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CN110565869A - 利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块及其制备方法 - Google Patents

利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110565869A
CN110565869A CN201910803073.7A CN201910803073A CN110565869A CN 110565869 A CN110565869 A CN 110565869A CN 201910803073 A CN201910803073 A CN 201910803073A CN 110565869 A CN110565869 A CN 110565869A
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powder
parts
building block
microcrystal
wall building
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罗会成
叶辉
林贵彪
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Luoyang Beibao Silicon Nest Technology Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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Abstract

利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,该墙体砌块由以下重量份数的原料制成:微晶熔块70~90份、矿物原料12~25份、化工原料2.5~10份;微晶熔块由以下质量百分比的原料制成,抛光粉60~80%、矿石粉15~25%、配料粉5~17%。本发明通过配方的调整和制备工艺的改进,制备出一种抗压强度得到显著提高,保温性能好,且耐火能力强的微晶发泡墙体砌块,能够较好满足建筑材料领域对于节能、环保、高强、防火的要求。

Description

利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及砌块的生产技术领域,具体的说是一种利用陶瓷抛光废渣为主原料生产微晶发泡墙体砌块的工艺。
技术背景
随着世界资源的逐渐匮乏,可利用资源越来越少,原矿开采受到极大限制,那么生产建筑材料也需要寻求新的原料来源。当今我国陶瓷抛光废渣的存有量极为庞大,抛光粉在陶瓷厂露天堆放的情况比比皆是,既污染环境又占用土地,若是能够将这部分固废再生利用,将对环境和建材的生产成本有较大改善。
随着我国制定的“节约能源,实现可持续发展”的基本原则不断深化,建筑节能也成为了目前中国建筑事业发展的一个重点。目前建筑节能的主要手段是外墙保温技术,可有效解决我国冬夏两季室内外温差所造成的能源损失问题,这是建筑材料节能保温技术的发展方向。
目前的外墙保温系统有两种,包括有机保温材料和无机保温材料两大类。众所周知有机材料的阻燃性很差,在发生火灾时不仅不会形成抗火灾功能碳化层结构,还会引发火灾蔓延,所以以有机材料作为外墙保温材料存在极大的安全隐患。无机保温材料防火性能比有机材料强,在火灾初期不燃烧、不蔓延,但是也不能长时间承受高温,如玻璃棉350℃以上脆化、粉化,岩棉在650℃以上开始粉化,在火灾中不能有效保护建筑物。
无机保温材料中的发泡陶瓷相对于玻璃棉、岩棉来说,耐火能力更强,能够承受较长时间的高温攻击,但其大多保温性能较差,不能满足建筑节能中对于外墙保温的诉求。同时,发泡陶瓷作为墙体中的支撑体,其力学强度远不如钢筋混凝土。因此,如何对发泡陶瓷保温材料进行改进,使其同时具备节能、高强、防火等优点实为必要。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的为:通过配方的调整和制备工艺的改进,制备出一种抗压强度得到显著提高,保温性能好,且耐火能力强的微晶发泡墙体砌块,以满足建筑材料领域对于节能、环保、高强、防火的要求。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,该墙体砌块由以下重量份数的原料制成:微晶熔块70~90份、矿物原料12~25份、化工原料2.5~10份;
其中,所述的微晶熔块由以下质量百分比的原料制成,抛光粉60~80%、矿石粉15~25%、配料粉5~17%。
