CN110896769A

CN110896769A - Kiwi fruit non-habitat planting method

Info

Publication number: CN110896769A
Application number: CN201911170800.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王学锋
Original assignee: Shanghai Hui Hui Kiwi Planting Professional Cooperatives
Current assignee: Shanghai Hui Hui Kiwi Planting Professional Cooperatives
Priority date: 2019-11-26
Filing date: 2019-11-26
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting kiwi fruits in a non-habitability area, which aims at the characteristics of the kiwi fruits and the climate conditions of the area, prepares a whole set of kiwi fruits, and emphasizes the details of fertilization and pruning in the growth process of the kiwi fruits from seedling selection to garden building and planting, thereby ensuring that the kiwi fruits achieve the purposes of high yield and high quality. The problem that the garden is damaged due to canker in the early maturing red yang of the kiwi fruit products in middle and late stages is mainly solved by properly planting the good early maturing varieties, the premature senility death problem caused by too late maturity due to the middle and late maturing varieties is reduced, the development and the promotion of the kiwi fruit industry are promoted, fruit growers who are afraid of developing the kiwi fruit industry due to the kiwi fruit varieties can develop boldly, and meanwhile, the problem that the growth of the roots of the kiwi fruit is blocked is effectively solved by acidizing the surface of soil.

Description

Kiwi fruit non-habitat planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a method for planting kiwi fruit in a non-habitability area.

Background

In the sea area, for example, the kiwi fruits are planted for more than 30 years, and the phenomenon of garden damage frequently occurs due to variety selection and the like. The planting area is not less than twenty thousand mu, and the current area is less than five thousand mu. Seriously affecting the income of fruit growers and the sustainable development of the kiwi fruit planting industry.

There are many factors that affect the development of the Shanghai Kiwi berry industry, and several old varieties cannot meet the development needs of Kiwi berry, especially early-maturing varieties.

Therefore, according to actual investigation, experts select 'green-scent' kiwi fruits to plant in Shanghai, and the 'green-scent' kiwi fruits grow vigorously and mature early, so that the produced kiwi fruits are beautiful in fruit shape, thick, sweet and juicy in flavor, excellent in quality, strong in eating desire, high in yield, free of bagging, and high in market acceptance and academic value, and has the advantages of the kiwi fruits such as 'Jinkui', 'slow scent' and 'red Yang'.

However, when the green kiwi fruits are cultivated in Shanghai regions, the root system of the kiwi fruits is hindered from growing due to the problem of soil surface layer acidification, and the correlation of the green kiwi fruits is researched around the problem of soil surface layer acidification. Through field investigation and a soil pH value measurement method, the surface soil layer is found to be partial acid. Because the groundwater level is high, after the surface soil is concentrated and ridge-making planting is carried out, the root system of the kiwi fruit is still shallow and is concentrated between 10 and 45 centimeters below the ground surface. However, under the conditions of much rainwater and lack of deep ploughing of soil, the pH value at a position 10-25 cm below the ground surface is slightly acidic, and in 2017 spring, after two tests of Shanghai agricultural academy on the surface soil of the kiwi orchard, the first time is 5.3, and the second time is measured to obtain data of slightly acidic property of 5.4. Obviously can seriously influence the normal growth of kiwi fruit, because the pH value that is fit for the kiwi fruit to grow should be 6.5 ~ 7, and the top layer root system takes up about half moreover, so, whatever the acidized piece of soil top layer, the kiwi fruit is just hindered to grow.

Therefore, it is urgent for those skilled in the art to provide a planting method suitable for the growth of the green kiwi fruit in the Shanghai region.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a kiwi fruit planting method which is convenient for large-scale planting of kiwi fruits and ensures that the kiwi fruits achieve the purposes of high yield and high quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for planting kiwi fruits in a non-habitability area, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: selecting a garden;

step 2: soil improvement is carried out on the garden land;

and step 3: picking up the seedlings of the macaques and planting the seedlings;

and 4, step 4: performing fertilizer and water management on the seedlings after planting and the kiwi fruits in the growth period;

and 5: after the young seedlings are formed into young trees, the young trees are trimmed;

step 6: managing fruits on the tree;

and 7: the disease and pest control is carried out on the kiwi fruits in time;

and 8: and (4) harvesting the mature kiwi fruits.

Preferably, in step 1, the garden is selected from soil with deep soil, loose soil, rich organic matter, good permeability and fertile quality, and has sufficient water source and good irrigation conditions.

