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CN110964021A - 一种以芴为核心的化合物、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种以芴为核心的化合物、制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110964021A
CN110964021A CN201811159106.0A CN201811159106A CN110964021A CN 110964021 A CN110964021 A CN 110964021A CN 201811159106 A CN201811159106 A CN 201811159106A CN 110964021 A CN110964021 A CN 110964021A
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李崇
庞羽佳
王芳
张兆超
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Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以芴为核心的化合物、制备方法及其应用,属于半导体技术领域。本发明提供的化合物的结构如通式(I)所示:
Figure DDA0001819605310000011
本发明还公开了上述以芴为核心的化合物的制备方法和应用。本发明的化合物含有芴类衍生物及六元环并环衍生物结构,具有较高的玻璃化温度和分子热稳定性,合适的HOMO和LUMO能级,较高Eg,通过器件结构优化,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命。

Description

一种以芴为核心的化合物、制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以芴为核心的化合物、制备方法及其应用,属于半导体技术领域。
背景技术
有机电致发光(Organic Light Emission Diodes,OLED)器件技术既可以用来制造新型显示产品,也可以用于制作新型照明产品,有望替代现有的液晶显示和荧光灯照明,应用前景十分广泛。OLED发光器件犹如三明治的结构,包括电极材料膜层以及夹在不同电极膜层之间的有机功能材料,各种不同功能材料根据用途相互叠加在一起共同组成OLED发光器件。OLED发光器件作为电流器件,当对其两端电极施加电压,并通过电场作用有机层功能材料膜层中的正负电荷时,正负电荷进一步在发光层中复合,即产生OLED电致发光。
当前,OLED显示技术已经在智能手机,平板电脑等领域获得应用,进一步还将向电视等大尺寸应用领域扩展,但是,和实际的产品应用要求相比,OLED器件的发光效率和使用寿命等性能还需要进一步提升。目前对OLED发光器件提高性能的研究包括:降低器件的驱动电压、提高器件的发光效率、提高器件的使用寿命等。为了实现OLED器件的性能的不断提升,不但需要从OLED器件结构和制作工艺的创新,更需要OLED光电功能材料不断研究和创新,创制出更高性能的OLED功能材料。
应用于OLED器件的OLED光电功能材料从用途上可划分为两大类,分别为电荷注入传输材料和发光材料。进一步,还可将电荷注入传输材料分为电子注入传输材料、电子阻挡材料、空穴注入传输材料和空穴阻挡材料,还可以将发光材料分为主体发光材料和掺杂材料。
为了制作高性能的OLED发光器件,要求各种有机功能材料具备良好的光电性能,譬如,作为电荷传输材料,要求具有良好的载流子迁移率,高玻璃化转化温度等,作为发光层的主体材料具有良好双极性,适当的HOMO/LUMO能阶等。
构成OLED器件的OLED光电功能材料膜层至少包括两层以上结构,产业上应用的OLED器件结构则包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层等多种膜层,也就是说应用于OLED器件的光电功能材料至少包括空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、发光材料、电子传输材料等,材料类型和搭配形式具有丰富性和多样性的特点。另外,对于不同结构的OLED器件搭配而言,所使用的光电功能材料具有较强的选择性,相同的材料在不同结构器件中的性能表现也可能完全迥异。
因此,针对当前OLED器件的产业应用要求以及OLED器件的不同功能膜层,器件的光电特性需求,必须选择更适合、性能更高的OLED功能材料或材料组合,才能实现器件的高效率、长寿命和低电压的综合特性。就当前的OLED显示照明产业的实际需求而言,目前OLED材料的发展还远远不够,落后于面板制造企业的要求,作为材料企业开发更高性能的有机功能材料显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一,是提供一种以芴为核心的化合物。本发明的化合物含有芴类衍生物及六元环并环衍生物结构,具有较高的玻璃化温度和分子热稳定性,合适的HOMO和LUMO能级,较高Eg,通过器件结构优化,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种以芴为核心的化合物,该化合物的结构如通式(1)所示:
Figure BDA0001819605290000021
通式(1)中,------表示为两个基团连接或不连接;
m、n、p、q各自独立的表示为0或1,且m+n+p+q≥1;
a、b各自独立的表示为0或1,且a+b=1;
当R1、R2、R3、R4与通式(1)以取代方式连接时,R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同地表示为C1-C20的烷基、C2-C20的烯烃基、C6-30芳基或5-30元杂芳基;
当R1、R2、R3、R4与通式(1)以并环方式连接时,R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同地表示为通式(2)或通式(3)所示结构;
Figure BDA0001819605290000022
通式(2)中,所述X表示为氧原子、硫原子、-C(R5)(R6)-、-N(R7)-或-Si(R8)(R9)-;
R5-R9分别独立的表示为C1-C10烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基中的一种;所述R5与R6、R8与R9还可以相互连接成3元至30元脂环或芳环;
通式(2)、通式(3)通过*标记的两个相邻位置与通式(1)中*标记的两个相邻的位置稠合连接;
所述Ra、Rb分别独立地表示为通式(4)或通式(5)所示结构;
Figure BDA0001819605290000031
通式(4)和通式(5)中,所述R10、R11分别独立地表示为通式(6)或通式(7)所述结构;R10、R11相同或不同;s、t表示0或1,且s+t≥1;
Figure BDA0001819605290000032
通式(6)通过*标记的两个相邻位置与通式(4)和通式(5)中*标记的两个相邻的位置稠合连接;
通式(4)、通式(5)和通式(6)中,X1、X2、X3、X4分别独立地表示为氧原子、硫原子、-C(R12)(R13)-、-N(R14)-或-Si(R15)(R16)-;其中X4还可以表示为单键;
R12-R16分别独立的表示为C1-C10烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基;所述R12与R13、R15与R16还可以相互连接形成3元至30元脂环或芳环;
