CN109644764B - Large-field planting method for white tea seedlings - Google Patents
Large-field planting method for white tea seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644764B CN109644764B CN201910053903.9A CN201910053903A CN109644764B CN 109644764 B CN109644764 B CN 109644764B CN 201910053903 A CN201910053903 A CN 201910053903A CN 109644764 B CN109644764 B CN 109644764B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a field planting method of white tea seedlings, which can be used for planting white tea trees in North China and greatly improves the yield of white tea. Specifically, the survival rate is improved through the steps of transplanting, drought resisting and freeze preventing, hoeing, fertilizing management and the like, and the high-quality white tea trees which are wide in crown, large in coverage, good in crown framework and wide and dense in picking surface are obtained through cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tea planting, and particularly relates to a field planting method of white tea seedlings.
Background
Anji white tea is a rare variant tea, belongs to low-temperature sensitive tea and has a threshold value of about 23 ℃. The time for producing white tea by tea trees is short, and is usually about one month. Taking Zhejiang Anji as an original production place as an example, in spring, the tender shoots sprouting before the light due to chlorophyll deficiency are white, and before grain rain, the color is gradually light, and most of the tender shoots are jade white. The flower leaves gradually turn to white and green after rain and before summer. Until summer, the bud leaves return to full green, which is the same as that of common green tea. Just because the Anji white tea is picked, processed and manufactured in a specific whitening period, the tea leaves are brewed, and the leaf bottoms of the Anji white tea also show jade white, which is the characteristic of the Anji white tea.
At present, white tea is mainly suitable for climatic conditions in south, such as Zhejiang, Guangxi and the like, and the problems of low survival rate of tea seedlings, difficulty in field planting and the like exist when white tea is planted in northern areas, so that the yield of the white tea is greatly limited, and the increasing demand of the white tea cannot be met, so that the development of a method which has high survival rate and is suitable for planting the white tea in China and North China is urgently needed to improve the yield of the white tea.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a field planting method for white tea seedlings to solve the above problems.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a field planting method of white tea seedlings is used for planting white tea trees in North China and comprises the following steps:
transplanting, ditching by a row marking line, applying base fertilizer in the ditches, fully mixing and filling a layer of surface soil, and then transplanting annual white tea seedlings; wherein the depth of the groove is 60-70 cm, and the width is 60-70 cm; wherein the transplanted annual white tea seedlings are subjected to cold-resistant exercise;
drought resistance and freeze prevention after transplanting, the white tea seedlings are covered with a black shading net with the transmittance of 45 percent to prevent strong light irradiation, drought resistance is carried out in an irrigation seedling protection or reasonable intercropping mode, root sealing and hilling are carried out in winter, grass paving is carried out, freezing resistance is carried out in a mode of building a wind shelter at a wind port, the height of the root sealing and hilling is 1/3-1/2 of the height of the white tea seedlings, the sealing soil is raked open in spring, and organic fertilizer is applied;
within the first 3 years after the white tea seedlings are transplanted by ploughing, ploughing and hoeing at 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 months each year, carrying out shallow ploughing at 3-5 cm in an area less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and carrying out shallow ploughing at 6-10 cm in other areas; ploughing and hoeing 3-5 years after the white tea seedlings are transplanted in autumn every year, carrying out shallow ploughing 5-6 cm in an area which is less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and carrying out deep ploughing 15-20 cm in other areas;
fertilizing management is performed on the white tea seedlings after transplantation in 10-11 months each year, after transplantation, top dressing is respectively applied to the white tea seedlings 1-2 years later than 2 months, 3 months and 6 months, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top dressing is 1 (1-2): 1-2, and 30-45 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hectare; respectively applying additional fertilizers for 3-4 years of the white tea seedlings in the last 2 months to the first 3 months of each year, the last 5 months to the last 6 months of each year and the middle 7 months of each year, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the additional fertilizers is 2:1:1 or 4:3:3, and 45-90 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizers are applied to hectare; wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer;
and (3) carrying out crown cultivation by adopting a three-time shaping and trimming method, and cultivating the transplanted white tea seedlings into white tea trees with the height of less than 65-70 cm and the crown width of 100-120 cm.
