CN110030001B - Construction method for mountain tunnel to go out of hole - Google Patents
Construction method for mountain tunnel to go out of hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN110030001B CN110030001B CN201910461546.XA CN201910461546A CN110030001B CN 110030001 B CN110030001 B CN 110030001B CN 201910461546 A CN201910461546 A CN 201910461546A CN 110030001 B CN110030001 B CN 110030001B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for a mountain tunnel to go out of a tunnel, wherein tunneling is suspended within a safe distance, a simple working platform is piled up by utilizing partial stone slag generated in the front-stage excavation process for construction advance support and blasting shock wave prevention, a protective net is hung by utilizing a grouting guide pipe which is dug outwards from the tunnel, then controlled blasting is carried out for a few times according to the designed construction sequence to form a slag-out funnel, and meanwhile, mechanical excavation is combined, so that the tunnel is gone out in a circular operation mode. According to the invention, the stone slag is used for piling the simple working platform and the inclination angle and the size of the slag discharging funnel are adjusted, so that the problems caused by adverse factors such as steep terrain, falling stones and flying stones in the tunnel discharging process are solved to a certain extent, the influence on the surrounding environment in the tunnel discharging process is minimized, and the construction environmental protection and safety are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction methods, in particular to a construction method for a mountain tunnel to go out of a tunnel.
Background
Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground and are a form of human use of underground space. The tunnel can be divided into a traffic tunnel, a hydraulic tunnel, a municipal tunnel and a mine tunnel. The structure of the tunnel comprises two parts, namely a main building and accessory equipment. The main building is composed of a tunnel body and a tunnel door, the auxiliary equipment comprises a car-avoiding tunnel, fire-fighting equipment, emergency communication and water-proof and drainage equipment, and the long and large tunnel is also provided with special ventilation and lighting equipment.
At present, the mode of tunneling from a tunnel entrance to a tunnel exit at the other end by using a single head is mostly adopted for the tunnel exit of a short tunnel and a small tunnel, and when the tunnel exit is constructed, a large amount of stone slag is usually generated and directly discharged from the tunnel exit. When residential buildings, roads, crops and the like exist under the mountains, certain damage can be caused, and obviously, the extensive construction mode is not preferable. Meanwhile, considering the problem of ecological environment protection, it is very important to adopt an economic, environment-friendly and effective hole-exiting mode.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the rock ballast damages the surrounding environment when the tunnel is constructed to the exit hole in the prior art is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for mountain tunnel cave exit, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and ensure that tunnel cave exit construction can effectively protect existing buildings or landforms under mountains.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a construction method for mountain tunnel exit, which comprises the following steps:
step one, when a tunnel body is excavated to a tunnel outlet, a tunnel face is suspended to be driven forwards, stone slag generated by excavation of the tunnel body is accumulated to form a simple working platform, and a gap is formed between the simple working platform and a surrounding rock face to be excavated;
step two, arranging a pipe shed support at the top of the excavated tunnel face, wherein the distance between the pipe shed support and the hole outlet is equal to the diameter of the hole body, and a steel pipe of the pipe shed support is obliquely and obliquely arranged towards the hole outlet;
thirdly, arranging a grouting guide pipe at the bottom of the inverted arch, wherein the axis of the grouting guide pipe is parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the grouting guide pipe extends out of the mountain side slope, a protective net is arranged outside the mountain side slope, one end of the protective net is fixed on the grouting guide pipe, and the height of the protective net is higher than that of the tunnel body;
step four, smooth blasting construction
A. Forming a free face through a vertical wedge-shaped cut, wherein the aperture, the blast hole row spacing and the hole depth of the vertical wedge-shaped cut are set according to the type of surrounding rock;
B. carrying out blasting design according to actual surrounding rock conditions, excavation sections, blasting equipment and construction difficulty;
C. blasting construction is carried out from top to bottom in a mode of multiple times and small quantity, and a slag discharging funnel is formed after blasting due to the fact that the palm surface has gradient;
D. excavating the residual rock mass in the blasting range by a mechanical excavation mode to penetrate through the tunnel face, wherein during excavation, the cross section direction of the tunnel is according to the excavation sequence from two sides to the middle, and the vertical direction is according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom;
E. the novel stone slag generated by blasting excavation is accumulated to form a novel simple working platform, the novel simple working platform is used for primary support, and the stone slag which is not needed in the prior simple working platform is transported out from the hole inlet;
F. circularly operating by adopting the A-E method until the excavation of the tunnel face is finished;
and fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, transporting all the residual stone slag in the tunnel out of the tunnel entrance to finish the tunnel exit.