通式(4)、通式(5)和通式(6)中,Y每次出现相同或不同地表示为N原子或C-R17
通式(4)和通式(5)中连接位点处的Y表示为碳原子;
其中R17选自氢原子、氰基、卤素、C1-C20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基中的一种;
通式(1)和通式(7)中,L每次出现相同或不同地表示为单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元亚杂芳基中的一种;
通式(7)中,Ar1、Ar2各自独立地代表取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基;
所述可被取代基团的取代基任选自氰基、卤素、C6-C30芳基、5-30元杂芳基中的一种或几种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子。
本发明的化合物均以芴为骨架,连接方式为取代或并环连接,与六元并环衍生物相连,此结构是一个刚性结构,空间位阻大,不易转动,使得本发明化合物材料的立体结构更加稳定。本发明化合物作为OLED的空穴传输层/电子阻挡材料使用时,合适的HOMO能级能够有效地实现空穴传输;在合适的LUMO能级下,又起到了电子阻挡的作用,提升激子在发光层中的复合效率,减少了能量损失,使发光层主体材料能量充分传递至掺杂材料,从而提升材料应用于器件后的发光效率。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同地表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述R5-R9、R12-R16分别独立的表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基或呋喃基中的一种;
所述L表示为取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚吡啶基、取代或未取代的亚呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚萘啶基中的一种;
所述R17选自氢原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述Ar1、Ar2各自独立地表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的萘啶基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的二苯基芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的氮杂咔唑基中的一种;
所述可被取代基团的取代基任选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、萘啶基、二联苯基、三联苯基、呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、咔唑基或吡啶基中的一种或几种。
进一步,通式(1)中各个基团可用如下符号表示:
Figure BDA0001819605290000041
其中,A表示为取代的芴类衍生物,B表示为取代或未取代的六元环并环衍生物。
进一步,所述A为以下结构中的一种:
Figure BDA0001819605290000042
Figure BDA0001819605290000051
Figure BDA0001819605290000061
Figure BDA0001819605290000071
Figure BDA0001819605290000081
Figure BDA0001819605290000091
Figure BDA0001819605290000101
进一步,所述B为以下结构中的一种:
Figure BDA0001819605290000102
Figure BDA0001819605290000111
Figure BDA0001819605290000121
Figure BDA0001819605290000131
Figure BDA0001819605290000141
Figure BDA0001819605290000151
Figure BDA0001819605290000161
Figure BDA0001819605290000171
Figure BDA0001819605290000181
Figure BDA0001819605290000191
Figure BDA0001819605290000201
进一步,所述化合物的结构通过通式(Ⅱ-1)至(Ⅱ-6)中的任一种表示:
Figure BDA0001819605290000202
其中使用的符号和标记具有上述所定义的涵义。
进一步,所述化合物的具体结构为:
Figure BDA0001819605290000203
Figure BDA0001819605290000211
Figure BDA0001819605290000221
Figure BDA0001819605290000231
Figure BDA0001819605290000241
Figure BDA0001819605290000251
Figure BDA0001819605290000261
Figure BDA0001819605290000271
Figure BDA0001819605290000281
Figure BDA0001819605290000291
Figure BDA0001819605290000301
Figure BDA0001819605290000311
Figure BDA0001819605290000321
中的任一种。
本发明的目的之二,是提供上述以芴为核心的化合物的制备方法。本发明的制备方法简单,市场前景广阔,适合规模化推广应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:上述以芴为核心的化合物的制备方法,所述制备方法为第一种制备方法或第二种制备方法,
第一种制备方法,涉及如下反应方程式:
Figure BDA0001819605290000322
反应方程式1-1
上式中,胺基化合物选自Ra-H或Rb-H;
反应式1-1反应的具体过程为:称取原料I和胺基化合物,用甲苯溶解;再加入Pd2(dba)3、P(t-Bu)3、叔丁醇钠;在惰性气氛下,将上述反应物的混合溶液于95-110℃下反应10-24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到上述目标产物;所述原料I与胺基化合物的摩尔比为1:(1.2-3.0),Pd2(dba)3与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,三叔丁基膦与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,叔丁醇钠与原料I的摩尔比为(1.0-3.0):1;
第二种制备方法,涉及如下反应方程式:
Figure BDA0001819605290000323
反应方程式1-2
上式中,硼酸化合物选自
Figure BDA0001819605290000324
