CN111713363A - A kind of protective cultivation measure to prevent the method of field tobacco virus disease - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preventing field tobacco virus diseases by protective cultivation measures relates to the technical field of tobacco field virus disease prevention and control, and comprises the following steps: protection of a seedling raising main body: after a seedling raising greenhouse is built, the seedling raising greenhouse is fully coated with an aphid prevention net; protection and maintenance are carried out in farming management: clean production of tobacco fields; carrying out soil testing and formulated fertilization, and controlling the fertilization amount; comprehensive application of prevention measures: the comprehensive control is carried out by matching with agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control. The invention solves the problem that in the prior art, the main technical means of preventing aphids from spreading virus diseases is the main existing technical means by cutting off and reducing the way of spreading virus diseases by aphids at the early stage because the diseases in tobacco fields are lack of effective treatment and remedy means after the diseases occur.

Description

A kind of protective cultivation measure to prevent the method of field tobacco virus disease

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of tobacco field virus disease, in particular to a method for preventing field tobacco virus disease by protective cultivation measures.

Background technique

my country is the world's largest producer of tobacco, and tobacco is an important economic crop in my country. Tobacco has a wide variety of pests and diseases, which are harmful to tobacco production. According to the National Tobacco Infectious Disease Survey and the National Tobacco Insect Survey, there are 68 kinds of tobacco infective diseases and more than 200 kinds of pests in my country. With the change of climate environment, crop layout and cultivation system, the occurrence of tobacco diseases and insect pests in my country is on the rise. The main diseases of tobacco are tobacco bacterial wilt, tobacco scab, tobacco black shank, etc., and the main pests are Myzus persicae, Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, etc.

At present, chemical control is the main method for preventing and controlling tobacco pests in my country, but the long-term and extensive use of chemical pesticides will cause harm to the environment and people's health. Tobacco production and tobacco products are gradually developing in the direction of safety and ecology, and people are paying more and more attention to their own health and living environment.

The existing diseases in tobacco fields lack effective treatment and remedial measures after the occurrence, which reduces the yield and benefit of tobacco leaves. The best method is still to give priority to prevention and comprehensive control. The main technical means is to avoid aphid to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling tobacco aphid-borne virus disease, which has received extensive attention from countries all over the world.

To sum up, the prior art obviously has inconvenience and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a protective cultivation measure to prevent tobacco virus disease in the field, in order to solve the problem of the lack of effective treatment and remedial means after the occurrence of the disease in the tobacco field in the traditional technology, how to cut off and reduce the In the early stage of the way aphids spread virus diseases, it has become the main problem to achieve aphid avoidance as the main technical means.

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A method for preventing field tobacco virus disease by protective cultivation measures, comprising the following steps:

S1: Protection of the main body of the nursery: After the nursery greenhouse is built, it is fully covered with an anti-aphid net.

S2: Protection and maintenance of agricultural management: clean production of tobacco fields; implement soil testing and formula fertilization to control the amount of fertilization.

S3: Comprehensive use of prevention and control measures: comprehensive prevention and control in conjunction with agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.

As an optimized solution, the mesh number of the anti-aphid net is 40. The depth of winter ploughing is not less than 25cm, the depth of subsoiling is more than 40cm, and the rotation mode is adopted.

As an optimized solution, the tobacco seedlings were transplanted to the nursery greenhouse for 2 months, the tobacco plants were topped, and the anti-aphid net was removed.

As an optimized solution, the clean production of tobacco fields includes degrading plastic film, recycling waste plastic film, and removing film and cultivating soil.

As an optimized solution, soil testing and formula fertilization include classification according to the pros and cons of geological watering conditions, wherein the content of organic nitrogen in geology with good watering conditions is 40%; the content of organic nitrogen in geology with poor watering conditions is 40%. 35%.

As an optimized solution, controlling the amount of fertilization includes adding phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer according to different geology of watering conditions, and fertilizing in different times.

As an optimized solution, agricultural prevention and control includes winter ploughing, crop rotation, disease prevention, soil conservation, control of water-borne diseases, standardized operation for disease prevention, cleaning of diseased residues, increased application of organic fertilizers to improve disease resistance, and health-care cultivation.

