CN111299595A - Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material product - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material product Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299595A CN111299595A CN202010322343.5A CN202010322343A CN111299595A CN 111299595 A CN111299595 A CN 111299595A CN 202010322343 A CN202010322343 A CN 202010322343A CN 111299595 A CN111299595 A CN 111299595A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and discloses a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material product. Pressing and sintering the aluminum-based composite material green compact formed by cold pressing and the aluminum and aluminum alloy matrix cast by the sand mold/metal mold casting technology in a high-temperature pressing sintering furnace to form an aluminum-based composite material product; the method is simple to operate, the raw material addition amount of the composite material layer can be adjusted at will, and the method is suitable for industrial batch production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material product.
Background
In recent years, with the development of scientific technology, the requirements on the material performance are higher and higher, and the traditional materials cannot meet the requirements of the development of modern technology, so that new materials are urgently sought to replace the traditional materials. The aluminum-based composite material has excellent mechanical properties and physical properties such as high specific strength and specific stiffness, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, low density, high micro-yield strength, good dimensional stability, thermal conductivity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like.
In the invention and creation with the publication number of CN1238391, a mode of combining a stirring casting method and an in-situ reaction method is proposed as a preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material. Although the method successfully prepares the aluminum matrix composite, the subsequent hot working treatment is required, the comprehensive performance of the prepared aluminum matrix composite is not described, and the use performance is not clear, so the method has ambiguity and limitation, and the use of the aluminum matrix composite is limited.
In the invention creation of the publication number 107475551A, a method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite material by a mechanical stirring method is provided. Although the aluminum-based composite material can be prepared by the method, the reinforcement of the method needs to be subjected to different pretreatments, the stirring device has a complex structure and a strict stirring angle, and the performance of the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method is not accurately shown, so that the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method has limitations.
In the invention with the publication number of CN107326210A, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for extrusion casting of mixed particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which can improve the tensile strength, hardness and elongation of the aluminum matrix composite material. Although the comprehensive performance of the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the method is improved, the method is complex in preparation process and tight in process connection, and is only limited to sample preparation in a laboratory. Therefore, the invention is not suitable for the industrialized mass production of aluminum matrix composite products.
In the invention and creation with publication number CN108842100A, a method for preparing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by extrusion casting method using the action of foaming agent to stir melt is proposed. Although the method can prepare the aluminum matrix composite material with excellent comprehensive performance, the uniformity of the melt stirred by the action of the foaming agent cannot be ensured, and the subsequent treatment and processing process is complicated, so the method is not beneficial to industrial mass production. .
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite product, in which an aluminum-based composite material layer is pressure-sintered on the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy casting by combining a powder metallurgy technique with a sand mold/metal mold casting technique, so as to form an aluminum-based composite product with good metal interface bonding. The method is simple to operate, the raw material addition amount of the composite material layer can be adjusted at will, and the method is suitable for industrial batch production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
A method of making an aluminum matrix composite product, the method comprising:
s1, preparing aluminum ingot alloy, aluminum powder and excess materials for preparing aluminum matrix composite products;
s2, determining a sand mould box according to the shape of the aluminum-based material product;
s3, smelting and degassing the aluminum ingot alloy in a high-temperature smelting furnace, pouring an upper-layer aluminum solution into the sand mold box, casting the aluminum ingot alloy into the shape of an aluminum-based material product, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy casting;
s4, carrying out T6 solution heat treatment on the aluminum alloy casting to obtain a T6 treated aluminum alloy casting;
s5, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the T6 treatment;
s6, mixing the aluminum powder and the remainder for preparing the aluminum-based composite material product according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer;
s7, pressing the mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer into an aluminum-based composite material layer compact with preset density;
s8, performing surface deoxidation treatment on the aluminum alloy casting obtained in the step S5 to obtain an aluminum alloy casting subjected to deoxidation treatment;
s9, pressing the aluminum-based composite material layer with the preset density on the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the deoxidation treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material structure;
and S10, putting the aluminum matrix composite material structure into a high-temperature pressure sintering furnace for sintering to obtain an aluminum matrix composite material sintered body.
