CN110494727A - 基于磁弹性的传感器组件 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/24—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions
- B60D1/248—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for measuring, indicating or displaying the weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
- G01L1/125—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using magnetostrictive means
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/13—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the tractive or propulsive power of vehicles
- G01L5/136—Force sensors associated with a vehicle traction coupling
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/01—Traction couplings or hitches characterised by their type
- B60D1/04—Hook or hook-and-hasp couplings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/48—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by the mounting
- B60D1/52—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by the mounting removably mounted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于力感测的传感器组件,该传感器组件包括:具有第一和第二通孔的第一部分;具有第三和第四通孔的第二部分;以及第一销和第二销,其将第一部分联接至第二部分。第一和第二销中的至少一个包括基于磁弹性的传感器,用于输出对应于从销的磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号。基于磁弹性的传感器包括在销的至少部分中空的部分中的至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器,该场传感器构造成确定至少一个方向上的剪切力。本发明进一步提供了一种包括该传感器组件的牵引联接器。本发明进一步提供了一种用于检测载荷的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及包含使用磁场传感器测量载荷的系统和方法。具体而言,本发明涉及一种基于磁弹性的传感器组件,即包括磁弹性作用区域的传感器组件,以及包含该传感器组件的牵引联接器。此外,本发明涉及一种确定载荷矢量的方向的方法。
背景技术
在许多使用情况下,使用应变计来感测载荷。然而,应变计通常需要载荷传导元件的结构弱化。通常,需要在不损害结构稳定性的情况下进行载荷测量。
对于牵引联接器尤其如此。此外,对于智能牵引联接器存在强烈需求,例如,用于提供载荷重量计(测量牵引联接器的舌片载荷)、牵引载荷重量转移警报、不安全拖车载荷分布警报、交通工具限制通知、自动拖车制动控制(闭环)、低/平板拖车轮胎通知和检查拖车制动通知、闭环制动控制、交通工具换档控制、发动机控制和稳定性控制的系统。上述功能需要测量牵引联接器的牵引载荷和/或舌片载荷。
现有技术的用于牵引联接器的载荷测量装置具有显著的缺点,例如测量和控制装置的复杂性、以及传感器组件的成本。
作为广泛使用的应变计的替代方案,开发了利用磁弹性效应的非接触型传感器。这些经常应用于各种机械系统中的旋转轴处的扭矩测量。US 9,347,845公开了这种磁弹性传感器。US 9,347,845通过引用整体并入本文。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的基于磁弹性的传感器组件,以有效地测量具有受机械载荷影响的部分的系统中的应力和应变。本发明还提供了一种确定作用在基于磁弹性的传感器组件上的载荷矢量的方向的方法。
根据一方面,用于力感测的传感器组件可以包括具有第一和第二通孔的第一部分。该传感器组件可以进一步包括具有第三和第四通孔的第二部分。第三和第四通孔可以对应于第一和第二通孔定位。该传感器组件可以进一步包括第一销和第二销。第一销可以布置成使得其延伸穿过第一和第三通孔,并且第二销可以布置成使得其延伸穿过第二和第四通孔,以便将第一部分联接至第二部分。第一和第二销中的至少一个可以包括至少一个磁弹性作用区域,其可以直接或间接地附接至或形成销的一部分,从而将销上的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域。磁弹性作用区域可以包括至少一个磁极化区域,使得磁极化区域的极化可以随着所施加应力的增加而变得越来越螺旋形。该传感器组件可以进一步包括磁场传感器器件,其可以布置为接近所述至少一个磁弹性作用区域。磁场传感器器件可以构造成输出对应于可以从磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号。磁场传感器器件可以包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以构造成确定至少一个方向上的剪切力。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器可以特别地布置成与销具有预定且固定的空间坐标,其中该销可以是至少部分中空的。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器可以布置在该销的内部内。借助于传感器组件,可以有效地测量由机械载荷引起的施加到销的应力。根据本发明各方面的传感器组件克服了现有技术解决方案的缺点。具体而言,该传感器组件不会相对于测量值漂移并且不易出错。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一和第二销中的至少一个可以包括:至少一个X方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以构造成检测在纵向方向X上的力分量Fx1;和/或至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以构造成检测在竖直方向Z上的力分量Fz1。纵向方向X可以由第二部分的纵向延伸方向限定。竖直方向Z可以基本上垂直于纵向方向X,并且基本上垂直于至少一个销的纵向延伸的横向方向Y。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一通孔和第三通孔可以构造成使得它们以正配合(positive-fitting)方式包围第一销。配合的正配合方式允许销通过第一和第三通孔基本上刚性地固定到第一部分和第二部分。这意味着销在第一和第三通孔内几乎没有游隙,并且相比于第一销在第一和第三通孔内具有游隙的构造而言,有利地提高了力测量的精度。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第二销可以由第二通孔以正配合方式包围,并且第四通孔可以构造成使得第二销可以在第四通孔内具有一个附加的移动自由度。该附加的移动自由度允许第二销相对于在附加的移动自由度方向上作用的剪切力不敏感。这意味着可以有利地简化沿着该方向的剪切力的确定,因为剪切效应仅发生在第一销上。