Based on the above, the transplanting time of the white tea seedlings is in the afterrainy cloudy days from autumn to frost or from 2 late to 3 early days of the month; the white tea seedlings are planted in a hole digging double-row staggered mode, 2-3 white tea seedlings are fixedly planted in each hole, the large row spacing of staggered planting is 38-42 cm, and the small row spacing is 30-35 cm.
Based on the above, the transplanting step further comprises: the white tea seedlings are placed in the holes vertically, each plant is slightly separated, the root system is kept in a stretched state, surface soil is filled into the holes, the seedlings are stabilized vertically, soil is filled continuously, when the soil is filled to a half, the soil at the roots of the white tea seedlings is compacted to enable the roots of the white tea seedlings to be in close contact with the soil, then the soil is filled continuously until the roots and the necks of the white tea seedlings are filled, then the soil is slightly pressed, the white tea seedlings are transplanted and are watered sufficiently at one time, and after the water is watered and infiltrated, the roots and the necks of the white tea seedlings are sealed by fine soil; and (5) watering for 2-3 times every 7-10 days to ensure the seedlings.
Based on the above, in the transplanting step, the white tea seedlings are grown to 20-30 cm above the ground in the tea seedling nursery, and before seedling transplanting, the white tea seedlings are trimmed 15-20 cm away from the ground.
The field planting method based on the white tea seedlings further comprises the step of final singling and full singling, and the step of final singling and full singling comprises the following steps: and (3) the transplanted white tea seedlings grow in the same year, and are subjected to additional planting in the 2 nd lower month to the 3 rd last ten days of the 2 nd year, wherein the additional planting method and the additional planting tea seedlings are the same as the transplanting steps.
Based on the above, the method for three times of shaping and trimming comprises the following steps: after transplanting, when the white tea seedlings grow to have stems of one-foot age or two-foot age, the stems are larger than 0.3 cm in thickness, the heights are 25-30 cm and 1-2 branches, carrying out first shaping pruning, pruning main branches at positions 10-15 cm away from the ground, cutting no side branches, cutting the height of the tea trees to be less than or equal to 20cm after the first shaping pruning, forming 3-15 branches, and enabling the crown width to be more than or equal to 30 cm; carrying out second shaping and pruning next year after the first shaping and pruning, and cutting at a position 25-30 cm above the ground, wherein the height of the tea tree is less than or equal to 40 cm after the second shaping and pruning, and the crown width is 25-30 cm; and (4) carrying out third shaping and pruning the second shaping and pruning year after the second shaping and pruning, wherein the height of the tea tree is 60-70 cm, and the tea tree is cut at a position 35-45 cm away from the ground.
In the third sizing pruning, based on the above; the method is carried out by pruning the plant by plant and by branch, and the part with the lateral bud outside is selected for shearing.
Based on the above, in the step of fertilizing management, both the base fertilizer and the top application fertilizer are applied by ditching or hole digging, soil is covered immediately after the application, the white tea seedlings are ditched or hole digging 10-15 cm away from the root necks 1-2 years after the transplantation, the white tea seedlings are ditched or hole digging 20-30 cm away from the root necks 3-4 years after the transplantation, the base fertilizer ditching or hole digging depth is 20-30 cm, and the top application ditching or hole digging depth is 8-14 cm.
Based on the above, in the three shaping and trimming steps, after each trimming, insecticide is sprayed, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in furrowing mode according to the using amount of 15-20 kg/mu.