As an optimized solution, physical control includes remodeling of ridges, setting up isolation belts, and installing traps.

As an optimized solution, the biological control includes control of aphids by Braconia mellifera, control of Bemisia tabaci by wasps, and control of Bemisia tabaci and/or cotton bollworm by Trichogramma and/or beetle.

As an optimized solution, chemical control includes inhibition of spore germination or mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria by Bordeaux mixture.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention is a continuous prevention and control technology of tobacco virus disease mainly based on agricultural prevention and control. In the early stage of the field, tobacco plants are mainly covered with aphid-proof nets to realize the prevention and control of tobacco virus diseases, and the growth period of the tobacco seedling net is about 2 months. After topping the tobacco plants, remove the anti-aphid net; then cooperate with agricultural management, do a good job in field sanitation, rationally apply water and fertilizer, and comprehensively use other agricultural control, chemical control and biological control measures to carry out comprehensive control of tobacco virus diseases. Work;

The invention is a green prevention and control technology, with early prevention, the amount of pesticide application is significantly reduced, no pesticide residues are formed, and at the same time, the chance of contacting and spreading virus diseases due to agricultural operations is reduced, and the transmission route of tobacco virus diseases is cut off. Effectively prevent the occurrence of aphid-borne virus diseases;

The invention can achieve good economic benefits and social effects. Through the implementation and application, it is found that the average net income per hectare of tobacco fields is more than 2,500 yuan higher than that of the control tobacco fields. And through the implementation and application of the present invention, tobacco farmers can intuitively understand the importance of preventing and controlling aphids to prevent aphid-borne viruses, and protective cultivation has a very good disease prevention effect. Production can play a positive role in promoting; it is easy to operate, easy to manufacture and use on a large scale, and has a wide range of applications.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for preventing field tobacco virus disease by protective cultivation measures, comprising the following steps:

S1: Protection of the main body of the nursery: After the nursery greenhouse is built, it is fully covered with an anti-aphid net.

S2: Protection and maintenance of agricultural management: clean production of tobacco fields; implement soil testing and formula fertilization to control the amount of fertilization.

S3: Comprehensive use of prevention and control measures: comprehensive prevention and control in conjunction with agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.

The mesh number of the anti-aphid net is 40. The depth of winter ploughing is not less than 25cm, the depth of subsoiling is more than 40cm, and the rotation mode is adopted.

Tobacco seedlings were transplanted to the nursery greenhouse for 2 months, topped the tobacco plants, and removed the anti-aphid net.

Cleaner production of tobacco fields includes degrading plastic film, recycling waste plastic film, and removing film and cultivating soil.

Soil testing and formula fertilization include classification according to the pros and cons of geological watering conditions. The content of organic nitrogen in geology with good watering conditions is 40%; in geology with poor watering conditions, the content of organic nitrogen is 35%.

Controlling the amount of fertilization includes adding phosphate fertilizer and micro-fertilizer according to different geology of watering conditions, and fertilizing in different times.

Agricultural prevention and control include winter ploughing, crop rotation, disease prevention, soil conservation, water-borne disease control, standardized operation for disease prevention, cleaning of diseased bodies, increased application of organic fertilizers to improve disease resistance, and health-care cultivation.

Physical control includes remodeling of ridges, setting up isolation belts, and installing traps.

Biological control includes wasps against aphids, wasps against bemisia tabaci, and trichogramma and/or beetles against tobacco caterpillars and/or bollworms.

Chemical control includes inhibition of spore germination or mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria by means of Bordeaux mixture.

The concrete operation method of the present invention is:

1. The covering method and arrangement method of the anti-aphid net;

Cover the greenhouse with a 40-mesh anti-aphid net (generally 0.033hm ² or 0.067hm ² for each greenhouse), and transplant the flue-cured tobacco into the greenhouse covered with the anti-aphid net to ensure that the tobacco plants are covered by the gauze throughout the whole process after transplanting. The growth period of the seedling net is about 2 months. After the tobacco plants are topped, the anti-aphid net is removed; then cooperate with agricultural management, do a good job in field sanitation, rationally apply water and fertilizer, and comprehensively use other agricultural control, chemical control and biological control. and other measures to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of tobacco virus diseases.