根据另一方面,附加的移动自由度可以在纵向方向X上延伸。由于附加的移动自由度对应于纵向方向X,因此可以有利地简化沿着该方向的剪切力的确定。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一和/或第二销可以包括第一磁弹性作用区域和第二磁弹性作用区域。第一和第二磁弹性作用区域可以直接或间接地附接至或形成销的一部分,从而可以将机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域。每个磁弹性作用区域可以包括磁极化区域。特别地,第一磁弹性作用区域的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。磁场传感器器件可以包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域。磁场传感器器件可以构造成输出对应于可以从第一磁弹性作用区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号。磁场传感器器件可以包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域。磁场传感器器件可以构造成输出对应于可以从第二磁弹性作用区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号。这样,可以有利地在两个相反方向上确定剪切力,从而提高确定剪切力的质量。磁场传感器的这种“反之亦然”构造使得能够通过磁弹性作用区域确定剪切方向。例如,如果从第一方向敏感磁场传感器和第二方向敏感磁场传感器获取的测量数据被差分处理,则方向可以是可区分的。
信号的差分评估有利地使信号加倍,这与施加的应力相关。因为第一和第二磁弹性作用区域的极化彼此相反,所以理论上可以补偿可能的外部场。根据该实施例的传感器组件可以更敏感并且更不容易出错。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一和/或第二销可以包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器和/或至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器和/或至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器和/或至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器。该至少一个X方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域中沿第二部分的纵向方向X的力分量Fx1。该至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿第二部分的纵向方向X的力分量Fx2。该至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz1。该至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz2。有利地,可以在相对于彼此垂直对齐的不同方向上确定剪切力。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一销可以包括至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器和至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器。有利地,第一销可以构造成仅对沿着Z方向作用的剪切力作出反应。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一销可以包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器以及至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器,并且传感器组件的第二销可以包括至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器和至少一个第二Z方向磁场传感器。有利地,第一销可以构造成仅对沿着X方向的剪切效应作出反应,这简化了剪切力评估,其中沿着竖直Z方向的剪切力作用在两个销上。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一销可以包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器以及至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器,并且传感器组件的第二销可以包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器以及至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器。这样,两个销都对沿着竖直Z方向以及沿着纵向X方向的所有剪切力敏感。第一和第二销有利地可以检测在系统的不同位置处的剪切力的不同分量。
磁场传感器器件可以构造成用于确定施加到销的载荷的第一分量和第二分量。具体而言,至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器和至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器可以形成第一组传感器,并且至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器和至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器可以形成第二组传感器。第一组传感器适用于确定沿着X轴指向的载荷分量。第二组传感器感测沿着Z方向的基本上垂直于第一分量的载荷分量。因此,施加到销上的应力或力的方向和值可以从该坐标系中的所述分量确定。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第二部分可以包括中心壁,该中心壁可以沿纵向方向X和竖直方向Z延伸。第三和第四通孔也可以延伸穿过中心壁。有利地,中心壁允许第一部分在附加的作用点处有效地受到剪切力的影响。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一和/或第二销可以以预定方式固定地附接至第一部分。第一和/或第二销可以有利地在所有六个自由度上固定地附接。这样,可以有效地确定剪切力,因为所述销在第一部分的通孔内不具有游隙。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一部分可以具有轭状形状。第一部分的轭腿可以包括第一和第二通孔。传感器组件的第二部分可以具有管状形状。第二部分的侧壁可以包括第三和第四通孔。方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测由第一部分和第二部分引入到销中的剪切力的力分量。有利地,第一部分的轭状形状和第二部分的管状形状允许传感器组件以两个物体的细长接合连接实现,而销布置在通孔中并连接两个物体。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一部分可以具有轭状形状。第一部分的轭腿可以包括第一和第二通孔。中心壁可以包括第三和第四通孔。方向敏感磁场传感器可以构造成检测由第一部分和第二部分引入到销中的剪切力的力分量。具体而言,第二部分的侧壁可以包括可以大于第三和第四通孔的通孔,使得剪切力可以通过轭腿中的第一和第二通孔的邻接表面以及中心壁中的第三和第四通孔的邻接表面引入到销中。邻接表面允许第一部分与第二部分之间的动力传递以有利方式构造。
