CN110479762B - 一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法。该装置产线短,各部件配置合理;采用多功能控冷装置,将高压水除鳞和中间坯冷却功能集为一体,更加简约高效;采用4R+(3‑4)F的轧机布置、四个温度检测仪和近距离地下卷取机,可降低中间坯冷却负荷,实现对过程的精确温度控制,利于提升产品质量。该方法为:连铸成坯→高压水旋转除鳞→4机架大压下粗轧机组粗轧→转鼓剪→多功能控冷装置中高压水除磷后冷却→3或4机架精轧机组精轧→空冷→高速飞剪分卷→地下卷取机卷取,其中粗轧后、精轧前和后及地下卷取机卷取前分别进行温度监控。该方法能耗和成本低,产品质量好且厚度薄,可更好地满足“以热代冷”的性能要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法,具体涉及一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法。
背景技术
铁素体轧制是20世纪70年代中期比利时Appell教授提出的一项新技术,最初是以简化工艺、节约能源为主要目的,采用传统的连铸坯为原料,通过铁素体轧制生产一种可直接使用的或随后供冷轧生产用的价格便宜、质软、非时效的热轧板。由于低碳和超低碳钢的铁素体区范围相对较大,温度较高,因此目前铁素体轧制技术主要用于低碳和超低碳钢的生产。
基于传统热轧流程的铁素体轧制工艺,由于受到设备能力和工艺特点的限制,其所生产的低碳和超低碳钢厚度一般在2.5mm以上,主要是给后续的冷轧提供热轧原料。同时由于其产线主要是为传统的奥氏体轧制工艺设计,因此铁素体轧制工艺的实施难度大。薄板坯连铸连轧流程的工艺特点,使其能够直接生产出厚度规格在2.0mm以下的薄规格低碳和超低碳热轧带钢产品,实现“以热代冷”。以ESP技术为代表的无头轧制技术的出现,更是进一步增强了薄规格热轧带钢的批量、稳定制造能力。但是由于薄板坯连铸连轧流程产品本质细晶化的特点,使其在生产低碳和超低碳钢时,普遍存在强度偏高的问题,在很大程度上影响了材料的成形性能。铁素体轧制可以在一定程度上粗化晶粒,是改善薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产低碳和超低碳钢强度偏高问题的有效方法。但是现有的包括CSP和ESP在内的薄板坯连铸连轧产线,依旧主要是根据传统的奥氏体轧制工艺设计,铁素体轧制工艺的实施难度大。为在传统薄板坯连铸连轧产线上实现铁素体轧制,专利CN 106244921 B提出了一种在CSP产线采用铁素体轧制工艺生产低碳钢的方法,关键工艺点是采用7机架精轧机中F1、F 2及F 4、F 5、F 6、F 7进行轧制,F3机架虚设,F1-F3机架间冷却水60-90%,通过机架间的冷却,在F4实现纯铁素体轧制。采用铁素体轧制工艺后,材料的强度明显下降,成形性能提高。专利CN201810657331和CN201610768866提出了一种在ESP生产线采用铁素体轧制生产低碳钢的方法,其关键控制要点是对进入第一机架和第二机架之间、第二机架和第三机架之间的带钢进行冷却水冷却,使带钢在进入第三机架前完成奥氏体向铁素体的转变,第三机架至第五机架间轧制带钢时,带钢处于铁素体区,从而实现铁素体轧制。由于在机架间采用水冷对带钢温度进行控制,难度较大且精度难以保证,专利CN201721755853提出了一种铁素体轧制控制系统,其工艺要点是在粗轧与精轧之间采用隧道式均热炉,实现对温度的均匀控制。此外,专利CN201710960186和CN201710960187还分别提出了一种无头连铸连轧深冲用低微碳钢和超深冲用超低碳钢的铁素体轧制方法和装置,采用了新的布置形式,进行了局部改进,但是在轧机的布置形式、中间坯冷却装置的设置、卷取机的设置以及全过程温度的准确检测与控制等方面还无法完全满足铁素体轧制对中间坯温度高的控制精度、对精轧过程和卷取过程“一低两高”严苛的温度控制要求,即采用较低的精轧开轧温度,同时要求较高的终轧温度与卷取温度,以满足铁素体轧制产品内部组织发生再结晶和回复所需的工艺要求。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于低碳和超低碳钢铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置及方法。该装置产线长度短,各部件配置合理,温度控制精确,利用该装置进行铁素体轧制,产品质量高,生产成本和能耗低。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
