CN110574672A - tomato cloud and mist cultivation method - Google Patents
tomato cloud and mist cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110574672A CN110574672A CN201911054459.9A CN201911054459A CN110574672A CN 110574672 A CN110574672 A CN 110574672A CN 201911054459 A CN201911054459 A CN 201911054459A CN 110574672 A CN110574672 A CN 110574672A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cloud and mist cultivation method of tomatoes, which can effectively solve the problems of obvious salt accumulation phenomenon on the surface of soil and increasingly serious continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon in agricultural production in the prior art, and adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: 1) seed soaking and germination accelerating; 2) sowing; 3) managing and transplanting in a seedling stage; 4) planting; 5) growth management; 7) and (6) harvesting. The invention can simultaneously meet the requirements of roots on air and nutrients; the diameter of the fog grains is 1-10 mu m, the absorption efficiency of the tomatoes on nutrients can be improved, the general growth rate is superior to that of any planting mode, and the method is an innovation in the cultivation method of the tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a cloud and mist cultivation method of tomatoes, in particular to a cloud and mist cultivation method of tomatoes.
background
The tomato is also called tomato, is a plant in the genera of tubular flores, solanaceae and tomatoes, grows annually or perennially, and is one of common vegetables in China. The tomato is rich in carotene, vitamin C and B vitamins, and the requirements of human bodies on several vitamins and mineral substances can be met by eating 50-100 g of fresh tomato every day. The tomato contains "lycopene", which has the function of inhibiting bacteria; the tomato contains fruit acid, can reduce the content of cholesterol, and is beneficial to hyperlipidemia. The tomato is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, protein, saccharide, organic acid, and cellulose. Tomatoes are rich in nutrients and have many functions called the fruit of miracle vegetables.
The tomato is an important fruit and vegetable which is deeply loved by people, and meanwhile, due to the characteristics of the tomato, the tomato is an effective plant for experiments in a laboratory and is one of representative plants of a soilless culture technology, the facility culture area of the tomato is increased year by year, but because the protected soil is in an artificial special microclimate environment and the culture and water and fertilizer management are unscientific, the accumulation phenomenon of salt on the surface of the soil is obvious, and the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon in agricultural production is increasingly serious. Therefore, the invention of a new tomato cultivation method is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a tomato cultivation method by cloud and fog, which can effectively solve the problems of obvious salt accumulation on the soil surface and increasingly serious continuous cropping obstacles in agricultural production in the prior art.
the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating
Soaking tomato seeds with full grains in 48 ℃ warm water for 10-20min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4-6h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 1-3d to germinate;
2) seeding
Soaking the germinated tomatoes in the seed, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves (45 mm in outer diameter, 42mm in inner diameter and 40mm in depth) of S04 planting baskets (290 x 40mm) filled with black sponge balls, and placing the planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) management and transplantation in seedling stage
Placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) Planting
when 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 23-27cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) Growth management
After field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of a root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
when the tomato grows to a certain height, one end of the rope is tied to the stem base part of the tomato plant and the other end of the rope is tied to the iron wire prepared in the greenhouse early due to the action of gravity, so that the upward growth of the tomato plant is ensured. For the infinitely growing tomatoes, a single-stalk pruning mode is adopted, 5 fruits (3 large-fruit varieties and 4 medium-sized tomatoes can be kept in a full stand) are kept in the second three-fruit mode, and malformed fruits are cut off at the same time. If the tomato is a winter-spring tomato, 2,4-D with the concentration of 15-16 mg/kg can be dipped by a writing brush and coated on the pedicel, so that the fruit setting rate can be improved;
in the tomato growth process, flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and redundant flowers, fruits and side branches on main stems should be removed, so that the loss of nutrients is reduced, good development of fruits and growth of plants are facilitated, the lower color-changing senescent leaves are removed in time, ventilation and lighting are facilitated, fruit picking is facilitated, plant protection cost is reduced, and the growth of new branches and leaves can be promoted;
7) Harvesting
the fruits are picked at proper time, the tomatoes are ripe and green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 times, stored and fresh-kept can be picked in the green ripe period, transported and sold, picked in the discolored period (1/3 of the fruits turn red), sold on site or eaten by oneself, picked when the fruits turn red more than 1/3 in the ripe period, picked lightly picked during picking, preferably without fruit bases during picking, so that the fruits are prevented from being punctured mutually during transportation.
