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CN110690778A - 用于电动马达的定子、电动马达和包括其的压缩机 - Google Patents

用于电动马达的定子、电动马达和包括其的压缩机 Download PDF

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CN110690778A
CN110690778A CN201910606243.2A CN201910606243A CN110690778A CN 110690778 A CN110690778 A CN 110690778A CN 201910606243 A CN201910606243 A CN 201910606243A CN 110690778 A CN110690778 A CN 110690778A
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stator
electric motor
compressor
insulator
ammonia
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伯努瓦·珀蒂加尔
尼古拉·唐吉
安妮·希门尼斯
若埃尔·拉苏迪埃
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Lillesenma Electric Machinery Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/30Windings characterised by the insulating material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/427Polyethers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/46Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16Stator cores with slots for windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0018Applying slot closure means in the core; Manufacture of slot closure means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/12Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/02Windings characterised by the conductor material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/32Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动马达的定子、电动马达及包括其的压缩机,该定子包括电线的至少一个绕组,电线由覆盖有厚度在30μm与100μm之间的绝缘体的主要由铝构成的电导体制成,该绝缘体包括选自聚芳醚酮(PAEK)之中的至少一种聚合物。

Description

用于电动马达的定子、电动马达和包括其的压缩机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动马达的定子,并且更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于下述马达的定子:该马达用于以氨作为制冷剂操作的压缩机。本发明还涉及一种包括该定子的电动马达和包括该电动马达的压缩机。
背景技术
由于氟利昂气体是强大的温室气体并且破坏臭氧层,因而氟利昂气体对于环境是有害的。
为了减小对环境的这些负面影响,大量使用氟利昂气体的制冷工业正在寻求用“清洁”气体比如氨来替代氟利昂气体。
许多已知的设备现在使用氨作为传热流体。然而,在这些设备中,气体从不流动通过旋转机器的定子/转子的空气间隙。在这种类型的设备中驱动用于压缩气体的元件并且被称为开放式压缩机的马达位于压缩机的外部。
本发明的目的在于将定子/转子组件引入压缩机中。也被称为半密封单元或密封单元的该组件比使用开放式压缩机的设备更紧凑。此外,在某些条件下,这些设备可能正好与使用氟利昂气体的那些设备一样有效。
此外,旋转机器的性能尤其取决于卷绕其的电导体。通常,由于铜的良好的导电性能和导热性能而使用铜。
申请JP2004031253描述了一种可以在氨中使用的漆包线。该漆包线基于铝导体和使用用于常规包漆的现有方法施加的PPS绝缘体制造。
申请CN103138451公开了一种具有PPS覆盖的铝导线的耐氨马达。
专利US8006514公开了一种覆盖有含氟树脂的导体,该导体优选地由铝制成。
专利US7082786描述了一种配装有以氨操作的涡旋式压缩机的制冷系统。驱动该压缩机的马达的绕组是覆盖有含氟树脂的铝导体。
申请CN205406121公开了一种铜/铝/铜包铝多层导体,该铜/铝/铜包铝多层导体通过第一聚酯酰亚胺连接层、通过第二聚酰胺-酰亚胺层并通过第三聚四氟乙烯层而被绝缘。
申请DE102013017147A1提出了使用氨作为传热流体的用于密封应用的螺杆式压缩机的制造。与基于使用铝线的设计的现有技术不同,该压缩机的定子卷绕有铜导线。用于铜的绝缘部占据几百微米,这限制了槽填充系数并且因此限制了设备的性能。
关于在氨中操作的半密封压缩机的困难在于找到与氨的存在相容并且在压缩机的整个使用寿命期间保持与氨的存在相容的部件、特别是用于绕组的导电线。
在不暴露于氨的旋转机器中使用的“标准”部件在氨中非常快速地劣化,从而导致定子中的绝缘故障和压缩机停止。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于进一步改进用于意在在暴露于氨的同时操作的马达的电动定子,尤其是从电性能和使用寿命的长度的角度进一步改进。
本发明借助于用于电动马达的定子来实现该目的,该定子包括电线的至少一个绕组,电线由覆盖有厚度在30μm与100μm之间的绝缘体的主要由铝构成的电导体制成,该绝缘体包括选自聚芳醚酮(PAEK)之中的至少一种聚合物。