Preferably, in the first step, when the distance between the excavated hole body and the hole outlet is 4-8m, forward tunneling is suspended.
Preferably, in the step one, the simple working platform is trapezoidal.
Preferably, in the second step, the diameter of the steel pipe supported by the pipe shed is 96 mm.
Preferably, in the third step, the distance of the grouting guide pipe extending out of the mountain slope is 2 m.
Preferably, in the fourth step, a method of shortening or staggering the blast hole and controlling the total explosive quantity is adopted to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock.
Preferably, the tunnel is in a bolting mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the construction method for the mountain tunnel to go out of the tunnel stops tunneling within a safe distance, utilizes part of stone slag generated in the front-section excavation process to pile up a simple working platform for construction advance support and blasting shock wave prevention, utilizes a grouting guide pipe which is dug outwards from the interior of the tunnel to hang a protective net, then carries out controlled blasting for a small number of times according to the designed construction sequence to form a slag discharging funnel, and simultaneously combines mechanical excavation to go out of the tunnel in a circular operation mode. According to the invention, the stone slag is used for piling the simple working platform and the inclination angle and the size of the slag discharging funnel are adjusted, so that the problems caused by adverse factors such as steep terrain, falling stones and flying stones in the tunnel discharging process are solved to a certain extent, the influence on the surrounding environment in the tunnel discharging process is minimized, and the construction environmental protection and safety are ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a construction flow chart of a construction method for mountain tunnel cave exit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction environment of the mountain tunnel exit construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a construction of a tunnel exit according to the method for constructing a tunnel exit in a mountain tunnel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a construction of a tunnel exit according to the method of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is the rock mass that the entrance to a cave did not excavate, 2 is the tunnel design outline line, 3 is simple and easy work platform, 4 is the slip casting pipe, 5 is the protection network, 6 is indestructible building, 7 is the stock support, 8 is the pipe shed support, 9 is the inverted arch, 10 is the funnel of slagging tap, 11 is interim steel bow member, 12 is the excavation face, 13 is the stone ballast that the excavation produced, α is the funnel inclination of slagging tap.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a construction method for mountain tunnel cave exit, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and ensure that tunnel cave exit construction can effectively protect existing buildings or landforms under mountains.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a construction flow chart of a construction method of a mountain tunnel of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a construction environment of the construction method of the mountain tunnel of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cross section of a tunnel exit of the construction method of the mountain tunnel of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of an axial cross section of the tunnel exit of the construction method of the mountain tunnel of the present invention.
The invention provides a construction method for mountain tunnel exit, which comprises the following steps:
step one, building a construction platform
When tunnel excavation shaft to a tunnel outlet one section distance, in excavation face safe distance, pile up the stone ballast that the shaft excavation produced and form simple and easy work platform 3, simple and easy work platform 3 and wait to have the clearance between the country rock face of excavation.
Step two, pre-supporting at the hole outlet
Arranging a pipe shed support at the top of the excavated tunnel face, wherein the length of a steel pipe of the pipe shed support is medium, the distance between the pipe shed support and the hole outlet is equal to the diameter of the hole body, and the steel pipe of the pipe shed support is obliquely and obliquely arranged towards the hole outlet; during construction, holes are drilled above an excavated face according to the designed drilling direction, diameter, elevation angle, depth and annular interval, and a steel pipe is inserted and grouted in time after each hole is drilled.
Step three, installation protection measures
The grouting guide pipe 4 is arranged at the bottom of the inverted arch, the axis of the grouting guide pipe 4 is parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the grouting guide pipe 4 extends out of the mountain slope, the grouting guide pipe 4 can be used as a part of pre-support for tunnel excavation, and after the tunnel is excavated, only the part of the grouting guide pipe 4 extending out of the mountain slope needs to be cut, so that the operation is convenient. A protective net 5 is arranged outside the mountain slope, one end of the protective net 5 is fixed on a grouting guide pipe 4, the grouting guide pipe 4 can provide support for the protective net 5, and the protective net 5 is higher than the hole body.
Step four, smooth blasting construction
A. A free face is formed through the vertical wedge-shaped cut, and the aperture, the blast hole row spacing and the hole depth of the vertical wedge-shaped cut are set according to the type of the surrounding rock.
