CN111415843B - Relay contact combination suitable for inductive and capacitive load - Google Patents

Abstract

A relay contact combination adaptive to inductive and capacitive loads relates to an electric contact material. Provide a contact capable of solving the problem of relay actionThe relay contact combination can be combined according to the complementary advantages of the electronic work function and the performance, and is suitable for inductive and capacitive loads. The relay contact combination suitable for inductive and capacitive loads is a combination of dynamic and static contacts made of different composite materials, wherein the composite materials comprise AgSnO₂AgCdO, AgZn, AgNi, and the like. The combination can select the electric contacts with different electronic energy according to the requirement of the electronic work function to combine the moving contact and the static contact of the relay. The application characteristics of the original relay are effectively improved, and a complementary effect and a new contact electric effect are generated; the problem of adhesion of the relay is effectively solved, and the service life of the relay under inductive and capacitive load conditions is greatly prolonged. The relay is suitable for various relays, and contacts made of different materials can be selected to be combined according to the use requirements of the various relays.

Description

Relay contact combination suitable for inductive and capacitive load

Technical Field

The invention relates to an electric contact material, in particular to a relay contact combination suitable for inductive and capacitive loads.

Background

The Contact (Contact point) is the most important constituent element of the relay, the Contact is widely applied in production and life as the core component of the electronic device, the Contact material is the main factor restricting the performance of the Contact, and the developed and applied electrical Contact material is very important in the developed countries of the world industry.

With industrial automation and product intellectualization, a large number of motors and LED lamps are popularized and used, a relay is not suitable for inductive and capacitive loads under the condition of mainly adapting to resistive loads originally, electric arcs are generated to ablate contacts and generate adhesion when the contacts of the relay act, so that the relay fails to work, and the fatal problem of the relay is solved. At present, although a zero-crossing circuit is adopted, arc reduction measures are added, more relays with higher current are selected by improving power consumption, and the like, the problem of contact bonding cannot be thoroughly solved.

When the contacts are connected to a motor or a lamp load, they generate a surge current which is several times or tens of times the steady-state current. When an inductive load such as a motor is disconnected from the contacts, a reverse voltage of several hundreds to several thousands volts is generated, and an arc discharge phenomenon occurs between the contacts.

Both the surge current and the reverse voltage can cause the contacts to be greatly damaged, causing ablation of the contacts and adhesion.

The measures of increasing the distance between the contacts, prolonging the arc line, increasing the power consumption and the like are adopted, so that a circuit with limited energy consumption is not suitable.

Chinese patent CN1156593C discloses a Ni metal particle dispersed Ag-Ni alloy switchA contact material and a relay using the same; the Ag-CdO-based alternating current universal relay is used in an alternating current universal relay for a resistance load with the voltage of about 1-20A within the range of AC 100-250V, and has the advantages of less consumption, small volume and long service life compared with the existing Ag-CdO-based materials. A Ni metal particle dispersed Ag-Ni alloy switch contact material for use in a switch portion of an electrical switch by a mechanical switching operation, comprising 3.1 to 20.0 wt% of Ni powder and Li as an additive corresponding to 0.01 to 0.50 wt% of Li in terms of metal₂CO₃Mixing and stirring the powder and the three kinds of powder with the balance being Ag powder to form a uniformly dispersed mixture, and then carrying out forming treatment and sintering treatment on the mixture to obtain the contact material.

Chinese patent CN204464182U discloses a relay contact group with prevent contact bonding function, including moving contact group and quiet contact group, move contact group including moving the contact piece, quiet contact group is including quiet contact piece, characteristics are that moving contact piece upper portion sets up slottedly, make moving contact piece upper portion form parallel first cantilever and second cantilever, the fixed movable contact that assists that is provided with in first cantilever upper portion, the fixed active contact that is provided with in upper portion of second cantilever, the fixed main stationary contact that is provided with corresponding with the active contact and the corresponding supplementary stationary contact of assisting the movable contact that is provided with in upper portion of quiet contact piece.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a relay contact combination which can solve the problems of contact adhesion failure and the like in the action process of a relay and can adapt to inductive and capacitive loads by complementing and combining the electronic work function and the performance advantages.

The relay contact combination suitable for inductive and capacitive loads is characterized in that the moving contact material and the fixed contact material of the relay are respectively combined by different composite materials.