提供一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,包括连铸机、高压水旋转除鳞装置、4机架大压下粗轧机组、转鼓剪、测温计、多功能控冷装置、3或4机架精轧机组、高速飞剪和地下卷取机;其中,
测温计有四个,分别布设于4机架大压下粗轧机组后、3或4机架精轧机组前和后以及地下卷取机前;
各部件依次按顺序连接。
按上述方案,多功能控冷装置长度为5-10m,优选5-7m,分为两段,前段为高压水除鳞装置,后段为水冷或汽雾冷却装置。
按上述方案,地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,其中最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离L1为10-45m,优选为15-30m,至第二台卷取机的距离L2为15-50m,优选为20-35m;地下卷取机为一台转盘式双卷筒卷取机,与最后1架精轧机的距离为10-50m,优选为15-30m。
提供一种采用上述装置用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,生产工艺流程为连铸成坯→高压水旋转除鳞→4机架的大压下粗轧机组粗轧→转鼓剪→多功能控冷装置中高压除磷后冷却→3或4机架的精轧机组精轧→空冷→高速飞剪分卷→地下卷取机卷取,其中粗轧后、精轧前、精轧后和地下卷取机卷取前分别进行温度监控。
按上述方案,连铸坯粗轧入口温度为1050-1250℃,粗轧出口温度为950-1000℃,粗轧后的中间坯经过多功能控冷装置冷却,冷却速度为20-50℃/s,精轧入口温度为780-880℃,精轧出口温度为700-800℃,经过空冷,卷取温度为650-750℃;钢卷从卷取机卸卷后采用在线保温罩进行保温,或迅速送入保温坑,直至温度降至550℃以下,优选温度降至450℃以下。
按上述方案,粗轧机组每个机架的压下率为40-60%,粗轧出口速度0.5-2.0m/s;3或4机架的精轧机组前2个机架的压下率为40-60%,最后1个机架的压下率为10-25%,其中精轧机组为4个机架时,第三个机架的压下率为20-45%;精轧机组采用润滑压制。
按上述方案,粗轧前高压水旋转除鳞和精轧前多功能控冷装置中高压水除磷的除磷压力均为20-40MPa。
按上述方案,连铸坯厚度范围为70-130mm,连铸拉速4.5-7.0m/min;粗轧出口中间胚厚度为5-15mm;成品厚度0.6-3.0mm。
按上述方案,上述基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法中,所适用的带钢,按百分含量计,为C≤0.05%,Si≤0.1 0%,Mn≤0.20%的低碳或超低碳钢。
本发明提供一种基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,主要针对铁素体轧制的工艺需求,对生产装置进行了专门设计,省掉了传统的热轧流程和薄板坯连铸连轧流程中部分不必要的装置,如加热炉、电磁感应装置和层流冷却装置等,此外,本发明采用多功能控冷装置,将高压水除鳞和中间坯冷却功能集为一体,使得装置产线更加简约和高效。本发明采用4R+(3-4)F的轧机布置、四个温度检测仪和近距离地下卷取机,降低中间坯冷却负荷的同时,也更有利于实现对整个轧制过程的精确温度控制,从而提升产品质量。传统热轧流程的产线长度约为1000m,典型的薄板坯连铸连轧流程如CSP产线约为400m,ESP产线约为180m,本发明设计的基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置中产线长度约为120-150m,产线更短,各部件配置更合理。
本发明提供的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法中,在热轧的全过程合理利用板坯的过程温降,无需对中间坯进行加热或补热,对中间坯控冷能力的要求也相对较低,可大幅度降低制造过程的能耗、水耗,节能、绿色、环保。