根据另一方面,牵引联接器可以包括传感器组件,其中第一部分是挂接组件,其可以构造成附接至小汽车底盘,并且其中第二部分可以是接收管,其可以构造成接收拉杆,替代地牵引联接器的挂接杆或球座。有利地,传感器组件构造成检测汽车的牵引联接器的力,该牵引联接器可以是陆基公路或越野交通工具的一部分。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一部分可以是具有两个轭腿的支撑轭。轭腿可以包括凹槽,所述凹槽彼此对应地对齐并且表示第一部分的第一和第二通孔。
根据另一方面,传感器组件的第一部分可以是具有两个或四个轭腿的支撑轭。轭腿可以包括凹槽,所述凹槽彼此对应地对齐并且表示第一部分的第一和第二通孔。
根据另一方面,传感器组件省略了磁场传感器器件与第二部分之间的机械连结或连接。这消除了由于该连接的机械故障而导致的误差源。即使在极端操作条件下,传感器组件也能可靠地操作。减小了长期测量期间测量值的漂移。根据本发明各方面的传感器组件是通用的,其中它可以应用于或集成在几乎每个管状部分中,该管状部分可以是例如陆地、海洋、铁路或空中的运输交通工具的液压单元的一部分。
根据另一方面,可由传感器组件检测的力不仅仅限于源自剪切应力的剪切力,而是也可能由于作用在传感器组件的第一销和/或第二销的磁弹性作用区域上的拉伸或压缩应力而产生。换言之,剪切应力和法向应力都可以引起从磁弹性作用区域发出的磁极化区域的极化的变化。该极化可以由磁场传感器器件检测,该磁场传感器器件可以朝向极化方向敏感磁场传感器输出对应于应力诱导磁通量的信号,该信号可以构造成确定作用力。因此,磁弹性作用区域可以对所有的应力类型敏感。如果销仅暴露于一种单一类型的应力,则该实施例可能特别适用。
根据另一方面,方向敏感磁场传感器可以是霍尔效应、磁阻、磁晶体管、磁二极管,MAGFET场传感器或磁通门磁力计中的一种。这些方面有利地应用于本发明的所有实施例。
根据另一方面,任何液压活塞、起重机应用、汽车和包含可能施加剪切力的螺栓和销的其它各种应用可以配备有根据本发明各方面的传感器组件。传统上,利用应变计的剪切力传感器被设计成使它们有意地弱化以提供足够变形,从而允许测量所施加的载荷。然而,该传感器组件的磁弹性作用区域提供了设计没有弱化位置且具有显著更高的过载能力的螺栓的可能性。具有集成的磁弹性作用区域的载荷销提供了检测销、螺钉、螺栓等中的剪切力的可能性。
根据另一方面,提供了一种确定载荷矢量的方向的方法。在所述方法内,提供了根据本发明各方面的传感器组件。换言之,提供了一种传感器组件,其可以包括具有第一和第二通孔的第一部分。该传感器组件可以进一步包括具有第三和第四通孔的第二部分。第三和第四通孔可以对应于第一和第二通孔定位。该传感器组件可以进一步包括第一销和第二销。第一销可以布置成使得其延伸穿过第一和第三通孔,并且第二销可以布置成使得其延伸穿过第二和第四通孔,以便将第一部分联接至第二部分。第一和第二销中的至少一个可以包括至少一个磁弹性作用区域,其可以直接或间接地附接至或形成销的一部分,从而将销上的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域。磁弹性作用区域可以包括至少一个磁极化区域,使得磁极化区域的极化可以随着所施加应力的增加而变得越来越螺旋形。该传感器组件可以进一步包括磁场传感器器件,其可以布置为接近至少一个磁弹性作用区域。磁场传感器器件可以构造成输出对应于可以从磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号。磁场传感器器件可以包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器,其可以构造成确定至少一个方向上的剪切力。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器可以特别地布置成与销具有预定且固定的空间坐标,其中该销可以是至少部分中空的。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器可以布置在该销的内部内。
此外,在根据另一方面的方法内,第一销和第二销可以暴露于载荷。可以处理至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器的测量数据,以便确定由第二部分和第一部分施加到第一和/或第二销8、9上的剪切应力和/或拉伸或压缩应力。
具体而言,力F的方向可以由测量数据(一方面)以及方向敏感磁场传感器、第一销、第二销与载荷点之间的预定且已知的空间坐标来确定。
力F经由第二部分5施加到传感器组件。
已经关于根据本发明各方面的包括磁弹性作用区域的传感器组件提到的相同或类似的优点以相同或类似的方式应用于确定载荷矢量的方向的方法,并且将不再重复。
附图说明
本发明的进一步的方面和特征由参考附图对本发明的优选实施例的以下描述得出,其中:
图1是包括用于力感测的传感器组件的牵引联接器的简化透视图,
图2是牵引联接器的简化分解图,
图3是第二部分的简化分解透视图,
图4是传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图5a是销的简化剖视图,
图5b是销的另一简化剖视图,
图6是用于力感测的传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图7是传感器组件的另一简化剖视图,
图8是用于力感测的传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图9是检测第一简化载荷工况的传感器组件的简化侧视图,
图10是检测第二简化载荷工况的传感器组件的简化俯视图,
图11是检测第三简化载荷工况的传感器组件的简化俯视图,
图12是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz的传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图13是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图14是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图,
图15是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图,以及
图16是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
图17是包括用于力感测的传感器组件的牵引联接器的简化透视图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明各方面的包括用于力感测的传感器组件1的牵引联接器的简化透视图;图2是牵引联接器的简化分解图。
用于力感测的传感器组件1包括具有第一通孔3和第二通孔4的第一部分2(支撑轭)、具有第三通孔6和第四通孔7的第二部分5(接收管)。第三和第四通孔6、7对应于第一和第二通孔3、4定位。
第二部分限定了具有纵向方向X、横向方向Y和竖直方向Z的笛卡尔坐标系。纵向方向X在第二部分的纵向延伸方向上延伸。横向方向Y在垂直于纵向方向X的方向上且在水平面中延伸。竖直方向Z在垂直于纵向方向X和横向方向Y的方向上延伸。
传感器组件1进一步包括第一销8和第二销9。第一销8布置成使得其延伸穿过第一和第三通孔3、6。第二销9布置成使得其延伸穿过第二和第四通孔4、7。第一部分2经由第一和第二销8、9联接至第二部分5。
第一和第二销8、9中的至少一个包括至少一个磁弹性作用区域10(参见图4),其直接或间接地附接至或形成销8、9的一部分,从而将销8、9的机械应力传递到该磁弹性作用区域。
磁弹性作用区域10包括至少一个磁极化区域,使得极化区域的极化随着施加应力的增加而变得越来越螺旋形。
所述至少一个销8、9进一步包括磁场传感器器件,其布置为接近所述至少一个磁弹性作用区域10,用于输出对应于从磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器构造成用于确定至少一个方向上的剪切力。
