 0.2 parts of complex minerals, 0.1 parts of multivitamins, shell powder 4 parts, 64 parts of sea mud, the first mixing is carried out for 60 seconds, after mixing, coarse powder is carried out, and the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a ø2.0mm screen; The crushing fineness is above 120 mesh, and the oversize of the standard sieve is less than 5%.

3) Preparation of triple probiotics: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus thermophilus are mixed and prepared in a weight ratio of 2:2:1;

4) Weighing: Weigh various raw materials according to the weight of each component;

5) Activation: Stir and mix the weighed bran, starch and soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate as the base material, mix glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide with water in a weight ratio of 3%, and then spray on the base material after mixing, and stir evenly to make As a culture medium, add triple probiotics to the culture medium for secondary stirring, then put it into an incubator, activate and cultivate at 37°C for 14 hours, and then use it for later use;

6) Secondary mixing: Add the culture medium fermented by the activated probiotics in step 5) to the sea cucumber wet material prepared in step 2), mix and stir, the addition ratio is 4% of the weight of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 second;

7) Extrusion granulation: The mixed raw materials are input into the granulator for granulation, that is, a soft strip-shaped micro-ecological type of special feed for Apostichopus japonicus is made. 1.0 times the particle size.

The prepared soft bar feed can be directly fed to a 50-gram cage-cultured sea cucumber for ingestion within 6 hours.

Example 2

The special feed for microecological type sea cucumber in this embodiment is prepared by mixing the culture medium fermented with probiotics and the wet material of sea cucumber. Bacillus subtilis: Enterococcus faecium: Streptococcus thermophilus is 2:1.5:2), 62 parts of bran, 9 parts of starch, 21 parts of soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate, mixed well as a base material. 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 2 parts of glucose, mix the glucose and chitooligosaccharide with water at a weight ratio of 4% and spray on the primer, mix again and ferment at 38 ° C for 13 hours, and then follow the 6 of the sea cucumber wet material. % by weight mixed with sea cucumber wet material.

The preparation method of the soybean enzymolysate is as follows: take trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, prepare a composite enzyme according to a weight ratio of 3:1, and prepare the composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate in a weight ratio of 1:110. Add water at 1:5 and stir to fully dissolve it, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat it up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 4 hours. The enzymatic hydrolysate is freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain the final enzymatic hydrolysate.

The composition of the sea cucumber wet material is: 16 parts of seaweed powder, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of shrimp powder, 0.3 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of α-starch, 0.5 parts of complex minerals, 0.2 parts of multivitamins, and 5 parts of shell powder. 63 parts of sea mud, all raw materials are mixed and stirred, and then crushed and screened to make sea cucumber wet material.

In this example, the specific production method of the special feed for micro-ecological type sea cucumber:

1) Preparation of soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate: Take trypsin and flavor enzyme, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 3:1. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:110, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 1 :5 Add water and stir to fully dissolve, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, enzymolysis for 4 hours, and put the enzymatic hydrolysis solution in 4 hours later. Freeze-drying is carried out in a freeze-drying machine to obtain soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate;

2) Preparation of sea cucumber wet material: take 16 parts of seaweed powder, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of shrimp powder, 0.3 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of α-starch, 0.5 parts of complex minerals, 0.2 parts of complex vitamins, shell powder 5 parts, 63 parts of sea mud, the first mixing is carried out for 60 seconds, after mixing, coarse powder is carried out, and the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a ø2.0mm screen; The fineness of crushing is above 120 mesh, and the content on the standard sieve is less than 5%;

3) Preparation of triple probiotics: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus thermophilus are mixed and prepared in a ratio of 2:1.5:2;

4) Weighing: according to the weight of each component;

5) Activation: Stir and mix the weighed bran, starch and soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate as base material, combine glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide, mix with 4% water by weight and spray on the base material, stir evenly as a culture. medium, add the prepared triple probiotics to the culture medium for secondary stirring, then put it into the incubator, and cultivate at 38°C for 13 hours before use;

6) Secondary mixing: add the culture medium fermented by the activated probiotics in step 5) to the sea cucumber wet material prepared in step 2), mix and stir, the addition ratio is 6% of the weight of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 second;

7) Extrusion granulation: Input the mixed raw materials into the granulator for granulation, the diameter of the granulation template is ø4.5mm, and the granulation length is required to be 0.8 times the particle diameter.

The prepared soft bar feed was directly fed to a 20-gram pond cultured sea cucumber for ingestion within 6 hours.

