CN110055423B - Method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst - Google Patents
Method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN110055423B CN110055423B CN201910437568.2A CN201910437568A CN110055423B CN 110055423 B CN110055423 B CN 110055423B CN 201910437568 A CN201910437568 A CN 201910437568A CN 110055423 B CN110055423 B CN 110055423B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst, which is characterized in that the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is finely ground and then is subjected to pressure leaching in a sodium hydroxide solution, so that gamma-A1 in the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is obtained2O3Partially dissolving and converting the cordierite carrier in the catalyst into sodalite which is easily dissolved in an acid system; the produced pressure leaching slag is subjected to acid leaching, rare earth elements enter the acid leaching solution, and platinum, palladium and rhodium elements are retained in the slag, so that the separation of platinum, palladium, rhodium and rare earth is realized; and adding sodium sulfate into the acidic leaching solution to form sulfuric acid rare earth compound salt precipitate, recovering rare earth elements, and further treating the acidic insoluble slag to recover platinum, palladium and rhodium metal. The leaching rate of lanthanum and yttrium reaches more than 95%, platinum, palladium and rhodium in the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst are enriched by more than 13 times, subsequent extraction of noble metals is facilitated, and the comprehensive recovery rate of lanthanum and yttrium reaches more than 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wet metallurgy process in the metallurgy field, in particular to a method for effectively enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst.
Background
The automobile catalyst is an important way for controlling automobile exhaust emission and reducing pollution in the fuel locomotive industry. The current mainstream automobile catalyst is prepared from a carrier (2 MgO.2A 1)2O3·5SiO2Or 2 FeO.2A 12O3·0.5SiO2) Surface coating (gamma-A1)2O3) The platinum group metals in the secondary resources are effectively recovered, so that the problem of resource shortage is solved, and the method comprises the following steps of preparing active substances (Pt, Pd and Rh) and auxiliary agents (rare earth or alkaline earth element oxides such as Ce, L a, Ba, Sr and Zr), wherein the content of noble metals is generally more than 0.05%, and the rare earth elements are about 4% -8%, the current annual platinum group metal yield in the world is about 300t, 90% of the platinum group metals are from Russia, south Africa and other countries, the platinum group metal reserves and the yield in China are extremely low, and the worldwide yield is less than 1%, and the effective recovery of the platinum group metals in the secondary resources is realizedOne of the effective approaches to the problem, therefore, research on the recovery of platinum group metals and rare earths from spent automotive catalysts has a very positive significance.
Depending on the differences in chemical composition and properties of the catalyst, many researchers have proposed different treatment methods for recovering valuable metals from catalysts for purifying automobile exhaust gases. Adding a fusing agent and an oxidant to mix with an automobile catalyst, and recovering valuable metals in a leaching mode after high-temperature calcination; there are also methods for recovering valuable metals by means of sulfating roasting; for the metal-supported automobile catalyst, valuable metals are recovered by a high-temperature smelting method.
In the invention patent CN102899498A (Zhangze Biao, et al, a method for leaching platinum group metals from spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst, China, 201210368339.8[ P ]]2013-01-30), pulverizing the spent catalyst, fine grinding, and adding flux (NaHSO)4) And an oxidizing agent (NaClO or NaClO)3) Mixing, calcining at high temperature, soaking the calcined product in water at normal temperature, and adding oxidant (H) into the filter residue2O2) And hydrochloric acid, filtering and washing to obtain a solution containing platinum group metals platinum, palladium and rhodium. The invention has high leaching rate to platinum group metals, particularly the leaching rate of rhodium reaches more than 99 percent, but the impurity element content in the solution is high, the subsequent separation and extraction are difficult, and the effective application can not be obtained.
In the invention patent CN105671304A (Donghai steel, et al, a method for recovering rare earth and platinum group metals from spent automobile exhaust purification catalysts, China, 201610102182.2P, 2016-06-15), spent automobile exhaust purification catalysts are finely ground, mixed with sulfuric acid, sulfated and roasted, then acid-leached with dilute sulfuric acid, rare earth elements are recovered from the acid-leached liquid, and platinum group metals are recovered from the acid-leached residues. The method adopts a vulcanization roasting mode to recover valuable metals, has poor operation environment and serious pollution to the environment.
