CN110369683B - Bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and preparation method of bearing bush bimetal composite material - Google Patents
Bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and preparation method of bearing bush bimetal composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110369683B CN110369683B CN201910733305.6A CN201910733305A CN110369683B CN 110369683 B CN110369683 B CN 110369683B CN 201910733305 A CN201910733305 A CN 201910733305A CN 110369683 B CN110369683 B CN 110369683B
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPIIGEJBVZHNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Sn].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn].[Pb] PPIIGEJBVZHNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/01—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/08—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and a bearing bush bimetal composite material preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of metal alloy materials. The bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device comprises a copper alloy smelting device and a copper alloy bearing device, wherein a smelting furnace in the copper alloy smelting device is used for smelting a copper alloy raw material to obtain a copper alloy melt; the flow control device is used for controlling the outflow rate of the melt, when fluid passes through the flow channel of the flow guide structure, the flow distribution effect of the flow distribution strips can enable the copper alloy melt to be evenly and flatly laid on the copper alloy bearing device, the uniformity of the thickness of each part of the copper alloy of the antifriction layer can be well controlled, and cold shut and insufficient pouring of each part of a bearing bush material are avoided; meanwhile, due to the shunting action of the shunting strips, the impact of the copper alloy melt on the bearing matrix can be reduced, so that the oxide inclusions of the copper alloy melt are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal alloy materials, in particular to a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and a preparation method of a bearing bush bimetal composite material.
Background
With the development of various motor vehicle engines in the directions of high speed, heavy load, high power and the like, the quality requirements of the axle bush materials are more and more strict.
At present, the widely used bearing bush material is a copper-lead-tin alloy/carbon steel bearing bush material, and the main preparation methods thereof include a static casting method, a centrifugal casting method, a particle induction centrifugal casting method, a powder metallurgy sintering rolling composite method and the like. However, the above methods all have their own weaknesses, for example, the static casting method has casting defects and the segregation of Pb element, the centrifugal casting method and the particle induction centrifugal casting method have serious Pb element segregation and poor quality stability, and the powder metallurgy sintering rolling composite method is adopted to obtain the bearing bush material with low tissue density and poor interface bonding.
The bearing bush material prepared by the cast-rolling method has high potential, and the prepared steel backing/antifriction copper alloy bimetal composite material has good interface bonding performance and uniform and fine distribution of a lead-rich lubricating phase. However, in the process of casting and compounding, the copper alloy melt flows irregularly, and casting defects such as cold shut, insufficient casting and the like are easy to occur. In addition, the thickness of the alloy layer obtained by the method is uneven, for example, the thickness difference between the middle layer and the edge of a casting blank of the bearing bush composite material can reach 2-6 mm, so that the processing difficulty of the bearing bush and the waste of the raw materials of the copper alloy layer at the later stage are increased. Therefore, the method and the device for uniformly filling the copper alloy on the bearing bush antifriction layer have important application value and engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and a preparation method of a bearing bush bimetal composite material. The copper alloy mold filling device for the bearing bush antifriction layer can promote uniform mold filling of a copper alloy melt in the pouring process, and avoid casting defects such as insufficient pouring and cold shut. The bearing bush bimetal composite material prepared by the preparation method has good flatness.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device, which comprises a copper alloy smelting device and a copper alloy bearing device, wherein the copper alloy smelting device comprises a smelting furnace 1;
a flow control device 2 positioned inside the smelting furnace;
the flow guide structure 3 is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of the smelting furnace and comprises a shell 4, a flow channel 5 and a flow distribution strip 6; an inner cavity formed by the shell 4 is a flow channel 5, and the flow dividing strip 6 is positioned in the flow channel 5;
a heating device 7 positioned outside the flow guide structure;
the copper alloy carrying device comprises a movable carrying substrate 8; a heating coil 9 for heating the support substrate; a cooling device 10 located at the bottom of the carrier substrate;
the flow guide structure of the copper alloy smelting device is higher than that of the copper alloy bearing device.