The field planting method based on the white tea seedlings further comprises the step of merging and replanting through a merging and replenishing method or a tea seedling replenishing and shortage method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress. The method comprises the steps of transplanting, drought resisting and freeze preventing, hoeing, fertilization management, crown cultivation and the like, wherein annual white tea seedlings used in the transplanting process are subjected to cold resisting exercise, and are subjected to drought resisting and freeze preventing treatment after being transplanted to prevent the white tea seedlings from being died due to drought and being died due to freezing in severe winter when the white tea seedlings are dry and high in temperature in the north, so that the white tea trees are planted in north China and China, and the survival rate of the white tea trees is improved from 40-50% to 70-90%; in addition, the white tea tree planted by the method has wide crowns, high coverage, good crown skeleton and wide and dense picking surface, is a high-quality white tea tree, and greatly improves the yield of the white tea.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
The embodiment provides a field planting method of white tea seedlings, wherein the white tea is planted in Guangshan county of Xinyang city, Henan province, the survival rate can reach 90%, and the method comprises the following steps:
1. transplanting
Ditching by marking a line, applying base fertilizer in the ditch, fully mixing and filling a layer of surface soil until the surface soil is 20cm away from the ground, and then transplanting annual white tea seedlings; wherein the depth of the groove is 60-70 cm, and the width is 60-70 cm; the preferable white tea seedlings are tea seedlings cultivated in a nursery garden for 1 year, the growth height is 20-30 cm, the seedlings are easy to lift, roots are not easy to damage, and the white tea seedlings are easy to survive after cultivation; in addition, the seedlings are trimmed at 15-20 places above the ground before lifting, so that water evaporation can be reduced, and the seedlings are convenient to plant and easy to survive. The white tea seedlings are dug up and preferably have soil, and if the white tea seedlings do not have soil, the root systems of the white tea seedlings can be stained with thin yellow mud; in the aspect of transplanting time, preferably, transplanting is performed in autumn or early spring, and in autumn between autumn and frost fall, the overground part is relatively stopped in the period, the root system grows in a positive vigorous period, the root system recovers to grow quickly after transplanting, and the survival rate is high; the early spring transplantation is generally performed in 2-3 months, and a relatively long period of cloudy rain is preferably performed in the morning and at night in a cloudy day after rain; in the aspect of planting, the artificial line-pulling hole-digging double-row staggered planting, namely triangular planting, is preferred, the large row spacing is 40 cm, and the small row spacing (hole spacing) is 33 cm.
2-3 strong seedlings are fixedly planted in each hole, 2-3 tea seedlings are taken by one hand and are vertically placed in the hole (or ditch), each seedling is slightly separated, the root system needs to be kept in a stretched state, the surface soil is filled into the hole by the other hand, the seedlings are stably erected and continuously filled with soil, when the soil is filled to a half, the soil at the root is tightly pressed by hands, the root is tightly contacted with the soil, and then the soil is continuously filled; filling the tea seedlings to the root necks of the white tea seedlings, and then slightly treading the soil tightly by feet. After planting the white tea seedlings, watering enough water at one time, preferably, adding a rooting agent into the water; after the watered water seeps downwards, the tea seedlings are sealed to the root necks of the tea seedlings by fine soil to prevent the water in the soil from evaporating; and simultaneously, water is added for 2-3 times every 7-10 days according to the weather condition so as to ensure the seedlings. In addition, the root neck of the planted white tea seedling is level to the ground. If the depth is too deep, adventitious roots are frequently generated, and the overground part is not easy to extend upwards; over-shallow roots and neck are exposed on the ground, and absorption roots are affected and easily wither.
