CN110477397B - 一种制备石斛花提取液的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种制备石斛花提取液的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种制备石斛花提取液的方法,涉及提取物制备技术领域,本发明包括以下步骤:(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、12‑17点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵;(2)原料预处理:将石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为3‑4h,料液比为1:15‑20;(3)将步骤(2)中的石斛花与浸泡液一起进行水蒸气蒸馏,收集石斛花重量5‑10倍的蒸馏液和水提液,过滤后即为石斛花提取液。本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的制备方法简单,获得的石斛花提取液可直接或经进一步处理后应用于化妆品或食品,拓宽了石斛花的应用,实现资源的充分利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及提取物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种制备石斛花提取液的方法及其应用。
背景技术
石斛属是兰科中一个最大的属,它包括约1100余种植物,在传统医学中,石斛属多种植物的新鲜或干燥茎被收做药用,具有滋阴清热、益胃生津的功效。目前石斛茎已被广泛应用于制备多种药物,对石斛生长过程中的石斛花研究较少。
石斛花瓣中富含各种氨基酸、黄酮类、多种维生素和多种稀缺的微量元素,尤其是它所含的丰富的霍山石斛花精油香气持久、能轻松地被肌肤所吸收,深层杀菌消炎,提供肌肤护理养分,多糖类成分能够有效地锁入肌肤表层细胞的水分,使肌肤表层恢复水润活力,具有很高的护肤价值。
目前,石斛花提取液的提取工艺主要有水提和乙醇提两种,但使用乙醇提得到的石斛花提取液或浓缩液、干粉中会残留有一定量的乙醇,由于乙醇具有一定的刺激性,当用在日用化妆品中时,会对皮肤产生一定的刺激,严重时出现发痒、红肿等现象,因此,日用化妆品中一般会尽量减少乙醇的含量,也有一些群体不适合含有乙醇的化妆品,这样就会对相应化妆品的适宜人群量造成极大的限制,影响产品的市场占有率。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题在于现有的石斛花提取液制备过程中易残留乙醇和挥发性成分丢失,提供一种提升石斛花提取液的品质和功效的石斛花提取液的制备方法。
本发明是采用以下技术方案解决上述技术问题的:
本发明提供一种制备石斛花提取液的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、12-17点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵;
(2)原料预处理:将石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为3-4h,料液比为1:15-20;
(3)将步骤(2)中的石斛花与浸泡液一起进行水蒸气蒸馏,收集石斛花重量5-10倍的蒸馏液和水提液,过滤后即为石斛花提取液。
优选的,所述石斛花选择铁皮石斛、霍山石斛或细茎石斛花中的一种或多种。
优选的,采收后的石斛花进行预处理:抖动加扬吹,筛除杂物和昆虫。
优选的,所述水蒸气蒸馏时间为1-3h。
优选的,收集的蒸馏液采用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤,收集的水提液分别经0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
本发明还提供由上述制备方法制得的石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用。
优选的,所述化妆品为洗面奶、化妆水、凝胶剂、露剂、芳香水剂、膏霜剂蜜剂、乳液剂、精华液或面膜液。
本发明还提供由上述制备方法制得的石斛花提取液在食品中的应用。
优选的,所述食品为青汁、蜜茶或奶茶。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的制备方法简单,获得的石斛花提取液包括不挥发组分和挥发性组分,后者又包含水溶性组分和水不溶性组分,提升了活性组分含量。
(2)获得的石斛花提取液可直接或经进一步处理后应用于化妆品或食品,拓宽了石斛花的应用,实现资源的充分利用;
(3)本发明制备的石斛花提取液不含乙醇,性质温和、无刺激性,适用于制备温和型化妆品;
(4)本发明制备的石斛花提取液具有良好的抗衰老、美白祛斑的作用,提升了产品功效。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
下述实施例中所用的试验材料和试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,均可以按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
实施例1
一种制备石斛花提取液的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、12点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵,抖动加扬吹,筛除石斛花中的杂物和昆虫后,进行清洗;