Preferably, the smelting furnace 1 is a medium frequency smelting furnace, and the diversion structure 3 is made of one or more of graphite, magnesia and quartz ceramic.
Preferably, the flow guide structure 3 is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, the included angle between the flow guide structure of the upper half part and the longitudinal axis is 10-30 degrees, and the included angle between the flow guide structure of the lower half part and the longitudinal axis is 60-80 degrees; the runner shape of first half water conservancy diversion structure is the rectangle, the runner shape of latter half water conservancy diversion structure is triangle-shaped, triangle-shaped's apex angle is 20~ 60.
Preferably, the number of the flow dividing strips 6 is 3-10, and the gaps of the adjacent flow dividing strips at the outlet end of the flow guiding structure are 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the flow guide structure 3 of the copper alloy smelting device is 5-10 mm higher than the copper alloy bearing device.
Preferably, the supporting substrate 8 is a 10# carbon steel plate, and the heating coil 9 is a high-frequency induction heating coil.
The invention provides a method for preparing a bearing bush bimetal composite material by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a copper alloy raw material into a smelting furnace 1 for smelting to obtain a copper alloy melt;
(2) starting a heating device 7 and a heating coil 9, under the protection of inert gas, enabling the copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing matrix 8 through a flow guide structure 3 to obtain a copper alloy melt layer, and enabling the bearing matrix to move in parallel along the horizontal direction;
(3) and flatly spreading the copper alloy melt onto the surface of the bearing substrate 8 within 30-120 s, starting the cooling device 10, and cooling the copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
Preferably, the copper alloy in the step (1) has the components of Pb24wt.%, Sn 2wt.%, and the balance of copper; the smelting temperature is 1100-1250 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating device (7) in the step (2) is 1100-1200 ℃, and the heating power of the heating coil 9 is 30-80 kW.
Preferably, the flow rate of the copper alloy melt in the step (2) is 0.2-0.5 m/s, and the moving rate of the bearing substrate 8 is 0.5-3 m/min.
The invention provides a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device, which comprises a copper alloy smelting device and a copper alloy bearing device, wherein a smelting furnace in the copper alloy smelting device is used for smelting a copper alloy raw material to obtain a copper alloy melt; the flow control device is used for controlling the outflow rate of the melt, when fluid passes through the flow channel of the flow guide structure, the flow distribution effect of the flow distribution strips can enable the copper alloy melt to be evenly and flatly laid on the copper alloy bearing device, the uniformity of the thickness of each part of the copper alloy of the antifriction layer can be well controlled, and cold shut and insufficient pouring of each part of a bearing bush material are avoided; meanwhile, due to the shunting action of the shunting strips, the impact of the copper alloy melt on the bearing matrix can be reduced, so that the oxide inclusions of the copper alloy melt are reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of a bearing bush bimetal composite material, which utilizes the bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material with good flatness, and is simple and easy to implement and easy to realize industrial production. The embodiment result shows that the flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material obtained by the method can reach +/-0.02 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a copper alloy mold filling device for a bearing bush antifriction layer, wherein the structure comprises 1-a smelting furnace, 2-a flow control device, 3-a flow guide structure, 4-a shell, 5-a flow channel, 6-a flow dividing strip, 7-a heating device, 8-a bearing matrix, 9-a heating coil, 10-a cooling device and 11-a copper alloy melt layer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device, the structural schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 1, the bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device comprises a copper alloy smelting device and a copper alloy bearing device, wherein the copper alloy smelting device comprises a smelting furnace 1;
a flow control device 2 positioned inside the smelting furnace;
the flow guide structure 3 is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of the smelting furnace and comprises a shell 4, a flow channel 5 positioned at a groove on the upper surface of the shell and a flow distribution strip 6 positioned inside the flow channel;
a heating device 7 positioned at the upper part of the diversion structure;
the copper alloy bearing device comprises a bearing base body 8; a heating coil 9 for heating the support substrate; a cooling device 10 located at the bottom of the carrier substrate;
the flow guide structure of the copper alloy smelting device is higher than that of the copper alloy bearing device.
