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CN110494671A - 用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承 - Google Patents

用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承 Download PDF

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CN110494671A
CN110494671A CN201880024518.5A CN201880024518A CN110494671A CN 110494671 A CN110494671 A CN 110494671A CN 201880024518 A CN201880024518 A CN 201880024518A CN 110494671 A CN110494671 A CN 110494671A
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hydraulic support
damping
vibration
counter balance
hydraulic
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CN110494671B (zh
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M·伦巴赫
R·霍尔茨
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Wiebuck Corp
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Wiebuck Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/105—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of partitions between two working chambers
    • F16F13/107—Passage design between working chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/102—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of flexible walls of equilibration chambers; decoupling or self-tuning means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/26—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions
    • F16F13/262—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions changing geometry of passages between working and equilibration chambers, e.g. cross-sectional area or length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/04—Frequency effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/20—Location of equilibration chamber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于支撑机动车组件的液压支承，其包括支承座部(3)和支撑部(4)，其中可填充有液压流体的工作腔(6)形成在所述支承座部(3)中，而可填充有液压流体的平衡腔(7)形成在所述支撑部(4)中，其中喷嘴盘(2)布置在所述支承座部(3)和所述支撑部(4)之间，喷嘴盘可被流过并且将所述平衡腔(7)与工作腔(6)定界分开，其中用于将所述工作腔(6)与所述平衡腔(7)流体连通的阻尼通道(14)形成在所述喷嘴盘(2)中，两个腔室(6,7)、所述阻尼通道(14)和液压流体形成用于阻尼尤其较低频率的振动的第一阻尼系统(16)，并且第二阻尼系统(27)设计成阻尼较高频率的振动。根据本发明，所述第二阻尼系统(27)具有在所述平衡腔(7)和设计用于减缓空转振动的减振通道(17)之间的溢流连通机构(26)。

Description

用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承。
背景技术