Example 3

The special feed for microecological type sea cucumber of the present embodiment is prepared by mixing the culture medium fermented with probiotics and the sea cucumber wet material, and the weight parts of the components in the fermented culture medium are respectively: 5 parts of triple probiotics (wherein Bacillus subtilis: Enterococcus faecium: Streptococcus thermophilus is 1.5:1.5:1), 64 parts of bran, 8 parts of starch, 18 parts of soybean enzymolysate, the above materials are mixed well as the base material, and 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide are mixed Combine with 2 parts of glucose, mix with water at a weight ratio of 5%, after mixing, incubate in an incubator at 37 ° C for 12 hours, and then mix with sea cucumber wet material according to a weight ratio of 5% of sea cucumber wet material.

The preparation method of the soybean enzymolysate is as follows: respectively take trypsin and flavor enzyme, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 4:1. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100. Add water at a ratio of 1:5 and stir to fully dissolve it, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 ° C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 4 hours. The enzymatic hydrolysate is freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain the final enzymatic hydrolysate.

The composition of the sea cucumber wet material is: 18 parts of seaweed powder, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of α-starch, 0.3 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 parts of multivitamins, and 8 parts of shell powder , 58 parts of sea mud, the raw materials are mixed and stirred and then crushed and screened to make sea cucumber wet material.

In this example, the specific production method of the special feed for micro-ecological type sea cucumber:

1) Preparation of soybean enzymolysate: Take trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 4:1. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 1 :5 Add water and stir to fully dissolve, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30 r/min, enzymolysis for 4 hours, and put the enzymatic hydrolysis solution in 4 hours later. Freeze-drying is carried out in a freeze-drying machine to obtain soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate;

2) Preparation of sea cucumber wet material: Weigh 18 parts of seaweed powder, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of α-starch, 0.3 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 parts of complex vitamins, shells 8 parts of powder and 58 parts of sea mud are mixed for the first time, the mixing time is 60-120 seconds, and coarse powder is carried out after mixing, and the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a ø2.0mm screen; Pulverized, the fineness of the pulverization is more than 120 mesh, and the oversize of the standard sieve is less than 5%;

3) Preparation of triple probiotics: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus thermophilus are mixed and prepared in a ratio of 1.5:1.5:1;

4) Weighing: according to the weight of each component;

5) Activation: Stir and mix the weighed bran, starch and soybean enzymolysate as base material, combine glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide, mix with 5% water by weight and spray on the base material, stir evenly as a culture medium, add the prepared triple probiotics to the culture medium for secondary stirring, then put it into the incubator, and cultivate it at 37°C for 14 hours before use;

6) Secondary mixing: add the culture medium fermented by the activated probiotics in step 5) to the sea cucumber wet material prepared in step 2) and mix and stir, the addition ratio is 5% of the weight of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 second;

7) Extrusion granulation: input the mixed raw materials into a granulator for granulation, the diameter of the granulation template is ø2.0mm, and the granulation length is 1 times the particle size.

The prepared soft bar feed was directly fed to a 5-gram pond cultured sea cucumber within 6 hours.

In order to show the actual effect of the present invention, the specific example of adopting the special feed for feeding sea cucumber of micro-ecological type sea cucumber of the present invention is specially provided:

1. On May 3, 2018, a breeding base purchased more than 480 sea cucumbers with a unit weight of about 20 grams from Rizhao, Shandong, and adopted closed-circuit recirculating aquaculture. They were divided into 2 groups, each with 3 ponds. The whole algae meal feed and the feed of the present invention were used until July 2, 2018. During a period of 2 months, the feed of the present invention was very attractive to Apostichopus japonicus, and the feeding behavior was regular. take shape. The weight gain rate of the sea cucumbers fed the feed of the invention reaches 100-120%, and the survival rate is about 93%, while the weight gain rate of the sea cucumbers fed with the whole algae powder feed group is 50-70%, and the survival rate is about 80%. The breeding effect of sea cucumber exceeds that of whole algal meal feed.

Through experimental comparison, it was found that there was almost no trace of sea cucumber crawling at the bottom of the breeding pond fed the whole algae meal feed, and there was less feces, indicating that the sea cucumber had poor feeding, and the bottom was sticky and easy to rot and smell. Compared with the common powdery commercial feed, the feed of the present invention has the advantages of clean water quality, no smelly bottom, light sea cucumber vomiting, no sticking to the bottom, good food attraction and high growth rate, and can realize low carbon and environmental protection of sea cucumber. , Harmless farming.

2. In a farm in Penglai, on April 10, 2019, 50,000 sea cucumbers with a unit weight of 30 grams were cultivated and cultivated in a cement pond. Among them, 30,000 sea cucumbers were fed the formula feed of the present invention, and the other 20,000 sea cucumbers were fed The seaweed powder was fed under the same conditions as stocking density, water temperature, and water change amount. After 6 months of feeding, that is, on October 10 of the same year, the weight gain of the sea cucumbers fed the feed of the present invention reached about 190%, and the reduction was greatly reduced during the breeding process. The odorless water phenomenon occurs when the frequency of water exchange is changed, and the sea cucumbers fed with seaweed powder all gain about 150% in weight. The conclusion shows that the feed product of the present invention has outstanding advantages.

