CN110319862A - A kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering - Google Patents
A kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN110319862A CN110319862A CN201910623461.7A CN201910623461A CN110319862A CN 110319862 A CN110319862 A CN 110319862A CN 201910623461 A CN201910623461 A CN 201910623461A CN 110319862 A CN110319862 A CN 110319862A
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- tube body
- optic cable
- sensing
- sensing optic
- optical fiber
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N helicin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N D-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012407 engineering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of helical structure devices for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering, are made of two sections of tube bodies, positioning fixture, protecting cover, fixture, protection sleeve pipes inside and outside nesting combination.Sensing optic cable is turned into helicoidal structure in interior tube surfaces, then is embedded in outer tube body, then tube body is encapsulated by protecting cover, protection sleeve pipe.Tube body both ends fixture is close to clamp optical cable on the outside of protecting cover, and the intracorporal optical cable of pipe is allowed to obtain a prestressing force.When being sensed on a large scale, multiple same tube bodies are together in series, and is embedded in object to be measured at certain intervals with an optical cable, can realize the measurement strained to each position by distributive fiber optic strain sensing equipment.The pulling force that sensing optic cable longitudinally generates originally is converted screw type constrictive force by the device, and the strain in short distance is averagely expanded on the intracorporal whole optical cable of pipe, had both increased effectively the range of sensing optic cable, and had also improved measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineering monitoring and distributing optical fiber sensing fields, more particularly to one kind is in civil engineering
The helical structure device of distributing optical fiber sensing.
Background technique
In large scale civil engineering such as highway maintenance, slope monitoring and all kinds of engineerings of tunnel, bridge, key water control project, by
In the effect of external loads or environment, different degrees of deformation can occur for construct, and one is a wide range of or whole uniform
And inhomogeneous deformation, this deformation are generally with the naked eye not easy to observe in the incipient stage；Second is that the part based on various cracks
Deformation, greatly to tens centimetres, and is unevenly distributed by small to several microns of the width in crack.It needs to take corresponding side in engineering
Method and means are monitored, however, engineering specifications is complicated since engineering-environment otherness is big, monitoring personnel can not often arrive existing
Be monitored, and traditional observation method falls behind, information collecting amount wretched insufficiency and lag, even result in can not to disaster into
Row prediction.
Distributed optical fiber strain sensor has been gradually applied in civil engineering monitoring at present, optical fiber one side conduct
On the other hand transmission medium is used as sensor, the Parameters variation situation of every bit on optical fiber can be accurately positioned.Wherein backwards to cloth
In deep pool scattering light it is not only sensitive to the variation of temperature and strain simultaneously, but also the linear pass of Brillouin shift and temperature and strain
System is applicable in long range, a wide range of, any position temperature, the real-time monitoring of strain very much.The mode that optical fiber is laid at present is main
There are two types of, one is comprehensive adhesion systems, be pasted on works completely after optical fiber is straightened, when structural body locally occur it is larger
When deformation, optical cable may be directly pulled off, and the maximum strain that general optical fiber can be born can not match Practical Project 1% to 2%
Big range of strain in environment；Another kind is fixed point adhesion system, is fixed on works after optical fiber is straightened with spaced points, and
Good protection can not be provided to optical cable by pinpointing adhesion system, and the O&M phase after making optical cable in construction and construction that is easy occurs disconnected
It splits, and is difficult to combine the spatial resolution of the space fineness and sensor-based system to structural body monitoring.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of spiral shell for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering
Constructional device is revolved, by being designed using helically coiling mode to the structure of sensing optic cable, by sensing optic cable longitudinal production originally
Raw pulling force is converted into screw type constrictive force, and the strain in short distance is averagely expanded on the intracorporal whole optical cable of pipe,
Both the range for having increased effectively sensing optic cable, also improves measurement accuracy.
Technical solution: to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: one kind being used for civil engineering
The helical structure device of middle distributing optical fiber sensing, interior tube body and outer tube body, protecting cover, folder including sensing optic cable, nested combination
Tool, protection sleeve pipe.A spiral helicine sliding rail is preset in interior tube surfaces, for installing sensing optic cable.