The composite material includes but is not limited to AgSnO₂AgCdO, AgZn, AgNi, AgPd, Agw, AgCU and the like.

The combination can select the electric contacts with different electronic energy according to the requirement of the electronic work function to combine the movable contact and the static contact of the relay.

Contact potential difference:

before contact: the electron energy is large when the work function is small, whereas the electron energy is small.

After contact: the state with large electron energy is transited to the position with lower energy, the metal Fermi level is leveled, and a flash electric field is formed to prevent the electrons from further diffusing.

The calculation formula of the work function is as follows:

E＝-E₀+E_x

wherein E is₀Represents the potential of a monovalent electron; e_xRepresenting the kinetic energy of the monovalent electrons.

When a metal material in a vacuum is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, electrons in the metal escape from the metal, known as thermionic emission; the electron emission is different for different metal materials because the electron emission is different.

The movable contact and the static contact of the relay in the prior art are generally made of the same composite material, and different contact materials have different performances and have advantages and disadvantages. AgSnO₂The material is environment-friendly and nontoxic, has excellent fusion welding resistance and arc ablation resistance, high strength and hardness, high contact resistance and quick temperature rise; the AgCdO material has excellent arc erosion resistance, good wear resistance, good fusion welding resistance and low contact resistance, but Cd has certain toxicity and pollution; the AgZn material has the advantages of good electric wear resistance, strong current impact resistance and the like; the AgNi material has low contact resistivity, good arc transfer characteristic, high temperature resistance, no abrasion, oxidation resistance and low price; but has low fusion welding resistance and poor arc ablation resistance under high current.

The invention finds that the contact electric effects of two alloy contacts made of different materials are different through continuous practice, and provides a relay which uses the electric contacts made of different materials to combine a movable contact and a static contact according to the contact electric effects of different metal materials. The combination of the electric contacts is designed according to the principle that the advantages of contact materials in the existing market are mutually exclusive and the contact electric effect of metal and metal is realized, the movable contact and the static contact made of different materials are combined to form a new relay, and experiments repeatedly prove that the application characteristics of the original relay are effectively improved, and a complementary effect and a new contact electric effect are generated; the problem of bonding of the relay is effectively solved, and the service life of the relay under the conditions of inductive and capacitive loads is greatly prolonged. The invention is suitable for various relays, and only different material contacts are selected to be combined according to the use requirements of various relays.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a contact combination application of a relay according to the present invention to accommodate an inductive load.

Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention for adapting a relay to a capacitive load.

Detailed Description

The following examples will further illustrate the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the moving contact adopts AgSnO₂The static contact is made of AgCdO material.

Example 2:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the moving contact adopts AgSnO₂The material, stationary contact adopts AgZn material.

Example 3:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the moving contact adopts AgSnO₂The material and the static contact are AgNi material.

Example 4:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the static contact adopts AgSnO₂The moving contact is made of AgCdO material.

Example 5:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the static contact adopts AgSnO₂The moving contact is made of AgZn.

Example 6:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the static contact adopts AgSnO₂The material is AgNi material for the moving contact.

Example 7:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the static contact is made of AgCdO materials, and the moving contact is made of AgNi materials.

Example 8:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the static contact is made of AgCdO materials, and the moving contact is made of AgZn materials.

Example 9:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact adopts AgCdO material, and the static contact adopts AgNi material.

Example 10:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact adopts AgCdO material, and the static contact adopts AgZn material.

Example 11:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact is made of AgPd materials, and the fixed contact is made of Agw materials.

Example 12:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, and the moving contact adopts AgSnO₂The material, stationary contact adopts Agw material.

Example 13:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact adopts AgCU materials, and the fixed contact adopts AgNi materials.

Example 14:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact adopts AgPd material, and the fixed contact adopts AgNi material.

Example 15:

the relay is suitable for the contact combination of inductive and capacitive loads, the moving contact is made of AgPd materials, and the fixed contact is made of AgNi materials.

The invention provides a technical scheme that the moving head and the static head are combined by adopting different materials, the contact material used by the invention can adopt the existing contact material, and the contact material comprises but is not limited to AgSnO₂、AgCdO、AgZn、AgNi、AgPd、Agw、AgCUFor example, AgSn02+ indium, AgNi + gold plating, or pure Ag may be used. The present invention finds, through continuing experimentation, that the electrical effects of contacts using two different alloy contacts are different. The preparation process of the contact can be realized according to the prior art, and the above steps are only preferred combined embodiments of the invention.