该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L尤其布置成与相应的销8、9具有预定且固定的空间坐标。
包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L的销8、9是至少部分中空的。该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L布置在销8、9的内部。
第一通孔3和第三通孔6构造成使得它们以正配合方式包围第一销8。换言之,第一销8延伸穿过第一和第三通孔3、6,并且第一销8通过邻接通孔的表面以至少两个旋转自由度和至少两个平移自由度被支撑。
第二销9以正配合方式被第二通孔4包围。换言之,第二销9延伸穿过第二通孔4,并且第二销9通过邻接第二通孔4的表面以至少两个旋转自由度和至少两个平移自由度被支撑。
第四通孔7构造成使得第二销9在第四通孔7内具有一个附加的移动自由度(相比于第一销8在第三通孔6中而言)。换句话说,第二销9延伸穿过第四通孔7,并且第二销9通过邻接通孔的表面以至少两个旋转自由度和至少一个平移自由度被支撑。第二销9在第四通孔7中的平移自由度的数量比第一销8在第三通孔6中的平移自由度的数量多一个。
附加的自由度是在纵向方向X上延伸的平移自由度。
第一部分2具有轭状形状,其中第一部分的轭腿11包括第一通孔3和第二通孔4。
第二部分5具有管状形状,其中第二部分5的侧壁和/或中心壁包括第三通孔6和第四通孔7。
方向敏感磁场传感器(或多个方向敏感磁场传感器)构造成检测由第一部分2和第二部分5引入到销8、9中的剪切力的力分量。
第一和/或第二销8、9在所有六个自由度上以预定方式固定地附接至第一部分2。螺栓12将销8、9(经由销的附接凸缘)拧紧到第一部分2的轭腿11。
第二部分5包括在纵向方向X和竖直方向Z上延伸的中心壁13,第三通孔6和第四通孔7延伸穿过中心壁13。
第一部分2具有轭状形状,其中第一部分2的轭腿11包括第一和第二通孔3、4,并且其中,中心壁包括第三和第四通孔6、7。
方向敏感磁场传感器L构造成检测由第一部分2和第二部分5引入到销8、9中的剪切力的力分量。
第二部分5的侧壁14包括位于侧壁中的大于第三和第四通孔6、7的通孔,使得剪切力通过轭腿11中的第一和第二通孔3、4的邻接表面以及中心壁13中的第三和第四通孔6、7的邻接表面引入到销8、9中。
牵引联接器100包括传感器组件1。第一部分2是附接至汽车的底盘101的挂接组件。
第二部分5是接收管,其构造成接收牵引联接器100的拉杆102(挂接杆、球座)。拉杆102可以部分地插入第二部分5中。销103将拉杆102固定到第二部分5。
图3是第二部分的简化分解图。第二部分5具有管状(挤出)形状,包括沿着纵向方向X延伸的竖直中心壁。
中心壁13包括第三通孔6和第四通孔7。
中心壁13可以焊接到第二部分5中的相应狭缝中。中心壁13由此形成第二部分5的一部分。
第二部分5进一步包括拉杆阻挡部99。拉杆阻挡部可以由中心壁13的邻接表面形成。替代地,拉杆阻挡部可以由邻接边缘或延伸(沿大致径向方向)到管状第二部分的内部的螺栓/销形成。拉杆阻挡部99阻止拉杆接触第一和第二销8、9。
图4是传感器组件的简化剖视图。第一和第二销8、9延伸穿过第一部分2中的第一通孔3和第二通孔4,并穿过第二部分5中的第三通孔6和第四通孔7。
第一和/或第二销8、9是至少部分中空销。中空销可以由前覆盖件15和后覆盖件17密封。后覆盖件17可提供线缆套管,以提供用于供应和/或信号线17的通路。
销8、9包括多个方向敏感场传感器L。印刷电路板18支撑所述方向敏感场传感器L。
销8、9可以包括具有相对低磁导率(相比于销8、9的中空轴而言)的一个或更多个套环19,其布置成使得一个或更多个套环19的位置基本上对应于第一和/或第二部分中的通孔3、4、6、7的各位置中的一个或更多个。
替代地,通孔3、4、6、7中的一个或更多个可以包括具有相对低磁导率(相比于销8、9的中空轴而言)的套环/套管19。
第一部分2和第二部分5可以构造成在第一部分2与第二部分5之间提供间隙。该间隙可以包括低磁导率(相比于销8、9的中空轴而言)的材料。
图5a、图5b是第一和/或第二销8、9的简化剖视图。
第一和/或第二销8、9包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22。
第一磁弹性作用区域21直接或间接地附接至或形成销8、9的一部分,使得施加到销8、9的机械(剪切)应力至少部分地传递到第一磁弹性作用区域21。
第二磁弹性作用区域22直接或间接地附接至或形成销8、9的一部分,使得施加到销8、9的机械(剪切)应力至少部分地传递到第二磁弹性作用区域22。
每个磁弹性作用区域包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器Lx1、Lz1,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域21,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号。
磁传感器器件包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器Lx2、Lz2,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号。
第一和第二销8、9中的至少一个包括至少一个X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx,其构造成检测由第二部分5的纵向延伸方向限定的纵向方向X上的力分量Fx1。
第一和第二销8、9中的至少一个包括至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz,其构造成检测竖直方向Z上的力分量Fz1,该竖直方向基本上垂直于纵向方向X,并且垂直于第一和第二销8、9中的至少一个的纵向延伸的横向方向Y。
有利地,第一和/或第二销8、9包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成相应的销8、9的一部分,从而将施加到销8、9的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器L1,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号。
磁传感器器件包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器L2,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号。
第一和/或第二销8、9包括至少一个相应的第一X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的力分量Fx1。
第一和/或第二销8、9包括至少一个相应的第二X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿纵向方向X的力分量Fx2。
第一和/或第二销8、9包括至少一个相应的第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz1。
第一和/或第二销8、9包括至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz2。
传感器器件包括具有第一至第四感测方向的至少四个磁场传感器L,其中感测方向S和轴线A(比较图6和图7)至少基本上彼此平行。第一至第四磁场传感器沿着销的周边布置,在周向方向上彼此之间具有基本上相等的距离。
至少一个磁弹性作用区域沿着相应销的周边突出,并且其中所述区域被磁化,其中磁极化区域中的磁畴磁化沿着构件的周向方向。