Sensing optic cable is turned into helicoidal structure in interior tube surfaces, then the interior tube body insertion for being wound with sensing optic cable is outer
In tube body, inside and outside tube length can be according to the designed, designed that needs in Practical Project, and length will be consistent, and interior tube body is straight
Diameter is less than outer tube body diameter.Outer tube body both ends are covered with protecting cover respectively, it is therefore intended that external tubular body space is isolated.Shield
Lid central lower is equipped with perforation, adds protection sleeve pipe respectively outside the sensing optic cable at interior tube body both ends, and protection sleeve pipe is logical
The protecting cover that protecting cover hole is pierced by outer tube body both ends is crossed, for protecting the sensing optic cable for being pierced by outer tube body.
Preferably, the protection sleeve pipe selects rubber tube；Protection sleeve pipe length is 5-10cm.
Preferably, said inner tube body selects ppr pipe, and the outer tube body selects pvc pipe；Interior tube body diameter is than outer tube body diameter
Small 2-3cm.
It is described to preset a spiral helicine sliding rail in interior tube surfaces, for installing sensing optic cable, including following two
Kind of mode: by fixing several a certain size positioning fixture in interior tube surfaces, allow sensing optic cable in positioning fixture
Interior free shuttling but will not be slid laterally in interior tube surfaces；Alternatively, in interior tube surfaces one smooth helical form of polishing
Groove slide sensing optic cable can only along the preset direction of groove when stretching, will not slide laterally along interior tube body surface.
Large scale civil engineering such as highway maintenance, slope monitoring and tunnel, bridge, in water-control project, due to outside
Different degrees of deformation can occur for the effect of load or environment, structural body, therefore, need to supervise structural body in engineering
It surveys, the structural body is measurand.When practical application, apparatus of the present invention are installed in structural body.
According to stress conduction pattern, the optical cable prestressing force plan of establishment of apparatus of the present invention can there are two types of, respectively correspond two
The different outer tube body end connection type of kind:
First, the protecting cover and protection sleeve pipe at outer tube body both ends are all not fixed at protecting cover hole, it is close to protecting cover with fixture respectively
The sensing optic cable of protection sleeve pipe and its inside is blocked in outside, and sensing optic cable, protection sleeve pipe and fixture can be synchronous to outside outer tube body
It stretches, but thus can not apply a prestressing force to outer tube body contract for the sensing optic cable inside outer tube body.When one
Multiple present apparatus of connecting on root sensing optic cable are in use, the strain of structural body can be transmitted to the outer tube of two section apparatus adjacent thereto
On sensing optic cable in body.
Second, the protecting cover and protection sleeve pipe of outer tube body one end are fixed together at protecting cover hole, reuse fixture and be close to shield
Outer side of lid blocks the sensing optic cable of protection sleeve pipe and its inside, produces relative sliding sensing optic cable not with outer tube body；Outer tube body
The protecting cover and protection sleeve pipe of the other end are not fixed at protecting cover hole, equally using fixture be close to protecting cover on the outside of block protection sleeve pipe and
Its internal sensing optic cable, sensing optic cable, protection sleeve pipe and fixture can be synchronous to outer tube body out-draw, but can not be to outer tube body
Contract thus can apply a prestressing force for the sensing optic cable inside outer tube body.In the production process, reservation protection set
The fixture for managing unlocked end can prevent sensing optic cable loose on the helical orbit of interior tube surfaces.In the construction process, by
It is fixed together in outer tube body and structural body, the fixture at the unlocked end of protection sleeve pipe can remove, and can also retain.Remove protection
After the fixture at the unlocked end of casing, according to the deformation direction of structural body, sensing optic cable can be to outer tube body out-draw, can also be to
Outer tube body contract can measure the strain of different directions；After the fixture at the unlocked end of reservation protection casing, it can only measure outward
The strain of tube body out-draw, but ensure that the integrality of structure in outer tube body.When multiple present apparatus of connecting on a sensing optic cable
In use, the strain of structural body can be only transmitted on the sensing optic cable in the outer tube body of a corresponding section apparatus.
