CN110819015A - 一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1、制备改性氯化丁基胶；S2、制备改性天然橡胶；S3、取步骤S1中改性氯化丁基橡胶、步骤S2中改性天然橡胶和按重量份计的改性杜仲胶5～10份，N220炭黑30份、N550炭黑40份、氧化镁1份、氧化锌2.5份、硬脂酸2份、蓖麻油1.5份、防老剂1份和氯化亚锡2份，放入开炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度90℃～95℃，时间20～30min，混炼结束之后压片，得到混炼胶片；S4、注射硫化得到轮胎硫化胶囊。本发明采用改性杜仲胶替代部分天然橡胶，降低了天然橡胶用量，同时使轮胎硫化胶囊具备良好的机械性能及耐老化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及轮胎硫化胶囊技术领域，具体为一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法。
背景技术
轮胎硫化胶囊，是轮胎硫化机的中空薄壁橡胶制品，用于装入待硫化的胎坯内腔再通入加热介质，配合硫化机进行定型和硫化作业。轮胎硫化胶囊要经受一些苛刻的作业条件，包括高温、大幅度屈挠、共硫化以及硫化剂从未硫化的胎坯中迁移。硫化胶囊的使用寿命对轮胎厂生产效率有很大影响，轮胎硫化胶囊其作用主要是在轮胎硫化过程中内部充压缩气、充氮气或充过热水等，使其伸张，撑起轮胎胶胚形成内压硫化轮胎。
目前，制备轮胎硫化胶囊的主要材料是天然橡胶，但是天然橡胶制备的轮胎硫化胶囊耐老化性能较差，使用寿命短。
同时，我国天然橡胶主要依赖进口，长期以来，高度依赖进口和胶价不断上涨的局面已经严重影响和制约了我国橡胶工业安全发展，开拓橡胶新资源、解决我国天然橡胶资源匮乏的历史重任已迫在眼前。而杜仲是我国特有的植物，世界95％以上的杜仲资源都在中国。同时杜仲也是世界上适应范围最广、发展潜力最大的优质胶源树种。杜仲的果、叶、皮、根中均含有丰富的杜仲胶。杜仲胶性能优异可用作橡胶高弹性材料、低温可塑性材料及热弹性材料，广泛应用于橡胶工业、航空航天、国防、船舶、化工、医疗、体育等国民经济各领域，产业覆盖面极广。
杜仲胶是产自杜仲树的天然高分子材料，与三叶橡胶(天然胶)是同分异构体，其结构为反式聚异戊二烯，规整性更强，易结晶，所以绝缘性优异。用杜仲胶改性的橡胶组合物，具有耐磨、抗撕裂、耐腐蚀、防湿滑、滚动阻力小、节能等优点，能够部分替代天然胶，还是高质量轮胎的良好材料，由于其优异的耐磨性和抗撕裂强度，杜仲胶与聚丁二烯橡胶等合成橡胶共混制成综合性能优异的轮胎用集成材料用于制备高性能轮胎。但是由于杜仲胶易结晶，因此室温下呈硬质塑料态，不利于加工和使用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、改性氯化丁基胶的制备：按重量份计，取丁基橡胶55份、含氯活性炭5份、纳米氧化钛1份、氯乙烯5份和纳米氧化锡0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度140℃～150℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性氯化丁基橡胶；
S2、改性天然橡胶的制备：按重量份计，取天然橡胶30份、顺丁橡胶10份、硅橡胶1份、氯丁橡胶1份、硫磺2份、交联剂1份、有机蒙脱土1份、纳米氧化铝0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度85℃～105℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性天然橡胶；
S3、取步骤S1中改性氯化丁基橡胶、步骤S2中改性天然橡胶和按重量份计的改性杜仲胶5～10份，N220炭黑30份、N550炭黑40份、氧化镁1份、氧化锌2.5份、硬脂酸2份、蓖麻油1.5份、防老剂1份和氯化亚锡2份，放入开炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度90℃～95℃，时间20～30min，混炼结束之后压片，得到混炼胶片；
S4、注射硫化工艺：将S3得到的胶片放入注射硫化机中，螺杆的温度控制在75～85℃，压力控制在10～20MPa；注射硫化温度为175～205℃，硫化时间20～45min；硫化结束之后，注射硫化机将轮胎胶囊顶出模腔，即制备得到轮胎硫化胶囊。
优选的，步骤S1中所述含氯活性炭含氯量为2.0～3.5mg·mol/g。
优选的，步骤S3中所述防老剂为4010NA。
优选的，步骤S3中所述改性杜仲胶为环氧化杜仲胶弹性体，环氧化杜仲胶弹性体的环氧度为20％。
优选的，步骤S3中所述改性杜仲胶为氢化杜仲胶，氢化杜仲胶的加氢度为20％。
本发明同现有技术相比，具有如下优点：
1.对丁基胶进行改性，提高了轮胎硫化胶囊的硬度、强度等机械性能；
2.对天然橡胶进行改性，提高了轮胎硫化胶囊的耐老化性能；