In the invention patent CN106282568A (Van Xingxi, et al., a method for enriching platinum group metals from a metal carrier of a spent automobile exhaust catalyst, China, 201510285196.8 P.2017-01-04), the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is melted at high temperature, then cooled or atomized and sprayed to form fine alloy, then acid is added to selectively leach out alkali metals, and platinum group metal concentrate is obtained through filtration and washing, so that the high-efficiency enrichment of the platinum group metals is realized. The method does not need to additionally add any trapping agent, is simple to operate, but needs to adopt a high-temperature smelting furnace such as a plasma electric furnace and the like, has higher energy consumption requirement, has certain limitation, and can extract valuable metals from the catalyst for treating the cordierite carrier by adding the additional trapping agent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently enriching platinum, palladium, rhodium and rare earth elements in a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to achieve the aim is as follows: after being finely ground, the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is subjected to pressure leaching in sodium hydroxide solution to ensure that the gamma-A1 in the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is2O3Partially dissolving and converting the cordierite carrier in the catalyst into sodalite which is easily dissolved in an acid system; the produced pressure leaching slag is subjected to acid leaching, rare earth elements enter the acid leaching solution, and platinum, palladium and rhodium elements are still remained in the slag, so that the separation of platinum, palladium, rhodium and rare earth is realized; and adding sodium sulfate into the acidic leaching solution to form sulfuric acid rare earth compound salt precipitate so as to recover rare earth elements, and further treating the acidic insoluble slag to recover metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and the like.
The specific technological process and technical parameters are as follows:
1. pressure alkaline leaching
Crushing and fine grinding the ineffective automobile exhaust purification catalyst to the particle size range of below 0.149mm, mixing the grinded ineffective catalyst with a sodium hydroxide solution, adding the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the mass of the sodium hydroxide to be 0.5-3.0 times of the mass of the ineffective automobile exhaust purification catalyst, controlling the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of the liquid volume m L to the mass g of the ineffective automobile exhaust purification catalyst) to be 3-8: 1, stirring at the speed of 300-600 rpm, heating to 150-250 ℃, reacting for 2-4 h, and filtering and washing after the reaction is finished to obtain a pressurized leaching solution and pressurized leaching slag.
2. Acid leaching
The method comprises the steps of carrying out acid leaching on pressurized leaching residues with 1.0-4.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, controlling the liquid-solid ratio (the ratio of liquid volume m L to pressurized leaching residues in mass g) to be 5-15: 1, then adding a reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, controlling the volume fraction of the hydrazine hydrate to be 0.1-0.5% of the volume of the solution, carrying out acid leaching for 0.5-4.0 h, controlling the acid leaching temperature to be 50-90 ℃, stirring at the speed of 300-600 rpm, filtering and washing after reaction to obtain acid leaching leachate and acid leaching insoluble residues, wherein the acid leaching leachate is used for recovering rare earth elements, and the acid leaching insoluble residues are used for further recovering platinum group metal elements.
3. Precipitation of double salts
Adding sodium hydroxide into the acid leaching solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 0.5-3.0, then adding sodium sulfate, and controlling the mass of the sodium sulfate to be 3-10 of that of the rare earth in the solution: 1, the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃, the reaction time is 15-60 min, and the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm. Filtering, washing and drying to obtain the rare earth sulfate double salt precipitate.
The sodium hydroxide, the sodium sulfate, the hydrochloric acid and the hydrazine hydrate are all industrial reagents.
The catalyst for purifying the waste automobile exhaust comprises, by mass, 5.0-30.0% of Al, 5.0-30.0% of Si, 0.1-5.0% of L a, 0.01-2.0% of Y, 1.0-15.0% of Ce, 20.0-500.0 g/t of Pt, 30.0-800.0 g/t of Pd, and 5.0-300.0 g/t of Rh.
Compared with the traditional method for recovering and treating the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst, the method has the following advantages: (1) the leaching under pressure can convert the insoluble cordierite carrier in the catalyst into the sodalite with an acid system which is soluble, when the leaching under pressure slag is leached by hydrochloric acid solution, the leaching rate of aluminum and silicon is more than 94 percent, and the leaching rate of lanthanum and yttrium reaches more than 95 percent, so that platinum, palladium and rhodium in the ineffective automobile exhaust purification catalyst are enriched by more than 13 times, which is beneficial to the subsequent extraction of noble metal; (2) the recovery of rare earth elements can be realized through acid leaching and double salt precipitation, wherein the comprehensive recovery rate of lanthanum and yttrium elements reaches more than 90%; (3) the alkaline pressure leaching has small corrosion to equipment, safe operation and good comprehensive recovery benefit of valuable metals; (4) the invention has the advantages of low labor intensity, short processing time and good operating environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the process flow diagram of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The catalyst comprises the following specific components of 17.97% of Al, 17.78% of Si, 0.58% of L a, 0.28% of Y, 4.02% of Ce, 113.5g/t of Pt113 g/t, 212g/t of Pd and 73g/t of Rh.
