CN111057201A - 低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及其应用,属于聚氨酯泡沫材料制备的技术领域。包括:组分A:包括聚醚多元醇、催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、多孔材料、芳基磷酸酯和氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐;组分B:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。本发明采用沸点在500℃以上的芳基磷酸酯取代低沸点的DMMP,再与氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐复合阻燃聚氨酯泡沫,并通过添加多孔吸附材料,用来降低阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的气味,解决了现有技术中的聚氨酯泡沫气味大的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯泡沫材料制备的技术领域,特别是涉及低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)泡沫因具有优异保温隔热性能、良好的机械性能、优良的耐候性、易成型加工性等优点,广泛应用于建筑、交通、家电、化工企业等领域。然而, PU泡沫是非常易燃的材料,由其着火所引发的火灾事故经常发生,造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。由于含卤的阻燃剂在燃烧时会产生大量的烟雾和有毒有害气体,通常采用在聚氨酯泡沫制备时添加无卤阻燃剂。据专利[201310274749.0; 201710995758.7; 201811060492.8等]报道,甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP) 因含磷量高和工艺性好,是聚氨酯泡沫常用的无卤阻燃剂之一。然而,DMMP沸点低(约180℃)、挥发性大,是聚氨酯泡沫产生气味的主要来源之一。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述背景技术中存在的技术问题,提供一种低气味无卤阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,包括:
组分A:包括聚醚多元醇、催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、多孔材料、芳基磷酸酯和氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐;
组分B:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
在进一步的实施例中,所述组分A包括以下质量份数的材料:聚醚多元醇80-120份、催化剂1-3份、发泡剂2-5份、泡沫稳定剂0.5-2份、多孔材料5-20份、芳基磷酸酯5-20份和氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐5-20份;
所述组分B中的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯100-140份。
在进一步的实施例中,所述催化剂包括:三乙醇胺、三乙烯二胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种的组合。
在进一步的实施例中,所述发泡剂为水,所述泡沫稳定剂为水溶性硅油。
在进一步的实施例中,所述多孔材料为膨胀蛭石、膨胀珍珠岩、分子筛、多孔二氧化硅的一种或多种的组合。
在进一步的实施例中,所述芳基磷酸酯包括:双酚A-双、间苯二酚的一种或两种。
在进一步的实施例中,所述氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐包括:镁盐、钙盐、锌盐、锆盐、铝盐中的一种。
一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将聚醚多元醇、芳基磷酸酯、氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐和多孔材料于搅拌装置中混合均匀;
步骤二、向搅拌装置中继续添加催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂并混合均匀,制得组分A;
步骤三、向组分A中添加组分B:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,并搅拌;
步骤四、待组分A与组分B混合均匀后倒入模具中于常温常压下进行发泡;
步骤五、待发泡成型后,将成型的泡沫取出并放置在50-80℃烘箱中熟化20-26小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
一种如上所述的低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料在建筑、交通、家电、冷库中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:本发明采用沸点在500℃以上的芳基磷酸酯取代低沸点的DMMP(甲基膦酸二甲酯),以增加制备出来的聚氨酯泡沫材料的阻燃性能同时解决了DMMP挥发大、气味重的技术问题;
聚醚多元醇与氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐复合阻燃聚氨酯泡沫,因氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐形成稳定的络合物,使得复合而成的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫具有较好的分散性;
并通过添加多孔吸附材料,用来降低阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的气味,解决了现有技术中的聚氨酯泡沫气味大的技术问题。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明,而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将100份聚醚多元醇、10份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸镁和10份膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入3份二乙醇胺催化剂、2份水和1份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例2
先将120份聚醚多元醇、20份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸锌和15份可膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入3份二乙醇胺催化剂、4份水和1.5份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例3
先将80份聚醚多元醇、15份双酚A-双、20份氨基三亚甲基膦酸镁和5份可膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入3份三乙醇胺催化剂、2份水和1份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入100份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例4
先将100份聚醚多元醇、10份BDP、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸锆和5份膨胀珍珠岩混合均匀后,再加入3份三乙醇胺催化剂、2份水和0.5份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例5