反应式1-2的具体过程为:称取原料I、硼酸化合物,用体积比为2:1的甲苯与乙醇的混合溶剂溶解;在惰性气氛下,再加入Na2CO3水溶液、Pd(PPh3)4;将上述反应物的混合溶液于反应温度95-110℃,反应10-24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物;所述原料I与硼酸化合物的摩尔比为1:(1.0-2.0);Na2CO3与原料I的摩尔比为(1.0-3.0):1;Pd(PPh3)4与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1。
本发明的目的之三,是提供一种有机电致发光器件。本发明的化合物在应用于OLED器件时,通过器件结构优化,可保持高的膜层稳定性,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命,具有良好的应用效果和产业化前景。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,至少一层功能层含有上述以芴为核心的化合物。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述功能层为空穴传输层和/或电子阻挡层和/或发光层。
本发明的目的之四,是提供一种照明或显示元件。本发明的有机电致发光器件可以应用在照明或显示元件,使器件的电流效率,功率效率和外量子效率均得到很大改善;同时,对于器件寿命提升非常明显,在OLED发光器件中具有良好的应用效果,具有良好的产业化前景。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种照明或显示元件,其特征在于,包括上述有机电致发光器件。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明的化合物均以芴为骨架,且母核进行取代或并环,与六元并环衍生物支链相连,支链结构为刚性结构,空间位阻大,不易转动,使得本发明化合物材料的立体结构更加稳定。本发明化合物作为OLED的空穴传输层或电子阻挡材料使用时,合适的HOMO能级能够有效地实现空穴传输;在合适的LUMO能级下,又起到了电子阻挡的作用,提升激子在发光层中的复合效率,减少了能量损失,使发光层主体材料能量充分传递至掺杂材料,从而提升材料应用于器件后的发光效率。
2.本发明的化合物的结构使得电子和空穴在发光层的分布更加平衡,在恰当的HOMO能级下,提升了空穴注入和传输性能;作为OLED发光器件的发光功能层材料使用时,以芴为骨架的母核搭配本发明范围内的支链可有效提高激子利用率和高荧光辐射效率,降低高电流密度下的效率滚降,降低器件电压,提高器件的电流效率和寿命。
3.本发明化合物在芴或螺芴的基团上进行了取代或并环设计,增加取代基团后,材料Tg温度升高、活泼C-H键得到钝化,提高了材料的稳定性;取代基团的加入使得材料分子量增加,但在实际应用过程中,材料的蒸镀温度反而降低,材料加工温度和分解温度之间的温度区间变宽,提高了材料的使用加工窗口。
4.本发明的化合物在应用于OLED器件时,通过器件结构优化,可保持高的膜层稳定性,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命,具有良好的应用效果和产业化前景。
附图说明
图1为膜相态局部结晶样图。
图2为膜相态局部结晶导致器件点亮后产生黑班样图。
图3为本发明所列举的材料应用于OLED器件的结构示意图,其中,各标号所代表的部件如下:
1、透明基板层,2、ITO阳极层,3、空穴注入层,4、空穴传输层,5、电子阻挡层,6、发光层,7、空穴阻挡/电子传输层,8、电子注入层,9、阴极反射电极层。
图4为本发明的化合物制备的OLED器件在不同温度下测量的电流效率曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
中间体Ⅱ-1的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000341
(1)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.01mol原料A-1,0.015mol原料B-1,用甲苯和乙醇的混合溶剂溶解(其中甲苯90mL,乙醇45mL),然后加入0.03mol Na2CO3水溶液(2M),通氮气搅拌1h,然后加入0.0001mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热回流15h,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却、过滤、滤液旋蒸、残余物过硅胶柱,得中间体S1-1;HPLC纯度95.3%,收率84.8%;
元素分析结构(分子式C21H19NO4):理论值C,72.19;H,5.48;N,4.01;O,18.32;测试值:C,72.18;H,5.48;N,4.02;O,18.32。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为349.13,实测值为349.29。
(2)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.02mol中间体S1-1,用100mL邻二氯苯溶解,加入0.03mol三苯基膦,在170~190℃下搅拌反应12-16h,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸,过中性硅胶柱,得中间体S2-1;HPLC纯度93.4%,收率85.2%;
元素分析结构(分子式C21H19NO2):理论值C,79.47;H,6.03;N,4.41;O,10.08;测试值:C,79.46;H,6.03;N,4.41;O,10.09。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为317.14,实测值为317.02。
(3)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.02mol中间体S2-1、0.03mol溴苯、0.05mol叔丁醇钠、0.2mmolPd2(dba)3、0.2mmol三叔丁基膦,用150mL甲苯搅拌混合,加热至110-120℃,回流反应12-24小时,取样点板,显示无中间体S2-1剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸至无馏分,过中性硅胶柱,得到中间体S3-1;HPLC纯度96.5%,收率76.1%;
元素分析结构(分子式C27H23NO2):理论值C,82.42;H,5.89;N,3.56;O,8.13;测试值:C,82.43;H,5.88;N,3.56;O,8.13。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为393.17,实测值为393.28。
(4)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.02mol中间体S3-1,用50mL乙酸溶解,用冰盐浴降温至0℃;称取0.025mol液溴溶于50mL冰醋酸中,并缓慢滴加至中间体S3-1的乙酸溶液中,室温搅拌5h,取样点板,显示无中间体S3-1剩余,反应完全;反应结束后,向反应液中加入碱液中和,用二氯甲烷萃取,分层,取有机相过滤,滤液减压旋蒸至无馏分,过硅胶柱,得到中间体S4-1;HPLC纯度97.2%,收率79.4%;
元素分析结构(分子式C27H22BNO2):理论值C,68.65;H,4.69;Br,16.92;N,2.97;O,6.77;测试值:C,68.65;H,4.69;Br,16.92;N,2.96;O,6.78。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为471.08,实测值为471.12。