B. And blasting design is carried out according to actual surrounding rock conditions, excavation sections, blasting equipment and construction difficulty.
C. Adopt a small amount of mode many times during the blasting, blast the construction from top to bottom, because the palm face has the gradient, form slag discharging funnel 10 after the blasting, not hard up rock mass leaks down because of the action of gravity, utilizes the slope formation of excavation palm face to slag discharging funnel 10, leaks the slabstone sediment through the action of gravity and can reduce operating personnel work load, improves work efficiency. In this embodiment, the angle of inclination of the tapping funnel 10 is 5 ° to 10 °.
D. Excavating the residual rock mass in the blasting range by a mechanical excavation mode to penetrate through the tunnel face, wherein during excavation, the cross section direction of the tunnel is according to the excavation sequence from two sides to the middle, and the vertical direction is according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom; referring to the figure, the left upper section is excavated in the horizontal direction, the right upper section is excavated, the upper middle section is excavated, and the upper middle section is excavated in the vertical direction from top to bottom. A small amount of smooth blasting for multiple times is combined with a mechanical excavation hole outlet mode, so that disturbance to surrounding rocks in the construction process can be effectively reduced, and falling rocks and flying rocks generated by blasting are reduced.
E. The blasting excavation generates new stone slag, the new stone slag generated by the excavation is accumulated to form a new simple working platform 3, the new simple working platform 3 is used for primary support, and the stone slag which is not needed in the previous simple working platform 3 is transported out from the hole inlet. It should be noted here that the simple work platform 3 formed by stacking the ballast is not fixed, and in the process of going out of the tunnel, while the new ballast generated by excavation continues to stack the new simple work platform 3, the ballast used for stacking the simple work platform 3 that is not needed before is transported out from the tunnel entrance, that is, the simple work platform 3 is continuously updated and moves towards the excavation direction, and the simple work platform 3 not only can be used as a construction platform for supporting an advanced pipe shed, but also can effectively block shock waves generated during blasting construction.
F. And circularly operating by adopting the A-E method until the excavation of the tunnel face is finished. The invention adopts smooth blasting, and the micro-vibration controlled blasting is combined with the slag-out funnel 10 formed in the blasting process and the protective net 5 outside the hole, so that the influence of hole discharging construction on the surrounding environment is reduced to the minimum, the construction period can be shortened, and the working efficiency is improved.
And fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, transporting all the residual stone slag in the tunnel out of the tunnel entrance to finish the tunnel exit, wherein the buildings under the hill are not influenced by the tunnel exit construction.
In the specific implementation mode, in the step one, when the distance between the excavated cavity body and the hole outlet is 4-8m, forward tunneling is suspended, and forward tunneling is stopped when the hole outlet is excavated to a certain distance, wherein the distance is related to specific factors such as geological conditions.
Specifically, in the first step, the simple working platform 3 is trapezoidal, and the trapezoidal simple working platform 3 provides stable support for construction.
In addition, in the second step, the diameter of the steel pipe of the pipe shed support is 96mm, and the reliability of the pipe shed support is improved.
More specifically, in the third step, the distance that the grouting guide pipe 4 extends out of the mountain slope is 2m, and the grouting guide pipe 4 provides stable support for the protective net 5.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, when the surrounding rock condition is poor, a method of shortening or staggering blastholes and controlling the total explosive quantity is adopted to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock.
Furthermore, the tunnel adopts an anchor bolt supporting mode, and the anchor bolt supporting effect is good, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and convenient.