Preferably, in step 2, the soil improvement comprises planting broad beans on the planting ridges every 10 months, pressing to geography by 6 months in the next year, low-species broad beans in 6 months, and pressing to the planting ridges in 10 months; the broad beans and the green beans are naturally rotten and are used for increasing the soil fertility;

the soil improvement also comprises surface layer acidizing treatment on the soil surface layer, specifically comprises the steps of spreading quicklime on the soil surface layer in stages and deeply ploughing the soil to keep the PH of the soil at 6.5-7.0.

Preferably, in step 3, the permanent planting comprises confirming the permanent planting time and the permanent planting method;

the planting time is as follows: the earlier the cultivation is, the better the effect is, the more the year is from 10 months to 2 months in the next year;

the planting method comprises the following steps: planting seedlings according to the number of 125 plants per mu, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 1.33 m; dipping the root system with the medicinal injection liquid prepared from carbendazim and rooting powder, placing the root system at the center of the planting hole, and holding the straight root system by hand to prevent the root from bending and nesting to influence the growth; because the root of the kiwi fruit is a fleshy lateral root and is not trampling, finely dispersed soil is filled into the rhizosphere during planting, the seedling is continuously lifted to shake the root system along with the filling, the root system is properly pressed, the root system is spread and closely combined with the soil, and sufficient root fixing water is poured; after planting, the tree tray is always kept moist, fertile, stain-proof and drought-proof.

Preferably, in the step 4, the fertilizer and water management is to add quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the young trees in time while applying enough base fertilizer; dressing fertilizer once before each tip extraction, and promoting the growth of the branch tips by combining with foliar fertilizer spraying;

the application of base fertilizer and fruit strengthening fertilizer is emphasized for adult trees; applying organic fertilizer to the base fertilizer, and applying the organic fertilizer after picking fruits; the strong fruit fertilizer is applied within 1 month after the flowers are withered, and a compound fertilizer taking a potassium fertilizer as a main component is applied;

attention is paid to timely drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons, and timely irrigation and drought prevention in dry seasons, so that flooding irrigation is avoided, and drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation are popularized.

Preferably, in step 5, the refurbishment trimming includes summer trimming and winter trimming;

the summer pruning comprises: removing excessive long branches, dense branches, long fruit branches and auxiliary tips which grow vigorously to keep the orchard unblocked and transparent, and simultaneously controlling the vegetative growth of the tree body, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruits; in addition, a substitute branch of the fruiting mother branch needs to be selected and reserved;

the winter pruning includes: updating fruiting mother branches, preventing fruiting parts from moving outwards, removing weak and dense branches, and controlling the number of reasonable fruiting branches and development branches; trimming in winter is carried out after leaf falling and before the next year of bleeding injury; the fruiting mother branches should be updated every 2-3 years, otherwise, fruiting parts are easy to move outwards or rise, and yield and quality are affected; after the substitute branches at the base of the fruiting mother branch are cultured, the branches are full, the eyes of the buds are full, and when the substitute branches become fruiting mother branches in the next year, old fruiting mother branches can be thinned and removed, so that the aim of updating is fulfilled; culturing buds on the short branches germinated on the trunk and the leader branch and on the upper parts of the fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches into fruiting mother branches in the next year;

the fruiting mother branches which grow too weak or have too high branches on the fruiting mother branches need to be updated in time, the fruiting mother branches are cut off from the latent buds at the base parts during winter pruning, the latent buds are promoted to germinate, and a robust new shoot is selected as the fruiting mother branch in the next year; and as a result, the interval between the mother branches or the substitute branches is 25-35 cm, and the length of the mother branches or the substitute branches is determined by the condition that the mother branches or the substitute branches are not wound with other branches or do not hang on the ground.

Preferably, in the step 6, the management of the fruits on the trees comprises that under the premise of full pollination, the fruit setting rate is high, and flowers and fruits are properly thinned; and (3) reserving 1 fruit for every 4-5 leaves, reserving 3-4 fruits for the strong branches, reserving 2-3 fruits for the medium branches, reserving 1-2 fruits for the weak branches, and reserving about 100 fruits for each medium tree. (ii) a When the kiwi fruits meet the low-temperature rainy weather in the flowering period, the activities of the pollination insects are influenced, so that the normal pollination fertilization and fruit setting are influenced, and artificial supplementary pollination is preferably carried out in the period; collecting pollen of male flowers to be opened, and directly dipping the flowers and pollinating by using a pencil rubber ball or a brush pen after being cut flat.