1. Choose a place. In accordance with the planning and construction standards for protective greenhouses, select plots with length and width that match, and the terrain is flat for easy excavation.

2. The column is buried. According to the column spacing of 4 meters (a total of 4 rows of buried), the distance between the columns in each row is 1.5 meters, and the pits are dug with a depth of about 40 cm. In principle, the middle column should be buried slightly higher than the two sides of the column. After the column is buried, fix the surrounding column to the top column, pay attention to the direction of the top column.

3. Wire fixation. After burying the column, fix it in series with iron wire on the top of the column. After covering the net, make sure that the gauze does not collapse. Note that the wire must be tightened.

4. Covered mesh. After the gauze is sewn, it is covered. The surrounding gauze must be buried 30-40 cm deep, and it is best to set a door on one side of the greenhouse to facilitate access to the ground.

5. Pull the lamination rope. After the gauze is covered, press the net with horizontal and vertical ropes. Every 5 meters, there is a pressing rope, 10 short ones, and tie stones on both sides to tie them tightly to bury; Buried tightly.

6. Check processing. Mainly check the firmness and tightness, and check and fix the direction of the top column, the tightness of the iron wire and the pressure net rope.

2. The specific operation of agricultural management and the specific requirements of field sanitation operation.

1. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and implement soil testing and formula fertilization.

In general, the application of pure nitrogen per mu in tobacco fields should not exceed 5kg. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, control the proportion of organic nitrogen in sandy soil and loam soil with good watering conditions at about 40% of the total nitrogen content, and control the proportion of organic nitrogen in soil with poor watering conditions at about 35%. Phosphate fertilizers and micro-fertilizers should be added according to local conditions. Improve the fertilization method, optimize the proportion of basic and top-dressing fertilizers, implement fertilization in batches, expand the integration of water and fertilizer, and achieve more than 30% of the top-dressing scale of drip irrigation.

Adapting measures to local conditions: According to the specific conditions of each place (plain or hills, soil type, previous crops, characteristics of varieties requiring fertilizer, watering conditions), formulate appropriate measures

Inorganic fertilizers generally use tobacco compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, etc.; organic fertilizers generally use soybeans (bean cake).

Improve the fertilization method: that is, optimize the ratio of base and top dressing, implement fertilization in stages, and expand the integration of water and fertilizer.

Fractional fertilization:

1. Strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the ratio is reasonable. The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphorus fertilizer: potassium fertilizer is 1:0.8~1.5:2.0~3.0.

2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer (such as bean cake), and control the proportion of organic nitrogen at 30% to 45%.

3. Fertilize in stages, the pure nitrogen content of base fertilizer accounts for about 70%, and seedling raising fertilizer and top dressing account for about 30%, depending on the situation; potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate are used as seedling raising fertilizer and top dressing.

4. Use zinc and boron micro-fertilizer in the tobacco plots in the first year, and use them every other year in the perennial tobacco plots.

Fractional fertilization to expand the integration of water and fertilizer:

1. Fertilizer distribution. Fertilizers are distributed in stages according to the links of base fertilizer, seedling raising fertilizer, and top dressing.

2. Ridging and fertilizing. Apply basal fertilizer when raising ridges: apply organic fertilizer strips to the center line of the ridge with a depth of about 20 cm; inorganic fertilizer strips used as basal fertilizers are applied to both sides of the ridge with a depth of 10-15 cm; the amount of fertilizer applied is uniform.

4. Apply seedling fertilizer. Conventional transplanting hole application, well cellar transplanting irrigation, quantitative to the plant, 0.5 ~ 0.75 kg of pure nitrogen per mu.

5. Apply top dressing. Whether or not to fertilize is determined according to factors such as tobacco field growth and climate. If top-dressing is really needed, the amount of top-dressing should be reasonably determined, and the top-dressing holes should be applied to both sides of the tobacco plant, 10-15 cm deep, or drip irrigation before massaging.