The copper alloy mold filling device for the bearing bush antifriction layer comprises a copper alloy smelting device, wherein the copper alloy smelting device comprises a smelting furnace 1. In the invention, the smelting furnace is preferably a medium-frequency smelting furnace, and the power of the smelting furnace is preferably 10-30 kw and more preferably 20 kw; the frequency of the smelting furnace is preferably 1000-8000 Hz, and more preferably 3000-6000 Hz; the mass of the copper alloy smelted by the smelting furnace is preferably 10-30 kg, and more preferably 15-25 kg; the invention has no special requirements on the structure and the power supply mode of the smelting furnace, and the smelting furnace with the structure and the power supply mode which are well known by the technicians in the field can be used. In the present invention, the smelting furnace is capable of smelting copper alloy raw materials into a copper alloy melt.
The copper alloy smelting device provided by the invention comprises a flow control device 2 positioned in a smelting furnace. In the present invention, the flow control means are preferably perpendicular to the bottom outlet of the smelting furnace. The invention has no special requirements on the type, specification and model of the flow control device, and the flow control device known by the technical personnel in the field can be used. The invention controls the size of the opening at the bottom of the smelting furnace through the flow control device, thereby controlling the flow rate of the copper alloy melt flowing out of the smelting furnace.
The copper alloy smelting device comprises a flow guide structure 3 communicated with an outlet at the bottom of a smelting furnace, wherein the flow guide structure is preferably made of one or more of graphite, magnesia and quartz ceramic, the flow guide structure is preferably divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, an included angle β between the flow guide structure of the upper half part and a longitudinal axis is smaller, preferably 10-30 degrees, and an included angle theta between the flow guide structure of the lower half part and the longitudinal axis is larger, preferably 60-80 degrees.
The flow guide structure comprises a shell 4, a flow channel 5 and flow distribution strips 6, wherein the outermost layer of the flow guide structure 3 is the shell 4, a cavity formed by the shell is the flow channel, the flow channel is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of a smelting furnace, the flow channel of the flow guide structure at the upper half part is preferably rectangular, the flow channel of the flow guide structure at the lower half part is preferably triangular, the vertex angle α of the triangle is preferably 20-60 degrees, and more preferably 30-50 degrees.
In the invention, the flow dividing strip 6 is positioned in the flow channel, in particular in the flow channel of the flow guiding structure at the lower half part. In the invention, the number of the flow dividing strips is preferably 3-10, and more preferably 5-8; the flow dividing strip is a strip of a solid structure, the width of the flow dividing strip is preferably 10-20 mm, and the length of the flow dividing strip is the same as that of the flow channel of the lower half diversion structure. In the invention, the gap of the adjacent flow dividing strips at the outlet end of the flow guide structure is preferably 5-10 mm, and more preferably 6-8 mm; in the invention, the shunting strips are not completely fixed on the runner, when the copper alloy melt passes through the runner, the shunting strips can move along with the copper alloy melt, and specifically, the shunting strips can be extruded at a place with more copper alloy melt and extruded at a place with less copper alloy melt, so that the melt flow at different positions is controlled, and the uniform distribution of the melt is realized. According to the invention, the copper alloy melt is uniformly and flatly laid on the copper alloy bearing device through the shunting action of the shunting strips, and the impact of the copper alloy melt on the bearing substrate is reduced, so that the oxide inclusions of the copper alloy melt are reduced.
The copper alloy smelting device provided by the invention comprises a heating device 7 positioned outside the flow guide structure. In the invention, the heating device is preferably a silicon-molybdenum rod heating body which is heated by adopting a resistance heating radiation heat transfer mode; the heating device is preferably flat and parallel to the lower half of the flow guide structure, but not in contact with the flow guide structure. The invention has no special requirements on the size and specification of the heating device, and the heating temperature can meet the preheating requirement. The invention preheats the diversion structure through the heating device, and can avoid the solidification of the copper alloy melt when flowing through the diversion structure.