(5)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.02mol中间体S4-1,用40mL四氢呋喃溶解,冷却至-78℃,然后向反应体系中加入1.6mol/L正丁基锂的四氢呋喃溶液15ml,在-78℃下反应3h后加入0.024mol硼酸三异丙酯,反应2h,然后将反应体系升至0℃,加入50mL的2mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌3h,反应完全,加入乙醚萃取,萃取液加入无水硫酸镁干燥,旋蒸,用乙醇溶剂重结晶,得到中间体Ⅱ-1。HPLC纯度97.6%,收率78.4%;
元素分析结构(分子式C27H24BrNO4):理论值C,74.16;H,5.53;Br,2.47;N,3.20;O,14.63;测试值:C,74.16;H,5.53;Br,2.48;N,3.20;O,14.62。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为437.18,实测值为437.29。
中间体Ⅱ-1的合成分为五步:由原料A-1和原料B-1合成中间体S1-1;中间体S1-1经成环反应形成中间体S2-1;中间体S2-1和原料E-1合成中间体S3-1;中间体S3-1溴化形成中间体S4-1;最后由中间体S4-1和硼酸三异丙酯合成中间体Ⅱ-1。其他中间体Ⅱ的制备方法与中间体Ⅱ-1的制备方法类似,本发明用到的中间体Ⅱ的具体结构如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0001819605290000351
Figure BDA0001819605290000361
中间体Ⅲ-1的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000362
(1)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.01mol原料D-1,0.015mol原料E-1,用甲苯和乙醇的混合溶剂溶解(其中甲苯90mL,乙醇45mL),然后加入0.03mol Na2CO3水溶液(2M),通氮气搅拌1h,然后加入0.0001mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热回流15h,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却、过滤、滤液旋蒸、残余物过硅胶柱,得中间体T1-1;HPLC纯度95.2%,收率89.6%;
元素分析结构(分子式C21H17NO3):理论值C,76.12;H,5.17;N,4.23;O,14.48;测试值:C,76.12;H,5.18;N,4.23;O,14.47。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为331.12,实测值为331.05。
(2)在250mL的三口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入0.02mol中间体T1-1,用100mL邻二氯苯溶解,加入0.03mol三苯基膦,在170-190℃下搅拌反应12-16h,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸,过中性硅胶柱,得中间体Ⅲ-1;HPLC纯度96.2%,收率86.9%;
元素分析结构(分子式C21H17NO):理论值C,84.25;H,5.72;N,4.68;O,5.34;测试值:C,84.24;H,5.72;N,4.68;O,5.35。ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值为299.13,实测值为299.28。
中间体Ⅲ-1的合成分为五步:由原料D-1和原料E-1合成中间体T1-1;中间体T1-1经成环反应形成中间体Ⅲ-1。其他中间体Ⅲ的制备方法与中间体Ⅲ-1的制备方法类似,本发明用到的中间体Ⅲ的具体结构如表2所示。
表2
Figure BDA0001819605290000371
实施例1化合物4的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000372
在250ml的三口瓶中,通氮气保护下,加入0.01mol原料I-1,0.012mol中间体III-1,150ml甲苯搅拌混合,然后加入0.03mol叔丁醇钠,5×10-5molPd2(dba)3,5×10-5mol三叔丁基膦,加热至105℃,回流反应24小时,取样点板,显示无溴代物剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液进行减压旋蒸(-0.09MPa,85℃),过中性硅胶柱,得到目标产物,HPLC纯度96.9%,收率86.2%;
元素分析结构(分子式C52H35NO2):理论值C,88.48;H,5.00;N,1.98;O,4.53;测试值:C,88.48;H,5.01;N,1.97;O,4.53。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为705.27,实测分子量705.13。
实施例2化合物17的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000381
化合物17的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-2替换原料I-1。元素分析结构(分子式C65H45NO):理论值C,91.20;H,5.30;N,1.64;O,1.87;测试值:C,91.19;H,5.30;N,1.64;O,1.88。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为855.35,实测分子量855.22。
实施例3化合物27的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000382
在250mL的三口瓶中,通入氮气,加入0.01mol中间体Ⅰ-3,0.015mol中间体Ⅱ-1,用甲苯和乙醇的混合溶剂溶解(其中甲苯90mL,乙醇45mL),然后加入0.03mol Na2CO3水溶液(2M),通氮气搅拌1h,然后加入0.0001mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热回流15h,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却、过滤、滤液旋蒸、残余物过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,HPLC纯度97.4%,收率89.1%;
元素分析结构(分子式C58H51NO2):理论值C,87.73;H,6.47;N,1.76;O,4.03;测试值:C,87.73;H,6.47;N,1.77;O,4.04。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为793.39,实测分子量793.55。
实施例4化合物39的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000383