Wherein, the white tea seedling transplanted in the step is subjected to cold-resistant exercise, and the specific method comprises the following steps: beginning in the last 6 th or last 7 th month, carrying out balanced growth for 15 d under the conditions of temperature of 15-16 ℃, light intensity of 1.3 klux and illumination of 8 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature rising to 25-26 ℃, light intensity of 2.4 klux and illumination of 9 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 21 d under the conditions of temperature rising to 35-36 ℃, light intensity of 5 klux and illumination of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature reaching 31-32 ℃, light intensity of 5 klux and illumination of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 15 d under the conditions of temperature falling to 14-15 ℃, light intensity of 1.4 klux, illumination of 8 h/d, carrying out acclimation for 21 d under the conditions of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature falling to 4-5 ℃, light intensity of 1.3 klux and illumination of 7 h/d, then the temperature is reduced to-5 to-4 ℃, the light intensity is 1.3 klux, and the domestication is carried out for 30 days under the condition of illumination for 7 h/d, and then the temperature is reduced to-10 to-9 ℃, the light intensity is 0.7 klux, and the domestication is carried out for 10 days under the condition of illumination for 7 h/d. After the cold-resistant exercise, the cold-resistant capability of the white tea seedlings is obviously improved, and the death rate in winter and spring is reduced.
2. Full seedling of final singling
The transplanted white tea seedlings are required to be complete, after transplanting and field planting, the white tea seedlings grow in summer and autumn in the same year, and when the temperature is stable between 2 nd ten days and 3 rd ten days of the 2 nd year, filling-up work is required to be done to ensure the density of tea clumps in unit area, the tea seedlings of the same tree age and the same variety are used for filling-up, so that the tea clumps grow in the same way, and the filling-up method and the transplanting method are the same.
3. Drought-resistant and freeze-proof
In order to adapt to northern climate, drought resistance and freeze resistance are required, specifically, a black shading net with the transmittance of 45 percent is covered above the transplanted white tea seedlings to prevent the white tea seedlings from being dead by sunlight; the method comprises the following steps of (1) paving grass on the ground between the branches of a tree for shading or tea garden rows for water and drought preservation, and usually adopting an irrigation seedling preservation mode for drought resistance; sealing roots and hilling, paving grass, and building a wind shielding shed at a wind port to prevent freezing in winter, wherein the height of the sealing roots and hilling is 1/3-1/2 of the height of the white tea seedlings, so that the white tea seedlings keep warm, the sealing soil is raked off in spring, and organic fertilizer is applied to improve the ground temperature and enhance the cold resistance; the grass is spread among the rows of the white tea garden, so that the effects of sun protection in summer and freezing prevention in winter are achieved, the weed growth can be prevented, and meanwhile, the grass can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrition for the growth of white tea seedlings; in addition, drought prevention and seedling protection can be performed through reasonable intercropping, short-stalk legumes such as peanuts, soybeans, broad beans and alfalfa are preferably selected, the planting density is moderate, the planting distance is 30cm away from the two sides of the white tea seedlings, the short-stalk legumes generally have nitrogen fixation capacity, so that the short-stalk legumes can be used for drought prevention and seedling protection, soil nutrition loss can be prevented, growth of the white tea seedlings is promoted, and in addition, branches and leaves of the short-stalk legumes can be directly paved on the bottom surface of tea garden row spaces after the short-stalk legumes are mature, and the short-stalk legumes can resist cold in winter or can be used as fertilizers.
4. Ploughing hoe
The young tea garden is suitable for shallow ploughing and is not suitable for deep ploughing, water and soil loss or root damage is avoided, ploughing and hoeing are carried out once every 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 months every year within 3 years before the white tea seedlings are transplanted, shallow ploughing is carried out in a region which is less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and shallow ploughing is carried out in other regions for 6-10 cm, with the purposes of loosening soil and removing weeds; ploughing and hoeing in autumn every year between 3 and 5 years after transplanting, carrying out shallow ploughing of 5 to 6 cm in an area which is less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and carrying out deep ploughing of 15 to 20cm in other areas; preferably, the weeds in the 15cm range around the white tea seedlings are pulled out by pressing the soil around the seedlings with one hand and slightly pulling the weeds with the other hand, so that the white tea seedlings are prevented from being damaged.