The invention breaks away from the traditional agricultural cultivation carrier of the land, takes the sea-force extra-high voltage water mist technology as the core, atomizes the micron-sized mist drops of the nutrient solution, and directly sprays the micron-sized mist drops to the root system of the plant in an intermittent mist-dispersing mode, the mist flow speed is high, the density is high, the mist flow is uniform, the coverage is wide, the turbulence degree is high, the entrainment capacity to the air is strong, and the requirements of the root to the air and nutrients can be simultaneously met; the diameter of the fog grains is 1-10 mu m, the absorption efficiency of the tomatoes on nutrients can be improved, the general growth rate is superior to that of any planting mode, and the method is an innovation in the cultivation method of the tomatoes.
Detailed Description
the following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the actual situation.
in specific implementation, the method comprises the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating
soaking tomato seeds with full grains in 48 ℃ warm water for 10-20min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4-6h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 1-3d to germinate;
2) seeding
soaking the germinated tomatoes in the seed, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves (45 mm in outer diameter, 42mm in inner diameter and 40mm in depth) of S04 planting baskets (290 x 40mm) filled with black sponge balls, and placing the planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) Management and transplantation in seedling stage
placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) Planting
when 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 23-27cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) Growth management
after field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of a root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
When the tomato grows to a certain height, one end of the rope is tied to the stem base part of the tomato plant and the other end of the rope is tied to the iron wire prepared in the greenhouse early due to the action of gravity, so that the upward growth of the tomato plant is ensured. For the infinitely growing tomatoes, a single-stalk pruning mode is adopted, 5 fruits (3 large-fruit varieties and 4 medium-sized tomatoes can be kept in a full stand) are kept in the second three-fruit mode, and malformed fruits are cut off at the same time. If the tomato is a winter-spring tomato, 2,4-D with the concentration of 15-16 mg/kg can be dipped by a writing brush and coated on the pedicel, so that the fruit setting rate can be improved;
In the tomato growth process, flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and redundant flowers, fruits and side branches on main stems should be removed, so that the loss of nutrients is reduced, good development of fruits and growth of plants are facilitated, the lower color-changing senescent leaves are removed in time, ventilation and lighting are facilitated, fruit picking is facilitated, plant protection cost is reduced, and the growth of new branches and leaves can be promoted;
7) Harvesting
The fruits are picked at proper time, the tomatoes are ripe and green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 times, stored and fresh-kept can be picked in the green ripe period, transported and sold, picked in the discolored period (1/3 of the fruits turn red), sold on site or eaten by oneself, picked when the fruits turn red more than 1/3 in the ripe period, picked lightly picked during picking, preferably without fruit bases during picking, so that the fruits are prevented from being punctured mutually during transportation.
The nutrient solution is prepared from 470-1200g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 942g of potassium sulfate 405-942g, 78-223g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 609g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 16-46g of chelated iron, 1.5-2g of boric acid, 1.2-2.5g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.15-0.3g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05-0.28g of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.01-0.03g of sodium molybdate tetrahydrate by adding water to 1.2t (1200 kg), adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.5, adjusting the EC value to 2.0-2.4ms/cm before the seedling stage and the flowering stage, increasing to 2.4-2.8ms/cm after flowering, and increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 2.8-3.0ms/cm when the first-batch of fruits begin to swell until the final harvest is finished.
The cloud-mist seedling culture and hardening equipment comprises a seedling smelting frame, a first layer of seedling smelting bed, a second layer of seedling smelting bed, a backflow header pipe, nozzles, spraying pipelines and the like, wherein each layer of seedling smelting bed is arranged into an upper part and a lower part, a seedling culture tray is arranged at the upper part, a planting basket is placed in the seedling culture tray, sponge balls are placed in the planting basket, root system spaces are arranged at the lower part, two nozzles are arranged at the left end and the right end of each layer of root system space, the nozzles are connected with the spraying pipelines, the spraying pipelines are connected with an extra-high pressure fine water mist cloud and mist culture device (patent No. 201620705067X), a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of each layer of root system space, each water outlet is connected with a backflow pipe of the corresponding layer, the backflow pipes are connected with the backflow header pipe, and the seedling smelting beds are completely wrapped by; or directly adopt patent number 201620705067X's an aerial fog cultivation device of leek, including at least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit includes the landing leg of vertical setting, sets up the upper ledge at landing leg top and setting are in the underframe of landing leg lower part is equipped with on the upper ledge and educates seedling tray, educates seedling tray and be upper portion open-ended hollow structure, is provided with the planting hole that is used for leek root system to grow to pass through on its bottom surface, and planting hole below is provided with the cultivation space that is enclosed by the agricultural black and white membrane of PEP, and the cultivation space is stretched into to high-pressure water mist shower nozzle.