2. Cleaner production of tobacco fields.

It mainly includes technologies such as degrading plastic film, recycling waste plastic film, and removing film and cultivating soil. The use of degradable plastic film can solve the "white pollution" of tobacco fields from the source, improve the soil ecological environment, improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and increase the average income of farmers; at the same time, it can replace the film and soil cultivation, saving time and effort.

Three, comprehensive use of prevention methods:

1. Agricultural control:

(1) Winter ploughing and drying. Timely winter ploughing, all plots should be ploughed at a depth of more than 25 cm in winter, and deep ploughing should be carried out every 2 to 3 years to break the bottom of the plow, mature the soil, improve the soil micro-ecology and micro-environment, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; timely conduct spring raking During the work, the height of the ridges in the plots reached more than 25 cm, which increased the soil permeability and improved the stress resistance and disease resistance of the tobacco plants.

In 2019, all the 96,900 mu tobacco fields in Weifang City were ploughed in deep winter (pine) and raised with high ridges; compared with the years without deep winter ploughing (pine) and high ridges, the incidence of soil-borne diseases in tobacco fields decreased by 5.5% on average. %, the incidence of insect pests decreased by about 6.3% on average.

(2) Rotation to prevent disease. Practically implement the crop rotation system of tobacco leaf planting, and implement the "flue-cured tobacco-sweet potato" crop rotation model in the tobacco fields of tobacco leaf family farms (that is, the planting model of rotating flue-cured tobacco and sweet potato on a tobacco field) The plots that have been continuously planted for more than 2 to 3 years must be rotated. , does not rotate with vegetable crops such as Solanaceae, Cruciferous and Cucurbitaceae, and has played an active role in controlling soil-borne diseases and insect pests.

(3) Soil conservation. Improve the "rape-cured tobacco", "early-maturing wheat-flue-cured tobacco" (that is, the mode of planting rapeseed or early-maturing wheat on a tobacco field, and then planting flue-cured tobacco after mature harvest, referred to as "rape-cured tobacco", "early-maturing wheat-cured tobacco" and so on for two years a year. Two-cropping a year mode) to improve land productivity; carry out research on green manure technology, demonstrate the planting of ryegrass, white clover, alfalfa seeds, amaranth, alfalfa and other green manure returning technologies to effectively increase soil organic matter content and improve Soil physicochemical properties.

(4) Control water-borne diseases. Strictly operate in the mode of high ridge and deep ditch digging. The height of the ridge is more than 25cm in the mountainous tobacco area, 30cm or more in the plain and hilly tobacco area, and the depth of the drainage ditch is not less than 50cm. Tobacco fields in the mountains need to be surrounded by ditches, and it is strictly forbidden to irrigate with flowing water. Promote the application of mulch film over 0.01mm, and promote the removal of film in tobacco fields.

(5) Standardized operation for disease prevention. Minimize operations, remove film for soil cultivation, cultivating, cleaning of foot leaves and topping, etc. to implement normalization treatment, reduce the number of field operations, follow the operating principle of "first healthy plants and then diseased plants", and spray disease resistance before operation. Poisonous agent, reducing the chance of the spread of pests and diseases.

Adjust cultivation techniques, coordinate the relationship among tobacco development, climate resources and soil characteristics, and give full play to the nutritional resistance of tobacco plants. The nursery system is strictly sterilized and sanitized, and the prevention and control of poisonous plants and poison-transmitting aphids around the seedbed is strengthened, and the prevention and control of poison-transmitting aphids in the whole process of seedling cultivation: gauze to prevent aphids, reduce manual operations, and control water and aphids during seedling cultivation. When transplanting at an appropriate time, try to avoid the adverse effects of severe cooling or cold air accompanied by continuous rain on the root development of tobacco plants shortly after planting. Plant early in dry season. Comprehensively promote the protection of plastic film mulching, planting in high furrows and wide ridges, and planting with mulch. Remove the film and cultivate the soil early, and remove the lower old leaves as early as possible. The normalization of multiple farming operations reduces the number of field operations and reduces the probability of pest and disease transmission.

(6) Clean up of sick and disabled bodies. Early-onset tobacco plants should be removed in time, and the bottom leaves, forks, and tobacco stalks should be cleaned in a timely manner, and centralized treatment should be carried out to keep the tobacco fields clean.