化合物39的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-4替换原料I-1,用原料IV-1替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C53H36N2OS):理论值C,85.00;H,4.85;N,3.74;O,2.14;S,4.28;测试值:C,85.01;H,4.85;N,3.74;O,2.13;S,4.28。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为748.25,实测分子量748.36。
实施例5化合物71的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000391
化合物71的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-5替换原料I-1。元素分析结构(分子式C54H49NO):理论值C,89.09;H,6.78;N,1.92;O,2.20;测试值:C,89.09;H,6.78;N,1.91;O,2.21。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为727.38,实测分子量727.49。
实施例6化合物83的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000392
化合物83的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-6替换原料I-1。元素分析结构(分子式C52H33NO2):理论值C,88.74;H,4.73;N,1.99;O,4.55;测试值:C,88.75;H,4.73;N,1.98;O,4.55。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为703.25,实测分子量703.16。
实施例7化合物98的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000393
化合物98的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-7替换原料I-1,用原料IV-2替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C67H43N3S):理论值C,87.27;H,4.70;N,4.56;S,3.48;测试值:C,87.27;H,4.69;N,4.57;S,3.48。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为921.32,实测分子量921.16。
实施例8化合物124的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000394
化合物124的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-8替换原料I-1,用中间体III-2替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C82H55N3O):理论值C,89.67;H,5.05;N,3.83;O,1.46;测试值:C,89.66;H,5.06;N,3.83;O,1.46。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1097.43,实测分子量1097.22。
实施例9化合物127的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000401
化合物127的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-9替换原料I-1。元素分析结构(分子式C50H39NO):理论值C,89.65;H,5.87;N,2.09;O,2.39;测试值:C,89.65;H,5.88;N,2.09;O,2.38。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为669.30,实测分子量669.12。
实施例10化合物138的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000402
化合物138的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-10替换原料I-1,用中间体III-3替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C62H42N2OS):理论值C,86.28;H,4.91;N,3.25;O,1.85;S,3.71;测试值:C,86.28;H,4.91;N,3.24;O,1.85;S,3.72。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为862.30,实测分子量862.09。
实施例11化合物149的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000403
化合物149的制备方法同实施例3,不同之处在于采用原料I-11替换原料I-3,用中间体II-2替换中间体II-1。元素分析结构(分子式C58H47NO):理论值C,90.00;H,6.12;N,1.81;O,2.07;测试值:C,90.02;H,6.11;N,1.81;O,2.06。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为773.37,实测分子量773.28。
实施例12化合物157的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000411
化合物157的制备方法同实施例3,不同之处在于采用原料I-12替换原料I-3,用原料IV-3替换中间体II-1。元素分析结构(分子式C89H73N3):理论值C,90.24;H,6.21;N,3.55;测试值:C,90.24;H,6.20;N,3.56。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1183.58,实测分子量1183.45。
实施例13化合物166的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000412
化合物166的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-13替换原料I-1,用中间体III-4替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C55H44N2O):理论值C,88.20;H,5.92;N,3.74;O,2.14;测试值:C,88.20;H,5.92;N,3.73;O,2.15。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为748.35,实测分子量748.52。
实施例14化合物186的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000413
化合物186的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-14替换原料I-1,用中间体III-4替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C56H43NO2):理论值C,88.27;H,5.69;N,1.84;O,4.20;测试值:C,88.27;H,5.70;N,1.84;O,4.19。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为761.33,实测分子量761.15。