The modularized cultivation frame adopts a modularized cultivation frame for aerosol cultivation of solanaceous fruit crops with the patent number of 201620705312.7; this modularization cultivation frame is assembled by a plurality of basic units and constitutes together, and every basic unit includes the landing leg of vertical setting, sets up the last frame at landing leg top is in with the setting the underframe of landing leg lower part is equipped with the cultivation cystosepiment on going up the frame, is provided with the cultivation hole that is used for placing the field planting sponge on the cultivation cystosepiment, and cultivation hole below is provided with the cultivation space that encloses by the agricultural black and white membrane of PEP.
the cloud and fog cultivation system is characterized in that a cultivation system of solanaceous fruits of patent number 201610712486.0 is adopted, the cultivation system of solanaceous fruits vegetables comprises a nutrient solution supply system and a solanaceous fruits vegetable cultivation frame, the solanaceous fruits vegetable cultivation frame is formed by splicing a plurality of basic units, each basic unit comprises a support and a foam board horizontally arranged on the upper portion of the support, a plurality of cultivation holes which are communicated up and down are formed in the foam board, a planting basket is arranged in each cultivation hole and is of a hollow structure with an open upper portion, a culture medium for the growth of the solanaceous fruits vegetables is filled in an inner cavity of the planting basket, side through holes and bottom through holes for the growth of agricultural celery root systems are formed in planting basket shells on the side and below the culture medium respectively, a cultivation space surrounded by a PEP black and white film is arranged below the planting basket, the nutrient solution supply system comprises a nutrient solution storage box, a plurality of nutrient solution storage boxes are arranged, The liquid outlet of nutrient solution bin is through the filter of series connection, magnetizer, low pressure ball valve, the high-pressure pump, high pressure ball valve and the thin water smoke shower nozzle of high pressure, the water inlet of high-pressure pump links to each other, the delivery port of high-pressure pump links to each other with the water inlet of main spray line respectively through the high pressure ball valve, main spray line is fixed on the support, be provided with a plurality of spraying branch pipelines that stretch into the cultivation space on the main spray line, be provided with the thin water smoke shower nozzle of high pressure on the spraying branch pipeline, constitute the atomizing structure of nutrient solution.
Example 1
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating
soaking tomato seeds with full grains in 48 ℃ warm water for 10-20min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4-6h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 1-3d to germinate;
2) Seeding
soaking the germinated tomatoes in the seed, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves (45 mm in outer diameter, 42mm in inner diameter and 40mm in depth) of S04 planting baskets (290 x 40mm) filled with black sponge balls, and placing the planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) Management and transplantation in seedling stage
Placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) Planting
when 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 23-27cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) Growth management
After field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of a root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
When the tomato grows to a certain height, one end of the rope is tied to the stem base part of the tomato plant and the other end of the rope is tied to the iron wire prepared in the greenhouse early due to the action of gravity, so that the upward growth of the tomato plant is ensured. For the infinitely growing tomatoes, a single-stalk pruning mode is adopted, 5 second three-support fruits (3 large-fruit varieties, 4 medium-sized tomatoes and all cherry tomatoes can be remained) are reserved, deformed fruits are cut off, and if the tomatoes are winter-spring tomatoes, 2 with the concentration of 15-16 mg/kg can be dipped by a writing brush and coated on flower stalks in 4-D mode, so that the fruit yield can be improved;
In the tomato growth process, flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and redundant flowers, fruits and side branches on main stems should be removed, so that the loss of nutrients is reduced, good development of fruits and growth of plants are facilitated, the lower color-changing senescent leaves are removed in time, ventilation and lighting are facilitated, fruit picking is facilitated, plant protection cost is reduced, and the growth of new branches and leaves can be promoted;
7) Harvesting
The fruits are picked at proper time, the tomatoes are ripe and green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 times, stored and fresh-kept can be picked in the green ripe period, transported and sold, picked in the discolored period (1/3 of the fruits turn red), sold on site or eaten by oneself, picked when the fruits turn red more than 1/3 in the ripe period, picked lightly picked during picking, preferably without fruit bases during picking, so that the fruits are prevented from being punctured mutually during transportation.
