CN114166332B - Optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on space orthogonal structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on space orthogonal structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166332B CN114166332B CN202111500952.6A CN202111500952A CN114166332B CN 114166332 B CN114166332 B CN 114166332B CN 202111500952 A CN202111500952 A CN 202111500952A CN 114166332 B CN114166332 B CN 114166332B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and provides an optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a space orthogonal structure and a preparation method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a space orthogonal structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
After the first time a phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (phi-OTDR) technique was proposed by Taylor HF et al in 1993, a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system (DAS) with this as a core has been rapidly developed. The application and popularization of the prior DAS technology in seismic detection, shale gas safety development and the like still have certain technical limitations and application bottlenecks, wherein the most important point is that the limitations of sensing optical fiber uniaxial strain measurement cannot fully characterize different seismic wave modes so that the prior DAS seismic data record has larger difference from the traditional seismometer data record. Aiming at the problem of DAS strain uniaxial sensitivity, based on the research foundation of Kuvshinov B.N. of 2016 Shell company on the sensitivity of a single wound optical fiber to the direction of earthquake waves, research on DAS induction complex wave fields by using spiral wound optical fibers is started by the Corrow mineral institute of technology and the eastern geophysical exploration Limited liability company of China petroleum group, and the Corrow mineral institute is started by the company Optasense, norsar, the university of electronics technology and the China petroleum group. The existing research shows that no matter in a single-fiber winding or multi-wire winding mode, the current monitoring effect is not ideal due to the complex acoustic wave field response and reconstruction model, high process difficulty, mutual restriction of a structure (single-side point type discontinuous measurement) and a sensing mechanism (DAS spatial resolution is sub-meter or meter), and the engineering application reliability and applicability are extremely low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background technology, the invention provides a distributed optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a space orthogonal structure, aiming at the problem of DAS strain uniaxial sensitivity, sensing optical fibers are distributed on a carbon fiber sheet through the carbon fiber sheet of the orthogonal structure, and the sensing optical fibers and a conventional on-axis sensing optical fiber form the distributed optical fiber three-dimensional vibration sensor, so that the distributed three-component vibration sensor not only can realize effective detection of a real distributed vibration signal, but also can greatly improve the responsivity and sensitivity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A first aspect of the present invention provides an optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a spatially orthogonal structure, comprising: the sensor comprises a sensor body, wherein the sensor body comprises a horizontal sensitization medium and a vertical sensitization medium, sensing optical fibers are stuck on the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium, the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium are placed in a space orthogonal structure, an axial sensing optical fiber is freely placed at the joint of the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium, and the axial sensing optical fiber is in a three-dimensional space orthogonal structure.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a spatial orthogonal structure, comprising the steps of:
Determining parameters of a carbon fiber sheet and a sensing optical fiber for manufacturing the sensor;
taking the incident angle and acceleration of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave as variables, performing response simulation and analysis of the carbon fiber sheet on the vibration wave to obtain differential response of the incident angle P wave and the S wave;
and determining each parameter of the sensor according to the differential response of the incident angle P wave and the S wave, and preparing the sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The sensing optical fibers are respectively distributed on two carbon fiber sheets of an orthogonal structure in an S shape, the optical fibers are completely coupled with the carbon fiber sheets, and three-component information of vibration signals is perceived simultaneously with the axially distributed optical fibers, so that a sensitization type novel structure based on the orthogonal carbon fiber sheets is realized; compared with a single-fiber or multi-fiber winding type distributed three-component vibration sensor, the structure (single-side point type non-continuity measurement) and sensing mechanism (DAS spatial resolution is sub-meter or meter) are mutually restricted, and the two advantages of the structure and the sensing mechanism are more important compared with the common DAS system: the two directions of the orthogonal carbon fiber sheet have high acceleration strain sensitivity; and secondly, because the optical fibers on the carbon fiber sheet are distributed in an S shape, the two orthogonal directions have better practical spatial resolution.
The novel sensor structure designed by the invention can realize differential response of P waves and S waves with different incidence angles;
the carbon fiber sheet designed by the invention is a sensitization medium, the elasticity of the sensitization medium is far better than that of the optical fiber, and the response sensitivity of the sensitization medium is greatly improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration sensor;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of the arrangement of vibration sensors in an armored fiber optic cable.