本发明采用的轧机布置形式更有利于铁素体轧制工艺的实现。本发明采用4R+(3-4)F的轧机布置,其优势在于:1)为保证铁素体轧制“低的精轧开轧温度和高的终轧温度”的工艺要求,要求尽可能减少精轧过程温降,这就要求减少精轧机组的机架数。但是另一方面,为了获得更多的有利变形织构,铁素体轧制技术要求带钢在铁素体区进行轧制时应该有足够的累计变形量,因此精轧机架也不宜太少;本发明提出的3或4机架精轧机组布置是能够满足铁素体轧制各方面要求的技术方案;2)将粗轧机组的布置设置为4机架,可以进一步减小中间坯厚度,中间坯厚度减小,一方面可以减少对精轧机组的轧制负荷要求,更重要的是,可以使中间坯的温度更接近于铁素体轧制的温度要求,从而降低对中间坯控冷装置冷却能力的要求。
本发明通过多功能控冷装置,精轧前先除磷后冷却,可以更好的控制精轧入口温度。
本发明在在粗轧机后、精轧机前、精轧机后以及卷取机前布置了4个高精度温度检测仪,可随时对带钢的温度进行精确检测和及时的反馈控制,以确保轧制过程各个阶段所需温度控制的准确性。
本发明通过采用近距离地下卷取机,可以尽可能减少带钢在传送过程的温降。同时钢卷从卷取机卸卷后采用在线保温罩进行保温,或迅速进入保温坑,可以使带钢发生较为充分的回复和再结晶,同时避免了空冷时钢卷头尾冷却较快导致的性能不合问题,有利于获得良好的产品质量,更好地满足“以热代冷”的性能要求。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,主要针对铁素体轧制的工艺需求,对生产装置进行了专门设计,装置产线长度短,只有120-150m,各部件配置合理,温度控制精确,轧制成本低,能耗小。
(2)本发明提供的基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,通过采用4R+(3-4)F的轧机布置方式,在热轧的全过程合理利用板坯的过程温降,无需对中间坯进行加热或补热,对控冷能力的要求也相对较低,可大幅度降低制造过程的能耗、水耗;通过在粗轧机后、精轧机前、精轧机后以及卷取机前布置了4个高精度温度检测仪,实现全程温度的精确控制和及时调整,以精确满足不同轧制阶段对温度的需求;通过精轧前先除磷后冷却,可以更精确地控制精轧入口温度;通过采用近距离卷取工艺并在钢卷卸卷后及时进行保温处理,保证尽可能减少带钢在传送过程的温降,使带钢发生较为充分的回复和再结晶,同时避免了空冷时钢卷头尾冷却较快导致的性能不合问题,有利于获得良好的产品质量。本发明提供的基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,能耗和成本低,产品质量好且厚度较薄,可以更好地满足“以热代冷”的性能要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,其中:1连铸机2高压水旋转除鳞装置 3 4机架大压下粗轧机组 4转鼓剪 5a、5b、5c和5d测温计 6多功能控冷装置 7 3或4机架精轧机组 8高速飞剪 9a和9b地下卷取机,L1为最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离,L2为最后1架精轧机至第二台卷取机的距离。
图2为本发明实施例基于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法的关键工艺要点示意图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例一
采用低碳钢的化学成分及及质量百分含量:C:0.05%,Si:0.10%,Mn:0.20%,P:0.010%,S:0.005%,N:0.0040%,其余为Fe。连铸坯厚度为130mm,拉速为4.5m/min,板坯出连铸机后进行高压水旋转除鳞,除鳞压力20MPa,然后直接进入4机架的大压下粗轧机组进行轧制(压下率分别为50%,50%,40%,40%),粗轧前板坯的温度为1080℃,粗轧后的中间坯厚度为11.7mm,出口速度为0.83m/s,出口温度为950℃,中间坯进入多功能控冷装置进行高压水除鳞和控制冷却,多功能控冷装置长度为7m,高压水除鳞压力35MPa,冷却段的冷速为30℃/s,进入精轧机前的温度为810℃,然后进行4个机架的精轧(压下率分别为50%,40%,30%,15%),精轧的各个机架均采用润滑轧制,带钢出口厚度为2.0mm,终轧温度为740℃,带钢出精轧后采用空冷模式,其中地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离L1为15m,带钢在传送辊道运行15m后进入第一台地下卷取机进行卷取,卷取温度为710℃。高速飞剪根据带钢卷重要求对钢卷进行分切,分切后的钢卷卸卷后利用保温罩进行保温,当温度缓慢降低至550℃以下时,钢卷进行自然空冷冷却。采用上述工艺,材料性能满足标准要求。
实施例二