The nutrient solution is prepared from 470g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 405g of potassium sulfate, 78g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 253g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 16g of chelated iron, 1.5g of boric acid, 1.2g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.15g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05g of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.01g of sodium molybdate tetrahydrate by adding water to 1.2t (1200 kg), adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.5, adjusting the EC value to 2.0-2.4ms/cm before flowering in the seedling stage, increasing the EC value to 2.4-2.8ms/cm after flowering, and increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 2.8-3.0ms/cm until the first batch of fruits begin to swell until the final harvest is finished.
Example 2
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating
Soaking full tomato seeds in warm water at 48 ℃ for 15min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 5h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 28 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 2d to sprout;
2) seeding
Soaking the germinated tomatoes in the seed, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves (45 mm in outer diameter, 42mm in inner diameter and 40mm in depth) of S04 planting baskets (290 x 40mm) filled with black sponge balls, and placing the planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) management and transplantation in seedling stage
Placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) planting
when 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 25cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) Growth management
After field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of the root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
when the tomato grows to a certain height, one end of the rope is tied to the stem base part of the tomato plant and the other end of the rope is tied to the iron wire prepared in the greenhouse early due to the action of gravity, so that the upward growth of the tomato plant is ensured. For the infinitely growing tomatoes, a single-stalk pruning mode is adopted, 5 fruits (3 large-fruit varieties and 4 medium-sized tomatoes can be kept in a full stand) are kept in the second three-fruit mode, and malformed fruits are cut off at the same time. If the tomato is a winter-spring tomato, 2,4-D with the concentration of 15-16 mg/kg can be dipped by a writing brush and coated on the pedicel, so that the fruit setting rate can be improved;
In the tomato growth process, flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and redundant flowers, fruits and side branches on main stems should be removed, so that the loss of nutrients is reduced, good development of fruits and growth of plants are facilitated, the lower color-changing senescent leaves are removed in time, ventilation and lighting are facilitated, fruit picking is facilitated, plant protection cost is reduced, and the growth of new branches and leaves can be promoted;
7) Harvesting
The fruits are picked at proper time, the tomatoes are ripe and green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 times, stored and fresh-kept can be picked in the green ripe period, transported and sold, picked in the discolored period (1/3 of the fruits turn red), sold on site or eaten by oneself, picked when the fruits turn red more than 1/3 in the ripe period, picked lightly picked during picking, preferably without fruit bases during picking, so that the fruits are prevented from being punctured mutually during transportation.
The nutrient solution is prepared from 1200g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 942g of potassium sulfate, 223g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 609g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 46g of chelated iron, 2g of boric acid, 2.5g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.3g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.28g of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.03g of sodium molybdate tetrahydrate by adding water to 1.2t (1200 kg), adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.5, adjusting the EC value to 2.0-2.4ms/cm before flowering in the seedling stage, increasing the EC value to 2.4-2.8ms/cm after flowering, and increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 2.8-3.0ms/cm when the first batch of fruits start to swell until the final harvest is finished.
Through field application and experiments, the invention has very good effect, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding beneficial technical effects:
1. The tomato cultivated by the method has the advantages of short growth period, very high growth speed, good taste and developed root system.
2. The method is simple, water and fertilizer are saved, the water consumption is 1% of that of the traditional soil culture, and the fertilizer consumption is 1% of that of the traditional soil culture.
3. the cultivation method is separated from the traditional agricultural cultivation carrier, can utilize four barren lands, namely barren mountains, barren ditches, barren hills and barren beaches for planting, can produce in a large area as long as sunlight exists, adopts a three-dimensional cultivation mode, and can increase the utilization efficiency of the land by more than 6 times through field tests.
4. Solves the continuous cropping obstacle of soil cultivation.
5. According to the cultivation method, nutrient substances required by tomato growth are sprayed to tomato roots in an intermittent atomizing mode, the atomizing speed is high, the density is high, the atomizing flow is uniform, the coverage area is wide, the turbulence degree is high, the entrainment capacity to air is strong, and the requirements of roots on air and nutrients can be met; the diameter of the fog particles is 1-10 mu m, so that the nutrient absorption efficiency of the tomato root system can be improved. The growth speed is high and is 4-6 times of that of soil cultivation, the growth period is shortened, the yield is improved, the method is suitable for industrial production and industrialized production, and the yield is increased by 3-5 times through field tests.