5. Fertilization management
Applying base fertilizer to the transplanted white tea seedlings 10-11 months per year, respectively applying additional fertilizer to the white tea seedlings 1-2 years after transplantation in late 2-3-first ten days of month and late 5-6-first ten days of month, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements and potassium elements in the additional fertilizer is 1 (1-2) to (1-2), and 30-45 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hectare; after transplanting, respectively applying additional fertilizer to 3-4 years (3-4 years old young white tea trees) of the white tea seedlings in the middle 3 months to 3 months later every year, 5 months later to 6 months earlier and 7 months earlier to 7 months later every year, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements and potassium elements in the additional fertilizer is 2:1:1 or 4:3:3, and 45-90 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hectare; the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, preferably, the organic fertilizer is stable manure, compost or cake fertilizer, and in terms of usage amount, 15000-22500 kg of stable manure and compost or 1500-2250 kg of cake fertilizer are applied to each hectare every year, 225-375 kg of calcium superphosphate and 150-225 kg of potassium sulfate are applied; the time and the proportion of applying the additional fertilizer to the white tea saplings of 4-5 years are the same as those of the white tea saplings of 3-4 years, 60-135 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied per hectare, and the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied according to the three element proportions. Preferably, the base fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer are applied by ditching or digging holes, and soil is covered immediately after the application, so that the soil is not too close to the root to avoid digging and damaging the root system. The tea seedlings grow for 1-2 years, the distance from the tea seedlings to the root necks is 10-15 cm, and the distance from the tea trees growing for 3-4 years to the root necks is 20-30 cm; the tea tree growing for more than 4 years already forms a crown preliminarily, and can be applied in a furrow at the vertical position of the outer edge of the crown. The fertilization depth is controlled, the organic fertilizer is large in size and slow to decompose, deep ditches are dug, generally 20-30 cm deep, and top dressing is conducted, generally 10 cm deep ditches are dug. Pure nitrogen fertilizers contain only element N of element N, P, K and no element P, K, such as ammonium nitrate or pure nitrogen fertilizers.
6. Merging and replanting
Due to various reasons, the survival rate of white tea seedlings cannot reach one hundred percent, partial tea trees in the tea garden are sparse, lack of clumps is more, and are scattered sporadically, so that the garden phase is influenced, the difficulty in managing the tea garden with weeds growing in clumps is increased, the investment cost is high, and the low yield of tea is caused. Therefore, in order to improve the planting density of the tea garden, the high yield of the tea garden needs to be merged and replanted by changing the population structure.
The merging and replanting comprises merging and replanting and tea seedling replanting. The merging and defect-filling is to dig a part of tea trees in the same tea garden to transplant and merge, and also can dig tea trees in other gardens with the same variety and the same growth vigor, wherein the tea trees are scattered into connected tea leaves, the tea trees are clustered into strip planting, and the tea trees are small blocks and large blocks. The key technology is as follows: the table is mown, earthed, tied and watered.
7. Crown cultivation
Carrying out crown cultivation by adopting a three-time shaping and trimming method, cultivating the transplanted white tea seedlings into white tea trees with the height of less than 65-70 cm and the crown width of 100-120 cm, and greatly improving the yield of the tea trees; specifically, after transplanting, the white tea seedlings grow to the stem diameter of more than 0.3 cm at one-foot age or two-foot age, the height is 25-30 cm, 1-2 branches are formed, main branches are cut off at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground, side branches are not cut, the height of the tea trees is less than or equal to 20cm after the first forming and trimming, 3-15 branches are formed, and the crown width is more than or equal to 30 cm; carrying out second shaping and pruning next year after the first shaping and pruning, and cutting at a position 25-30 cm above the ground, wherein the height of the tea tree is less than or equal to 40 cm after the second shaping and pruning, and the crown width is 25-30 cm; and carrying out third shaping and pruning one year after the second shaping and pruning, wherein the height of the tea tree is 60-70 cm, and the tea tree is cut at the position 35-45 cm away from the ground. Preferably, the pruning is carried out one plant by one plant and one branch by one branch, and the part with the lateral bud outwards is selected for shearing. In addition, in the three shaping and pruning steps, after each pruning, insecticide is sprayed, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are ditched and applied according to the using amount of 15-20 kg/mu, wherein the specific nitrogen fertilizers can be urea, and the insecticide is Bt preparation. The Bt preparation and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can adopt the conventional commercial Bt preparation and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