(7) Increase the application of organic fertilizers to improve disease resistance. Increase the application of cake fertilizer or farmyard manure, add 15-50 kg of decomposed and fermented cake fertilizer or 30-50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, and the proportion of organic nitrogen accounts for more than 35% to enhance the microbial diversity and activity of tobacco fields and protect the soil micro-ecological environment. , reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.

Promote the application of quicklime to improve the soil, and the general amount per mu is about 150kg. Demonstrate and popularize high-quality compost, biological bacterial fertilizer, microbial inoculant and compound microbial fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants.

(8) "Healthcare cultivation mode" reduces the number of farming operations.

Adjust cultivation techniques, coordinate the relationship among tobacco development, climate resources and soil characteristics, and give full play to the nutritional resistance of tobacco plants. The nursery system is strictly sterilized and sanitized, and the prevention and control of poisonous plants and poison-transmitting aphids around the seedbed is strengthened, and the prevention and control of poison-transmitting aphids in the whole process of seedling cultivation: gauze to prevent aphids, reduce manual operations, and control water and aphids during seedling cultivation. When transplanting at an appropriate time, try to avoid the adverse effects of severe cooling or cold air accompanied by continuous rain on the root development of tobacco plants shortly after planting. Plant early in dry season. Comprehensively promote the protection of plastic film mulching, planting in high furrows and wide ridges, and planting with mulch. Remove the film and cultivate the soil early, and remove the lower old leaves as early as possible.

2. Physical control:

(1) Remodeling of ridges.

Promote ridge remodeling technology, select the most suitable flowering plants (sesame, sunflower, etc.), build biological trapping belts on the roadside of tobacco fields and on both sides of ridges, improve the biodiversity of tobacco fields, form natural enemy nurseries, and increase the number of natural enemy populations. This greatly reduces the use of pesticides.

Retain gramineous weeds around tobacco fields or on the ridges to provide transition hosts for natural enemies; or plant flowering plants such as alfalfa and soybeans on the ridges to protect and improve the ability of natural enemies such as spiders and parasitic wasps to control damage; or plant perilla, Attract or avoid plants such as sunflower and marigold to reduce the population base of field pests.

(2) Set the isolation belt.

Planting isolation belts in relatively independent, square-shaped tobacco fields can reduce the chance of human-made pests and diseases spreading. Or plant golden leaf locust, golden leaf elm, sunflower and other aphid-attracting plants on the edge of the field to prevent the number of winged aphids from moving into the tobacco field, reduce the number of aphids in the tobacco field, thereby reducing the spread of the virus in the tobacco field and reducing the effect of disease.

(3) Install traps. Use traps + sex pheromones to trap pests in tobacco fields, mainly popularize traps for tobacco caterpillars and cotton bollworms, install traps 15-20 days after tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and install one cotton bollworm and one tobacco caterpillar traps every 3 acres of land (ie Install a trap every 1.5 mu), change a lure core every month, the average control effect reaches more than 85%, reduces the use of insect control pesticides, reduces the number of agricultural operations, and protects tobacco leaves, personal and ecological safety.

3. Biological control:

(1) Control of aphids by Braconid aphid. After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted to the field, a small greenhouse for beekeeping is set up in the continuous flue-cured tobacco planting field. The number of bee sheds is set up as a small greenhouse for every 300 mu. The number of bees is about 800-1000.

Control of aphids by Braconid aphid: According to the survey results of field bee release, the average biological control effect reaches 70.0%-78.0% in technology promotion areas, and the application amount of chemical pesticides for aphid control is reduced by 100%.

(2) Bemisia tabaci control of Bemisia tabaci.

Tobacco is used as a host plant to breed Bemisia tabaci in large quantities to breed Bemisia tabaci. After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the field, the bees are released in stages. The amount of bees released per mu is 1500-2000. The average biological control effect is to around 60%.

(3) Trichogramma and beetle to control tobacco caterpillar / cotton bollworm.