The technical scheme of the invention has the characteristics and further improvements that:
(1) in S1, the aluminum ingot alloy is ZL114A, and the Al content is more than or equal to 90%.
(2) In S1, the Al content in the aluminum powder is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
(3) In S3, the smelting temperature of the aluminum ingot alloy in the high-temperature smelting furnace is 800 ℃.
(4) In S8, the surface deoxidation treatment of the aluminum alloy casting obtained in S5 specifically comprises the following steps:
the aluminum alloy casting obtained in S5 was subjected to surface deoxidation treatment with 200-mesh sandpaper.
(5) The predetermined density is 2.5-2.7 g/cm 3.
(6) S10, the aluminum-based composite material layer of the aluminum-based composite material sintered body has a sintered density of 2.4 to 2.6g/cm 3.
(7) In S10, the sintering temperature of the aluminum matrix composite sintered body is 550-630 ℃.
(8) And in S10, the sintering pressure of the aluminum-based composite material sintered body is 0.5-0.8 MPa.
The technical scheme of the invention is to prepare the aluminum-based composite material product by combining a powder metallurgy technology and a sand mold/metal mold casting technology. And (3) pressing and sintering the aluminum-based composite material green compact formed by cold pressing and the aluminum and aluminum alloy matrix cast by the sand mold/metal mold casting technology in a high-temperature pressing sintering furnace to obtain the aluminum-based composite material product. The method has the beneficial effects that the prepared aluminum-based composite material layer and the prepared aluminum-based matrix can form a good metallurgical interface under proper process parameters, and have good interface binding property, so that the structural integrity of the aluminum-based composite material layer and the aluminum-based matrix is ensured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The embodiment provides a process method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, which is mainly used for sintering the aluminum-based composite material on the surfaces of aluminum and aluminum alloy castings in a pressure mode by combining a powder metallurgy technology and a sand metal mold casting technology to form an aluminum-based composite material product with a good metal interface. The specific process is as follows:
step 1: raw material preparation
The aluminum ingot adopts ZL114A, and the execution standard HB962-2001 is carried out when the Al content is more than or equal to 90 percent
The Al content in the aluminum powder is more than or equal to 99.7 percent, and the execution standard GB/T2082-
All the other raw materials perform the relevant standard (excess material for preparing aluminium-based composite material)
Step 2: sand molding box: and (4) designing a sand mold according to the requirement of a product drawing. (Molding box-closing.)
And step 3: moulding mould assembling box
And 4, step 4: casting: smelting the aluminum ingot alloy in a high-temperature smelting furnace, degassing, pouring the upper-layer aluminum solution into a sand mold box, slowly pouring into a product shape, and naturally cooling to room temperature. The melting temperature is 800 ℃.
And 5: and (3) heat treatment: the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to a T6 treatment.
After the solution heat treatment, the state of artificial aging is performed.
Step 6: and cleaning the aluminum alloy casting.
And 7: and (5) polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy casting.
And 8: and (3) detection: and (5) detecting the performance of the aluminum alloy casting and exchanging libraries.
Mechanical property and flaw detection
And step 9: material preparation and material mixing: accurately weighing the raw materials according to the formula design requirement of the aluminum-based composite material layer, and obtaining the mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer according to a certain process method.
Step 10: pressing: and weighing the specified mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer by using an electronic balance according to the design requirements of the product, pouring the mixture into a mold, leveling the mixture by using a leveling device, and pressing the mixture into an aluminum-based composite material layer green compact with a certain density in a cold press molding mode.
Step 11: surface treatment of the aluminum alloy casting: and (3) carrying out surface oxide layer removal treatment on the aluminum alloy casting by using 200-mesh abrasive paper.