图6是根据本发明实施例的传感器组件1的简化剖视图。传感器组件1包括第一部分2,其经由销8、9联接至第二部分5。第一部分2受到指向左侧的第一剪切力FS1。第二部分5暴露于指向右侧的第二且相反的剪切力FS2。销8、9包括磁弹性作用区域21,其布置在第一和第二部分2、5之间的过渡处。因此,作用区域21受到剪切力,导致从所述作用区域21的磁极化区域发出的磁通量随着剪切力FS1、FS2的增加而变得越来越螺旋形。销8、9的传感器器件包括沿着销8、9的内周边布置的四个方向敏感磁场传感器Lx1、Lx2、Lz1、Lz2。
通过参考图7中所示的传感器组件1的简化剖视图,更详细地解释方向敏感磁场传感器Lx1、Lx2、Lz1、Lz2的构造。该剖视平面布置成基本上垂直于轴线A。第一方向敏感传感器Lx1和第三方向敏感传感器Lx2形成第一组磁场传感器。第二组传感器包括第二方向敏感传感器Lz1和第四方向敏感传感器Lz2。第一传感器Lx1的感测方向Sx1与第三传感器Lx2的第三感测方向Sx2相反180°。这在图中使用常规符号表示。第一感测方向Sx1从纸平面指出,第三感测方向Sx2指向纸平面。类似于第一组传感器Lx1、Lx2,第二感测方向Sz1和第四感测方向Sz2彼此相反180°。相应地布置第二和第四传感器Lz1、Lz2。如利用众所周知的方向符号所表示的,第二感测方向Sz1从纸平面指出,而第四感测方向Sz2指向纸平面。
第二传感器Lz1(具有第二感测方向Sz1)和第四传感器Lz2(具有第四感测方向Sz2)在图7的简化剖视图中示出。第一传感器Lx1和第一感测方向Sx1被添加到图7的简化剖视图中,仅用于说明传感器的构造。当然,第一传感器Lx1没有与第二和第四传感器Sz1、Sz2布置在共同的平面中,如图7的剖视图所示。
当销8、9暴露于第一和第二剪切应力FS1、FS2时,分析第一组传感器(包括第一和第三传感器Lx1、Lx2)的信号,以便确定力F的引起相应的剪切应力FS1、FS2的第一分量。在笛卡尔坐标系中,该第一分量可以用所施加力F的X分量Fx来标识。对第二组传感器(即第二传感器Lz1和第四传感器Lz2)的测量值的评估产生针对力F的第二分量的值。在相同的笛卡尔坐标系内,该第二力用力F的Z分量(即力分量Fz)来标识。
图8是根据本发明另一实施例的磁弹性传感器组件2的剖视图。第一部分2围绕第二部分5,其暴露于力F。销8、9沿着轴线A与第一和第二部分2、5相交。销8、9包括第一磁弹性作用区域261和第二磁弹性作用区域262。类似于本发明的其它实施例,这些直接或间接地附接至或形成销8、9的一部分,从而将机械应力传递到作用区域261、262。作用区域261、262在相反方向上被磁极化。这由第一作用区域261的第一极化P61和第二作用区域262的第二极化P62示出。磁极化P61、P62基本上彼此相反180°。此外,它们基本上垂直于轴线A。
包括第一传感器L1和第二传感器L2的第一对磁场传感器布置在销8、9内部,其中该对传感器与第一作用区域261配合。类似地,包括第一和第二传感器L1*和L2*的第二对磁场传感器布置在销8、9内部,以便与第二作用区域262相互作用。第一对传感器L1、L2和第二对传感器L1*、L2*分别布置为接近第一和第二磁弹性作用区域261、262。第一对传感器L1、L2输出第一信号S,其在图8的左下方被示为电压V,该电压V随着所施加力F而变化。信号S对应于从第一磁极化区域261发出的应力诱导磁通量。
类似地,第二对磁传感器L1*、L2*输出对应于从第二磁极化区域262发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号S*。该信号S*也是随所施加力F而变化的电压V*(参见图8的右下方)。然而,第二信号S*的斜率与第一信号S的斜率相反。磁弹性传感器组件的控制单元(未示出)构造成用于确定引起销8、9中的应力的力F。控制单元对第一对传感器L1、L2和第二对传感器L1*、L2*的信号S和S*进行差分评估。该差分评估有利地使信号的灵敏度加倍,这与施加的应力相关。因为第一和第二磁作用区域261、262的极化P61和P62彼此相反,所以理论上补偿了可能的外部场。根据该实施例的磁弹性传感器组件更敏感并且更不容易出错。
有利地,本发明的所有实施例可以配备有图8的传感器构造,其具有分离的、相反的极化作用区域261、262和两个相应的传感器组(即对)L1、L2和L1*、L2*。
此外,图8的实施例可以配备有传感器构造,其从图6或图7中的载荷销已知。换言之,传感器对L1、L2和L1*、L2*可以由具有四个传感器对Lx11/Lx12、Lx21/Lx22、Lz11/Lz12、Lz21/Lz22的传感器构造替代,其在图5中示例性示出。根据本发明的该特定实施例,可以确定附加的力矢量。
图9是检测简化的第一载荷工况的传感器组件1的简化侧视图。力F具有在竖直方向Z上的竖直力分量Fz。力F经由第二部分5并且更精确地经由拉杆102的球形联接器104施加到传感器组件。
为了确定力分量Fz,必须求解以下方程组。
(1) Fz*d1 = Fz1*d2
(2) Fz*d3 = Fz2*d2
(3) Fz = Fz1+Fz2
(4) d1 = Fz1*d2/(Fz1+Fz2)
(5) d3 = Fz2*d2/(Fz1+Fz2)
F1是第一销8上的反作用力,F2是第二销9上的反作用力。D2是第一和第二销8、9(的轴线)之间的距离。D1是载荷点(球形联接器)与第二销(的轴线)之间的距离。D3是载荷点与第一销(的轴线)之间的距离。
图10是检测简化的第二载荷工况的传感器组件的简化俯视图。该力具有在横向方向Y上的横向力分量Fy,经由第二部分5并且更确切地说经由拉杆102的球形联接器104施加到传感器组件1。
第四通孔7在纵向方向X上提供自由度。
横向力分量Fy产生作用在第一销8的第一磁弹性作用区域21上的沿纵向方向X的第一反作用力Fx2以及作用在第一销8的第二磁弹性作用区域22上的沿纵向方向X的第二反作用力Fx1。
为了确定力分量Fy,必须求解以下方程组。
(6) Fy*d3 = Fx1*d2
(7) Fy*d3 = Fx2*d2
(8) Fx1 = -Fx2
图11是检测简化的第三载荷工况的传感器组件的简化俯视图。该力具有在纵向方向X上的纵向力分量Fx,经由第二部分5并且更确切地说经由拉杆102的球形联接器104施加到传感器组件1。
第四通孔7在纵向方向X上提供自由度。
纵向力分量Fx产生作用在第一销8的第一磁弹性作用区域21上的沿纵向方向X的第一反作用力Fx2以及作用在第一销8的第二磁弹性作用区域22上的沿纵向方向X的第二反作用力Fx1。
为了确定力分量Fx,必须求解以下方程。
(9) Fx = Fx1+Fx2
图12是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
第一销8包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成第一销8的一部分,从而将施加到第一销8的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域21、22。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号。
磁传感器器件进一步包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号。
第一销8包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz1。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz2。
第二销9是裸销(naked pin),即第二销不包括磁弹性作用区域,也不包括方向敏感磁场传感器。
换句话说,第一销8包括至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11和至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21。
第一和第二销8、9刚性地固定在第一部分2的第一和第二通孔3、4内。
第三和第四通孔6、7可以在第二部分5的邻接表面与第一和第二销8、9之间提供最小间隙。
图13是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