用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承是已知的。该液压支承被用于将动力总成单元(例如内燃机动力总成单元)安装在机动车的车身梁架上。该液压支承通常被设计为液压弹性安装件。当车辆运行时，转动和/或平移移动的动力总成单元部件造成了振动。当动力总成单元被附接至车身梁架时，这些振动须被阻尼、优选被消除以降低噪音。为此目的，液压支承布置在车身梁架和动力总成单元之间。
除了液压支承的可能噪音之外，在改进液压支承时还须考虑可能的气穴现象，气穴现象可能由在液压支承的两个腔室之间的液压流体交换所引起。取决于作用于液压支承的振动，在液压流体中可能产生气泡，气泡除了在破裂期间的大噪音外还可能损坏液压支承。这两个腔室基本上借助隔膜被相互分隔开，其中液压流体经由连接两个腔室的阻尼通道交换。
公开出版物DE112013002243T5公开了一种用于安装具有泄压阀的机动车动力总成单元的液压支承。泄压阀设计成被集成到隔膜中。
专利文献DE102010045277B4公开了一种用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承，该液压支承的隔膜是波纹状的并具有在腔室之间的压力差过大的情况下起效的泄压缝。
专利文献EP2180207B1公开了一种用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承，液压支承具有将工作腔与平衡腔连通的阻尼通道和将腔室与中间腔连通的溢流通道，阻尼通道和溢流通道或仅溢流通道打开以便阻尼。
公开出版物JP2003148548A1公开了一种用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承，其中如果工作腔中的真空大于工作腔的预设真空，则短路阀打开。
公开出版物DE3501628C3、DE2632670C2和DE4218110A1公开了一种用于安装机动车单元的液压支承，液压支承具有平行于阻尼通道的旁路，从而在腔室内隔膜在相同压力下承受载荷时可实现不同的压力降低。
发明内容
本发明的问题是提供一种改进的用于安装机动车动力总成单元的液压支承。
根据本发明，该问题通过具有权利要求1的特征的、用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承来解决。在从属权利要求中指明了具有本发明的并非微不足道的适当改进方案的有利实施例。
根据本发明的用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承具有支承座部和支撑部。可填充有液压流体的工作腔形成在所述支承座部中，而可填充有液压流体的平衡腔形成在所述支撑部中，其中喷嘴盘布置在所述支承座部和所述支撑部之间，该喷嘴盘可被流过并且将从所述平衡腔和工作腔定界分开。用于将所述工作腔与所述平衡腔流体连通的阻尼通道形成在所述喷嘴盘中，这两个腔室、所述阻尼通道和液压流体形成用于阻尼尤其较低频率的振动的第一阻尼系统。液压支承具有用于阻尼较高频率的振动的第二阻尼系统。所述第二阻尼系统具有在所述平衡腔和设计用于减缓空转振动的减振通道之间的溢流连通机构。换句话说，实现了液压流体从平衡腔溢流进入减振通道。优点是引起更宽广的特性曲线扩展。换句话说，该阻尼覆盖了更大的频率范围。另一优点是在液压支承中形成的最大压力随之而来降低，由此明显减小气穴现象趋势。这意味着，本发明的液压支承相比于现有技术的液压支承具有更长的使用寿命。本发明的液压支承实现了更好的行驶舒适性，同时减小噪音。
为了实现低成本的液压支承，溢流连通机构被设计成泄压槽孔形式。该泄压槽孔可通过例如低成本的铣削加工来形成。
在根据本发明的液压支承的另一设计中，所述溢流连通机构形成在夹紧盘的远离隔膜形成的盘表面上。此设计的优点一方面是溢流连通机构直接面向平衡腔来取向，另一方面是事实上它不能被可移动的隔膜覆盖或至少部分关闭。因此，溢流是可能的而不会潜在影响到溢流量。
尤其是彼此均匀间隔形成的三个溢流连通机构已被证明对于获得噪音减小是特别有效的。
在根据本发明的液压支承的另一实施例中，所述夹紧盘具有用于将盖盘和所述隔膜定中的销。
如果该销是中空圆柱形的且设计成与减振通道同心，则溢流连通机构须布置在该销上，其中，尤其在以泄压槽孔形式构成的情况下建立泄压槽孔与减振通道和平衡腔的直接连通。
附图说明
本发明的进一步优点、特征和细节来自以下对优选实施例以及附图的描述。在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，在说明书中提及的特征和特征组合以及在附图说明中提及的和/或仅在附图中被示出的特征和特征组合不仅可按照分别所指出的组合方式来使用，也可按照其它组合方式来使用或单独使用。相同的或功能相同的零部件带有相同的附图标记。附图示出了:
图1是根据现有技术的液压支承的喷嘴盘的俯视图；
图2是根据本发明的液压支承的喷嘴盘的俯视图；和
图3是根据本发明的液压支承的剖视图。
具体实施方式
根据现有技术所设计的用于安装机动车(未详细示出)的动力总成单元的液压支承1具有图1所示的液压支承1的喷嘴盘2。图2示出了根据本发明的液压支承1的喷嘴盘2。根据本发明的液压支承1在图3中以剖视图被示出。
液压支承1包括通过由弹性材料制成的托簧5彼此连接的支承座部3和支撑部4。工作腔6形成在支承座部3中，该工作腔被设计成借助喷嘴盘2与支撑部4的平衡腔7分隔开。两个腔室6、7经由喷嘴盘2可相互流通地相连。