FIGS. 3 (a) -3 (c) are schematic views showing the incidence of P waves at 45 DEG, 30 DEG, 60 DEG and 90 DEG respectively with the Z axis, on two carbon fiber sheets of the X-Z plane and the Y-Z plane;
FIGS. 4 (a) -4 (f) are simulated graphs of strain response of the sensor to vibration waves of different incident angles;
fig. 5 (a) -5 (b) are graphs of differential response of P-waves and S-waves at different angles of incidence.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, the terms such as "upper" and the like refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, but are relational terms used solely for convenience in describing the structural relationships of the components or elements of the present invention, and are not meant to designate any one component or element of the present invention, nor should it be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "coupled" and the like are to be construed broadly and mean either fixedly coupled or integrally coupled or detachably coupled; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Aiming at the problems that the traditional distributed optical fiber seismic sensor is only sensitive to axial strain in a linear mode, the winding process is difficult to realize, the directional sensitivity is poor and inconsistent, the seismic wave field response model is complex, the data analysis robustness is low and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a distributed optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a space orthogonal structure, which comprises a sensor main body, wherein the sensor main body 1 comprises a horizontal sensitization medium 101 and a vertical sensitization medium 102, both the horizontal sensitization medium 101 and the vertical sensitization medium 102 are provided with S-shaped adhesive sensing optical fibers, the horizontal sensitization medium 101 is provided with S-shaped adhesive sensing optical fibers 2, the vertical sensitization medium 2 is provided with S-shaped adhesive sensing optical fibers 3, the horizontal sensitization medium 101 and the vertical sensitization medium 102 are arranged in the space orthogonal structure, an axial sensing optical fiber 4 is freely arranged at the joint of the horizontal sensitization medium 101 and the vertical sensitization medium 102, and the three are in the X-Y-Z three-dimensional space orthogonal structure.
The sensitization medium adopts a carbon fiber sheet, and the carbon fiber sheet has the excellent characteristics of high tensile strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, elasticity far better than that of optical fibers and the like, is suitable for severe environments, and has higher sensitivity to vibration signals;
The invention uses the S-shaped to adhere the sensing optical fiber to the carbon fiber sheet, not only ensures that the sensing optical fiber and the carbon fiber sheet are fused into a whole to jointly respond to the vibration signal to improve the acceleration response sensitivity of the sensing optical fiber, but also uses the S-shaped layout to greatly improve the actual spatial resolution of the novel sensor;
The sensing optical fiber is stuck on the carbon fiber sheet in an S shape, and the orthogonal structure of the two fiber sheets and the plane projection wave field receiving mechanism are combined, so that the differential response of P waves and S waves with different incidence angles can be realized;
The invention designs the carbon fiber sheet stuck with the sensing optical fibers in an orthogonal structure, and the carbon fiber sheet and the sensing optical fibers which are axially distributed are arranged in an X-Y-Z three-dimensional direction, and the three-optical-fiber sensing structure based on spatial orthogonality can sense the component sizes of the vibration signals in three directions at the same time in a distributed manner, so that the distributed three-dimensional vibration signal detection is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the periphery of the sensor body is encapsulated by a metal armor 5 and a protective jacket 6.
A plurality of redundant optical fibers can be arranged in three directions of the sensor and are packaged in the metal armor and the protective jacket, so that the sensor is convenient for field test or application and popularization.
Example two
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a distributed optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a space orthogonal structure, which comprises the following steps:
step one: determining materials, including manufacturing a sensor, selecting materials, selecting dimensions, pasting modes and packaging modes;
The choice of materials is required to meet the characteristics of stable operation in harsh environments, and therefore, it is required to have better elasticity than optical fibers, and to be resistant to pulling, high temperature, corrosion, etc.
Carbon fiber sheets may be selected, but are not limited thereto, and materials having the above characteristics may be selected.
By structural design and simulation analysis of the distributed fiber detector structure shown in fig. 1.
For example, the carbon fiber sheet had an elastic modulus of 185000N/mm 2, a Poisson's ratio of 0.307, a mass density of 1780kg/m 3, and an elastic modulus of 0.69Gpa@1%.
Size selection;
Taking a carbon fiber sheet as an example, the size of the carbon fiber sheet is determined by a DAS system, application requirements and the length of a sensing optical fiber adhered to the DAS system; but of course also by the material itself.
The optimal carbon fiber sheet size, particularly thickness, is selected, which determines the magnitude of its acceleration response sensitivity.
The sticking mode is preferably suitable for long-term severe environments under the condition of ensuring that the sensing optical fiber and the carbon fiber sheet are completely coupled, and high-temperature glue can be selected, but the sticking mode is not limited to the high-temperature glue.
And the packaging mode is used for packaging the metal armor and the protective sleeve according to actual requirements.
Step two: and simulating and analyzing the response of the carbon fiber sheet to the vibration wave.
The projection action mode is shown in fig. 3 (a) -3 (c), and response simulation and analysis of the sensitization material to the vibration wave are carried out by taking different incidence angles and different accelerations of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave as variables. The overall simulation results are shown in fig. 4 (a) -4 (f), the strain ranges are all within the sensing range of the DAS system, and the differential response of P-wave and S-wave with different incidence angles can be realized as shown in fig. 5 (a) -5 (b).
Step three: and determining various parameters of the sensor by combining requirements, simulation results and actual requirements, preparing the sensor, and designing and manufacturing the distributed optical fiber three-dimensional sensor based on the orthogonal spatial structure of the carbon fiber sheet as shown in figure 1. Two carbon fiber sheets of the S-shaped adhesive optical fiber form an orthogonal structure, and an axial sensing optical fiber in a free state is placed at the juncture; the sensing fibers in three directions can be placed redundantly so as to have practical redundancy.