8. Picking
And (3) a tea picking mode for assisting shaping and pruning of young tea trees after the young tea trees reach 3-4 years, picking one bud with two (three) leaves when the growth of each new shoot is about to end and the new shoots spread 5-6 leaves, and leaving three or four big leaves at the base part. The main points of topping and picking are 'picking high and low, picking top and leaving side', which aims to promote branching and cultivate tree crowns.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A field planting method of white tea seedlings is used for planting white tea trees in North China and comprises the following steps:
transplanting, dividing a line and ditching, applying base fertilizer in the ditch, fully mixing and filling a layer of surface soil, then transplanting annual white tea seedlings, carrying out over-cold-resistant exercise on the white tea seedlings in the cultivation process, wherein the white tea seedlings are tea seedlings which grow to 20-30 cm above the ground in a tea seedling nursery, and trimming the white tea seedlings at a position 15-20 cm away from the ground before seedling lifting and transplanting; wherein the depth of the groove is 60-70 cm, and the width is 60-70 cm; transplanting the white tea seedlings in autumn-frost or 2-3 months in the cloudy days after rain; the white tea seedlings are planted in a hole digging double-row staggered mode, 2-3 white tea seedlings are fixedly planted in each hole, the large row spacing of the staggered planting is 38-42 cm, and the small row spacing is 30-35 cm;
the white tea seedlings are subjected to cold-resistant exercise, and the specific method comprises the following steps: beginning in the last 6 th or last 7 th month, carrying out balanced growth for 15 d under the conditions of temperature of 15-16 ℃, light intensity of 1.3 klux and illumination of 8 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature rising to 25-26 ℃, light intensity of 2.4 klux and illumination of 9 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 21 d under the conditions of temperature rising to 35-36 ℃, light intensity of 5 klux and illumination of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature reaching 31-32 ℃, light intensity of 5 klux and illumination of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 15 d under the conditions of temperature falling to 14-15 ℃, light intensity of 1.4 klux, illumination of 8 h/d, carrying out acclimation for 21 d under the conditions of 12 h/d, then carrying out acclimation for 10 d under the conditions of temperature falling to 4-5 ℃, light intensity of 1.3 klux and illumination of 7 h/d, then, the temperature is reduced to-5 to-4 ℃, the light intensity is 1.3 klux, and the domestication is carried out for 30 days under the condition of illumination for 7 h/d, and then the temperature is reduced to-10 to-9 ℃, the light intensity is 0.7 klux, and the domestication is carried out for 10 days under the condition of illumination for 7 h/d;
drought resistance and freeze prevention after transplanting, covering the white tea seedlings with a black shading net with the transmittance of 45% to prevent strong light irradiation, adopting an irrigation seedling protection or reasonable intercropping mode to resist drought, carrying out root sealing and hilling, grass paving and wind shielding shed building at a wind port to resist freeze, wherein the height of the root sealing and hilling is 1/3-1/2 of the height of the white tea seedlings, and raking off the sealing soil in spring; the reasonable intercropping mode is that short-stalk leguminous crops and the white tea seedlings are intercropped, the planting density is moderate, and the planting distance is more than 30cm from the two sides of the white tea seedlings;
within the first 3 years after the white tea seedlings are transplanted by ploughing, ploughing and hoeing at 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 months each year, carrying out shallow ploughing at 3-5 cm in an area less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and carrying out shallow ploughing at 6-10 cm in other areas; ploughing and hoeing 3-5 years after the white tea seedlings are transplanted in autumn every year, carrying out shallow ploughing 5-6 cm in an area which is less than 15cm away from the white tea seedlings, and carrying out deep ploughing 15-20 cm in other areas;
fertilizing management is performed on the white tea seedlings after transplantation in 10-11 months each year, after transplantation, top dressing is respectively applied to the white tea seedlings 1-2 years later than 2 months, 3 months and 6 months, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top dressing is 1 (1-2): 1-2, and 30-45 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each hectare; respectively applying additional fertilizers for 3-4 years of the white tea seedlings in the last 2 months to the first 3 months of each year, the last 5 months to the last 6 months of each year and the middle 7 months of each year, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the additional fertilizers is 2:1:1 or 4:3:3, and 45-90 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizers are applied to hectare; wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer;
and (3) carrying out crown cultivation by adopting a three-time shaping and trimming method, and cultivating the transplanted white tea seedlings into white tea trees with the height of less than 65-70 cm and the crown width of 100-120 cm.