喷嘴盘2呈三件式构成并具有夹紧盘8、盖盘9和布置在夹紧盘8和盖盘9之间的隔膜10，隔膜可振动地布置在喷嘴盘2中。
夹紧盘8和盖盘9同轴布置并具有完全穿透它们的多个连通开口11，这些连通开口对准定位且借助隔膜10被彼此分隔开。为了盖盘9和隔膜10的径向和轴向定位，夹紧盘8具有带贯通孔13的中空圆柱形销12。
在夹紧盘8和盖盘9之间形成有阻尼通道14，该阻尼通道被设计用于液压流体从工作腔6溢流进入平衡腔7，或反之。在它面对平衡腔7的一侧，阻尼通道14具有形成在盖盘9中的流通开口15。在夹紧盘8中形成有未详细示出的另一个流通开口，其朝向工作腔6。液压流体可以经由流通开口15从平衡腔7流入阻尼通道14并从阻尼通道14经另一个流通开口流入工作腔6且再次返回。因此，存在包括腔室6、7、阻尼通道14以及在腔室6、7和阻尼通道14中被引导的液压流体的第一阻尼系统16，该第一阻尼系统被设计用于阻尼较低频率的大振幅振动。
液压支承1的减振通道17设置用于减缓呈内燃机状的动力总成单元的空转振动，该减振通道设计成与液压支承1的纵轴线18同心。减振通道17可借助柱塞19来启闭，该柱塞可沿纵轴线18轴向移动且容纳在减振通道17中。液压支承1被设计成关于纵轴线18是旋转对称的。
根据液压支承1的承载情况，配属于平衡腔7的滚动波纹套20可以膨胀或收缩。此外，滚动波纹套20被用作喷嘴盘2和支撑部4的盖件21之间的密封件并被设计为橡胶隔膜。为此，滚动波纹套20在其外周22具有被容纳在喷嘴盘2的周向槽24中的凸耳23。周向槽24形成在喷嘴盘2的外部段25中。
盖件21被设计成它径向包围喷嘴盘2和滚动波纹套20。在周向槽23区域中，盖件21在液压支承1的纵轴线18的方向上支撑在喷嘴盘2上。根据液压支承1的承载情况，可以在盖件21和喷嘴盘2之间形成接触，由此可能引起金属噪音。进一步地，隔膜10撞击夹紧盘8和盖盘9可引起金属噪音。
为了减小金属噪音，喷嘴盘2有三个泄压槽孔26。泄压槽孔26在夹紧盘8的远离隔膜10形成的盘表面28上形成在销12上。泄压槽孔26将减振通道17与平衡腔7连通，由此形成第二阻尼系统27，第二阻尼系统除液压流体外还包括平衡腔7、减振通道17和泄压槽孔26。第二阻尼系统27适配于比由第一阻尼系统16所掌控的更高的频率。绝无必要形成三个泄压槽孔26。但三个泄压槽孔26及其相互间隔120°均匀布置已被证明特别有效。
有利地，泄压槽孔26可以铣削开设。
借助于泄压槽孔26，相比于现有技术的液压支承1，得到了在本发明液压支承1的频率f上的所谓损耗角δ的特性曲线的明显更宽扩展。与从现有技术中已知的相比，两个阻尼系统16、27产生了频带明显更宽广的阻尼特性。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于安装机动车的动力总成单元的液压支承，具有支承座部(3)和支撑部(4)，其中能填充有液压流体的工作腔(6)形成在所述支承座部(3)中，以及能填充有液压流体的平衡腔(7)形成在所述支撑部(4)中，一个喷嘴盘(2)布置在所述支承座部(3)和所述支撑部(4)之间，所述喷嘴盘能被流过并将所述平衡腔(7)与所述工作腔(6)定界分开，其中用于将所述工作腔(6)与所述平衡腔(7)流体连通的阻尼通道(14)形成在所述喷嘴盘(2)中，两个腔室(6,7)、所述阻尼通道(14)和液压流体形成用于阻尼尤其频率较低的振动的第一阻尼系统(16)，并且其中第二阻尼系统(27)设计成阻尼较高频率的振动，其特征在于，所述第二阻尼系统(27)具有在所述平衡腔(7)和设计用于减缓空转振动的减振通道(17)之间的溢流连通机构(26)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压支承，其特征在于，所述溢流连通机构(26)被设计成泄压槽孔的形式。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压支承，其特征在于，所述溢流连通机构(26)形成在夹紧盘(8)的远离该隔膜(10)所形成的盘表面(28)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液压支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧盘(8)具有三个溢流连通机构(26)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的液压支承，其特征在于，如果形成至少两个溢流连通机构(26)，则它们彼此之间具有相同间距。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的液压支承，其特征在于，所述夹紧盘(8)具有用于将所述盖盘(9)和隔膜(10)定中的销(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液压支承，其特征在于，所述销(12)是中空圆柱形的并设计成与所述第二阻尼系统(27)的减振通道(17)同心。
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