The above-listed embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions that can be realized according to the ideas of the present invention belong to the present invention scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. a special feed for microecological type Apostichopus japonicus, it is characterized in that being mixed with sea cucumber wet material through the culture medium of probiotics fermentation, and each component weight portion is respectively in the culture medium of described fermentation: triple probiotics 4 -6 parts, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 56-64 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch, 18-22 parts of soybean enzymolysate, all components are mixed at 37-42 ℃ Incubate for 10-14 hours, and then mix it with the sea cucumber wet material in a weight ratio of 4-6% of the sea cucumber wet material. 2. according to the special feed of a kind of microecological type sea cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described triple probiotic is the combination of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus, and the three weight proportions are Bacillus subtilis : Enterococcus faecium: Streptococcus thermophilus = (1.5-2): (1.5-2): (0.8-2). 3 . The special feed for microecological type sea cucumber according to claim 2 , wherein the required activities of the Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus are all ≥1.0×10 ¹¹ CFU/g. 4 . 4. according to the described a kind of microecological type sea cucumber special feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation method of described soybean enzymolysate is: get trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, according to the weight of 3-5:1-1.5 The compound enzyme is prepared in a ratio of 1:100-120. The compound enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100-120. Add water and stir to fully dissolve according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5. The temperature was raised to 52 °C, the stirring speed was set to 30 r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 4 hours. After 4 hours, the enzymatic hydrolysis solution was freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain the final soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate. . 5. The special feed for microecological type Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 4, characterized in that the required activity of the trypsin is greater than or equal to 4000 U/g; the required activity of the flavor enzyme is greater than or equal to 30000 U/g. 6. according to the described a kind of microecological type sea cucumber special feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that described sea cucumber wet material is a mixture of multiple raw materials, wherein each raw material weight part is respectively: 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, fish meal 3.5-5 parts, shrimp powder 2.5-4 parts, yeast powder 0.2-0.5 parts, soybean meal 1.5-3 parts, alpha-starch 4-6 parts, complex minerals 0.2-1 parts, multivitamins 0.1-0.6 parts, shell powder 4-8 parts, 56-64 parts of sea mud, each raw material is mixed and stirred, then crushed and screened. 7. according to a kind of micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described seaweed powder is seaweed powder mixture, and requires protein content≥12%, carbohydrate content≥50%. 8. according to the described a kind of micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation method of described micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed, comprises the following steps: 1) Preparation of soybean enzymolysate: Take trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, and prepare a composite enzyme in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5. The composite enzyme and soybean protein concentrate are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:100-120. , according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, add water and stir to fully dissolve it, put it into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, heat up to 52 °C, set the stirring speed to 30r/min, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 4 hours. , 4 hours later, the enzymatic hydrolysate is freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain soybean enzymatic hydrolysate; 2) Preparation of sea cucumber wet material: Weigh 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp powder, 0.2-0.5 parts of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of α-starch, 0.2-1 part of complex minerals, 0.1-0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 4-8 parts of shell powder, 56-64 parts of sea mud (water content of sea mud ≤ 4%), the first mixing, the mixing time is 60-120 Second, after mixing, carry out coarse powder, and the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a ø2.0mm screen; then use an ultra-fine pulverizer for the second pulverization, and the pulverization fineness is above 120 mesh, and the amount on the standard sieve is less than 5%; 3) Preparation of triple probiotics: take Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of the three (1.5-2): (1.5-2): (0.8-2) to mix and prepare; 4) Weighing: according to the weight of each component; 5) Activation: Stir and mix the weighed bran, starch and soybean enzymatic hydrolyzate as the base material, mix glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide with water, spray on the base material after mixing, stir evenly as a culture medium, and then Add triple probiotics to the culture medium for secondary stirring, then put it into the incubator, activate and cultivate at 37-42°C for 10-14 hours, and then use it for later use; 6) Secondary mixing: Add the culture medium fermented by the activated probiotic bacteria in step 5) to the sea cucumber wet material prepared in step 2) and mix and stir, the addition ratio is 4-6% of the weight of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds; 7) Extrusion granulation: input the mixed raw materials into the granulator for granulation, the diameter of the granulation template is ø1.0-7.5mm, and the granulation length is required to be 0.6-1.0 times the particle diameter, and the micro-granule is prepared. Eco-type sea cucumber special feed. 9. according to the preparation method of a kind of micro-ecological type sea cucumber special feed according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the mass concentration of glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide complex and water mixture in described step 5) is 3-5%. 10. according to the preparation method of a kind of micro-ecological type Apostichopus japonicus special feed according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the produced micro-ecological type Apostichopus japonicus special feed feeding method is: the soft strip feed made directly in 6 hours. It is fed to cage culture or pond-raised sea cucumber for ingestion.