进一步的,所述的矿物原料为高岭土、钠长石、方解石和白云石中的至少一种;所述的化工原料为碳酸钡、玻璃粉和SiC中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的矿石粉为钠长石、方解石、滑石、白云石和石英中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用;配料粉为氧化铝、氧化锌、硼砂、硝酸钠、纯碱、碳酸钡和氧化锑中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用。
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、按照质量百分比,分别取60~80%的抛光粉、15~25%的矿石粉和5~17%的配料粉,充分混匀后,投入熔炼炉中,于1480~1560℃温度条件下进行熔炼0.8-1.5h,之后,取出经水淬后,制得粒径为8~20目的微晶熔块,然后,转置于立磨机中研磨制成粒径为150-250目的微晶熔块粉,备用;
步骤二、按照重量份数,分别称取20~30份矿物原料和5~10份化工原料,置于粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50-200的粉料,之后,向所得粉料中加入70~90份步骤一制得的微晶熔块粉,充分混匀后,制得混合料,备用;
步骤三、在辊道窑的辊轴上,利用棚板搭设一个中空的腔体状模具,之后,在中空腔体状模具的外侧布置挡板,并在中空腔体状模具的内表面铺设陶瓷纤维纸,然后,将步骤二制得的混合料铺设在陶瓷纤维纸上,之后,按照成品砌块的厚度进行表面刮平;
步骤四、控制辊道窑内温度不断升高至1140~1180℃,并在该温度下进行保温烧制60-90min,之后,自然冷却至窑内温度低于80℃后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
进一步的,在步骤三中,所述的棚板为堇青石或莫来石。
进一步的,在步骤四中,所述辊道窑的升温速率为5℃/min。
有益效果:
1、本发明的微晶发泡墙体砌块,以陶瓷厂的生产废弃物——抛光粉为主原料,辅以添加特定比例配方的矿物原料和化工原料,多种原料协同配合,制备得到的发泡砌块导热性得到显著降低,具有较好的保温性能,且同时兼具轻质高强的特点。能够较好的满足建筑材料领域对于节能、环保、高强、防火的要求。
2、本发明的微晶发泡墙体砌块,其力学性能较普通的发泡陶瓷高出20%以上,特别是砌块容重在500kg/m3以上时,普通发泡陶瓷的抗压强度约为12~15Mpa,而本发明制备的微晶发泡材料抗压强度可达16~20Mpa。经测定,本发明制备的微晶发泡材料容重为300~700kg/m3,强重比(抗压强度/容重)为10~30。导热系数小于0.10w/(m▪k),在火灾发生时不会发生燃烧且短时间结构不会被破坏,具有优异的防火阻燃性能。
3、本发明的微晶发泡墙体砌块,以陶瓷生产废弃物抛光粉为主原料,不仅降低了废弃物对土壤、环境的污染,提高了固体废弃物的再生利用率,还大大降低了砌块的生产成本,节约了能源。
4、本发明的制备方法,采用干法烧制的工艺进行发泡墙体砌块的生产,摒弃了常规工艺中喷雾造粒、加水混料、压制坯体的繁琐操作。整个工艺步骤过程中,无需加水,且能耗较低。工艺方法中通过各原料之间特定粒径比例的调配和充分的混合,利用颗粒级配的方式来更好的把控混料的均匀度,小颗粒自动填充至大颗粒的孔隙当中,使具有不同功用的物料之间实现颗粒装配,进而烧制熔融成容重小,强重比高,力学性能优异的微晶发泡墙体砌块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护范围。
利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,该墙体砌块由以下重量份数的原料制成:微晶熔块70~90份、矿物原料12~25份、化工原料2.5~10份;
其中,所述的微晶熔块由以下质量百分比的原料制成,抛光粉60~80%、矿石粉15~25%、配料粉5~17%。
进一步的,所述的矿物原料为高岭土、钠长石、方解石和白云石中的至少一种;所述的化工原料为碳酸钡、玻璃粉和SiC中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述的矿石粉为钠长石、方解石、滑石、白云石和石英中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用;配料粉为氧化铝、氧化锌、硼砂、硝酸钠、纯碱、碳酸钡和氧化锑中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用。