Step 12: and (3) sintering: and tightly arranging the obtained aluminum-based composite material layer compact on the aluminum alloy casting, and then integrally putting the aluminum-based composite material layer compact into a high-temperature pressure sintering furnace for sintering. And sintering according to a certain sintering temperature curve to obtain the aluminum matrix composite sintered body.
Step 13: and (3) machining: and processing the sintered aluminum matrix composite material sintered body into a certain shape according to the requirements of a drawing, namely finishing the whole preparation process of the aluminum matrix composite material product.
The technical scheme of the invention is to prepare the aluminum-based composite material product by combining a powder metallurgy technology and a sand mold/metal mold casting technology. And (3) pressing and sintering the aluminum-based composite material green compact formed by cold pressing and the aluminum and aluminum alloy matrix cast by the sand mold/metal mold casting technology in a high-temperature pressing sintering furnace to obtain the aluminum-based composite material product.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that the prepared aluminum-based composite material layer and the aluminum-based matrix can form a good metallurgical interface under proper technological parameters, and the prepared aluminum-based composite material layer and the prepared aluminum-based matrix have good interface binding property, so that the integrity of the aluminum-based composite material layer and the aluminum-based matrix structure is ensured.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of making an aluminum matrix composite product, the method comprising:
s1, preparing aluminum ingot alloy, aluminum powder and excess materials for preparing aluminum matrix composite products;
s2, determining a sand mould box according to the shape of the aluminum-based material product;
s3, smelting and degassing the aluminum ingot alloy in a high-temperature smelting furnace, pouring an upper-layer aluminum solution into the sand mold box, casting the aluminum ingot alloy into the shape of an aluminum-based material product, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy casting;
s4, carrying out T6 solution heat treatment on the aluminum alloy casting to obtain a T6 treated aluminum alloy casting;
s5, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the T6 treatment;
s6, mixing the aluminum powder and the remainder for preparing the aluminum-based composite material product according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer;
s7, pressing the mixture of the aluminum-based composite material layer into an aluminum-based composite material layer compact with preset density;
s8, performing surface deoxidation treatment on the aluminum alloy casting obtained in the step S5 to obtain an aluminum alloy casting subjected to deoxidation treatment;
s9, pressing the aluminum-based composite material layer with the preset density on the aluminum alloy casting subjected to the deoxidation treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material structure;
and S10, putting the aluminum matrix composite material structure into a high-temperature pressure sintering furnace for sintering to obtain an aluminum matrix composite material sintered body.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, in S1, the aluminum ingot alloy is ZL114A, and the Al content is not less than 90%.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, in S1, the content of Al in the aluminum powder is not less than 99.7%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1 and S3, the aluminum ingot alloy is smelted in the pyrometallurgical furnace at a smelting temperature of 800 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1 and S8, the surface deoxidation treatment of the aluminum alloy casting obtained in S5 is specifically as follows:
the aluminum alloy casting obtained in S5 was subjected to surface deoxidation treatment with 200-mesh sandpaper.
6. The method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined density in S7 is 2.5-2.7 g/cm 3.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in S10, the aluminum matrix composite layer of the sintered aluminum matrix composite has a sintered density of 2.4 to 2.6g/cm 3.
8. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S10, the sintering temperature of the aluminum-based composite material sintered body is 550 to 630 ℃.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in S10, the sintering pressure of the sintered aluminum-based composite material is 0.5-0.8 MPa.
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| CN109759596A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-17 | 中南大学 | A kind of heterogeneous gradient composites and preparation method thereof |
| CN110052613A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-26 | 同济大学 | A kind of aluminium/magnesium/aluminium alloy compound plate and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110480018A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-22 | 燕山大学 | A kind of preparation method of aluminium alloy/aluminum matrix composite composite plate |
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2020
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| US4154900A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1979-05-15 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Composite material of ferrous cladding material and aluminum cast matrix and method for producing the same |
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| CN103924110A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 南昌大学 | Method for preparing nanometer reinforced aluminum-based composite material by use of aluminum-carbon nano-tube master alloy |
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