1. The electric contacts of any two different alloy materials can be combined according to the complementation of the electronic work function and the performance advantage, but the requirements of different working currents of the relay are considered.

2. The combination of the electrical contact with large electronic work function and the electrical contact with small work function is selected, and because the test is complicated and the classification is difficult, the electrical contact manufacturer is recommended to provide the data of the electronic work function amount of the electrical contact.

3. The complementary combination is based on the basic performance advantages and disadvantages of various electrical contacts:

example (c): the same AgNi electric contact is used for the moving and static of a 46F-A-12V/5A relay, the relay is applied to a touch switch of an intelligent household system and is used as a < capacitive load > for switching a lamp switch

The actual lamp load is only a few W to dozens of W of power, the relay bonding failure is often generated in use and cannot work,

aiming at the characteristic that the AgNi electric contact has poor fusion welding resistance under the condition of large current, the AgSn02 electric contact with better arc erosion resistance under the condition of large current is selected to be combined with the AgNi electric contact with < the operating point > and < the still operating point > to generate good effect.

The metal-to-metal contact electrical effect is the work function of metal electrons:

E＝-E₀+E_x

wherein E is₀Represents the potential of a monovalent electron; e_xRepresenting the kinetic energy of the monovalent electrons.

The essence of the work function is that the energy of the metal electrons varies in magnitude.

A contact potential difference;

before contact: the work function is small and the energy is large, whereas the electron energy is small.

After contact: the Fermi level of two metals is leveled when the state with large electron energy is transited to the position with lower energy, and a built-in electric field is formed to prevent the electrons from further diffusing.

Examples of applications of the present invention are given below.

Application comparative example 1: inductive load

As shown in figure 1, a JQX-13F-220V/10A relay is used, and a 550w alternating current motor < a motor for an electric rolling door > is used.

Temperature: room temperature;

humidity: 20 to 65 percent;

loading: JMW809_3P, 550W rolling door motor;

a: JQx13F _2c _220VAC/10A relay, AgCdo for the moving and static contacts (10_ 20);

and (3) test results: and after 26 times of work, the contacts are bonded, and the motor stops working.

B: the invention uses JQx13F _2C _220VAC/10A relay, and AgSnO for moving contact₂AgCdo is used for a static contact;

and (3) test results: the relay can still work normally when the relay is moved 20000 times, and the service life of the motor is more than 8000 times.

Application comparative example 2: capacitive load < LED Integrated light Source >

As shown in figure 2, a 46F-12V/5A relay for a smart home lamp switch is used, and a 200w LED integrated light source is added.

Temperature: room temperature;

humidity: 20 to 65 percent;

loading: 200W, LED integrated light source < MH _24/144W + MoDEL _7/56W >.

A: an HF46F _1A _12V relay is used, and a moving contact and a static contact are AgNi; and (3) test results: the adhesive fails after one action.

< adhesive failure of 13 actions with M0DEL _7/70w >

B: g5NB < HF46F relay, test results: adhesive failure in one action

C: the dynamic and static contacts of the SJS _ SS _12V/5A relay are as follows: the movable contact adopts AgSnO₂The static contact adopts AgNi,

and (3) test results: the operation can still be carried out for 10000 times.

In conclusion, the invention improves the combination process of the relay contact according to the contact electric effect of different metal materials, and effectively solves the bonding problem of the relay contact.

Claims (2)

1. The relay contact combination is suitable for inductive and capacitive loads and is characterized in that the moving contact material and the fixed contact material of the relay are respectively combined by different composite materials; the composite material comprises AgSnO₂AgCdO, AgZn, AgNi, AgPd, Agw, AgCU; the combination selects the electric contacts with different electronic energy according to the requirement of the electronic work function to combine the movable contact and the static contact of the relay.

2. The relay contact assembly for accommodating inductive and capacitive loads of claim 1 wherein said work function is calculated by the formula:

E＝-E₀+E_x

wherein E is₀Represents the potential of a monovalent electron; e_xRepresenting the kinetic energy of the monovalent electrons.

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