第一销8包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成第一销8的一部分,从而将施加到第一销8的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域21、22。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一和第三方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lz11,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号和第三信号。
磁传感器器件进一步包括至少一个第二和第四方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lz21,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号和第四信号。
第一销8包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz11。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz12。
第一销8包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx2。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx1。
第二销9包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz21。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz22。
换句话说,第一销8包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11以及至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21。第二销9包括至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11和至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21。
第一和第二销8、9刚性地固定在第一部分2的第一和第二通孔3、4内。
第三和第四通孔6、7可以在第二部分5的邻接表面与第一和第二销8、9之间提供最小间隙。
图14是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
第一销8包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成第一销8的一部分,从而将施加到第一销8的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域21、22。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一和第三方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lz11,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号和第三信号。
磁传感器器件进一步包括至少一个第二和第四方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lz21,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号和第四信号。
第一销8包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz11。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz12。
第一销8包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx2。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx1。
第二销9包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz21。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz22。
第二销9包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx10。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx20。
因此,第二销9的构造基本上类似于第一销8的构造。
换句话说,第一销8包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、至少一个第一Z方向磁场传感器Lz11以及至少一个第二Z方向磁场传感器Lz21。第二销包括至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、至少一个第一Z方向磁场传感器Lz11以及至少一个第二Z方向磁场传感器Lz21。
然而,第一和第二纵向力分量Fx10、Fx20相对较小(例如,由第四通孔7的抵接表面与第二销9之间的摩擦产生)或基本上为零。这是纵向方向X上的附加平移自由度的直接结果,该自由度由第二部分5中的第四通孔7提供。
第一和第二销8、9刚性地固定在第一部分2的第一和第二通孔3、4内。
第三和第四通孔6、7可以在第二部分5的邻接表面与第一和第二销8、9之间提供最小间隙。
图15是构造成检测载荷F的竖直载荷分量Fz、横向载荷分量Fy和纵向载荷分量Fx的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
第一销8包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成第一销8的一部分,从而将施加到第一销8的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域21、22。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一和第三方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lz11,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号和第三信号。
磁传感器器件进一步包括至少一个第二和第四方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lz21,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号和第四信号。
第一销8包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz11。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz12。
第一销8包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx2。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx1。
第二销9包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz21。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz22。
第二销9包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx22。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx21。