实施例15化合物205的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000414
化合物205的制备方法同实施例3,不同之处在于采用原料I-15替换原料I-3,用中间体II-3替换中间体II-1。元素分析结构(分子式C74H55N):理论值C,92.75;H,5.79;N,1.46;测试值:C,92.75;H,5.78;N,1.47。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为957.43,实测分子量957.26。
实施例16化合物216的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000421
化合物216的制备方法同实施例3,不同之处在于采用原料I-2替换原料I-3,用原料IV-4替换中间体II-1。元素分析结构(分子式C77H56N2):理论值C,91.63;H,5.59;N,2.78;测试值:C,91.62;H,5.59;N,2.77。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1008.44,实测分子量1008.31。
实施例17化合物56的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000422
化合物56的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-16替换原料I-1,用中间体III-5替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C61H46N2O):理论值C,89.02;H,5.63;N,3.40;O,1.94;测试值:C,89.01;H,5.63;N,3.41;O,1.94。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为822.36,实测分子量822.42。
实施例18化合物11的制备
Figure BDA0001819605290000423
化合物11的制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于采用原料I-17替换原料I-1,用中间体III-6替换中间体III-1。元素分析结构(分子式C68H51N):理论值C,92.58;H,5.83;N,1.59;测试值:C,92.58;H,5.84;N,1.58。HPLC-MS:材料分子量为881.40,实测分子量881.26。
本发明化合物在发光器件中使用,具有高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和三线态能级(T1),合适的HOMO、LUMO能级,可作为空穴传输、电子阻挡和发光层材料使用。对本发明上述实施例制备的化合物和现有材料HTR、EBR分别进行热性能、T1能级以及HOMO能级测试,结果如表3所示。
表3
化合物 T1(eV) Tg(℃) HOMO能级(eV) 功能层
化合物4 2.76 156 -5.62 电子阻挡层
化合物11 2.69 158 -5.49 空穴传输层
化合物17 2.69 158 -5.65 电子阻挡层
化合物27 2.72 161 -5.61 电子阻挡层
化合物39 2.73 159 -5.63 电子阻挡层
化合物56 2.70 154 -5.58 电子阻挡层
化合物71 2.70 163 -5.62 电子阻挡层
化合物83 2.69 156 -5.63 电子阻挡层
化合物98 2.72 157 -5.69 发光层
化合物124 2.64 163 -5.47 空穴传输层
化合物127 2.79 160 -5.64 电子阻挡层
化合物138 2.63 156 -5.49 空穴传输层
化合物149 2.76 157 -5.63 电子阻挡层
化合物157 2.74 154 -5.68 发光层
化合物166 2.73 153 -5.62 电子阻挡层
化合物186 2.75 162 -5.64 电子阻挡层
化合物205 2.67 156 -5.47 空穴传输层
化合物216 2.79 164 -5.63 电子阻挡层
HTR 2.56 137 -5.46 空穴传输层
EBR 2.64 138 -5.52 电子阻挡层
注:三线态能级T1是由日立的F4600荧光光谱仪测试,材料的测试条件为2*10- 5mol/L的甲苯溶液;玻璃化转变温度Tg由示差扫描量热法(DSC,德国耐驰公司DSC204F1示差扫描量热仪)测定,升温速率10℃/min;最高占据分子轨道HOMO能级是由电离能量测试系统(IPS-3)测试,测试为大气环境。
由上表数据可知,本发明的化合物具有高的玻璃化转变温度,可提高材料膜相态稳定性,进一步提高器件使用寿命;本发明化合物含有电子给体与电子受体,使得应用本发明化合物的OLED器件电子和空穴达到平衡状态,保证了电子和空穴的复合率,从而提升了OLED器件的效率和寿命,本发明材料具有高的三线态能级,可以阻挡发光层能量损失,从而提升器件发光效率。同时本发明材料具有合适的HOMO能级可以解决载流子的注入问题,可降低器件电压;因此,本发明的有机材料在应用于OLED器件的不同功能层后,可有效提高器件的发光效率及使用寿命。
化合物HTR为CN107868048A中结构,作为本专利比较结构1,化合物EBR为CN107868084A中结构,作为本专利比较结构2,本发明化合物在芴类母核结构上增加了取代基,不论是增加的并环结构还是支链结构,都会增大结构的空间位阻,使分子不易聚集结晶,使分子具有更高的热稳定性;作为电子阻挡材料,本发明化合物127具有比BER更深的HOMO能级,注入势垒小,利于空穴注入发光层,提高发光效率;而BER,由于HOMO能级太浅,空穴注入势垒太大,激子易于在靠近发光层界面处复合,降低发光效率;EBR的T1能级为2.64,本专利化合物127的T1能级为2.79,最为紧邻发光层的电子阻挡层材料,较高的T1能级有利于阻挡发光层能量损失,从而提高器件发光效率,因此含有本发明化合物的器件具有较高的器件效率。计算和实测的对比材料物性见表4。
表4
Figure BDA0001819605290000441
与对比结构HTR和EBR相比,本发明化合物,因中心芴结构上连接取代基或并环结构,使得整个分子立体性增强,表5为优化得到的两分子之间的排布方式及相互作用能,分子间堆积方式根据分子静电势等值面图得到,分子间相互作用能越小,说明分子堆积时,相互作用释放出的能量越多,堆积越稳定,越容易形成堆积,且堆积越不容易分离。
表5
Figure BDA0001819605290000442
Figure BDA0001819605290000451
注:模拟计算均使用Gaussian 16软件,采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法和基组。
由上表数据可以看出,化合物EBR和HTR的分子间相互作用力较大,将化合物EBR和HTR用于电致发光器件时,会对器件的显示效果造成不利的影响,这是因为化合物EBR和HTR作为OLED器件使用时,使用的成膜方式是蒸镀的方式,分子间的相互作用力过大的有机化合物在加热蒸镀时,为克服分子间作用力,蒸镀温度会明显提高,蒸镀温度过高会导致有机分子的分解从而产生杂质,降低器件使用寿命;而本发明申请中化合物分子间相互作用力相对较小,容易克服分子间作用力而蒸发至基板上,因此可以降低蒸镀温度,从而解决了化合物EBR和HTR分子因蒸镀温度过高而导致有机分子分解问题,因此,本发明申请化合物应用于器件后因有机物高纯度而具有较好的显示及长寿命效果,本发明申请的化合物在应用于器件时,具有更好的使用性能;因此含有本发明化合物的器件具有较长的使用寿命。