Preferably, in step 7, the pest control includes agricultural control and chemical control;

the agricultural control comprises: the cultivation management is enhanced, the tree vigor is enhanced, organic fertilizers are applied more, and the partial application of nitrogen fertilizers and chemical fertilizers is prevented; in rainy seasons, the ditch is cleared and drained to prevent water accumulation, and the humidity of the orchard is reduced;

pruning in winter, cutting off insect-infected branches, scraping off old and warped bark of a trunk, removing dead branches, fallen leaves and rotten fruits in the field, shoveling off weeds and bringing the weeds out of an orchard for centralized burning, or deeply burying the weeds in soil in combination with winter fertilizer application, and spreading lime, lime sulphur mixture residues or other pesticides when filling the roots of ditches;

after the leaves are germinated and spread, moth-luring lamps or frequency vibration type insect-killing lamps are hung near the orchard, so that pests such as moths and scarabs with strong phototaxis can be prevented.

Preferably, in step 8, harvesting the mature kiwi fruit comprises: considering the quality and storage performance of the kiwi fruits comprehensively, the content of soluble solids is 6.5 percent as a recoverable index, and 8-10 percent is used as an optimal harvesting period.

Preferably, the kiwi fruit is green kiwi fruit.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention aims at the characteristics of the kiwi fruits and combines the climate conditions of each place to prepare a whole set of kiwi fruit planting method, and provides the details of fertilization and pruning in the growth process from seedling selection to garden building and planting, thereby ensuring that the kiwi fruits achieve the purpose of high yield and high quality;

in addition, the kiwi fruit planted by the planting method effectively solves the major problem that early-maturing kiwi fruit suitable for Shanghai climate is lacked in the development of the kiwi fruit in Shanghai regions, so that the kiwi fruit planting industry in Shanghai and surrounding regions is healthily and stably developed, the continuous healthy development of the kiwi fruit industry and the continuous income increase of farmers are facilitated by ensuring the high yield of the kiwi fruit, the construction and the introduction of a kiwi fruit industry standard demonstration base are facilitated, and the optimization and adjustment of agricultural planting structures are facilitated.

The problem that the garden is damaged due to canker in the early maturing red yang of the kiwi fruit products in middle and late stages is mainly solved by properly planting the good early maturing varieties, the premature senility death problem caused by too late maturity due to the middle and late maturing varieties is reduced, the development and the promotion of the kiwi fruit industry are promoted, fruit growers who are afraid of developing the kiwi fruit industry due to the kiwi fruit varieties can develop boldly, and meanwhile, the problem that the growth of the roots of the kiwi fruit is blocked is effectively solved by acidizing the surface of soil.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.

The cultivation of green kiwi fruits in Shanghai is taken as an example as follows:

the 'green fragrant' kiwi fruits sprout in the middle 3 th of the month, leave in the last 3 th of the month, flower in the last 5 th of the month, enter the fruit rapid expansion period in the middle 5 th of the month, and mature in the last 8 th of the month, which is 20-30 days earlier than that of common delicious kiwi fruits. The variety has higher requirements on fertilizer and water conditions, and the related cultivation technology is introduced as follows.

The invention provides a planting method of kiwi fruits in a non-habitability area, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: selecting a garden; the green and fragrant kiwi fruit has strong adaptability, selects soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, rich organic matter, good permeability and fertile soil in the field, and has sufficient water source and good irrigation condition; meanwhile, the kiwi fruit is weak in wind resistance, so that a garden is preferably built in a place with sufficient water source and exposed to the sun, high yield and high quality are facilitated, and the production cost is saved.

Step 2: soil improvement is carried out on the garden land;

the soil improvement comprises planting broad beans on the planting ridges in 10 months per year, pressing the broad beans to the geography in 6 months in the second year, and pressing the low broad beans in 6 months and the planting ridges in 10 months; the broad beans and the green beans are naturally rotten and are used for increasing the soil fertility;

And step 3: picking up the seedlings of the macaques and planting the seedlings; the permanent planting comprises confirming the permanent planting time and a permanent planting method;

the planting time is as follows: the earlier the cultivation is, the better the effect is, the more the year is from 10 months to 2 months in the next year; especially, the field planting in autumn has higher ground temperature, which is beneficial to the recovery of root system, and the seedling reviving period can not be generated in spring. The early spring planting period should not be later than 2 months (before bleeding injury).

