CN111707860B - Sensitive element of optical fiber voltage sensor - Google Patents
Sensitive element of optical fiber voltage sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111707860B CN111707860B CN202010683388.5A CN202010683388A CN111707860B CN 111707860 B CN111707860 B CN 111707860B CN 202010683388 A CN202010683388 A CN 202010683388A CN 111707860 B CN111707860 B CN 111707860B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/247—Details of the circuitry or construction of devices covered by G01R15/241 - G01R15/246
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/32—Compensating for temperature change
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element which is characterized in that the materials, the geometric shapes and the sizes of two piezoelectric crystals are the same, optical fibers with the same length are laid on the surface of each piezoelectric crystal in the same bonding mode, one of the piezoelectric crystals with the optical fibers laid is used as a sensing optical fiber sensitive element, and the other piezoelectric crystal with the optical fibers laid is used as a compensating optical fiber sensitive element. Two beams of polarized light are alternately transmitted along the fast and slow axes of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element and the compensating optical fiber sensitive element, the birefringence phase difference is mutually counteracted, only the phase difference introduced by the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric crystal is reserved, the reciprocity is realized, and the problems that the polymer optical fiber is sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and the like and the bending loss of the polymer optical fiber is large are solved. Compared with the method of winding the optical fiber on the piezoelectric crystal, the method overcomes the limitation of large-angle bending on the size of the piezoelectric crystal, avoids a plurality of adverse effects caused by bending of the optical fiber, and has the advantages of high sensitivity of environmental disturbance resistance, high precision and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a voltage sensor sensitive element, in particular to an optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element.
Background
In the prior art, a reverse piezoelectric optical fiber voltage sensor for a voltage detection device of a power system is a method in which a sensing optical fiber is wound on a piezoelectric crystal, the reverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric crystal is utilized to sense voltage, and a full digital signal processing technology is utilized to obtain the voltage to be detected. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic induction type voltage transformer, the optical fiber voltage sensor has the advantages of wide frequency band, large dynamic range, no electromagnetic interference, small size, light weight, simple structure and the like besides excellent insulating property, and is a novel voltage detection device for the power system which is researched by various countries at present. However, due to the influence of environmental disturbances such as temperature, the development and application of the optical fiber voltage sensor in the engineering technical field are limited due to low precision, stability and reliability, and how to fundamentally solve the problem of environmental adaptability of the optical fiber voltage sensor so as to improve the precision, stability and reliability of the optical fiber voltage sensor becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art on the basis of keeping the advantages of the prior art, and provides the optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element which has the advantages of high environmental disturbance resistance, high precision, stability, good reliability, wide application range and long service life.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element is characterized in that the number of the piezoelectric crystals is two, the material, the geometric shape and the size of each piezoelectric crystal are the same, the optical fibers with the same length are laid on the surface of each piezoelectric crystal in the same bonding mode, one piezoelectric crystal with the optical fibers laid is used as a sensing optical fiber sensitive element, and the other piezoelectric crystal with the optical fibers laid is used as a compensating optical fiber sensitive element.
Furthermore, the optical fibers with the same length are laid on the surface of each piezoelectric crystal in the same bonding mode and are laid along the height direction of the piezoelectric crystal, and the optical fibers are fixed by bonding at equal distances from the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal and close to the expansion coefficient of the piezoelectric crystal respectively.
Furthermore, the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are bonded to each other in a 90-degree manner, and a sheath is sleeved at the bonding point.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element are applied with voltage to be measured, and the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal of the compensating optical fiber sensitive element are not applied with voltage.
Furthermore, the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensitive element are both single-mode polarization-maintaining polymer optical fibers.
The optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element has the advantages that:
1. compared with the quartz optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element in the prior art, the optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element has wider filament diameter range, refractive index range and larger numerical aperture, can effectively improve the sensitivity of the sensor sensitive element, and ensures that a system connected with the sensor sensitive element has wide dynamic measurement range and good long-term stability;
2. the optical fiber voltage sensor sensing element adopts two piezoelectric crystals, each piezoelectric crystal is the same in material, geometric shape and size, optical fibers with the same length are laid on the surface of each piezoelectric crystal in the same bonding mode, one piezoelectric crystal with the optical fibers laid thereon is used as a sensing optical fiber sensing element, the other piezoelectric crystal with the optical fibers laid thereon is used as a compensating optical fiber sensing element, the optical fibers laid on the surface of each piezoelectric crystal are laid along the height direction of the piezoelectric crystal, the optical fibers are respectively bonded and fixed by glue with expansion coefficients close to those of the piezoelectric crystals at equal distances from the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal, the optical fibers of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fibers of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are bonded at 90 degrees, two beams of polarized light are alternately transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the sensing optical fiber and the compensating optical fiber, the birefringence phase difference is mutually offset, only the phase difference introduced by the inverse piezoelectric crystal piezoelectric effect is reserved, the reciprocity is realized structurally, the problem that the polymer optical fibers are sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature is solved, and the problem that the bending loss of the polymer optical fibers is larger is solved by using a new optical fiber laying scheme. Compared with the prior art, the method for winding the optical fiber on the piezoelectric crystal overcomes the limitation of large-angle bending on the size of the piezoelectric crystal, effectively avoids a plurality of adverse effects caused by bending of the optical fiber, and has the advantages of high sensitivity and precision of environmental disturbance resistance and long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing element of a fiber-optic voltage sensor in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing element of the fiber-optic voltage sensor of embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the 90 ° alignment of the sensing fiber sensing element of the present invention with the compensating fiber sensing element;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the application of the sensing element of the fiber optic voltage sensor of embodiment 1 in a reverse piezoelectric fiber optic voltage sensor;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application of the optical fiber voltage sensor sensing element of embodiment 2 in a reverse piezoelectric optical fiber voltage sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the optical fiber voltage sensor sensing element of embodiment 1 includes two cylindrical piezoelectric crystals 801 and 806, the two piezoelectric crystals 801 and 806 are made of the same material, the same geometric shape and the same size, optical fibers with the same length are laid on the surfaces of the two piezoelectric crystals 801 and 806 in the same bonding manner, the optical fibers are laid along the height direction of the two piezoelectric crystals 801 and 806, the optical fibers are fixed by bonding with expansion coefficients close to those of the piezoelectric crystals at equal distances from the upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric crystals, respectively, one of the piezoelectric crystals 801 with the optical fibers laid thereon is used as a sensing optical fiber sensing element, and the other of the piezoelectric crystals 806 with the optical fibers laid thereon is used as a compensation optical fiber sensing element.
The optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are bonded to each other in a 90-degree manner. The length of the sensing fiber sensing element fiber between the 90 ° splice point 805 to the output of the faraday rotator is equal to the length of the compensating fiber sensing element fiber between the splice point 805 to the mirror 9. And a protective sleeve 804 is used for reinforcing and protecting the 90-degree bonding point 805. The specific laying and pasting mode of the optical fibers of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element is as follows: the positions with equal distance between the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal 801 are provided with glue fixing lines 803, an optical fiber is arranged between the two glue fixing lines, and the free end of the optical fiber is arranged outside the glue fixing lines, so that the length is unlimited, and the phenomenon of overlarge loss caused by bending is prevented. The upper glue fixing line and the lower glue fixing line are parallel, so that the optical fiber length of the sensing optical fiber sensing element can be conveniently calculated. And a stress meter is used for measurement in the optical fiber pasting process, so that the stress borne by each section of optical fiber between two glue fixing lines is the same, and each sensing optical fiber unit is relatively independent.
The specific arrangement and sticking mode of the optical fibers of the compensation optical fiber sensitive element is the same as that of the optical fibers of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the sensing element of the fiber-optic voltage sensor of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that the two piezoelectric crystals 801 and 806 are square. The shape of the piezoelectric crystal is not limited to the embodiment, and piezoelectric crystals of other shapes may be used.
Referring to fig. 3, the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element is bonded to the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element by 90 ° pair axis, x and y respectively represent the fast axis and the slow axis of the optical fiber, and the 90 ° bonding is to correspond the fast axis of the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element to the slow axis of the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a voltage to be measured is applied to the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal 801 of the sensing optical fiber sensing element, that is, a voltage is applied to the radial position of axial symmetry, no voltage is applied to the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal 806 of the compensation optical fiber sensing element, the height of the piezoelectric crystal 801 of the sensing optical fiber sensing element changes, the length of an optical fiber, the refractive index of a fiber core and the core diameter of the sensing optical fiber arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 801 of the sensing optical fiber sensing element are affected by stress, and the changes cause two beams of light transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis in the optical fiber to generate a phase shift proportional to the applied voltage.
The optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are both commercially available single-mode polarization-maintaining polymer optical fibers. The piezoelectric crystal and the adhesive used for sticking adopt the existing commercial products.
The sensing element of the optical fiber voltage sensor has the advantages that:
when voltage is applied to the piezoelectric crystal, the piezoelectric crystal generates mechanical deformation, which causes the length of the sensing optical fiber pasted on the piezoelectric crystal, the refractive index of the fiber core and the diameter of the fiber core to change, and the changes cause two beams of light transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis in the optical fiber to generate phase shift proportional to the applied voltage. By the formula:
E＝σ/ε
where E is Young' S modulus, σ is the force (F/S) received per unit area, and ε is the strain (Δ l/l).
From table 1, it can be seen that the young's modulus of the silica fiber is about 100GPa, while the young's modulus of the polymer fiber is about 3GPa, which is much smaller than that of the silica fiber, so that the polymer fiber is more easily deformed, has better flexibility, and can effectively improve the long-term working stability and measurement sensitivity of the system. Meanwhile, as can be seen from table 1, the polymer optical fiber has high breaking strength, can bear larger deformation, and can effectively enlarge the measurement range of the system.