测试已经表明这样的定子在提供良好的槽填充系数的同时呈现出卓越的耐氨性,因此呈现出高的电性能。这与大量使用绝缘化的铜导体制造的定子相比表现为几个额外的效率点,比如在专利DE102013017147A1中所限定的。
由于铝与铜相比电连接性差,虽然铝与氨相容但阻碍了马达的性能并因此阻碍了压缩机的性能。PAEK族呈现出出色的耐氨性,从而确保定子的可靠性并因此确保压缩机的可靠性。
绝缘部的厚度允许保持高的槽填充系数并且因此允许支持紧凑的设计。
与本发明相比,比如在申请DE102013017147A1中设想的那样选择通过数百微米的涂层而被绝缘的铜制成的导体导致定子的槽不能被填充至高的程度,其中,相对于标准填充的损失在20%至50%的范围内。
因此,本发明允许槽填充系数接近标准填充的槽填充系数。
优选地,绝缘体包括至少一种聚芳醚酮(PAEK)并且优选由PEEK制成。
优选地,定子的槽填充系数高于50%。槽填充系数定义为槽中的电导体的总横截面与槽的总横截面的比。
定子优选地以环氧树脂、以聚酯酰亚胺釉质或以硅树脂浸渍。
定子优选地包括围绕位于槽中的相绕组的片,该片为芳基绝缘体、含氟树脂、尤其是PTFE或PEEK。
定子可以包括由聚烯烃材料制成的热缩管,以用于标记相。
电导体束优选地通过芳纶帘线而在槽的外部保持在适当位置。
术语“主要为铝”应当被理解为意味着传导性金属材料的铝含量为按重量计至少50%、优选地为80%并且甚至更优选地为95%。优选地,电导体完全由铝构成。
本发明的另一主题是一种电动马达,该电动马达包括根据本发明的比如上面所限定的定子。
本发明的又一主题是一种以氨作为制冷剂操作的压缩机,该压缩机包括根据本发明的马达。
该压缩机优选是半密封的活塞式、涡旋式、螺杆式或离心式压缩机,氨用作制冷设备中的传热流体。
附图说明
在阅读以下对本发明的非限制性示例性实施方式的详细描述时和在检查附图时,将能够更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
-图1以横截面示意性地示出了根据本发明的导线的示例;
-图2示出了定子的槽的填充;
-图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的马达;以及
-图4示意性地示出了根据本发明的压缩机。
具体实施方式
导线
图1示出了根据本发明的导线的示例。该导线1包括金属电导体2和绝缘涂层3。
电导体主要由铝制成或者甚至仅由铝制成。
电导体的横截面可以是圆形或其他形状、特别是正方形或矩形,正方形或矩形在需要的情况下可以使得能够制造具有较好的槽填充系数的规则的绕组。
根据马达的功率,电导体的横截面范围例如为从1mm2至7mm2
绝缘涂层3基于PAEK、优选地基于PEEK。
涂层可以完全由PEEK构成。
可以使用挤出工艺来制造电线。关于绝缘电线的外径的公差为+/-15μm。
可以根据需要将PAEK与其他聚合物比如聚酰胺-酰亚胺或甚至聚苯硫醚(PPS)单独地结合或者以与聚苯砜(PPSU)、聚烯烃或聚醚砜(PESU)或者具有高于150℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)任何其他树脂结合的方式结合。
涂层的厚度在30μm与100μm之间、优选地在30μm至50μm之间。
定子
定子包括可以为任何类型的磁路,该磁路包括槽,相绕组被容纳在该槽内。
图2示出了这样的槽5和容纳在其内的导线1的一部分。
槽的数量取决于马达的极性。马达可以是同步的或异步的,但优选地为同步的。例如,极的数量的范围为从2至8。例如,马达的功率范围为从0.5kW至400kW。
可以使用涂层或浸渍环氧树脂来浸渍定子。也可以通过聚酯酰亚胺釉质或硅树脂来浸渍定子。
槽和相可以通过绝缘体——例如PTFE、PEEK或芳族聚酰胺纸——的片6而被绝缘。
可以使用芳纶帘线来系导线。
可以使用聚烯烃热缩管来标记相。
图3示出了包括根据本发明的定子83和具有极82的转子81的马达。
图4示出了包括根据本发明的马达8的压缩机,该压缩机具有入口级7和出口9。
对比性测试
已经以涂覆有不同厚度的绝缘体的铝线进行了许多测试。
表1
绝缘体n1至绝缘体n4包括不同厚度的PEEK。
标准绝缘体包括涂覆有PEI(聚酯酰亚胺)/PAI(聚酰胺-酰亚胺)的铜。可以看出,根据本发明的绝缘体n4在与氨接触而老化之后仍保持良好的机械强度和电阻以及高于50%的良好的槽填充系数。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于电动马达的定子(83),所述定子(83)包括电线的至少一个绕组,所述电线由覆盖有厚度在30μm与100μm之间的绝缘体的主要由铝构成的电导体制成,所述绝缘体包括选自聚芳醚酮之中的至少一种聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的定子,所述绝缘体至少包括聚醚醚酮。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的定子,所述定子的槽填充系数高于50%。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的定子,所述定子以环氧树脂、以聚酯酰亚胺釉质或以硅树脂浸渍。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的定子,包括围绕相绕组的片(6),所述片(6)为芳基绝缘体、含氟树脂、尤其是PTFE或PEEK。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的定子,所述电导体完全由铝构成。
7.一种电动马达,所述电动马达包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的定子(83)。
8.一种以氨作为制冷剂操作的压缩机,所述压缩机包括根据权利要求7所述的电动马达。
CN201910606243.2A 2018-07-05 2019-07-05 用于电动马达的定子、电动马达和包括其的压缩机 Pending CN110690778A (zh)

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