The copper alloy mold filling device for the bearing bush antifriction layer comprises a copper alloy bearing device, wherein the copper alloy bearing device comprises a movable bearing base body 8. In the invention, the bearing substrate is preferably a No. 10 carbon steel plate, and in the invention, the bearing substrate is a substrate layer of a bearing bush material. The bearing base has no special requirements on the thickness and the width of the bearing base, and the bearing base is designed according to the width of the bearing base material layer. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the bearing substrate is preferably 3mm, and the width of the bearing substrate is preferably 100-400 mm. In the invention, the carrying substrate is preferably moved by means of a machine drawing movement, and the drawing device is preferably a roller drawing or a screw drawing.
The copper alloy carrying device provided by the invention comprises a heating coil 9 for heating the carrying basal body. In the invention, the heating coil is preferably a high-frequency induction coil, and the heating power of the heating coil is preferably 30-80 kW, and more preferably 40-70 kW. In the present invention, the heating coil is located at one end of the carrier substrate, but does not contact the carrier substrate, and the carrier substrate can smoothly pass through the heating coil. The invention can preheat the bearing matrix through the heating action of the heating coil so as to prevent the bearing matrix from deforming when the copper alloy melt is compounded with the bearing matrix.
The copper alloy carrying device provided by the invention comprises a cooling device 10 positioned at the bottom of a carrying substrate. In the invention, the cooling device is positioned at the bottom of the bearing substrate covered with the copper alloy melt layer, but is not in contact with the bearing substrate, and the distance between the cooling device and the bearing substrate is preferably 10-100 mm, and more preferably 30-70 mm. In the invention, the cooling device is preferably a water cooling device, the cooling device is provided with a fan-shaped nozzle, the water outlet angle of the fan-shaped nozzle is preferably 30-65 degrees, and the water outlet caliber is preferably 1-4 mm. The invention cools the copper alloy melt and the bearing substrate through the cooling device, so that the copper alloy melt can be rapidly solidified to form the bearing bush bimetal composite material with the bearing substrate.
In the invention, the flow guide structure of the copper alloy smelting device is higher than the copper alloy bearing device, and the height of the flow guide structure is preferably 5-10 mm, and more preferably 6-8 mm.
The invention provides a method for preparing a bearing bush bimetal composite material by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a copper alloy raw material into a smelting furnace 1 for smelting to obtain a copper alloy melt;
(2) starting a heating device 7 and a heating coil 9, under the protection of inert gas, enabling the copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing matrix 8 through a flow guide structure 3 to obtain a copper alloy melt layer, and enabling the bearing matrix to move in parallel along the horizontal direction;
(3) and flatly spreading the copper alloy melt onto the surface of the bearing substrate 8 within 30-120 s, starting the cooling device 10, and cooling the copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
Before the bearing bush bimetal composite material is prepared, the bearing matrix is preferably cleaned to remove oxides and oil stains on the surface of the bearing matrix; the cleaning agent is preferably NaOH and/or HCl.
According to the invention, a copper alloy raw material is added into a smelting furnace 1 for smelting to obtain a copper alloy melt. In the present invention, the composition of the copper alloy is preferably Pb24wt.%, Sn 2wt.%, and the balance copper. In the invention, the copper raw material of the copper alloy is electrolytic copper, and the purity of the electrolytic copper is preferably more than or equal to 99.97 wt.%; the lead raw material of the copper alloy is preferably pure lead, and the purity of the lead raw material is preferably more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%; the tin raw material of the copper alloy is preferably pure tin, and the purity of the tin raw material is preferably more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. In the invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 1100-1250 ℃, and more preferably 1200 ℃. The invention has no special requirements on the smelting time, and the copper alloy can be smelted into a uniform melt by using the smelting time known by the technical personnel in the field.