Can connect multiple identical apparatus of the present invention on a piece sensing optic cable.The circle of interior tube body surface sensing optic cable coiling
Number can be configured according to actual needs.Length, diameter, the pipe thickness of every section of tube body can be as needed range, space point
Resolution and engineering demand are adjusted, and the length of each series connection tube body may be the same or different.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has technical effect beneficial below:
(1) present invention protects sensing optic cable, and a bit of optical cable being pierced by between tube body and tube body using each section of tube body
It is all protected by protection sleeve pipe, avoids optical cable in practical projects and be directly exposed to the risk being easily damaged in structural body.
(2) by helical form winding structure, optical cable, can bear pulling force-strain range expands several times to the present invention originally,
Greatly improve sensing optic cable measurement range in practical projects and service life all.
(3) present invention is respectively by two kinds of stress conduction patterns, when generating pulling force, only one section of tube body or adjacent two
Section manages intracorporal optical cable and generates strain, so that the strain on measurand minimum distance is transmitted to longer sensing optic cable length
On, improve the measurement accuracy to strain event.
(4) present invention can convenient in construction, reliably keep the prestressing force of optical cable.
(5) the configuration of the present invention is simple and low manufacture cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention local structural graph；
Fig. 3 is one schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention embodiment；
Fig. 4 is two schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention embodiment；
Fig. 5 is apparatus of the present invention inner space pictorial diagram；
Fig. 6 is that apparatus of the present invention are used in series schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the result figure that field experiment of the present invention measures；
Fig. 8 is the result partial enlarged view that field experiment of the present invention measures；
Wherein, 1- protection sleeve pipe, 2- fixture, 3- perforation, 4- protecting cover, 5- outer tube body, 6- interior tube body, 7- positioning fixture, 8-
Sensing optic cable, 9- protecting cover, 10- perforation, 11- fixture, 12- protection sleeve pipe.
Specific embodiment
Further description of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In conjunction with being illustrated for the slope monitoring in practical civil engineering.Since the Vierendeel girder in side slope has and side slope
The advantage for being firmly combined, laying convenient for gridding can become the effective support for laying optical cable.But Vierendeel girder is an entirety
Solid-state structure, when optical cable is directly poured wherein, the maximum strain that general optical fiber can be born is more than this between 1% to 2%
A limit, optical cable are easy to be pulled off.
A kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, including
Interior tube body 6, outer tube body 5, protecting cover 4,9, positioning fixture 7, protection sleeve pipe 1,12, fixture 2,11, sensing optic cable 8.Said inner tube body
Diameter is 40mm, length 0.5m；The outer tube body diameter is 59mm, length 0.5m.The protection sleeve pipe 1,12 selects rubber
Sebific duct.Said inner tube body 6 selects ppr pipe, and the outer tube body 5 selects pvc pipe.
Sensing optic cable 8 is turned into helicoidal structure on 6 surface of interior tube body, then the interior tube body 6 for being wound with sensing optic cable 8 is embedding
Enter in outer tube body 5,5 both ends of outer tube body are covered with protecting cover 4,9 respectively, it is therefore intended that 5 inner space of outer tube body is isolated.Shield
Lid 4,9 central lowers are equipped with perforation 3,10, and protection sleeve pipe 1,12 is added outside the sensing optic cable 8 at 6 both ends of interior tube body, protect
Protecting pipe 1,12 is pierced by the protecting cover 4,9 at 5 both ends of outer tube body by perforation 3,10 respectively, for protecting the sensing for being pierced by outer tube body 5
Optical cable 8.