同时,分子间相互作用力较大也会影响薄膜的形态,分子间相互作用力大,不易分离,会导致各分子之间易相互积聚集结,造成膜相态局部结晶,如图1所示。
局部的结晶会造成器件点亮后产生黑点或亮斑(如图2所示),进而影响器件的使用显示效果,随着结晶程度的增加,晶体粒径变大,当晶体颗粒直径大于器件有机材料总厚度时,通入电流会造成器件短路,从而破坏整个器件,严重影响器件的发光效率,从而限制化合物在电子发光器件领域的应用。综上,本发明申请与对比化合物HTR和EBR相比,具有显著的进步。
下面将通过器件实施例说明本发明的化合物在OLED器件中的应用效果。器件实施例1-18和器件比较例1、器件比较例2、器件比较例3,器件实施例2-18、器件比较例1、器件比较例2、器件比较例3与器件实施例1相比,制作工艺完全相同,并且采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是器件中空穴传输、电子阻挡层材料或发光层材料发生了改变,各器件每层组成如表6所示,各器件的性能测试结果如表7和表8所示。
器件实施例1
如图3所示,一种电致发光器件,其制备步骤如下:
a)清洗透明基板层1上的ITO阳极层2,分别用去离子水、丙酮、乙醇超声清洗各15分钟,然后在等离子体清洗器中处理2分钟;
b)在ITO阳极层2上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀HAT-CN作为空穴注入层3,蒸镀厚度为10nm;
c)在空穴注入层3上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀化合物HT-1作为空穴传输层4,蒸镀厚度为60nm;在空穴传输层4上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀本发明化合物4作为电子阻挡层5,蒸镀厚度为20nm;
d)在电子阻挡层5上蒸镀发光层6,发光层6的主体材料为GH-1、GH-2,掺杂材料为GD-1,GH-1、GH-2、GD-1的质量比为45:45:10,厚度为30nm;
e)在发光层6之上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀ET-1和Liq按质量比1:1,厚度为35nm,作为空穴阻挡/电子传输层7,蒸镀厚度为40nm;
f)在空穴阻挡/电子传输层7之上,真空蒸镀电子注入层LiF作为电子注入层8,蒸镀厚度为1nm;
g)在电子注入层8之上,真空蒸镀阴极Al作为阴极反射电极层9,蒸镀厚度为100nm,得到所述电致发光器件。
各器件每层组成如表6所示,各器件的性能测试结果如表7和表8所示,各器件所用材料结构式如下:
Figure BDA0001819605290000461
Figure BDA0001819605290000471
表6
Figure BDA0001819605290000472
Figure BDA0001819605290000481
表7
器件实施例 电流效率(cd/A) 色彩 寿命LT97(Hr)@5000nits
1 66.9 绿光 115.3
2 73.4 绿光 124.9
3 65.2 绿光 112.6
4 70.8 绿光 107.7
5 72.1 绿光 116.9
6 74.3 绿光 121.3
7 67.5 绿光 105.8
8 68.4 绿光 126.7
9 65.2 绿光 110.9
10 67.6 绿光 119.7
11 68.5 绿光 120.9
12 71.8 绿光 116.4
13 72.5 绿光 105.2
14 73.7 绿光 128.4
15 69.3 绿光 129.3
16 76.2 绿光 114.2
17 67.6 绿光 128.7
18 74.8 绿光 126.1
比较例1 57.4 绿光 93.4
比较例2 56.2 绿光 99.7
比较例3 58 绿光 80.5
由表7结果可以看出,本发明制备的以芴为核心的化合物可应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且与器件比较例相比,无论是效率还是寿命均比已知OLED材料获得较大改观,特别是器件的寿命衰减获得较大的提升。
为了比较不同器件在高电流密度下效率衰减的情况,定义了各器件的效率衰减系数φ,φ表示驱动电流为100mA/cm2时器件的最大效率μ100与器件的最大效率μm之差与最大效率之间的比值,φ值越大,说明器件的效率滚降越严重,反之,说明器件在高电流密度下快速衰降的问题得到了控制。本发明测定了器件实施例1-18,器件比较例1-3所得器件的效率衰减系数φ,结果如表8示:
表8
器件实施例 效率衰减系数φ 器件实施例 效率衰减系数φ
1 0.26 11 0.23
2 0.28 12 0.21
3 0.22 13 0.25
4 0.25 14 0.24
5 0.26 15 0.26
6 0.25 16 0.25
7 0.26 17 0.24
8 0.24 18 0.26
9 0.22 比较例1 0.40
10 0.25 比较例2 0.42
比较例3 0.41
从表8数据可知,采用本发明的化合物制备的有机发光器件具有较小的效率衰减系数,说明采用本发明的化合物制备的有机电致发光器件能够有效地降低效率滚降。
本发明的化合物制备的OLED器件在低温下工作时效率也比较稳定,将器件实施例1、5、9和器件比较例1所得器件在-10~80℃区间进行效率测试,所得结果如表9和图4所示。
表9
Figure BDA0001819605290000491
从表9和图4的数据可知,器件实施例1、5、9为本发明化合物和已知材料搭配的器件结构,和器件比较例1相比,不仅低温效率高,而且在温度升高过程中,效率平稳升高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种以芴为核心的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的结构如通式(1)所示:
Figure FDA0001819605280000011
通式(1)中,------表示为两个基团连接或不连接;
m、n、p、q各自独立的表示为0或1,且m+n+p+q≥1;
a、b各自独立的表示为0或1,且a+b=1;
当R1、R2、R3、R4与通式(1)以取代方式连接时,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的表示为C1-C20的烷基、C2-C20的烯烃基、C6-C30芳基或5-30元杂芳基;
当R1、R2、R3、R4与通式(1)以并环方式连接时,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的表示为通式(2)或通式(3)所示结构;
Figure FDA0001819605280000012
通式(2)中,所述X表示为氧原子、硫原子、-C(R5)(R6)-、-N(R7)-或-Si(R8)(R9)-;
R5-R9分别独立的表示为C1-C10烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基中的一种;所述R5与R6、R8与R9还可以相互连接成3元至30元脂环或芳环;
通式(2)、通式(3)通过*标记的两个相邻位置与通式(1)中*标记的两个相邻的位置稠合连接;
所述Ra、Rb分别独立地表示为通式(4)或通式(5)所示结构;
Figure FDA0001819605280000021