And 4, step 4: carrying out fertilizer and water management on the seedlings after field planting and the growth period;

the young trees need to be fertilized in time while applying enough base fertilizer, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used; dressing fertilizer once before each tip extraction, and promoting the growth of the branch tips by combining with foliar fertilizer spraying;

the kiwi fruit has strict requirements on water, timely drains water to prevent waterlogging in rainy seasons, timely irrigates water to prevent drought in dry seasons, avoids irrigation by soaking, promotes drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation, and is particularly optimal for sprinkling irrigation in low-altitude areas.

the pruning is to remove some dead branches, weak branches, spindly branches, dense branches and insect-pest branches on the basis of sapling shaping, establish and maintain reasonable structures of growing branches and bearing branches, and coordinate the balance between plant growth and bearing. The pruning may be performed during the growing season, referred to as summer pruning, or during the winter season after defoliation, referred to as winter pruning.

Pruning in summer comprises: removing excessive long branches, dense branches, long fruit branches and auxiliary tips which grow vigorously to keep the orchard unblocked and transparent, and simultaneously controlling the vegetative growth of the tree body, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruits; in addition, a substitute branch of the fruiting mother branch needs to be selected and reserved;

winter pruning includes: updating fruiting mother branches, preventing fruiting parts from moving outwards, removing weak and dense branches, and controlling the number of reasonable fruiting branches and development branches; trimming in winter is carried out after leaf falling and before the next year of bleeding injury; the fruiting mother branches should be updated every 2-3 years, otherwise, fruiting parts are easy to move outwards or rise, and yield and quality are affected; after the substitute branches at the base of the fruiting mother branch are cultured, the branches are full, the eyes of the buds are full, and when the substitute branches become fruiting mother branches in the next year, old fruiting mother branches can be thinned and removed, so that the aim of updating is fulfilled; culturing buds on the short branches germinated on the trunk and the leader branch and on the upper parts of the fruiting branches on the fruiting mother branches into fruiting mother branches in the next year;

Step 6: managing fruits on the tree;

the green kiwi fruit has strong flower forming force, and the fruit setting rate is high on the premise of full pollination, and the appropriate flower thinning and fruit thinning are suitable; and (3) reserving 1 fruit for every 4-5 leaves, reserving 3-4 fruits for the strong branches, reserving 2-3 fruits for the medium branches, reserving 1-2 fruits for the weak branches, and reserving about 100 fruits for each medium tree. (ii) a When the kiwi fruits meet the low-temperature rainy weather in the flowering period, the activities of the pollination insects are influenced, so that the normal pollination fertilization and fruit setting are influenced, and artificial supplementary pollination is preferably carried out in the period; collecting pollen of male flowers to be opened, and directly dipping the flowers and pollinating by using a pencil rubber ball or a brush pen after being cut flat.

And 7: the disease and pest control is carried out on the kiwi fruits in time;

the kiwi fruit is a new fruit, has less plant diseases and insect pests, and generally does not need to be sprayed with pesticide. However, with the enlargement of production scale and the lapse of time, enough attention should be paid to the kiwi fruit pest. The Jinshan area has low altitude, strong sunlight, large humidity of plum rain season, long drought time after the plum rain, heavier diseases than other areas, mainly comprises canker, bacterial flower rot, mature rot, brown spot root rot and the like, and the main insect pests comprise chafer subclasses, scale insects, borers, noctuids, leafhoppers and the like. The comprehensive control method comprises the following steps:

agricultural control: the cultivation management is enhanced, the tree vigor is enhanced, organic fertilizers are applied more, and the partial application of nitrogen fertilizers and chemical fertilizers is prevented; in rainy seasons, the ditch is cleared and drained to prevent water accumulation, and the humidity of the orchard is reduced;

pruning in winter, removing insect and disease branches, scraping the old and warped bark of the trunk, removing dead branches, fallen leaves and rotten fruits in the field, shoveling off weeds and bringing the weeds out of an orchard for centralized burning, or deeply burying the weeds in soil when applying winter fertilizers, and spreading lime, lime sulphur mixture residues or other sterilizing insect agents when filling the roots of ditches.

And 8: and (4) harvesting the mature kiwi fruits.

Harvesting in the morning and evening has a great influence on yield, quality and storage performance. The fruits are too early to be harvested, the eating quality is poor, and the fruits are not storage-resistant; after late harvest, the fruits are over mature, easy to soften and age and deteriorate quickly, and the economic value is reduced. Considering the quality and storage performance of the kiwi fruits comprehensively, the content of soluble solids is 6.5 percent as a recoverable index, and 8-10 percent is used as an optimal harvesting period. According to experimental research, the suitable harvesting period is 8 late ten days in the Jinshan area, and if the harvesting is mainly performed, the harvesting can be delayed to 10 upper ten days in the month.