After the copper alloy melt is obtained, the heating device 7 and the heating coil 9 are started, the copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate 8 through the flow guide structure 3 under the protection of inert gas, a copper alloy melt layer is obtained, and meanwhile, the bearing substrate moves in parallel along the horizontal direction. In the invention, the heating temperature of the heating device is preferably 1100-1200 ℃, and is preferably 1150 ℃; the heating temperature of the heating coil is preferably 600-900 ℃, and more preferably 700-800 ℃. In the invention, the inert gas is preferably Ar gas, and the flow rate of the inert gas is preferably 20-40L/min, and more preferably 30L/min. The invention protects by inert gas, on one hand, the copper alloy melt can be ensured not to be oxidized when flowing out, on the other hand, the bearing matrix can be ensured not to be oxidized when being heated, and the invention is beneficial to the composition of the copper alloy melt and the bearing matrix. In the invention, the flow rate of the copper alloy melt is preferably 0.2-0.5 m/s, and more preferably 0.3-0.4 m/s; the moving speed of the bearing substrate is preferably 0.5-3 m/min, more preferably 1-2 m/min, and in the invention, the moving direction of the bearing substrate is specifically the direction far away from the heating ring. According to the invention, by controlling the flow rate of the copper alloy melt and the movement rate of the bearing substrate, the tiling rate of the melt and the movement rate of the bearing substrate can be matched with each other, so that the metallurgical bonding of the copper alloy melt and the bearing substrate is facilitated.
The copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate 8 within 30-120 s, the cooling device 10 is started, and the copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate are cooled to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material. In the invention, the time for opening the cooling device is preferably 30-120 s, more preferably 50-100 s, when the copper alloy melt is flatly laid in the surface of the bearing substrate, and the temperature of the bearing substrate after cooling is preferably 20-50 ℃. In the invention, after the copper alloy melt is tiled on the surface of the bearing substrate, a section of copper alloy melt layer is formed on the surface of the bearing substrate, the cooling device cools the bearing substrate part on which the copper alloy melt layer is formed, and the bearing substrate part on which the copper alloy melt layer is not formed is not cooled and still keeps a preheating state. The copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate are cooled, so that the copper alloy melt can be rapidly solidified, and the copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate form the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
The following detailed description will be made with reference to examples to illustrate the copper alloy mold filling device for bearing bush antifriction layer and the preparation method of bearing bush bimetallic composite material provided by the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Adopting a 10# high-quality carbon steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the width of 200mm, and cleaning away surface oxides and oil stains by using NaOH and HCl;
(2) installing a bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device, wherein the angle of the vertex angle of a triangular flow channel is 20 degrees, and installing 3 flow distribution strips in the triangular flow channel;
(3) weighing raw materials of cathode copper (with the purity of 99.97 wt.%), pure lead (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), and pure tin (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), preparing a copper alloy raw material with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn, and smelting a copper alloy melt with uniform components at 1100 ℃ through a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(4) heating the heating device to 1100 ℃, heating the heating coil to 600 ℃, and opening a flow control system under the protection of Ar gas (the flow is 20/min) to enable the copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate through a flow guide structure, wherein the flow rate of the copper alloy melt is 0.2m/s, and the moving speed of the bearing substrate is 0.5m/min, so as to obtain a copper alloy melt layer;
(5) and after the copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate for 30s, starting a cooling device, cooling the melt layer formed behind the flow guide device and the bearing substrate, and cooling the bearing substrate to 20 ℃ to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
And detecting the flatness of the prepared bearing bush bimetal composite material by adopting an ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the antifriction copper alloy at intervals of 10mm along the length and width directions of the steel plate and the copper alloy.
The detection shows that the flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material is +/-1.2 mm, and the phenomena of cold shut and insufficient pouring are avoided.