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步、按照质量百分比,分别取60~80%的抛光粉、15~25%的矿石粉和5~17%的配料粉,混匀后投入池炉,在1480~1560温度下熔炼,0.8-1.5h,之后,经水淬得到8~20目的微晶熔块,再通过立磨制粉得到粒径为150-250目的微晶熔块粉,备用;
第二步、按照重量份数,分别称取20~30份矿物原料和5~10份化工原料,置于粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50-200的粉料,之后,向所得粉料中加入70~90份步骤一制得的微晶熔块粉,充分混匀后,制得混合料,备用;
第三步、在辊道窑辊轴上面布置堇青石或莫来石的中空棚板,搭设一个中空的腔体状模具;
第四步、在棚板四边布置挡板;
第五步、在中空腔体状模具的内腔以陶瓷纤维纸布置;
第六步、将混合料布置与陶瓷纤维纸上,布料完成后按照成品砌块的厚度刮平;
第七步、控制辊道窑内温度不断升高至1140~1180℃,并在该温度下进行保温烧制60-90min;
第八步、自然冷却至80℃以下出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
本发明制备得到的发泡砌块具有多孔结构。
本发明所得到的微晶发泡材料的力学性能较发泡陶瓷高出20%左右,特别是容重在500kg/m3以上时更为明显。如同样是容重为560kg/m3的样块,发泡陶瓷的抗压强度约为12~15Mpa,而我们制备的微晶发泡材料抗压强度可达16~20Mpa。
实施例 1
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、以重量百分比计,取抛光粉72%、硼砂5%、硝酸钠2%、纯碱3%、碳酸钡3%、方解石10%和滑石5%进行充分混合,之后,投入池炉中,在1490℃保温熔炼1h,制得微晶熔块,再将得到微晶熔块粉碎成粒径为200目的粉料。
(2)、按照重量份数,取微晶熔块粉料75份、高岭土9份、钠长石11份、白云石粉5份、碳酸钡5份、SiC0.5份进行混合,制得混合料。
(3)、在辊道窑的辊轴上搭设模具,之后,将混合料布置于模具内,并进行刮平,控制窑炉内温度升高至1145℃进行保温烧制70min,自然冷却至室温后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
经测定,本实施例制得的抛光粉基微晶发泡砌块容重为0.52kg/m3,导热系数为0.10w/(m▪k),抗压强度为16.7Mpa。
实施例2
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、以重量百分比计,取抛光粉67%、钠长石6%、硼砂4%、硝酸钠2%、纯碱3%、碳酸钡3%、方解石10%和滑石5%进行充分混合,之后,投入池炉中,在1520℃保温熔炼1.2h,制得微晶熔块,再将得到微晶熔块粉碎成粒径为220目的粉料。
(2)、按照重量份数,取微晶熔块粉料80份、玻璃粉10份、方解石7份、白云石粉3份、SiC0.7份进行混合,制得混合料。
(3)、在辊道窑的辊轴上搭设模具,之后,将混合料布置于模具内,并进行刮平,控制窑炉内温度升高至1150℃进行保温烧制60min,自然冷却至室温后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
经测定,本实施例制得的抛光粉基微晶发泡砌块容重为0.44kg/m3,导热系数0.08w/(m▪k),抗压强度为10.9Mpa。
实施例3
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、以重量百分比计,取抛光粉68%、钠长石12%、氧化铝6%、硼砂3%、硝酸钠2%、纯碱3%、碳酸钡3%和滑石3%进行充分混合,之后,投入池炉中,在1480℃保温熔炼0.9h,制得微晶熔块,再将得到微晶熔块粉碎成粒径为250目的粉料。
(2)、按照重量份数,取微晶熔块粉料85份、高岭土8份、白云石5份、碳酸钡2份、SiC0.5份进行混合,制得混合料。
(3)、在辊道窑的辊轴上搭设模具,之后,将混合料布置于模具内,并进行刮平,控制窑炉内温度升高至1140℃进行保温烧制90min,自然冷却至室温后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
经测定,本实施例制得的抛光粉基微晶发泡砌块容重为0.49kg/m3,导热系数0.10w/(m▪k),抗压强度为14.6Mpa。
实施例4