因此,第一销8的一般构造基本上类似于图14中所示的第一销的构造。
第二销9的一般构造基本上类似于第一销8的构造。
第一和第二销8、9刚性地固定在第一部分2的第一和第二通孔3、4内。
第三和第四通孔6、7可以在第二部分5的邻接表面与第一和第二销8、9之间提供最小间隙。可选地,第四通孔7可以不提供最小间隙,使得第二销9刚性地固定在第三和第四通孔7内。
图16是构造成检测第一载荷工况、第二载荷工况和第三载荷工况的传感器组件的简化剖视图。
第一销8包括第一磁弹性作用区域21和第二磁弹性作用区域22,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成第一销8的一部分,从而将施加到第一销8的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域21、22。
每个磁弹性作用区域21、22包括磁极化区域。
第一磁弹性作用区域21的磁极化和第二磁弹性作用区域22的磁极化可以基本上彼此相反。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11,其布置为接近第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从第一磁极化区域21发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号。
磁传感器器件进一步包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21,其布置为接近第二磁弹性作用区域22,用于输出对应于从第二磁极化区域22发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号和第四信号。
第一销8包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一销8的第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz11。
第一销8进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第一销8的第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的竖力分量Fz12。
第一销8不包括X方向敏感磁场传感器。
因此,第一销8的一般构造基本上类似于图12中所示的第一销8的一般构造。
第二销9包括第一和第三Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz11、Lz12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz21。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四Z方向敏感磁场传感器Lz21、Lz22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿竖直方向Z的竖直力分量Fz22。
第二销9包括第一和第三X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx11、Lx12,其构造成检测在第一磁弹性作用区域21中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx22。
第二销9进一步包括第二和第四X方向敏感磁场传感器Lx21、Lx22,其构造成检测在第二磁弹性作用区域22中沿纵向方向X的纵向力分量Fx21。
因此,第二销9通常包括与图15中所示的第二销9的一般构造基本上类似的构造。
第一和第二销8、9刚性地固定在第一部分2的第一和第二通孔3、4内。
第三和第四通孔6、7可以在第二部分5的邻接表面与第一和第二销8、9之间提供最小间隙。可选地,第四通孔7可以不提供最小间隙,使得第二销9刚性地固定在第三和第四通孔7内。
图17是包括用于感测力F(分量)的传感器组件的牵引联接器的简化透视图。用于感测力F的传感器组件1包括具有第一和第二通孔3、4的第一部分2(附接组件、支撑轭)。
传感器组件1进一步包括具有第三和第四通孔6、7的第二部分5(拖车挂接件、牵引钩)。第三和第四通孔6、7对应于第一和第二通孔3、4定位。
传感器组件1进一步包括第一销8和第二销9。第一销8布置成使得其延伸穿过第一和第三通孔3、6。第二销9布置成使得其延伸穿过第二和第四通孔4、7。
第一部分2经由第一和第二销8、9联接至第二部分5。
第一和第二销8、9中的至少一个包括至少一个磁弹性作用区域10,其直接或间接地附接至或形成销8、9的一部分,从而将销上的机械应力传递到磁弹性作用区域。
磁弹性作用区域10包括至少一个磁极化区域,使得极化区域的极化随着施加应力的增加而变得越来越螺旋形。
所述至少一个销8、9进一步包括磁场传感器器件,其布置为接近所述至少一个磁弹性作用区域10,用于输出对应于从磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号。
磁场传感器器件包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L,其构造成用于确定至少一个方向上的剪切力。
该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L布置成与销8、9具有预定且固定的空间坐标。
包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L的销8、9是至少部分中空的。
该至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器L布置在销8、9的内部。
第一和第二销8、9基本上沿着竖直方向Z布置。销8、9在横向方向Y上延伸。纵向方向垂直于竖直方向Z和横向方向Y,以限定笛卡尔坐标系。必须相应地改变必须被求解以便确定相应载荷分量的方程系。
本发明的进一步的特征和方面(已经相对于前述实施例进行了描述)也可以应用于该实施例。
传感器组件1是牵引联接器100的一部分。第一部分2构造成附接至汽车的底盘。第二部分5提供球头104,其构造成联接至拖车。
方向敏感传感器L可以是矢量传感器。具体而言,可以应用霍尔效应、磁阻、磁晶体管、磁二极管、MAGFET场传感器或磁通门磁力计传感器。这有利地适用于本发明的所有实施例。
根据本发明各方面的用于力感测的传感器组件有利地适用于载荷检测牵引联接器,适用于农场设备中的载荷检测,和/或适用于建筑设备中的载荷检测。
尽管本文已具体描述了所公开发明的某些当前优选的实施例,但是对于本发明所属领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下对本文示出和描述的各种实施例进行变化和修改。因此,本发明旨在仅限于所附权利要求和适用法规所要求的范围。