Industrial sodium hydroxide, the NaOH content of which is more than or equal to 96 percent; technical grade sodium sulfate, Na thereof2SO4The content is more than or equal to 96 percent; industrial grade hydrochloric acid, the HCl content of which is 36% -38%; technical grade hydrazine hydrate, N2H4·H2The content of O is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Taking 15.00g of a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst with the granularity of less than 0.149mm after fine grinding, mixing the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst with 12.00g of sodium hydroxide, adding the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, then adding 75m L of deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 400rpm, slowly heating the mixture to 150 ℃, reacting for 3.0h, filtering and washing the mixture after the reaction is finished to obtain 200m L of pressurized leachate and 19.03g of pressurized leachate, wherein the components of the pressurized leachate comprise Si 2.38 g/L, Al 2.47 g/L a 9.50 mg/L, Y2.50 mg/L, Ce 10.00 mg/L and the content of platinum, palladium and rhodium is basically zero, wherein the slag rate of the pressurized leachate is 126.87%, and the leaching rates of cerium, lanthanum and yttrium are respectively 0.33%, 2.18% and 1.19%.
10.00g of the pressure leaching residue is taken, acid leaching is carried out by using 150m L1.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, 0.15m L of hydrazine hydrate is added, the acid leaching time is 2h, the acid leaching temperature is 80 ℃, the stirring speed is 400rpm, after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and 250m L g of acid leaching solution and 1.01g of acid leaching insoluble residue are obtained, wherein the components of the acid leaching solution comprise 4.38 g/L of Al, 4.37 g/L a 170.48 mg/L of Y83.63 mg/L of Ce 404.87 mg/L, the acid leaching residue rate of the acid insoluble residue is 10.10%, the acid leaching rates of aluminum and silicon are respectively 94.85% and 94.63%, the acid leaching rates of yttrium are respectively 95.30% and 95.87%, and platinum, palladium and rhodium are basically enriched in the acid insoluble residue and are respectively enriched in 13.74 times, 13.61 times and 13.58 times of acid leaching of platinum group metals.
Taking 200m L acid leaching solution, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide to the acid leaching solution until the pH value of the solution is 2.0, then adding 0.70g of sodium sulfate, reacting at 50 ℃, stirring at 300rpm for 15min, filtering and washing after the reaction is finished to obtain 300m L of filtrate and 0.41g of precipitate, wherein the components of the filtrate are L a 3.40 mg/L, Y1.40 mg/L, Ce 6.93 mg/L, the precipitation rates of cerium, lanthanum and yttrium are respectively 97.66%, 97.01% and 97.49%, and the comprehensive recovery rates of lanthanum and yttrium are respectively 92.48% and 93.42%.
Example 2
The catalyst comprises the following specific components of 17.82% of Si, 17.94% of Al, 0.60% of L a, 0.29% of Y, 4.12% of Ce, 115.4g/t of Pt115.4g/t, 221.5g/t of Pd, and 78.2g/t of Rh.
Industrial sodium hydroxide, the NaOH content of which is more than or equal to 96 percent; technical grade sodium sulfate, Na thereof2SO4The content is more than or equal to 96 percent; industrial grade hydrochloric acid, the HCl content of which is 36% -38%; technical grade hydrazine hydrate, N2H4·H2The content of O is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Taking 15.00g of a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst with the granularity of less than 0.149mm after fine grinding, mixing the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst with 30.00g of sodium hydroxide, adding the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, then adding 90m L of deionized water, controlling the stirring speed to be 600rpm, slowly heating the mixture to 200 ℃, reacting for 4.0h, filtering and washing the mixture after the reaction is finished to obtain 200m L of pressurized leachate and 19.06g of pressurized leachate, wherein the components of the pressurized leachate comprise Al 2.45 g/L, Si 2.41 g/L a 9.98 mg/L, Y3.01 mg/L, Ce 14.98 mg/L and platinum, palladium and rhodium, and the content of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium is basically zero, wherein the leaching rate of the pressurized leachate is 127.07%, and the leaching rates of cerium, lanthanum and yttrium are respectively 0.49%, 2.22% and 1.38%.