The structure is packaged by metal armor and protective jacket, and the length and the type (single mode or multi-mode) of the sensing optical fiber are determined by DAS host performance and application requirements.
Step four: connecting the multichannel DAS system with the prepared sensor for testing, wherein the testing comprises the pasting quality of the sensing optical fiber, the coupling degree of the sensing optical fiber and the carbon fiber sheet, the initial calibration of the three-direction sensing optical fiber and the like;
Particularly note that: unlike axial optical fibers, the actual physical positions sensed by the two sensing optical fibers arranged in an S shape are inconsistent with the optical fiber positions measured by the optical time domain reflection technology, so that the actual physical positions of the sensing optical fibers arranged in the S shape and the optical fiber positions measured by the optical time domain reflection technology are subjected to one-to-one calibration in a laboratory in advance.
Step five: the multi-channel DAS system is operated, and the strain change state of the three-direction optical fiber is monitored in a distributed mode, namely three-dimensional information of vibration signals is obtained, and other performance indexes except acceleration strain sensitivity and actual spatial resolution are determined by the DAS system;
moreover, only the acceleration strain sensitivity and the actual spatial resolution of the S-shaped bonded optical fiber in the sensing direction of the carbon fiber sheet are greatly improved, and the index of the sensing optical fiber which is axially and freely placed is unchanged.
Giving vibration signals with different positions, different sources and different intensities to the sensor, detecting the strain change state of the multi-directional optical fiber in a distributed manner, and obtaining three-dimensional information of the vibration signals; and (5) finishing laboratory test of P wave S wave and differential response verification of the sensor.
The invention adopts carbon fiber sheets as sensitization materials, common optical fibers are stuck on the carbon fiber sheets in an S-shaped mode, the two carbon fiber sheets are formed in a space orthogonal structure, the common optical fibers in a free state at the joint of the two carbon fiber sheets are combined, and then the common optical fibers are packaged by metal armor and protective sleeves outside the common optical fibers to jointly form the distributed optical fiber three-component vibration sensor. Theoretical calculation and simulation analysis prove that the structure has the excellent characteristics that the wave field response model is simple, the robustness is strong, the practicability is strong, the sensitivity and the spatial resolution are greatly improved, the differential response of P waves and S waves with different incidence angles and the like cannot be achieved by the existing DAS system, and the distributed optical fiber three-component sensor is truly.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on space orthogonal structure, characterized by comprising: the sensor comprises a sensor body, wherein the sensor body comprises a horizontal sensitization medium and a vertical sensitization medium, sensing optical fibers are stuck on the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium, the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium are placed in a space orthogonal structure, an axial sensing optical fiber is freely placed at the joint of the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium, and the axial sensing optical fiber is in a three-dimensional space orthogonal structure.
2. The optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on the spatial orthogonal structure according to claim 1, wherein the sensing optical fiber is attached to the horizontal sensitization medium and the vertical sensitization medium in an S-shape.
3. The optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on the space orthogonal structure according to claim 1, wherein the sensitization medium adopts a carbon fiber sheet.
4. The optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on the space orthogonal structure according to claim 1, wherein the periphery of the sensor main body is packaged by adopting a metal armor and a protective jacket.
5. The method for manufacturing a spatial orthogonal structure-based optical fiber three-component vibration sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
Determining parameters of a carbon fiber sheet and a sensing optical fiber for manufacturing the sensor;
taking the incident angle and acceleration of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave as variables, performing response simulation and analysis of the carbon fiber sheet on the vibration wave to obtain differential response of the incident angle P wave and the S wave;
and determining each parameter of the sensor according to the differential response of the incident angle P wave and the S wave, and preparing the sensor.
6. The method for manufacturing the optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on the space orthogonal structure according to claim 5, wherein the factors for determining the carbon fiber sheet for manufacturing the sensor comprise selection of materials, selection of dimensions, adhesion mode and packaging mode.
7. The method for manufacturing a three-component vibration sensor based on a spatially orthogonal structure according to claim 5, wherein the size of the carbon fiber sheet is determined by a DAS system, application requirements, and limitations of the sensing fiber length and the material itself attached thereto.
8. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber three-component vibration sensor based on a spatially orthogonal structure according to claim 5, wherein the response sensitivity of the carbon fiber sheet to vibration waves is dependent on the thickness of the carbon fiber sheet.
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| CN112433244A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 广东工业大学 | Common-centroid push-pull type three-component optical fiber seismometer |
| CN112946729A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cross winding push-pull type underground three-component optical fiber seismometer |
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| CN112433244A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 广东工业大学 | Common-centroid push-pull type three-component optical fiber seismometer |
| CN112946729A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cross winding push-pull type underground three-component optical fiber seismometer |
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