(2)原料预处理:称取霍山石斛花200g,将石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为3h,料液比为1:15;
(3)将步骤(2)中的石斛花与浸泡液一起,加热进行水蒸气蒸馏,蒸馏时间为1h,接取蒸馏液1kg,经过0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤;同时收集水提液0.3kg,收集的水提液分别经0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
实施例2
一种制备石斛花提取液的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、13点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵,抖动加扬吹,筛除石斛花中的杂物和昆虫后,进行清洗;
(2)原料预处理:称取霍山石斛花200g,将石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为3h,料液比为1:18;
(3)将步骤(2)中的石斛花与浸泡液一起,加热进行水蒸气蒸馏,蒸馏时间为2h,接取蒸馏液0.8kg,经过0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤;同时收集水提液0.4kg,收集的水提液分别经0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
实施例3
一种制备石斛花提取液的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、17点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵,抖动加扬吹,筛除石斛花中的杂物和昆虫后,进行清洗;
(2)原料预处理:称取霍山石斛花200g,将石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为4h,料液比为1:20;
(3)将步骤(2)中的石斛花与浸泡液一起,加热进行水蒸气蒸馏,蒸馏时间为3h,接取蒸馏液1.2kg,经过0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤;同时收集水提液0.8kg,收集的水提液分别经0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
在晴日、12点采摘的石斛初开当日的花朵,此时采摘的花朵精油含量高,香气浓郁;制得的石斛水提取液中含有:挥发性成分含量占原料的0.9%-1.4%、黄酮类占原料的5.23-7.54%、皂苷类占原料的5.21-7.46%、酚类占原料的3.18-3.44%,其中挥发性成分、黄酮类、皂苷类、酚类含量的测定方法为现有技术。
实施例4
取1%浓度的透明质酸钠5g、甘油5g、10%浓度的胶原蛋白5g、乳化剂G57 1g、荷荷巴油6g、维生素E1g、角鲨烷1g、戊二醇1g、己二醇1g,实施例1得到的霍山石斛花提取液74g,搅拌均匀,制成乳液;1%浓度的透明质酸钠、甘油、10%浓度的胶原蛋白、乳化剂G57、荷荷巴油、维生素E、角鲨烷、戊二醇、己二醇均可从市场上购买获得。
实施例5
取4%浓度的卡波姆溶液100g,加入三乙醇胺5g,边加边搅,直至形成均匀的凝胶,在搅拌的情况下加入甘油20g、1%浓度的透明质酸25g、戊二醇5g、己二醇2.5g,实施例2得到的霍山石斛花提取液210g,搅拌均匀,制成凝胶;其中4%浓度的卡波姆溶液、三乙醇胺、甘油、1%浓度的透明质酸、戊二醇、己二醇均可从市场上购买获得。
实施例6
将1%浓度的透明质酸钠16g、甘油10g、戊二醇4g、己二醇2g、实施例3得到的霍山石斛花提取液130g混合均匀,加热到75℃,作为水相备用;另取乳化蜡12g、椰子油30g、维生素E2g、角鲨烷24g,加热到75℃,在搅拌下加入到水相中,边加边搅拌,制成面霜;其中1%浓度的透明质酸钠、甘油、戊二醇、己二醇、乳化蜡、椰子油、维生素E、角鲨烷以上原料均可从市场上购买获得。
实施例7
将实施例3得到的霍山石斛花提取液480g,加入1%透明质酸10g、己二醇10g混合均匀,制成面膜水;其中1%透明质酸、己二醇均可从市场上购买获得。
对比例1
取鲜霍山石斛花200g,煎煮2次,每次加水为霍山石斛花重量的10倍量,第一次1.0小时,第二次0.5小时,合并煎煮液,浓缩至1.2kg,得到霍山石斛花提取液。
将1%浓度的透明质酸钠16g、甘油10g、戊二醇4g、己二醇2g、该霍山石斛花提取液130g混合均匀,加热到75℃,作为水相备用;另取乳化蜡12g、椰子油30g、维生素E 2g、角鲨烷24g,加热到75℃,在搅拌下加入到水相中,边加边搅拌,制成面霜;其中1%浓度的透明质酸钠、甘油、戊二醇、己二醇、乳化蜡、椰子油、维生素E、角鲨烷均可从市场上购买获得。
实施例8
通过药效试验验证本发明的霍山石斛花提取物的祛斑和抗皮肤衰老作用:
实验方法:
(1)动物及材料
昆明种小鼠,SPF级,雌性,体重20±2g,中国人民解放军第四军医大学实验动物中心提供,许可证号:SCXK(军)2012-0007。
过氧化氢酶(CAT)测定试剂盒批号:20170301。
SOD试剂盒,批号:20161115。
MDA试剂盒,批号:20161118。
羟脯氨酸(HYP)测定试剂盒,批号:20161118。
以上试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
D-半乳糖,批号:20161111,上海谱振生物科技有限公司。
D-半乳糖溶液:D-半乳糖溶于0.9%生理盐水中,配成体积浓度200mg/mL,备用。
(2)实验方法
①实验动物造模及处理方法