In this embodiment, the kiwi fruits planted by the planting method of the invention effectively solve the major problem that early-maturing kiwi fruits suitable for Shanghai climate are not available in the development of kiwi fruits in Shanghai regions, so that the kiwi fruit planting industry in Shanghai and surrounding regions can be healthily and stably developed, and by ensuring the high yield of kiwi fruits, the method is helpful for the sustainable and healthy development of kiwi fruit industry and the sustainable income increase of farmers, is helpful for building and leading to a kiwi fruit industry standard demonstration base, and promotes the optimization and adjustment of agricultural planting structures.

Mainly through the suitable good variety of planting precocity, like "emerald green" kiwi fruit, avoid middle and late kiwi fruit product precocity red yang to destroy the garden problem because of the canker, reduce the premature death problem that brings because of the maturity phase is too late that middle and late ripe variety brought, promote kiwi fruit industry development and promotion, make because of the kiwi fruit variety dare not develop the fruit grower of kiwi fruit industry can bold development, simultaneously through handling soil surface acidification, the effectual obstructed problem of kiwi fruit root system growth that has solved.

In the embodiment, scientific researchers build 30 mu of 'emerald green fragrance' kiwi fruit demonstration base, and the result shows that the mortality rate of kiwi fruits in the demonstration base is controlled within 8%, and 200 mu of kiwi fruits are popularized and planted.

The economic benefits brought are: through the introduction demonstration and the implementation of the popularization scheme of the novel variety of the green-scented kiwi fruit, the planting mortality of the kiwi fruit is controlled within 8 percent, the death rate of each mu is reduced by 13 plants, each plant has 20 yuan, and each mu has at least 260 yuan. The variety is early-maturing and high in quality, the selling price per jin is 8 yuan higher than that of slow fragrance and Jinkui, the yield per mu is calculated according to 1000 jin, and the income per mu can be increased by 8000 yuan.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A planting method of kiwi fruits in a non-habitability area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: selecting a garden;

step 2: soil improvement is carried out on the garden land;

step 6: managing fruits on the kiwi fruit tree;

and 7: the disease and pest control is carried out on the kiwi fruits in time;

and 8: and (4) harvesting the mature kiwi fruits.

2. The method for planting the kiwi fruit in the non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the garden is selected from soil with deep soil, loose soil, rich organic matter, good permeability and fertile soil, and has sufficient water source and good irrigation conditions.

3. The method for planting the kiwi fruit non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the soil improvement comprises planting broad beans on the planting ridges 10 months per year, pressing to geography by 6 months in the second year, pressing to the planting ridges by 6 months, pressing to the planting ridges by 10 months; the broad beans and the green beans are naturally rotten and are used for increasing the soil fertility;

4. The method for planting the non-fertile area of the kiwi fruit according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the planting comprises confirming planting time and planting method;

5. The method for planting the kiwi fruits in the non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the fertilizer and water management is that the young trees are added with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers in time while applying enough base fertilizers; dressing fertilizer once before each tip extraction, and promoting the growth of the branch tips by combining with foliar fertilizer spraying;

6. The method for planting kiwi fruit in a non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, said refurbishing comprises summer refurbishment and winter refurbishment;

7. The method for planting the kiwi fruits in the non-habitability area according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the management of the fruits on the trees comprises that under the premise of full pollination, the fruit setting rate is high, and the flowers and the fruits are properly thinned; and (3) reserving 1 fruit for every 4-5 leaves, reserving 3-4 fruits for the strong branches, reserving 2-3 fruits for the medium branches, reserving 1-2 fruits for the weak branches, and reserving about 100 fruits for each medium tree. (ii) a When the kiwi fruits meet the low-temperature rainy weather in the flowering period, the activities of the pollination insects are influenced, so that the normal pollination fertilization and fruit setting are influenced, and artificial supplementary pollination is preferably carried out in the period; collecting pollen of male flowers to be opened, and directly dipping the flowers and pollinating by using a pencil rubber ball or a brush pen after being cut flat.

8. The method for planting kiwi fruits in the non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, said pest control comprises agricultural control and chemical control;

9. The method for planting kiwi fruit in a non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein harvesting mature kiwi fruit in step 8 comprises: considering the quality and storage performance of the kiwi fruits comprehensively, the content of soluble solids is 6.5 percent as a recoverable index, and 8-10 percent is used as an optimal harvesting period.

10. The method for planting the kiwi fruits in the non-habitability area according to claim 1, wherein the kiwi fruits are green kiwi fruits.