6. the tomato produced by the cultivation method has high quality: the whole planting process prevents pathogenic bacteria from invading from the source, does not use pesticides and traditional fertilizers, has no heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, and has no pollution of transgenosis, hormone and the like, realizes clean vegetable supply, saves the space and the working procedures of cleaning and vegetable selection in urban areas, and avoids the secondary pollution of cleaning kitchen waste such as vegetables and the like.
7. the cultivation method is environment-friendly, saves water and fertilizer, prevents plant diseases and insect pests in soil from invading crops due to the separation from the soil, simultaneously prevents heavy metals in the soil from entering human bodies, has no disasters such as pesticide, traditional fertilizer, water and soil loss, secondary pollution and the like, has no surface source pollution, is a great innovation in tomato cultivation technology, and has great economic and social benefits.
8. the method can give full play to the yield potential, can improve the yield by times compared with the traditional soil cultivation, can get rid of the restriction of natural environment under certain conditions, and can produce according to the will of people. From the modernization perspective, the soilless tomato can effectively realize mechanized and automatic planting, and is a main direction of modern agriculture, so that with the technological progress, the soilless tomato cultivation technology has a new situation of vigorous development in China, and has good economic and social benefits.
Claims (6)
1. the tomato cloud cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating
Soaking tomato seeds with full grains in 48 ℃ warm water for 10-20min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4-6h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 1-3d to germinate;
2) seeding
Soaking the germinated tomatoes, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves in S04 field planting baskets filled with black sponge balls by using forceps, and placing the field planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) Management and transplantation in seedling stage
Placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) planting
when 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 23-27cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) Growth management
After field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of a root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
7) harvesting
The tomatoes are ripe, green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 periods, can be harvested in a green ripe period for storage and fresh keeping, can be harvested in a discolored period for transportation and sale, can be harvested on the spot or harvested when the self-eating is red above a fruit 1/3 in a ripe period, and can be lightly picked during harvesting without carrying fruit bases to prevent the fruits from being stabbed with each other during shipment.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from 470-1200g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 405-942g of potassium sulfate, 78-223g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 253-609g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 16-46g of chelated iron, 1.5-2g of boric acid, 1.2-2.5g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.15-0.3g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05-0.28g of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.01-0.03g of sodium molybdate tetrahydrate, water is added until 1.2t, pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5, EC value is adjusted to 2.0-2.4ms/cm before seedling stage and flowering, and is increased to 2.4-2.8ms/cm after flowering, and when the first crop begins to swell, the concentration of the nutrient solution is increased to 2.8-3.0ms/cm until the harvest is completed.
3. The tomato cloud and mist cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cloud and mist cultivation and seedling exercising equipment comprises a seedling exercising frame, a first layer of seedling exercising bed, a second layer of seedling exercising bed, a backflow header pipe, spray heads and spray pipes, wherein each layer of seedling exercising bed is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a seedling raising tray, a planting basket is placed in the seedling raising tray, sponge balls are placed in the planting basket, the lower part is a root space, the left end and the right end of each layer of root space are respectively provided with two spray heads, the spray heads are connected with the spray pipes, the spray pipes are connected with the marine extra-high pressure water mist cloud and mist cultivation device, the bottom of each layer of root space is provided with a water outlet, each water outlet is connected with a corresponding layer of backflow pipe, the backflow pipes are connected with the backflow header pipe, and the seedling exercising beds are completely wrapped by black white films from top to bottom to form; or directly adopt patent number 201620705067X's an aerial fog cultivation device of leek, including at least one cultivation unit, the cultivation unit includes the landing leg of vertical setting, sets up the upper ledge at landing leg top and setting are in the underframe of landing leg lower part is equipped with on the upper ledge and educates seedling tray, educates seedling tray and be upper portion open-ended hollow structure, is provided with the planting hole that is used for leek root system to grow to pass through on its bottom surface, and planting hole below is provided with the cultivation space that is enclosed by the agricultural black and white membrane of PEP, and the cultivation space is stretched into to high-pressure water mist shower nozzle.
4. the tomato cloud cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modular cultivation shelf is a modular cultivation shelf for aeroponically cultivating solanaceous fruit crops as disclosed in patent No. 201620705312.7; this modularization cultivation frame is assembled by a plurality of basic units and constitutes together, and every basic unit includes the landing leg of vertical setting, sets up the last frame at landing leg top is in with the setting the underframe of landing leg lower part is equipped with the cultivation cystosepiment on going up the frame, is provided with the cultivation hole that is used for placing the field planting sponge on the cultivation cystosepiment, and cultivation hole below is provided with the cultivation space that encloses by the agricultural black and white membrane of PEP.