采用低碳钢的化学成分及质量百分含量:C:0.025%,Si:0.07%,Mn:0.10%,P:0.010%,S:0.004%,N:0.0045%,其余为Fe。连铸坯厚度为70mm,拉速为7m/min,板坯出连铸机后进行高压水旋转除鳞,除鳞压力40MPa,然后直接进入4机架的大压下粗轧机组进行轧制,粗轧前板坯的温度为1150℃,粗轧后的中间坯厚度为5mm(压下率分别为60%,50%,40%,40%),出口速度为1.6m/s,出口温度为980℃,中间坯进入多功能控冷装置进行高压水除鳞和控制冷却,多功能控冷装置长度为5m,高压水除鳞压力36MPa,冷却段的冷速为35℃/s,进入精轧机前的温度为820℃,然后进行3个机架的精轧(压下率分别为53%,48%,15%),精轧的各个机架均采用润滑轧制,带钢出口厚度为1.0mm,终轧温度为750℃,带钢出精轧后采用空冷模式,其中地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,最后1架精轧机至第二台卷取机的距离L2为30m,带钢在传送辊道运行30m后进入第二台地下卷取机进行卷取,卷取温度为700℃。高速飞剪根据带钢卷重要求对钢卷进行分切,分切后的钢卷卸卷后送入保温坑进行保温,当温度缓慢降低至450℃以下时,钢卷进行自然空冷冷却。
实施例三
采用超低碳钢的化学成分及质量百分含量:C:0.0035%,Si:0.03%,Mn:0.08%,P:0.009%,S:0.003%,N:0.0040%,其余为Fe。连铸坯厚度为110mm,拉速为5.5m/min,板坯出连铸机进行高压水旋转除鳞,除鳞压力25MPa,然后直接进入4机架的大压下粗轧机组进行轧制(压下率分别为55%,50%,46%,40%),粗轧前板坯的温度为1200℃,粗轧后的中间坯厚度为8mm,出口速度为1.26m/s,出口温度为970℃,中间坯进入多功能控冷装置进行高压水除鳞和控制冷却,多功能控冷装置长度为7m,高压水除鳞压力32MPa,冷却段的冷速为30℃/s,进入精轧机前的温度为860℃,然后进行4个机架的精轧(压下率分别为55%,50%,45%,15%),精轧的各个机架均采用润滑轧制,带钢出口厚度为0.8mm,终轧温度为780℃,带钢出精轧后采用空冷模式,其中地下卷取机为一台转盘式双卷筒卷取机,其中最后1架精轧机至卷取机的距离为20m,带钢在传送辊道运行20m后进入转盘式双卷筒卷取机进行卷取,卷取温度为730℃。高速飞剪根据带钢卷重要求对钢卷进行分切,分切后的钢卷卸卷后送入保温罩进行保温,当温度缓慢降低至350℃以下时,钢卷进行自然空冷冷却。
实施例四
采用超低碳钢的化学成分及质量百分含量:C:0.0015%,Si:0.05%,Mn:0.10%,P:0.008%,S:0.004%,N:0.0035%,其余为Fe。连铸坯厚度为100mm,拉速为6.0m/min,板坯出连铸机后进行高压水旋转除鳞,除鳞压力35MPa,然后直接进入4机架的大压下粗轧机组进行轧制(压下率分别为55%,50%,48%,40%),粗轧前板坯的温度为1250℃,粗轧后的中间坯厚度为7mm,出口速度为1.43m/s,出口温度为1000℃,中间坯进入多功能控冷装置进行高压水除鳞和控制冷却,多功能控冷装置长度为7m,高压水除鳞压力34MPa,冷却段的冷速为30℃/s,进入精轧机前的温度为870℃,然后进行3个机架的精轧(压下率分别为55%,45%,13%),精轧的各个机架均采用润滑轧制,带钢出口厚度为1.5mm,终轧温度为800℃,带钢出精轧后采用空冷模式,其中地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离L1为30m,带钢在传送辊道运行30m后进入第一台地下卷取机进行卷取,卷取温度为720℃。高速飞剪根据带钢卷重要求对钢卷进行分切,分切后的钢卷卸卷后送入保温罩进行保温,当温度缓慢降低至400℃以下时,钢卷进行自然空冷冷却。
实施例五