2. The field planting method of white tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting step further comprises: the white tea seedlings are placed in the holes vertically, each plant is slightly separated, the root system keeps a stretched state, surface soil is filled in the holes, the seedlings are stable vertically, soil is filled continuously, when the soil is filled to a half, the soil at the roots of the white tea seedlings is compressed to enable the roots of the white tea seedlings to be in close contact with the soil, then the soil is filled continuously until the roots and the necks of the white tea seedlings are filled, then the soil is tightly pressed lightly, the white tea seedlings are watered sufficiently once after being transplanted, after the water is watered and infiltrated, the roots and the necks of the white tea seedlings are sealed by fine soil, and the water is replenished and watered for 2-3 times every 7-10 days to ensure the seedlings.
3. The field planting method of white tea shoots according to claim 2, further comprising a step of singling a whole shoot, said step of singling a whole shoot comprising: and (4) growing the transplanted white tea seedlings in the current year, and performing additional planting 2-3 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the additional planting method and the additional planting tea seedlings are the same as the transplanting steps.
4. The field planting method of white tea seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the three-time shaping and pruning method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, when the white tea seedlings grow to have stems of one-foot age or two-foot age, the stems are larger than 0.3 cm in thickness, the heights are 25-30 cm and 1-2 branches, carrying out first shaping pruning, pruning main branches at positions 10-15 cm away from the ground, cutting no side branches, cutting the height of the tea trees to be less than or equal to 20cm after the first shaping pruning, forming 3-15 branches, and enabling the crown width to be more than or equal to 30 cm; carrying out second shaping and pruning next year after the first shaping and pruning, and cutting at a position 25-30 cm above the ground, wherein the height of the tea tree is less than or equal to 40 cm after the second shaping and pruning, and the crown width is 25-30 cm; and (4) carrying out third shaping and pruning the second shaping and pruning year after the second shaping and pruning, wherein the height of the tea tree is 60-70 cm, and the tea tree is cut at a position 35-45 cm away from the ground.
5. The field planting method of white tea seedlings according to claim 3, wherein in the three set pruning; the method is carried out by pruning the plant by plant and by branch, and the part with the lateral bud outside is selected for shearing.
6. The field planting method of the white tea seedlings according to claim 5, wherein in the fertilizing management step, the base fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer are applied by ditching or digging holes, soil is covered immediately after the fertilizing, ditching or digging holes 10-15 cm away from the root necks in the 2 nd year of the white tea seedlings after transplanting are carried out, ditching or digging holes 20-30 cm away from the root necks in the 3-4 years of the white tea seedlings after transplanting, the base fertilizer ditching or digging holes depth is 20-30 cm, and the top dressing ditching or digging holes depth is 8-14 cm.
7. The field planting method of white tea seedlings according to claim 5, wherein in the step of three times of shaping and pruning, insecticide is sprayed after each pruning, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are additionally applied in ditches according to the use amount of 15-20 kg/mu.
8. The field planting method of white tea seedlings according to claim 5, further comprising a step of performing merger and restoration by a method of merger and restoration or tea seedling restoration.
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| CN115250824A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-01 | 南平市建阳区叶施甘霖茶业有限公司 | Planting method for interplanting small white tea in chinquapin mountain |
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