10.00g of the pressure leaching residue is taken, acid leaching is carried out by using 100m L3.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, 0.50m L of hydrazine hydrate is added, the acid leaching time is 1.5h, the acid leaching temperature is 60 ℃, the stirring speed is 600rpm, after the reaction is finished, 250m L of acid leaching solution and 1.03g of acid leaching insoluble residue are obtained by filtering and washing, the components of the acid leaching solution are Al 4.37 g/L, Si 4.36 g/L a 175.48mg/L, Y85.63 mg/L and Ce 448.26 mg/L, the acid leaching residue insoluble residue rate is 10.30%, the leaching rates of aluminum and silicon are 94.67% and 94.84%, the leaching rates of lanthanum and yttrium are 95.02% and 95.11%, platinum, palladium and rhodium are basically enriched in the acid leaching insoluble residue, and the enrichment times are respectively 13.52 times, 13.48 times and 13.94 times.
Taking 200m L acid leaching solution, adding a proper amount of sodium hydroxide to the acid leaching solution until the pH value of the solution is 2.2, then adding 1.00g of sodium sulfate, reacting at 60 ℃, stirring at 500rpm for 20min, after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing to obtain 300m L of filtrate and 0.43g of precipitate, wherein the components of the filtrate are L a 3.41 mg/L, Y1.50 mg/L, Ce 8.62 mg/L, the precipitation rates of cerium, lanthanum and yttrium are 97.12%, 97.09% and 97.37%, and the comprehensive recovery rates of lanthanum and yttrium are 92.29% and 92.58%.
Claims (3)
1. A method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in a spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. pressure alkaline leaching
Crushing and finely grinding the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst to be less than 0.149mm, then mixing the ground spent catalyst with a sodium hydroxide solution, adding the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, wherein the mass of the sodium hydroxide is controlled to be 0.5-3.0 times of the mass of the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst, the liquid-solid ratio, namely the ratio of the liquid volume m L to the mass g of the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst, is 3-8: 1, the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm, heating is carried out to 150-250 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 2-4 hours;
B. acid leaching
Acid leaching the pressure leaching slag with 1.0-4.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, controlling the liquid-solid ratio, namely the ratio of the liquid volume m L to the weight g of the pressure leaching slag is 5-15: 1, then adding a reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrazine hydrate is 0.1-0.5% of the volume of the solution, the acid leaching time is 0.5-4.0 h, the acid leaching temperature is 50-90 ℃, the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm, filtering and washing after the reaction is finished to obtain acid leaching leachate and acid leaching insoluble slag, wherein the acid leaching leachate is used for recovering rare earth elements, and the acid leaching insoluble slag is used for further recovering platinum group metal elements;
C. precipitation of double salts
Adding sodium hydroxide into the acid leaching solution to adjust the pH value of the solution to 0.5-3.0, adding sodium sulfate, and controlling the mass of the sodium sulfate to be 3-10 of the mass of the rare earth in the solution: 1, the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃, the reaction time is 15-60 min, the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm, and the rare earth sulfate double salt precipitate is obtained by filtering, washing and drying.
2. The method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earths in spent automotive exhaust gas purification catalysts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sodium hydroxide, the sodium sulfate, the hydrochloric acid and the hydrazine hydrate are all industrial reagents.
3. The method for enriching platinum group metals and rare earth in the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the spent automobile exhaust purification catalyst comprises, by mass, 5.0-30.0% of Al, 5.0-30.0% of Si, 0.1-5.0% of L a, 0.01-2.0% of Y, 1.0-15.0% of Ce, 20.0-500.0 g/t of Pt, 30.0-800.0 g/t of Pd and 5.0-300.0 g/t of Rh.
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CN111334676A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-26 | 河北天蓝环保科技有限公司 | Treatment method of spent rare earth-containing catalyst |
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CN112921181A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所 | Method for recovering platinum group metal in automobile waste catalyst |
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CN113293301B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-05-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recovering platinum group metals from metal carrier waste automobile exhaust catalyst |
CN114934180B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-01-24 | 中南大学 | Method for enriching ruthenium in alumina-based waste ruthenium-loaded catalyst |
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CN105671304A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | Method for recycling rare earth and platinum group metal from spent automobile emission purification catalyst |
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CN105506288A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-04-20 | 上海派特贵金属环保科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for recycling platinum from invalid automobile exhaust catalyst |
CN105671304A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | Method for recycling rare earth and platinum group metal from spent automobile emission purification catalyst |
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