Example 2
(1) Adopting a 10# high-quality carbon steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the width of 200mm, and cleaning away surface oxides and oil stains by using NaOH and HCl;
(2) mounting a copper alloy mold filling device of a bearing bush antifriction layer, wherein the vertex angle of a triangular flow channel is 30 degrees, and mounting 5 flow distribution strips in the triangular flow channel;
(3) weighing raw materials of cathode copper (with the purity of 99.97 wt.%), pure lead (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), and pure tin (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), preparing a copper alloy raw material with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn, and smelting a copper alloy melt with uniform components at 1200 ℃ through a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(4) heating the temperature of a heating device to 1150 ℃, heating the temperature of a heating coil to 700 ℃, and opening a flow control system under the protection of Ar gas (the flow is 30/min) to enable a copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing substrate through a flow guide structure, wherein the flow rate of the copper alloy melt is 0.3m/s, and the moving speed of the bearing substrate is 1m/min, so as to obtain a copper alloy melt layer;
(5) and (3) after the copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate for 50s, starting a cooling device, and cooling the bearing substrate to 30 ℃ to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
The flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material obtained by the method of the embodiment 1 is detected, and the flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material is +/-1.2 mm, and the phenomena of cold shut and insufficient pouring are not generated.
Example 3
(1) Adopting a 10# high-quality carbon steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the width of 200mm, and cleaning away surface oxides and oil stains by using NaOH and HCl;
(2) mounting a copper alloy mold filling device of a bearing bush antifriction layer, wherein the angle of the vertex angle of a triangular flow channel is 50 degrees, and mounting 8 flow distribution strips in the triangular flow channel;
(3) weighing raw materials of cathode copper (with the purity of 99.97 wt.%), pure lead (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), and pure tin (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), preparing a copper alloy raw material with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn, and smelting a copper alloy melt with uniform components at 1250 ℃ through a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(4) heating the temperature of a heating device to 1150 ℃, heating the temperature of a heating coil to 800 ℃, and opening a flow control system under the protection of Ar gas (the flow is 35/min) to enable a copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing substrate through a flow guide structure, wherein the flow rate of the copper alloy melt is 0.4m/s, and the moving speed of the bearing substrate is 2m/min, so as to obtain a copper alloy melt layer;
(5) and (3) after the copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate for 80s, starting a cooling device, and cooling the bearing substrate to 40 ℃ to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
The flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material obtained by the method of the embodiment 1 is detected, and the flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material is +/-1.2 mm, and the phenomena of cold shut and insufficient pouring are not generated.
Example 4
(1) Adopting a 10# high-quality carbon steel plate with the thickness of 3mm and the width of 200mm, and cleaning away surface oxides and oil stains by using NaOH and HCl;
(2) mounting a copper alloy mold filling device of a bearing bush antifriction layer, wherein the angle of the vertex angle of a triangular flow channel is 60 degrees, and mounting 10 flow distribution strips in the triangular flow channel;
(3) weighing raw materials of cathode copper (with the purity of 99.97 wt.%), pure lead (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), and pure tin (with the purity of 99.9 wt.%), preparing a copper alloy raw material with the components of Cu-24 wt.% Pb-2 wt.% Sn, and smelting a copper alloy melt with uniform components at 1200 ℃ through a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(4) heating the temperature of a heating device to 1150 ℃, heating the temperature of a heating coil to 900 ℃, and opening a flow control system under the protection of Ar gas (the flow is 30/min) to enable a copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing substrate through a flow guide structure, wherein the flow rate of the copper alloy melt is 0.5m/s, and the moving speed of the bearing substrate is 3m/min, so as to obtain a copper alloy melt layer;
(5) and (3) after the copper alloy melt is flatly laid on the surface of the bearing substrate for 120s, starting a cooling device, and cooling the bearing substrate to 50 ℃ to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
The flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material obtained by the method of the embodiment 1 is detected, and the flatness of the bearing bush bimetal composite material is +/-1.2 mm, and the phenomena of cold shut and insufficient pouring are not generated.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device is characterized by comprising a copper alloy smelting device and a copper alloy bearing device, wherein the copper alloy smelting device comprises a smelting furnace (1);
a flow control device (2) positioned inside the smelting furnace;
the flow guide structure (3) is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of the smelting furnace, and the flow guide structure (3) comprises a shell (4), a flow channel (5) and a flow dividing strip (6); an inner cavity formed by the shell (4) is a flow channel (5), and the flow dividing strip (6) is positioned in the flow channel (5); the flow dividing strip (6) is not completely fixed on the runner, and when the copper alloy melt passes through the runner, the flow dividing strip (6) can move along with the copper alloy melt;
the diversion structure (3) is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, the included angle between the diversion structure of the upper half part and the longitudinal axis is 10-30 degrees, and the included angle between the diversion structure of the lower half part and the longitudinal axis is 60-80 degrees; the flow channel of the upper half part of the flow guide structure is rectangular, the flow channel of the lower half part of the flow guide structure is triangular, and the angle of the vertex angle of the triangle is 20-60 degrees;
a heating device (7) positioned outside the flow guide structure;
the copper alloy carrying device comprises a movable carrying base (8); a heating coil (9) for heating the carrier substrate; a cooling device (10) located at the bottom of the carrier substrate;
the flow guide structure of the copper alloy smelting device is higher than that of the copper alloy bearing device.