TABLE 1 comparison of Polymer optical fiber and Quartz optical fiber characteristics
The optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensitive element both adopt polymer optical fibers, and the density of the polymer material is generally 0.83-1.50g/cm 3 Mostly at 1g/cm 3 About, 1/2-1/3 of the density of the glass, and has lighter weight. Meanwhile, the sensing head part adopts a reciprocity structural design, the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are bonded to each other in a 90-degree manner, the phase difference of two beams of light transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis is ensured to be determined only by the piezoelectric crystal deformation caused by the voltage to be measured, the problem that the polymer optical fiber is sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and the like is solved, and the environmental disturbance resistance of the system can be effectively improved. In addition, the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element of the invention break through the traditional thinking that the optical fiber is wound on the piezoelectric crystal, break through the constraint of the prior art, adopt the surface bonding mode of two piezoelectric crystals to lay the optical fiber with the same length, avoid the problems of overlarge optical fiber loss caused by bending and winding, the limitation of the winding radius to the size of the piezoelectric crystal, and the like.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the fiber optic voltage sensor sensing elements of embodiments 1 and 2 can be used in a fiber optic voltage sensor: the optical fiber voltage sensor comprises a light source 1, a light splitting device 2, a polarizer 3, an optical phase modulator 5, a 45-degree Faraday rotator 7, a reflector 9, a photoelectric detector 10 and a full-digital closed-loop processing circuit 11. The device also comprises a 45-degree optical fiber pair shaft fusion point 4, a delay optical fiber ring 6 and a sensing head 8 which is formed by an optical fiber voltage sensor sensing element. Light emitted by the light source 1 enters the polarizer 3 through the light splitting device 2, and is changed into a beam of linearly polarized light with the same mode after passing through the polarizer, the polarizer tail fiber and the optical phase modulator tail fiber are welded in a 45-degree optical fiber countershaft mode, the linearly polarized light is changed into two orthogonal polarization modes with equal amplitude after passing through a 45-degree optical fiber countershaft welding point 4, enters the optical phase modulator 5, and is transmitted along the fast axis and the slow axis of the delay optical fiber 6 respectively after being modulated. After the voltage reaches the 45-degree Faraday optical rotator 7, the polarization plane rotates by 45 degrees, then the polarization plane enters the sensing head 8, is reflected by the reflector 9 and returns along the original light path, finally the interference occurs in the polarizer 3, the polarization plane enters the photoelectric detector 10 after passing through the light splitting device 2, and the voltage value applied to two ends of the piezoelectric crystal is obtained after the processing of the full-digital closed-loop processing circuit 11.
The optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensing element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are bonded in a 90-degree counter shaft mode, and after light transmitted in the fast shaft and the slow shaft of the optical fiber passes through a 90-degree bonding point 805, the complementation of orthogonal polarization modes is realized, namely the polarization plane is rotated by 90 degrees. The polarized light travels along the optical fiber to the mirror 9 and is reflected back along the original optical path. The plane of polarization is again rotated by 90 deg. as it is reflected back through the 90 deg. bond point 805. The phase difference generated by the inverse piezoelectric effect is doubled again after passing through the optical fiber 802 of the sensing optical fiber sensing element, and then reaches the 45-degree Faraday rotator 7. The plane of polarization continues to rotate 45 at this point. Through the process, the two orthogonal polarization modes firstly propagate along the Y, X direction respectively and then propagate along the X, Y direction respectively. And finally, generating interference at the polarizer 3, entering the photoelectric detector 10 after passing through the light splitting device 2, and entering the digital signal processing unit 11 after photoelectric conversion.
The output signal and the gain error of the optical fiber voltage sensor are obtained after the processing, and the output signal is input to the optical phase modulator 5 as a feedback signal at the next time to form a main feedback loop. The gain error is accumulated and used for controlling the gain of the main feedback loop to form a second feedback loop. The magnitude of the applied voltage is finally resolved through operation, and the function of measuring the voltage is realized.
The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not exhaustive, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and other substantially equivalent alternatives may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the embodiments of the present invention without inventive faculty.
Claims (3)
1. The optical fiber voltage sensor sensitive element is characterized in that the surface of each piezoelectric crystal is laid in the same mode and laid in a bonding mode, the optical fiber is laid in the height direction of the piezoelectric crystal, the optical fiber is fixedly bonded at equal distances from the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal by using bonding close to the expansion coefficient of the piezoelectric crystal, and the optical fiber of the sensing optical fiber sensitive element and the optical fiber of the compensating optical fiber sensitive element are single-mode polarization-maintaining polymer optical fibers.
2. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the optical fiber of the sensing fiber optic sensor is bonded to the optical fiber of the compensating fiber optic sensor at a 90 ° angle to the shaft, the bond being jacketed by a jacket.
3. The sensing element of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric crystal of the sensing optical fiber sensing element are applied with voltage to be measured, and the upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric crystal of the compensating optical fiber sensing element are not applied with voltage.
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| CN112648930A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-13 | 东北电力大学 | Light intensity modulation type optical fiber voltage sensor |
| CN114166332B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-07-12 | 珠海任驰光电科技有限公司 | Optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on space orthogonal structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN118393202A (en) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-07-26 | 北京率为机电科技有限公司 | Optical fiber voltage transformer adopting integrated optical transceiver component |
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