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于力感测的传感器组件,其包括:具有第一和第二通孔的第一部分;具有第三和第四通孔的第二部分,所述第三和第四通孔对应于所述第一和第二通孔定位,所述传感器组件进一步包括:第一销和第二销,其中,所述第一销布置为使得其延伸穿过所述第一和第三通孔,并且所述第二销布置为使得其延伸穿过所述第二和第四通孔,以便将所述第一部分联接至所述第二部分,其中,所述第一和第二销中的至少一个包括至少一个磁弹性作用区域,其直接或间接地附接至或形成所述销的一部分,从而将所述销上的机械应力传递到所述磁弹性作用区域,所述磁弹性作用区域包括至少一个磁极化区域,使得所述极化区域的极化随着所施加应力的增加而变得越来越螺旋形;以及磁场传感器器件,其布置为接近所述至少一个磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从所述磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的信号,所述磁场传感器器件包括至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成确定至少一个方向上的剪切力,其中,所述至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器尤其布置成与所述销具有预定且固定的空间坐标,并且其中包括所述至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器的销是至少部分中空的,并且所述至少一个方向敏感磁场传感器布置在所述销的内部内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一和第二销中的至少一个包括:至少一个X方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在纵向方向X上的力分量Fx1,该纵向方向由所述第二部分的纵向延伸方向限定;和/或至少一个Z方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在竖直方向Z上的力分量Fz1,该竖直方向基本上垂直于所述纵向方向X并且垂直于所述第一和第二销中的至少一个的纵向延伸的横向方向Y。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一通孔和第三通孔构造成使得它们以正配合方式包围所述第一销。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第二销被所述第二通孔以正配合方式包围,并且所述第四通孔构造成使得所述第二销在所述第四通孔内具有一个附加的移动自由度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传感器组件,其中,所述至少一个附加自由度包括在所述纵向方向X上延伸的平移自由度。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一和/或第二销包括第一磁弹性作用区域和第二磁弹性作用区域,二者直接或间接地附接至或形成所述销的一部分,从而将机械应力传递到所述磁弹性作用区域,每个磁弹性作用区域包括磁极化区域,特别地,其中所述第一磁弹性作用区域的磁极化和所述第二磁弹性作用区域的磁极化基本上彼此相反,并且其中,所述磁场传感器器件包括至少一个第一方向敏感磁场传感器,其布置为接近所述第一磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从所述第一磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的第一信号,并且所述磁传感器器件包括至少一个第二方向敏感磁场传感器,其布置为接近所述第二磁弹性作用区域,用于输出对应于从所述第二磁极化区域发出的应力诱导磁通量的第二信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一和/或第二销包括:
至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在所述第一磁弹性作用区域中沿纵向方向X的力分量Fx1;和/或
至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在所述第二磁弹性作用区域中沿纵向方向X的力分量Fx2;和/或
至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在所述第一磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz1;和/或
至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器,其构造成检测在所述第二磁弹性作用区域中沿竖直方向Z的力分量Fz2。
8.根据权利要求7所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一销包括所述至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器和所述至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器。
9.根据权利要求7所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一销包括所述至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器、以及所述至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器,并且其中所述第二销包括所述至少一个第一Z方向敏感磁场传感器以及所述至少一个第二Z方向敏感磁场传感器。
10.根据权利要求7所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一销包括所述至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第一Z方向磁场传感器以及所述至少一个第二Z方向磁场传感器,并且其中所述第二销包括所述至少一个第一X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第二X方向敏感磁场传感器、所述至少一个第一Z方向磁场传感器以及所述至少一个第二Z方向磁场传感器。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第二部分包括沿纵向方向X和竖直方向Z延伸的中心壁,所述第三和第四通孔延伸穿过所述中心壁。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一和/或第二销在预定位置固定地附接至所述第一部分。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一部分具有轭状形状,其中所述第一部分的轭腿包括所述第一和第二通孔,并且其中所述第二部分具有管状形状,其中所述第二部分的侧壁包括所述第三和第四通孔,其中,所述方向敏感磁场传感器构造成检测由所述第一部分和所述第二部分引入到所述销中的剪切力的力分量。
14.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的传感器组件,如果从属于权利要求11,其中,所述第一部分具有轭状形状,其中所述第一部分的轭腿包括所述第一和第二通孔,并且其中所述中心壁包括所述第三和第四通孔,其中所述方向敏感磁场传感器构造成检测由所述第一部分和所述第二部分引入到所述销中的剪切力的力分量,特别地,其中所述第二部分的侧壁包括在所述侧壁中的大于所述第三和第四通孔的通孔,使得剪切力通过所述轭腿中的第一和第二通孔的邻接表面以及所述中心壁中的第三和第四通孔的邻接表面引入到所述销中。
15.一种牵引联接器,其包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器组件,其中,所述第一部分是挂接组件,其构造成附接至汽车底盘,并且其中所述第二部分是牵引钩或接收管,其构造成接收所述牵引联接器的拉杆。
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EP3379222B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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US20200298638A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
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