By fixing 9 positioning fixtures 7 on 6 surface of interior tube body, a spiral helicine sliding rail is preset to sensing optic cable 8
Road.Each 7 length of positioning fixture be 2cm, be highly 8mm, can make sensing optic cable 8 in positioning fixture 7 free shuttling but
It will not be slid laterally again on 6 surface of interior tube body.Sensing optic cable 8 passes through 7 helically coiling of positioning fixture on 6 surface of interior tube body, altogether
Coiling 9 is enclosed, and making 8 length of sensing optic cable of coiling is 3 times of 6 length of interior tube body.
According to stress conduction pattern, the optical cable prestressing force plan of establishment of apparatus of the present invention can there are two types of, respectively correspond two
The different outer tube body end connection type of kind, the partial enlarged view of outer tube body end is as shown in Fig. 2, specific implementation is as follows:
Embodiment one, protection sleeve pipe 1,12 and protecting cover 4,9 are all not fixed at perforation 3,10, are close to respectively with fixture 2,11
Block the sensing optic cable 8 of protection sleeve pipe 1,12 and its inside in 4,9 outside of protecting cover；Sensing optic cable 8, protection sleeve pipe 1 and fixture 2 can be with
It synchronizes to 5 out-draw of outer tube body, but can not be to 5 contract of outer tube body, sensing optic cable 8, protection sleeve pipe 12 and fixture 11 can be same
It walks to 5 out-draw of outer tube body, but can not thus be applied to 5 contract of outer tube body for the sensing optic cable 8 inside outer tube body 5
Add a prestressing force.
As shown in figure 3, when multiple the present embodiment devices of connecting on a sensing optic cable are in use, assume in arbitrary neighborhood
There is strain case point C between two section apparatus A, B, strain event is slopes stretcher strain event, since the both ends device A, B press from both sides
The synchronous movement of tool, protection sleeve pipe and sensing optic cable, slopes strain will and can only be transmitted to the biography in device A and device B
On sensing optical cable.
Embodiment two, protection sleeve pipe 12 are pierced by from the perforation 10 on the protecting cover 9 of 5 one end of outer tube body, protecting cover 9 and protection sleeve pipe
12 are fixed at perforation 10 with epoxide-resin glue, are reused fixture 11 and are close to clamp protection sleeve pipe 12 and its inside on the outside of protecting cover 9
Sensing optic cable 8, produce relative sliding sensing optic cable 8 not with outer tube body 5.Protecting cover 4 and protection sleeve pipe 1 be not solid at perforation 3
It is fixed, it is close to clamp the sensing optic cable 8 of protection sleeve pipe 1 and its inside, sensing optic cable 8, protection sleeve pipe 1 on the outside of protecting cover 4 using fixture 2
Can be synchronous to 5 out-draw of outer tube body with fixture 2, but can not be to 5 contract of outer tube body, it thus can be for inside outer tube body 5
Sensing optic cable 8 apply a prestressing force.In the production process, retaining fixture 2 can prevent sensing optic cable 8 in 6 table of interior tube body
It is loose on the helical orbit in face.In the construction process, together with being poured due to outer tube body 5 with side slope framework beam, fixture 2 can be gone
Fall, can also retain.After removing fixture 2, according to the deformation direction of Vierendeel girder, sensing optic cable 8 can to 5 out-draw of outer tube body,
The strain of different directions can also can be measured to 5 contract of outer tube body；After retaining fixture 2, only it can measure outside outside tube body 5
The strain of stretching, but ensure that the integrality of structure in outer tube body 5.
As shown in figure 4, when connect on a sensing optic cable multiple identical the present embodiment devices when, if arbitrary neighborhood connect
Two section apparatus A, B, the sensing optic cable of device A, B right end is all fixed, i.e., sensing optic cable and outer tube body do not generate relatively sliding
It is dynamic；Sensing optic cable, protection sleeve pipe and the fixture of the left end device A, B can synchronous movements, it can and it is synchronous to outer tube body out-draw, but
It can not be to outer tube body contract；Assuming that there is strain case point C between device A, B, strain event is slopes stretcher strain thing
Part, since the sensing optic cable of device A right end is not produced relative sliding with outer tube body, fixture, protection sleeve pipe and the biography of the left end device B
Sensing optical cable can synchronous movement, slopes strain will and can only be transmitted on the sensing optic cable in device B.