3.加入适量改性杜仲胶，减少天然橡使用量，进一步提高轮胎硫化胶囊的机械性能及耐老化性。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、改性氯化丁基胶的制备：按重量份计，取丁基橡胶55份、含氯活性炭(含氯量为2.0～3.5mg·mol/g)5份、纳米氧化钛1份、氯乙烯5份和纳米氧化锡0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度140℃～150℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性氯化丁基橡胶；
S2、改性天然橡胶的制备：按重量份计，取天然橡胶30份、顺丁橡胶10份、硅橡胶1份、氯丁橡胶1份、硫磺2份、交联剂1份、有机蒙脱土1份、纳米氧化铝0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度85℃～105℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性天然橡胶；
S3、取步骤S1中改性氯化丁基橡胶、步骤S2中改性天然橡胶和按重量份计的环氧化杜仲胶弹性体(环氧度为20％)5份，N220炭黑30份、N550炭黑40份、氧化镁1份、氧化锌2.5份、硬脂酸2份、蓖麻油1.5份、防老剂4010NA1份和氯化亚锡2份，放入开炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度90℃～95℃，时间20～30min，混炼结束之后压片，得到混炼胶片；
S4、注射硫化工艺：将S3得到的胶片放入注射硫化机中，螺杆的温度控制在75～85℃，压力控制在10～20MPa；注射硫化温度为175～205℃，硫化时间20～45min；硫化结束之后，注射硫化机将轮胎胶囊顶出模腔，即制备得到轮胎硫化胶囊。
实施例2：
将实施例1中的环氧化杜仲胶弹性体(环氧度为20％)的使用量改为10份，其余配方与工艺条件与实施例1相同。
实施例3：
将实施例1中的环氧化杜仲胶弹性体(环氧度为20％)替换为氢化杜仲胶(加氢度为20％)，使用量改为5份，其余配方与工艺条件与实施例1相同。
实施例4：
将实施例4中的氢化杜仲胶(加氢度为20％)，使用量改为10份，其余配方与工艺条件与实施例4相同。
性能测试：
对上述实施例1-4得到的轮胎硫化胶囊与对照例1及对照例2的轮胎硫化胶囊进行机械性能测试，所述对照例1为实施例1-4的配方中去掉改性杜仲胶获得的轮胎硫化胶囊；对照例2为常规硫化胶囊样品。
表1实施例和对照例轮胎硫化胶囊机械性能测试数据
由上表可知，对丁基胶和天然橡胶同时进行改性，得到的轮胎硫化胶囊各项性能均优于常规轮胎硫化胶囊；在混炼时加入改性杜仲胶，可以进一步提高轮胎硫化胶囊的硬度、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和300％定伸应力，但是随着改性杜仲胶用量的增加，其扯断伸长率略有下降。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、改性氯化丁基胶的制备：按重量份计，取丁基橡胶55份、含氯活性炭5份、纳米氧化钛1份、氯乙烯5份和纳米氧化锡0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度140℃～150℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性氯化丁基橡胶；
S2、改性天然橡胶的制备：按重量份计，取天然橡胶30份、顺丁橡胶10份、硅橡胶1份、氯丁橡胶1份、硫磺2份、交联剂1份、有机蒙脱土1份、纳米氧化铝0.5份放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼温度85℃～105℃，密炼时间20～30min，得到改性天然橡胶；
S3、取步骤S1中改性氯化丁基橡胶、步骤S2中改性天然橡胶和按重量份计的改性杜仲胶5～10份，N220炭黑30份、N550炭黑40份、氧化镁1份、氧化锌2.5份、硬脂酸2份、蓖麻油1.5份、防老剂1份和氯化亚锡2份，放入开炼机中进行混炼，混炼温度90℃～95℃，时间20～30min，混炼结束之后压片，得到混炼胶片；
S4、注射硫化工艺：将S3得到的胶片放入注射硫化机中，螺杆的温度控制在75～85℃，压力控制在10～20MPa；注射硫化温度为175～205℃，硫化时间20～45min；硫化结束之后，注射硫化机将轮胎胶囊顶出模腔，即制备得到轮胎硫化胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中所述含氯活性炭含氯量为2.0～3.5mg·mol/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述防老剂为4010NA。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述改性杜仲胶为环氧化杜仲胶弹性体，环氧化杜仲胶弹性体的环氧度为20％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含改性杜仲胶的轮胎硫化胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述改性杜仲胶为氢化杜仲胶，氢化杜仲胶的加氢度为20％。
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