It is best to release the beetle in the early stage of the occurrence of tobacco caterpillars/h. armigera, and it is best to release it in cloudy days or in the evening. According to the control target, release 20-50 heads per mu. In the later stage, supplementary release is carried out according to the number of pests. Taking advantage of the characteristics that Trichogramma can efficiently parasitize the eggs of pests, in 2019, Trichogramma's control technology for tobacco caterpillars / cotton bollworm was promoted in 3,500 acres in Zhucheng, with an average control effect of about 60.0%.

In 2019, 3,500 mu of technology for the prevention and control of tobacco caterpillars / cotton bollworm were promoted, with the average biological control effect reaching 75%, and the pesticides for the control of tobacco caterpillars / cotton bollworm were reduced by about 45%.

4. Chemical control:

Bordeaux mixture is a protective inorganic copper fungicide that inhibits spore germination or mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria by releasing soluble copper ions. In all tobacco fields, the measures of general spraying of Bordeaux liquid protective agent 2-3 times were promoted, and the coverage rate was 100%; the use of biopesticides such as atelin, abamectin, ningnanmycin and matrine, etc. was also promoted. Achieved full coverage promotion.

After the above-mentioned comprehensive prevention and control, the incidence of viral diseases in 2019 has been significantly reduced:

In the tobacco fields covered with omentum, the incidence rate of TMV common mosaic virus disease was 1.89%; the incidence rate of CMV cucumber mosaic disease was 1.52%; the incidence rate of PVY potato virus Y was 2.14%;

In the uncovered control tobacco fields, the incidence of TMV common mosaic virus disease was 9.90%; the incidence of CMV cucumber mosaic disease was 8.81%; the incidence of PVY potato virus Y was 13.4%;

In conclusion, the protective effect of gauze effectively controlled the spread of aphids to the disease, and the virus disease was significantly reduced. With gauze covering treatment, the incidence of three tobacco virus diseases was very low.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The scope of the invention should be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a protective cultivation measure prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps: S1: Protection of the main body of the nursery: After the nursery greenhouse is built, it is fully covered with an anti-aphid net. S2: Protection and maintenance of agricultural management: clean production of tobacco fields; implement soil testing and formula fertilization to control the amount of fertilization. S3: Comprehensive use of prevention and control measures: comprehensive prevention and control in conjunction with agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control. 2. a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1 prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, it is characterized in that: the mesh number of described aphid prevention net is 40. The depth of winter ploughing is not less than 25cm, the depth of subsoiling is more than 40cm, and the rotation mode is adopted. 3. a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1 prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, it is characterized in that: tobacco seedlings are transplanted to nursery greenhouse for 2 months, tobacco plant is topped, and removes anti-aphid network. 4. the method for the prevention of field tobacco virus disease by a protective cultivation measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: tobacco field clean production comprises degrading plastic film, waste plastic film recycling and peeling film and cultivate soil. 5. a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1 prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, it is characterized in that: soil testing formula fertilization comprises classification according to the watering condition pros and cons of geological, wherein good geological watering condition The content of organic nitrogen in the soil is 40%; the content of organic nitrogen in the geology with poor watering conditions is 35%. 6. a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1 prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, it is characterized in that: control fertilization dosage comprises, increase phosphate fertilizer, micro-fertilizer according to the different geology of watering condition, and carry out grading Fertilize. 7. a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1 prevents the method for field tobacco virus disease, it is characterized in that: agricultural prevention and control comprises winter ploughing and drying, disease prevention in rotation, soil conservation, control of running water-borne diseases, standardized operation prevention. Disease, sick and residual body cleaning, increase the application of organic fertilizer to improve disease resistance and health-care cultivation. 8. The method for preventing field tobacco virus disease by protective cultivation measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: physical prevention and control comprises ridge remodeling, setting isolation belts and installing traps. 9. the method for the prevention of field tobacco virus disease by a kind of protective cultivation measure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: biological control comprises the control of Aphids by Braconia tabaci, the control of Bemisia tabaci and Trichogramma and /or Beetle bugs to control tobacco caterpillars and/or cotton bollworm. 10 . The method for preventing tobacco virus disease in field by protective cultivation measures according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical control comprises inhibiting spore germination or mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria by Bordeaux mixture. 11 .