2. The bearing shell antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the smelting furnace (1) is a medium frequency smelting furnace, and the diversion structure (3) is made of one or more of graphite, magnesia and quartz ceramic.
3. The bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the shunt strips (6) is 3-10, and the gap between adjacent shunt strips at the outlet end of the flow guide structure is 5-10 mm.
4. The bearing shell antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow guide structure (3) of the copper alloy smelting device is 5-10 mm higher than the copper alloy carrying device.
5. The bearing bush antifriction copper alloy mold filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing matrix (8) is a 10# carbon steel plate, and the heating coil (9) is a high-frequency induction heating coil.
6. A method for preparing a bearing bush bimetal composite material by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a copper alloy raw material into a smelting furnace (1) for smelting to obtain a copper alloy melt;
starting a heating device (7) and a heating coil (9), and under the protection of inert gas, enabling the copper alloy melt to be flatly laid on the surface of a bearing matrix (8) through a flow guide structure (3) to obtain a copper alloy melt layer, and enabling the bearing matrix to move in parallel along the horizontal direction;
and flatly spreading the copper alloy melt onto the surface of the bearing substrate (8) for 30-120 s, starting a cooling device (10), and cooling the copper alloy melt layer and the bearing substrate to obtain the bearing bush bimetal composite material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the composition of the copper alloy in step (1) is Pb24 wt%, Sn 2wt.%, and the balance copper; the smelting temperature is 1100-1250 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the heating device (7) in the step (2) is 1100-1200 ℃, and the heating power of the heating coil (9) is 30-80 kW.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the flow rate of the copper alloy melt in the step (2) is 0.2-0.5 m/s, and the moving speed of the bearing substrate (8) is 0.5-3 m/min.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910733305.6A CN110369683B (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and preparation method of bearing bush bimetal composite material |
| PCT/CN2020/102636 WO2021027486A1 (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2020-07-17 | Bearing bush anti-friction layer copper alloy filling device and method for preparing bearing bush bimetal composite material |
| JP2021510887A JP2022501198A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2020-07-17 | Bearing body anti-friction layer copper alloy filling device and bearing body Bimetal composite material manufacturing method |
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| CN201910733305.6A CN110369683B (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and preparation method of bearing bush bimetal composite material |
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| CN110369683B true CN110369683B (en) | 2020-06-02 |
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| CN110369683B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-06-02 | 大连理工大学 | Bearing bush antifriction layer copper alloy mold filling device and preparation method of bearing bush bimetal composite material |
| WO2022027405A1 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for preparing bimetal clad material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating |
| CN111850330B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-06-08 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for preparing bimetal multi-layer material by rapid electromagnetic induction heating |
| CN114703410B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-07-21 | 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 | High-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum lithium alloy profile and preparation method thereof |
| CN115368150B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-08-15 | 洛阳大洋高性能材料有限公司 | Components of low-flaking-property electrofusion alumina brick and casting process and device |
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| CN110369683A (en) | 2019-10-25 |
| WO2021027486A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
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