取40只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、实验组、对照组,每组10只;空白组注射200mg/kg的生理盐水,其余三组均颈背部皮下注射200mg/kg的D-半乳糖溶液,建立D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老模型。
造模的同时,各组小鼠每隔2天剃毛一次,剃毛的皮肤部位进行给药;空白组和模型组每日给予蒸馏水0.2mL/10g,涂布在4cm2面积的皮肤上。实验组每日给予实施例6的面霜0.2g/10g,涂布在4cm2面积的皮肤上。对照组每日给予对比例1的面霜0.2g/10g,涂布在4cm2面积的皮肤上,连续42d。
②HYP、CAT、SOD、MDA指标检测
末次给药2小时后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,背部去毛,迅速取涂药部位的皮肤组织两块,其中一块用冰的生理盐水冲洗,除去血液,滤纸吸干,以1:9(W/V)加入冰生理盐水,于冰浴制成10%组织匀浆,以3500r/min转速离心15分钟,取上清液,按试剂盒的方法检测皮肤的SOD、MDA、CAT和HYP的含量。
③皮肤黑色素细胞的病理形态学观察
取另一块涂药部位的皮肤,用10%中性甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,黑色素标记采用免疫组织化学方法,一抗选用鼠抗人单克隆抗体HMB 45,DAB显色,苏木素复染。用PBS代替一抗做阴性对照。以观察黑色素细胞在表皮中的分布情况与数量。
(3)实验结果
①对小鼠皮肤SOD、MDA、CAT和HYP含量的影响
小鼠皮肤各指标实验结果见表1。
与模型组比较,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。
如表1所示,本发明实验组模型小鼠皮肤SOD、CAT活力显著升高(P<0.05),模型小鼠血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),且小鼠皮肤中HYP的含量显著升高(P<0.01)。
本发明实验组模型鼠皮肤中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力提高,从而增强机体清除氧自由基的能力;丙二醛的生成减少,具有明显的抗氧化的能力,且抗氧化能力强于对照组;实验组皮肤中HYP的含量增加(P<0.01),显著优于对照组(P<0.05),从而更有效地清除皮肤组织自由基,具有良好的抗衰老、抗光老化的作用。
②小鼠皮肤黑色素细胞的影响
HMB 45标记观察:正常组毛囊、皮脂腺基底细胞中可见少量黑色素细胞。模型组黑色素细胞成簇分布于毛囊、皮脂腺基底细胞中,表皮基底细胞和棘细胞层中亦有散在分布。本发明实验组与对照组表皮基底层及毛囊基底细胞中仅散见黑色素细胞,本发明实验组较对照组黑色素细胞数量更少。如表1所示,从黑色素细胞数目来看,模型组与空白组比较明显增加(P<0.01)。本发明实验组小鼠皮肤黑色素细胞数量较模型组显著减少(P<0.01),且黑色素细胞数明显低于对照组,同时低于空白组,表明本发明具有良好的美白祛斑作用。
综上可见,本发明的石斛花提取液可提高模型小鼠皮肤中SOD活力,降低MDA含量;特别是能明显增加HYP的含量,其效果甚至明显优于对照组;此外,本发明的石斛花提取液能够显著降低模型小鼠皮肤中黑色素细胞的数量,且其效果明显优于对照组,具有良好的抗衰老、美白祛斑的作用。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,与本发明构思无实质性差异的各种工艺方案均在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种霍山石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于:霍山石斛花提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择:选取在晴日、12-17点采摘的霍山石斛初开当日的花朵;
(2)原料预处理:将霍山石斛花粉碎后浸泡于去离子水中,浸泡时间为3-4h,料液比为1:15-20;
(3)将步骤(2)中的霍山石斛花与浸泡液一起进行水蒸气蒸馏,收集霍山石斛花重量5-10倍的蒸馏液和水提液,过滤后即为霍山石斛花提取液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的霍山石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于:采收后的霍山石斛花进行预处理:抖动加扬吹,筛除杂物和昆虫。
3.根据权利要求1所述的霍山石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于:所述水蒸气蒸馏时间为1-3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的霍山石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于:收集的蒸馏液采用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤,收集的水提液分别经0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的霍山石斛花提取液在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于:所述化妆品为洗面奶、化妆水、凝胶剂、露剂、芳香水剂、膏霜剂、蜜剂、乳液剂、精华液或面膜液。
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