通式(4)和通式(5)中,所述R10、R11分别独立地表示为通式(6)或通式(7)所述结构;s、t表示0或1,且s+t≥1;
Figure FDA0001819605280000022
通式(6)通过*标记的两个相邻位置与通式(4)和通式(5)中*标记的两个相邻的位置稠合连接;
通式(4)、通式(5)和通式(6)中,X1、X2、X3、X4分别独立地表示为氧原子、硫原子、-C(R12)(R13)-、-N(R14)-或-Si(R15)(R16)-;其中X4还可以表示为单键;
R12-R16分别独立的表示为C1-C10烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基;所述R12与R13、R15与R16还可以相互连接形成3元至30元脂环或芳环;
通式(4)、通式(5)和通式(6)中,Y每次出现相同或不同地表示为N原子或C-R17
通式(4)和通式(5)中连接位点处的Y表示为碳原子;
其中R17选自氢原子、氰基、卤素、C1-C20的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基中的一种;
通式(1)和通式(7)中,L每次出现相同或不同地表示为单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子的取代或未取代的5-30元亚杂芳基中的一种;
通式(7)中,Ar1、Ar2各自独立地代表取代或未取代的C6-C30芳基、含有一个或多个杂原子取代或未取代的5-30元杂芳基;
所述可被取代基团的取代基任选自氰基、卤素、C6-C30芳基、5-30元杂芳基中的一种或几种;
所述杂原子任选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种以芴为核心的化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述R5-R9、R12-R16分别独立的表示为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基或呋喃基中的一种;
所述L表示为取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚吡啶基、取代或未取代的亚呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚萘啶基中的一种;
所述R17选自氢原子、氟原子、氰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、萘啶基或吡啶基中的一种;
所述Ar1、Ar2各自独立地表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的萘啶基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的二苯基芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的氮杂咔唑基中的一种;
所述可被取代基团的取代基任选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、萘基、萘啶基、二联苯基、三联苯基、呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、咔唑基或吡啶基中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种以芴为核心的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的结构可表示为通式(Ⅱ-1)至(Ⅱ-6)中的任一种:
Figure FDA0001819605280000031
Figure FDA0001819605280000041
其中使用的符号和标记具有权利要求1中所定义的涵义。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种以芴为核心的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的具体结构为:
Figure FDA0001819605280000042
Figure FDA0001819605280000051
Figure FDA0001819605280000061
Figure FDA0001819605280000071
Figure FDA0001819605280000081
Figure FDA0001819605280000091
Figure FDA0001819605280000101
Figure FDA0001819605280000111
Figure FDA0001819605280000121
Figure FDA0001819605280000131
Figure FDA0001819605280000141
Figure FDA0001819605280000151
Figure FDA0001819605280000152
中的任一种。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的以芴为核心的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为第一种制备方法或第二种制备方法,
第一种制备方法,涉及如下反应方程式:
Figure FDA0001819605280000161
上式中,胺基化合物选自Ra-H或Rb-H;
反应式1-1反应的具体过程为:称取原料I和胺基化合物,用甲苯溶解;再加入Pd2(dba)3、P(t-Bu)3、叔丁醇钠;在惰性气氛下,将上述反应物的混合溶液于95-110℃下反应10-24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到上述目标产物;所述原料I与胺基化合物的摩尔比为1:(1.2-3.0),Pd2(dba)3与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,三叔丁基膦与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1,叔丁醇钠与原料I的摩尔比为(1.0-3.0):1;
第二种制备方法,涉及如下反应方程式:
Figure FDA0001819605280000162
上式中,硼酸化合物选自
Figure FDA0001819605280000163
反应式1-2的具体过程为:称取原料I、硼酸化合物,用体积比为2:1的甲苯与乙醇的混合溶剂溶解;在惰性气氛下,再加入Na2CO3水溶液、Pd(PPh3)4;将上述反应物的混合溶液于反应温度95-110℃,反应10-24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物;所述原料I与硼酸化合物的摩尔比为1:(1.0-2.0);Na2CO3与原料I的摩尔比为(1.0-3.0):1;Pd(PPh3)4与原料I的摩尔比为(0.006-0.02):1。
6.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,至少一层功能层含有权利要求1-4任一项所述的以芴为核心的化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述功能层为空穴传输层和/或电子阻挡层和/或发光层。
8.一种照明或显示元件,其特征在于,包括如权利要求6或7所述的有机电致发光器件。
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