5. The tomato cloud cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomato cloud cultivation system is a solanaceous cultivation system disclosed in patent No. 201610712486.0, the solanaceous cultivation system comprises a nutrient solution supply system and a solanaceous vegetable cultivation frame, the solanaceous vegetable cultivation frame is formed by assembling a plurality of basic units, each basic unit comprises a support and a foam board horizontally arranged on the upper portion of the support, a plurality of cultivation holes which are communicated up and down are formed in the foam board, planting baskets are arranged in the cultivation holes, each planting basket is a hollow structure with an upper portion opened, a culture medium for the growth of the solanaceous vegetables is filled in an inner cavity of the planting basket, side through holes and bottom through holes for the growth of celery root systems are respectively formed in the casings on the side of the culture medium and below the planting baskets, a cultivation space surrounded by a PEP black and white film is arranged below the baskets, nutrient solution supply system includes the nutrient solution bin, the filter, the magnetizer, the low pressure ball valve, the high-pressure pump, high pressure ball valve and high-pressure water mist nozzle, the liquid outlet of nutrient solution bin is through the filter of series connection, the magnetizer, the low pressure ball valve links to each other with the water inlet of high-pressure pump, the delivery port of high-pressure pump links to each other with the water inlet of main spray line respectively through the high-pressure ball valve, the main spray line is fixed on the support, be provided with a plurality of spraying small transfer lines that stretch into the cultivation space on the main spray line, be provided with high-pressure water mist nozzle on the spraying small transfer line.
6. the tomato cloud cultivation method of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
1) seed soaking and germination accelerating
Soaking tomato seeds with full grains in 48 ℃ warm water for 10-20min, sterilizing the seeds, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4-6h, wrapping the seeds with gauze, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, and preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 1-3d to germinate;
2) Seeding
soaking the germinated tomatoes, lightly placing the tomatoes into sponge ball grooves in S04 field planting baskets filled with black sponge balls by using forceps, and placing the field planting baskets into seedling trays;
3) Management and transplantation in seedling stage
placing the seedling tray with the sown seeds on a cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device, spraying a nutrient solution for 2min every 30min by using a nutrient solution control system, and spraying the nutrient solution in the space of the cloud-fog culture seedling exercising device in an intermittent atomizing manner to provide root system moisture and nutrients so as to keep the environmental humidity of the root system at 90-100%;
4) Planting
When 6 leaves grow out of the tomatoes, a planting basket grows out of the root systems, and the plant height is 23-27cm, transplanting the tomatoes and the planting basket into a modular cultivation frame for cultivating solanaceous fruit crops in a greenhouse through air mist, and starting a cloud and mist cultivation system;
5) growth management
after field planting, spraying nutrient solution in a cloud and mist cultivation frame space in an intermittent mist spraying mode to provide root system moisture and nutrients, spraying the nutrient solution for 120 seconds every 25 minutes to enable the nutrient solution to be dispersed in the whole cultivation frame, and enabling the atomized and concentrated nutrient solution to flow back to a nutrient solution storage tank for cyclic utilization, wherein the temperature in a facility environment is 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-60%, the relative humidity of a root system environment is 90-100%, the tomato root system is grown and developed under an optimal root area environment, and the growth speed, the yield and the biomass are greatly improved;
7) Harvesting
The tomatoes are ripe, green, discolored, ripe and completely ripe for 4 periods, can be harvested in a green ripe period for storage and fresh keeping, can be harvested in a discolored period for transportation and sale, can be harvested on the spot or harvested when the self-eating is changed to red at a ripe period, namely above a fruit 1/3, and can be lightly picked and lightly released during harvesting, and preferably without fruit bases during harvesting to prevent the fruits from being stabbed and damaged mutually during shipment;
The nutrient solution is prepared by adding water to 1.2t, adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.5, adjusting the EC value from the seedling stage to before flowering to 2.0-2.4ms/cm, increasing the EC value to 2.4-2.8ms/cm after flowering, and increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 2.8-3.0ms/cm when the first batch of fruits begins to swell until the first batch of fruits finishes harvesting.
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Application publication date: 20191217 |