Fig. 5 illustrates the structure in tubular body space.Fig. 6 illustrates the helical structure device produced according to embodiment two
Ea、Eb、EcSeries connection pictorial diagram, the sensing optic cable of every section apparatus right end are all fixed, and the sensing optic cable of left end can freely live
It is dynamic.
A kind of expressway slope monitoring method of the helical structure device based on distributing optical fiber sensing, including following step
It is rapid:
(1) concatenated three sections of helical structure devices E on a sensing optic cable is produced according to embodiment twoa、Eb、Ec；
(2) three sections of tandem arrangements are accessed in BOTDR system by optical cable connecting box；
(3) it selects one section of slopes and selects a position, a length of l, a depth to be arranged at this location in this section of slopes
The ditch that degree is h stitches；In this method embodiment, slopes length L=1000m, selected position is at slopes 500m, and ditch stitches length
L=2m, ditch stitch depth h=30cm；
(4) three sections of tandem arrangements are placed in ditch seam, and burial compacting of banketing；
(5) E is being buriedcApply external loads on the soil body of section apparatus, soil body surface generates displacement, to Eb、EcBetween section apparatus
Sensing optic cable generate stretching, stress conducts to EcOn sensing optic cable internal optical fiber in section apparatus and generate strain；
(6) since step (5) strain can both change the refractive index of optical fiber by elasto-optical effect, poplar can also be passed through
Family name's modulus, Poisson's ratio and density of optic fibre change the velocity of sound in optical fiber；Velocity of sound υ in optical fiberaIt is expressed as follows:
Wherein, Y is Young's modulus, and κ is Poisson's ratio, and ρ is the density of optical fiber；
Brillouin spectrum frequency displacement v in optical fiber is obtained according to the velocity of sound in optical fiberB, it may be assumed that
Wherein, n is the refractive index of optical fiber, and v is pumping light frequency, and c is the light velocity in vacuum；
Pass through step (5) EcThe offset Δ v of Brillouin spectrum frequency displacement in the optical fiber of section apparatusBIt calculates in the section apparatus
The strain value ε that optical fiber generates, formula are as follows:
ΔvB=(Δ nε+ΔYε+Δκε+Δρε)vB(T0,0)ε
Wherein, vB(T0, 0) and it is not apply Brillouin spectrum frequency shift amount under strained condition, T0Indicate room temperature, 0 indicates no strain；
ΔYε、Δκε、Δρε、ΔnεRespectively Young's modulus Y, Poisson's ratio κ, the density p of optical fiber, optical fiber refractive index n done at ε=0
The first order of Taylor expansion；The strain regime of external loads event point slopes is finally obtained according to strain value ε inverting.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates the sensing optic cable device of two designs through the embodiment of the present invention, is surveyed using above-mentioned test method
Examination as a result, can significantly find out at 500m there is external loads generation.
The above is only certain embodiments of the invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, other improvement can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvement also should be regarded as the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering, it is characterised in that: the device includes interior
Tube body (6), outer tube body (5), protecting cover (4), (9), protection sleeve pipe (1), (12), fixture (2), (11), sensing optic cable (8)；It is inside and outside
Tube length is consistent, and interior tube body (6) diameter is less than outer tube body (5) diameter；In one spiral of interior tube body (6) surface programming
The sliding rail of shape, for installing sensing optic cable (8)；By sensing optic cable (8) in the spiral knot of interior tube body (6) surface coiling
Structure, then will be wound with sensing optic cable (8) interior tube body (6) insertion outer tube body (5) in, outer tube body (5) both ends use respectively protecting cover (4),
(9) it covers；Protecting cover (4), (9) central lower are equipped with perforation (3), (10)；Positioned at interior tube body (6) both ends sensing optic cable (8) outside
Portion adds protection sleeve pipe (1), (12), and protection sleeve pipe (1), (12) are pierced by outer tube body (5) two by perforation (3), (10) respectively
The protecting cover (4) at end, (9)；
Protecting cover (9) and protection sleeve pipe (12) are fixed at perforation (10), are close to clamp protection on the outside of protecting cover (9) using fixture (11)
Casing (12) and its sensing optic cable (8) of inside, produce relative sliding sensing optic cable (8) not with outer tube body (5)；Protecting cover (4)
Be not fixed at perforation (3) with protection sleeve pipe (1), using fixture (2) be close to protecting cover (4) on the outside of clamp protection sleeve pipe (1) and its
Internal sensing optic cable (8), sensing optic cable (8), protection sleeve pipe (1) are synchronous with fixture (2) to outer tube body (5) out-draw, but nothing
Normal direction outer tube body (5) contract.
2. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 1, special
Sign is: it is described in one spiral helicine sliding rail of interior tube body (6) surface programming, it is by being fixed on interior tube body (6) surface
Several positioning fixtures (7) preset a spiral helicine sliding rail to sensing optic cable (8)；Each positioning fixture (7) makes to pass
Sensing optical cable (8) is in positioning fixture (7) interior free shuttling but will not slide laterally on interior tube body (6) surface；Sensing optic cable (8) is worn
Positioning fixture (7) helically coiling is crossed on interior tube body (6) surface.
3. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 1, special
Sign is: it is described in one spiral helicine sliding rail of interior tube body (6) surface programming, refer in interior tube body (6) surface polishing one
The smooth helical groove of item slide sensing optic cable (8) can only along the preset direction of groove when stretching, will not be along interior
Tube body (6) surface slides laterally.
4. a kind of helical structure dress for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 1 to 3
It sets, it is characterised in that: rubber tube is selected in the protection sleeve pipe (1), (12)；Said inner tube body (6) selects ppr pipe, the outer tube
Body (5) selects pvc pipe；The protecting cover (9) and protection sleeve pipe (12) are fixed at perforation (10) with epoxide-resin glue.
5. a kind of helical structure dress for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 1 to 3
It sets, it is characterised in that: when removing fixture (2), sensing optic cable (8) is drawn according to different deformation directions to outer tube body (5) outside
It stretches, or to outer tube body (5) contract, measures the strain of different directions.
6. a kind of helical structure dress for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 1 to 3
It sets, it is characterised in that: multiple identical present apparatus of connecting on a sensing optic cable；Interior tube body (6) surface sensing optic cable (8) coiling
Circle number be configured according to actual needs；Length, diameter, the pipe thickness of every section of tube body range as needed, space point
Resolution and engineering demand are adjusted.
7. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering, it is characterised in that: the device includes interior
Tube body (6), outer tube body (5), protecting cover (4), (9), protection sleeve pipe (1), (12), fixture (2), (11), sensing optic cable (8)；It is inside and outside
Tube length is consistent, and interior tube body (6) diameter is less than outer tube body (5) diameter；In one spiral of interior tube body (6) surface programming
The sliding rail of shape, for installing sensing optic cable (8)；By sensing optic cable (8) in the spiral knot of interior tube body (6) surface coiling
Structure, then will be wound with sensing optic cable (8) interior tube body (6) insertion outer tube body (5) in, outer tube body (5) both ends use respectively protecting cover (4),
(9) it covers；Protecting cover (4), (9) central lower are equipped with perforation (3), (10)；Positioned at interior tube body (6) both ends sensing optic cable (8) outside
Portion adds protection sleeve pipe (1), (12), and protection sleeve pipe (1), (12) are pierced by outer tube body (5) two by perforation (3), (10) respectively
The protecting cover (4) at end, (9)；
Protection sleeve pipe (1), (12) and protecting cover (4), (9) are not fixed at perforation (3), (10), tight with fixture (2), (11) respectively
The sensing optic cable (8) of protection sleeve pipe (1), (12) and its inside, sensing optic cable (8), protective case are blocked on the outside of patch protecting cover (4), (9)
Pipe (1) is synchronous with fixture (2) to outer tube body (5) out-draw, but can not be to outer tube body (5) contract；Sensing optic cable (8), protection
Casing (12) is synchronous with fixture (11) to outer tube body (5) out-draw, but can not be to outer tube body (5) contract.
8. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 7, special
Sign is: it is described in one spiral helicine sliding rail of interior tube body (6) surface programming, it is by being fixed on interior tube body (6) surface
Several positioning fixtures (7) preset a spiral helicine sliding rail to sensing optic cable (8)；Each positioning fixture (7) makes to pass
Sensing optical cable (8) is in positioning fixture (7) interior free shuttling but will not slide laterally on interior tube body (6) surface；Sensing optic cable (8) is worn
Positioning fixture (7) helically coiling is crossed on interior tube body (6) surface.
9. a kind of helical structure device for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering according to claim 7, special
Sign is: it is described in one spiral helicine sliding rail of interior tube body (6) surface programming, refer in interior tube body (6) surface polishing one
The smooth helical groove of item slide sensing optic cable (8) can only along the preset direction of groove when stretching, will not be along interior
Tube body (6) surface slides laterally.
10. being filled according to a kind of any helical structure for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering of claim 7-9
It sets, it is characterised in that: rubber tube is selected in the protection sleeve pipe (1), (12)；Said inner tube body (6) selects ppr pipe, the outer tube
Body (5) selects pvc pipe.
11. being filled according to a kind of any helical structure for distributing optical fiber sensing in civil engineering of claim 7-9
It sets, it is characterised in that: multiple identical present apparatus of connecting on a sensing optic cable；Interior tube body (6) surface sensing optic cable (8) coiling
Circle number be configured according to actual needs；Length, diameter, the pipe thickness of every section of tube body range as needed, space point
Resolution and engineering demand are adjusted.
12. a kind of expressway slope monitoring method that -3 any described devices are realized according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Method includes the following steps:
(1) concatenated three sections of helical structure devices E on a sensing optic cable is produceda、Eb、Ec；
(2) three sections of tandem arrangements are accessed in BOTDR system by optical cable connecting box；
(3) it selects one section of slopes and selects a position, an a length of l, depth h to be arranged at this location in this section of slopes
Ditch seam；
(4) three sections of tandem arrangements are placed in ditch seam, and burial compacting of banketing；
(5) E is being buriedcApply external loads on the soil body of section apparatus, soil body surface generates displacement, to Eb、EcBiography between section apparatus
Sensing optical cable generates stretching, and stress is conducted to EcOn sensing optic cable internal optical fiber in section apparatus and generate strain；
(6) step (5) strain changes the velocity of sound in optical fiber by Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and density of optic fibre；In optical fiber
Velocity of sound υaIt is expressed as follows:
Wherein, Y is Young's modulus, and κ is Poisson's ratio, and ρ is the density of optical fiber；
Brillouin spectrum frequency displacement v in optical fiber is obtained according to the velocity of sound in optical fiberB, it may be assumed that
Wherein, n is the refractive index of optical fiber, and v is pumping light frequency, and c is the light velocity in vacuum；
Pass through step (5) EcThe offset Δ v of Brillouin spectrum frequency displacement in the optical fiber of section apparatusBCalculate optical fiber in the section apparatus
The strain value ε of generation, formula are as follows:
ΔvB=(Δ nε+ΔYε+Δκε+Δρε)vB(T0,0)ε
Wherein, vB(T0, 0) and it is not apply Brillouin spectrum frequency shift amount under strained condition, T0Indicate room temperature, 0 indicates no strain；ΔYε、
Δκε、Δρε、ΔnεRespectively Young's modulus Y, Poisson's ratio κ, the density p of optical fiber, optical fiber refractive index n Taylor is at ε=0
The first order of expansion；The strain regime of external loads event point slopes is finally obtained according to strain value ε inverting.
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