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、以重量百分比计,取抛光粉60%、方解石8%、白云石7%、石英10%、氧化锌2%、硼砂4%、碳酸钡9%进行充分混合,之后,投入池炉中,在1500℃保温熔炼1.5h,制得微晶熔块,再将得到微晶熔块粉碎成粒径为150目的粉料。
(2)、按照重量份数,取微晶熔块粉料90份、钠长石6份、白云石6份、玻璃粉7份进行混合,制得混合料。
(3)、在辊道窑的辊轴上搭设模具,之后,将混合料布置于模具内,并进行刮平,控制窑炉内温度升高至1170℃进行保温烧制80min,自然冷却至室温后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
经测定,本实施例制得的抛光粉基微晶发泡砌块容重为0.69kg/m3,导热系数0.07w/(m▪k),抗压强度为17.8Mpa。
实施例5
利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、以重量百分比计,取抛光粉80%、钠长石5%、石英10%、硝酸钠2%、氧化锑2%、硼砂1%进行充分混合,之后,投入池炉中,在1560℃保温熔炼0.8h,制得微晶熔块,再将得到微晶熔块粉碎成粒径为200目的粉料。
(2)、按照重量份数,取微晶熔块粉料70份、高岭土10份、钠长石2份、方解石3份、白云石1份、SiC2份、玻璃粉1份、碳酸钡3份进行混合,制得混合料。
(3)、在辊道窑的辊轴上搭设模具,之后,将混合料布置于模具内,并进行刮平,控制窑炉内温度升高至1180℃进行保温烧制60min,自然冷却至室温后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
经测定,本实施例制得的抛光粉基微晶发泡砌块容重为0.71kg/m3,导热系数0.08w/(m▪k),抗压强度为18.2Mpa。
以上公开的仅为本申请的几个具体实施例,但并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在本发明的基础上所做的改动与润饰,都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,其特征在于,该墙体砌块由以下重量份数的原料制成:微晶熔块70~90份、矿物原料12~25份、化工原料2.5~10份;
其中,所述的微晶熔块由以下质量百分比的原料制成,抛光粉60~80%、矿石粉15~25%、配料粉5~17%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,其特征在于:所述的矿物原料为高岭土、钠长石、方解石和白云石中的至少一种;所述的化工原料为碳酸钡、玻璃粉和SiC中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用抛光粉制备的微晶发泡墙体砌块,其特征在于:所述的矿石粉为钠长石、方解石、滑石、白云石和石英中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用;配料粉为氧化铝、氧化锌、硼砂、硝酸钠、纯碱、碳酸钡和氧化锑中的至少一种,且均研磨成粉末使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、按照质量百分比,分别取60~80%的抛光粉、15~25%的矿石粉和5~17%的配料粉,充分混匀后,投入熔炼炉中,于1480~1560℃温度条件下进行熔炼0.8-1.5h,之后,取出经水淬后,制得粒径为8~20目的微晶熔块,然后,转置于立磨机中研磨制成粒径为150-250目的微晶熔块粉,备用;
步骤二、按照重量份数,分别称取20~30份矿物原料和5~10份化工原料,置于粉碎机中粉碎成粒径为50-200的粉料,之后,向所得粉料中加入70~90份步骤一制得的微晶熔块粉,充分混匀后,制得混合料,备用;
步骤三、在辊道窑的辊轴上,利用棚板搭设一个中空的腔体状模具,之后,在中空腔体状模具的外侧布置挡板,并在中空腔体状模具的内表面铺设陶瓷纤维纸,然后,将步骤二制得的混合料铺设在陶瓷纤维纸上,之后,按照成品砌块的厚度进行表面刮平;
步骤四、控制辊道窑内温度不断升高至1140~1180℃,并在该温度下进行保温烧制60-90min,之后,自然冷却至窑内温度低于80℃后,出窑卸板,即得成品微晶发泡墙体砌块。
5.根据权利要求4所述的利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,其特征在于:在步骤三中,所述的棚板为堇青石或莫来石。
6.根据权利要求4所述的利用抛光粉制备微晶发泡墙体砌块的方法,其特征在于:在步骤四中,所述辊道窑的升温速率为5℃/min。
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