采用超低碳钢的化学成分及质量百分含量:C:0.0010%,Si:0.035%,Mn:0.08%,P:0.008%,S:0.004%,N:0.0035%,其余为Fe。连铸坯厚度为120mm,拉速为5.0m/min,板坯出连铸机进行高压水旋转除鳞,除鳞压力25MPa,然后直接进入4机架的大压下粗轧机组进行轧制(压下率分别为50%,50%,45%,40%),粗轧前板坯的温度为1130℃,粗轧后的中间坯厚度为10mm,出口速度为1m/s,出口温度为980℃,中间坯进入多功能控冷装置进行高压水除鳞和控制冷却,多功能控冷装置长度为7m,高压水除鳞压力36MPa,冷却段的冷速为25℃/s,进入精轧机前的温度为880℃,然后进行4个机架的精轧(压下率分别为55%,45%,25%,13%),精轧的各个机架均采用润滑轧制,带钢出口厚度为1.6mm,终轧温度为790℃,带钢出精轧后采用空冷模式,其中地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,最后1架精轧机至第二台卷取机的距离L2为35m,带钢在传送辊道运行35m后进入第二台地下卷取机进行卷取,卷取温度为720℃。高速飞剪根据带钢卷重要求对钢卷进行分切,分切后的钢卷卸卷后送入保温罩进行保温,当温度缓慢降低至450℃以下时,钢卷进行自然空冷冷却。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,其特征在于,包括连铸机、高压水旋转除鳞装置、4机架大压下粗轧机组、转鼓剪、测温计、多功能控冷装置、3机架精轧机组、高速飞剪和地下卷取机;其中,
测温计有四个,分别布设于4机架大压下粗轧机组后、3机架精轧机组前和后以及地下卷取机前;
各部件依次按顺序连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,其特征在于,所述多功能控冷装置长度为5-10m,分为两段,前段为高压水除鳞装置,后段为水冷或汽雾冷却装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,其特征在于,所述地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,其中最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离L1为10-45m,至第二台卷取机的距离L2为15-50m;所述地下卷取机也可以采用一台转盘式双卷筒卷取机,与最后1架精轧机的距离为10-50m。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产装置,其特征在于,所述地下卷取机为两台常规地下卷取机,其中最后1架精轧机至第一台卷取机的距离L1为15-30m,至第二台卷取机的距离L2为20-35m;所述地下卷取机也可以采用一台转盘式双卷筒卷取机,与最后1架精轧机的距离为15-30m。
5.一种采用权利要求1-4任一项所述的装置用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,生产工艺流程为连铸成坯→高压水旋转除鳞→4机架的大压下粗轧机组粗轧→转鼓剪→多功能控冷装置中高压水除磷后冷却→3机架的精轧机组精轧→空冷→高速飞剪分卷→地下卷取机卷取,其中粗轧后、精轧前、精轧后和地下卷取机卷取前分别进行温度监控。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,连铸坯粗轧入口温度为1050-1250℃,粗轧出口温度为950-1000℃,粗轧后的中间坯经过多功能控冷装置冷却,冷却速度为20-50℃/s,精轧入口温度为780-880℃,精轧出口温度为700-800℃,经过空冷,卷取温度为650-750℃;钢卷从卷取机卸卷后采用在线保温罩进行保温,或迅速送入保温坑,直至温度降至550℃以下。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,粗轧机组每个机架的压下率为40-60%,粗轧出口速度为0.5-2.0m/s;3机架的精轧机组中前2个机架的压下率为40-60%,最后1个机架的压下率为10-25%;精轧机组采用润滑压制。
8.根据权利要求5所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,粗轧前高压水旋转除鳞和精轧前多功能控冷装置中高压水除磷的除磷压力均为20-40MPa。
9.根据权利要求5所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,连铸坯厚度范围为70-130mm,连铸拉速4.5-7.0m/min;粗轧出口中间坯厚度为5-15mm;成品厚度0.6-3.0mm。
10.根据权利要求5所述的用于铁素体轧制的热轧带钢全连续生产方法,其特征在于,所适用的带钢,按百分含量计,为C≤0.05%,Si≤0.1 0%,Mn≤0.20%的低碳或超低碳钢。
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