先将100份聚醚多元醇、15份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸铝和10份可膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入3份三乙醇胺催化剂、5份水和2份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入120份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例6
先将120份聚醚多元醇、10份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸钙和5份可膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入1份三乙醇胺催化剂、4份水和2份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例7
先将100份聚醚多元醇、15份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸镁和5份可膨胀蛭石混合均匀后,再加入3份三乙醇胺催化剂、2份水和2份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入120份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
实施例8
先将100份聚醚多元醇、20份间苯二酚、10份氨基三亚甲基膦酸锆和10份分子筛混合均匀后,再加入2份二乙烯三胺催化剂、3份水和2份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
对照样
先将100份聚醚多元醇、3份三乙醇胺催化剂、4份水和2份硅油泡沫稳定剂混合均匀,再加入10份DMMP阻燃剂混合均匀,然后迅速加入140份多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,高速搅拌均匀后倒入模具中发泡,待泡沫成型后,将泡沫取出并放置在60℃烘箱中熟化24小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
阻燃聚氨酯泡沫气味的评测采用以下方法:
取50 mm ×50 mm × 20 mm大小试样5份,分别自放入事先处理好的洁净无味 1 L 玻璃瓶中,盖上瓶盖并密封好,将瓶子放入(80±2)℃的烘箱中 2 h,取出后冷却到(60±5)℃时进行(取件放入室温 3 min 左右)检测。按气味的严重状况进行评估,评测标准分为5个等级:1级,无异味;2级,稍有异味; 3级,有明显的异味但不刺鼻;4级,有明显的异味且刺鼻;5级,有刺鼻的异味,无法忍受。
表1. 实施例1-8和对照样泡沫的性能
编号 | 气味等级 | UL-94 垂直燃烧级别 |
实施例1 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例2 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例3 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例4 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例5 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例6 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例7 | 2 | V-0 |
实施例8 | 2 | V-0 |
对照样 | 5 | V-1 |
根据表1中的数据显示,本发明制备出来的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的气味与现有技术中的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的气味大大的降低,且仅仅是稍有异味,增加了使用范围;且从阻燃性能来看,本发明制备出来的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性较现有的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性有所提升。与苯基膦酸金属盐相比,氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐分子中含有活性的氨基, 在环氧树脂固化时其中的氨基会与环氧基反应,连接到环氧树脂的分子链上,效果更好,所以氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐属于功能性阻燃剂。
Claims (9)
1.一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,包括:
组分A:包括聚醚多元醇、催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、多孔材料、芳基磷酸酯和氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐;
组分B:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,
所述组分A包括以下质量份数的材料:聚醚多元醇80-120份、催化剂1-3份、发泡剂2-5份、泡沫稳定剂0.5-2份、多孔材料5-20份、芳基磷酸酯5-20份和氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐5-20份;
所述组分B中的多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯100-140份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述催化剂包括:三乙醇胺、三乙烯二胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为水,所述泡沫稳定剂为水溶性硅油。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述多孔材料为膨胀蛭石、膨胀珍珠岩、分子筛、多孔二氧化硅的一种或多种的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述芳基磷酸酯包括:双酚A-双、间苯二酚中的一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于,所述氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐包括:镁盐、钙盐、锌盐、锆盐、铝盐中的一种。
8.一种低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将聚醚多元醇、芳基磷酸酯、氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐和多孔材料于搅拌装置中混合均匀;
步骤二、向搅拌装置中继续添加催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂并混合均匀,制得组分A;
步骤三、向组分A中添加组分B:多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,并搅拌;
步骤四、待组分A与组分B混合均匀后倒入模具中于常温常压下进行发泡;
步骤五、待发泡成型后,将成型的泡沫取出并放置在50-80℃烘箱中熟化20-26小时,即得无卤阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
9.一种权利要求1所述的低气味含氨基三亚甲基膦酸金属盐阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料在建筑、交通、家电、冷库中的应用。
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