The construction method of the mountain tunnel cave-out is suitable for the conditions that an indestructible building exists below a mountain body, land acquisition cannot be realized and the like, the adverse effect on the mountain tunnel cave-out construction is reduced as much as possible, tunneling is suspended within a safe distance, a simple working platform 3 is piled up by utilizing partial rock ballast generated in the front-stage excavation process and used for construction advanced support and blasting shock wave prevention, a protective net 5 is hung by utilizing a grouting guide pipe 4 which is dug outwards from the inside of the cave, blasting is controlled for a plurality of times in a small amount according to the designed construction sequence to form a slag discharging funnel 10, and meanwhile, the cave-out is realized in a circular operation mode by combining mechanical excavation. According to the invention, the stone slag piling simple working platform 3 and the inclination angle and the size of the slag discharging funnel 10 are adjusted, so that the problems caused by adverse factors such as steep terrain, falling stones and flying stones in the tunnel discharging process are solved to a certain extent, the influence on the surrounding environment in the tunnel discharging process is minimized, and the construction environmental protection and safety are ensured. Meanwhile, the construction method for the mountain tunnel to exit has low construction difficulty, reduces the complexity of personnel, machinery and construction method adjustment, reduces the construction cost, and more importantly, can flexibly adjust the positions of the piled simple working platform 3 and the exit and the inclination angle and the size of the slag funnel 10 according to the actual conditions of surrounding rocks and surrounding environments.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method for mountain tunnel exit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, when a tunnel body is excavated to a tunnel outlet, a tunnel face is suspended to be driven forwards, stone slag generated by excavation of the tunnel body is accumulated to form a simple working platform, and a gap is formed between the simple working platform and a surrounding rock face to be excavated;
step two, arranging a pipe shed support at the top of the excavated tunnel face, wherein the distance between the pipe shed support and the hole outlet is equal to the diameter of the hole body, and a steel pipe of the pipe shed support is obliquely and obliquely arranged towards the hole outlet;
thirdly, arranging a grouting guide pipe at the bottom of the inverted arch, wherein the axis of the grouting guide pipe is parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the grouting guide pipe extends out of the mountain side slope, a protective net is arranged outside the mountain side slope, one end of the protective net is fixed on the grouting guide pipe, and the height of the protective net is higher than that of the tunnel body;
step four, smooth blasting construction
A. Forming a free face through a vertical wedge-shaped cut, wherein the aperture, the blast hole row spacing and the hole depth of the vertical wedge-shaped cut are set according to the type of surrounding rock;
B. carrying out blasting design according to actual surrounding rock conditions, excavation sections, blasting equipment and construction difficulty;
C. blasting construction is carried out from top to bottom in a mode of multiple times and small quantity, and a slag discharging funnel is formed after blasting due to the fact that the palm surface has gradient;
D. excavating the residual rock mass in the blasting range by a mechanical excavation mode to penetrate through the tunnel face, wherein during excavation, the cross section direction of the tunnel is according to the excavation sequence from two sides to the middle, and the vertical direction is according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom;
E. the novel stone slag generated by blasting excavation is accumulated to form a novel simple working platform, the novel simple working platform is used for primary support, and the stone slag which is not needed in the prior simple working platform is transported out from the hole inlet;
F. circularly operating by adopting the A-E method until the excavation of the tunnel face is finished;
and fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, transporting all the residual stone slag in the tunnel out of the tunnel entrance to finish the tunnel exit.
2. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, when the distance between the excavated tunnel body and the tunnel outlet is 4-8m, forward tunneling is suspended.
3. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the simple working platform is in a trapezoid shape.
4. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the diameter of the steel pipe supported by the pipe shed is 96 mm.
5. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the distance of the grouting guide pipe extending out of the mountain slope is 2 m.
6. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, a method of shortening or staggering blast holes and controlling the total explosive quantity is adopted to reduce disturbance to surrounding rocks.
7. The mountain tunnel cave-out construction method according to claim 1, wherein: the tunnel adopts anchor bolt support mode.
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| CN201910461546.XA CN110030001B (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2019-05-30 | Construction method for mountain tunnel to go out of hole |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910461546.XA CN110030001B (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2019-05-30 | Construction method for mountain tunnel to go out of hole |
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| CN110030001B true CN110030001B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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| CN110513121B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2024-03-26 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Eggshell-shaped grouting tunnel car-avoiding tunnel structure |
| CN112880501B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-10-19 | 山东科技大学 | Flight-limited hole drilling and blasting method for controlling tunnel blasting flyrock |
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| JPH07229390A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-29 | Teruki Fujiyama | Tunnel |
| CN102620614A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-01 | 中铁二局股份有限公司 | Construction method for cave depot slag funnel |
| CN104533428A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-22 | 大连市市政设计研究院有限责任公司 | Steep cliff tunnel hole excavation construction method |
| CN104596372A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Tunneling method for improving explosion driving rate and lowering explosion vibration |
| CN109707399A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-03 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel outlet support structure and its construction method |
| CN109812277A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-28 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of vertical cliff tunnel active defense bimetallic tube canopy of high drop is appeared safely method |
-
2019
- 2019-05-30 CN CN201910461546.XA patent/CN110030001B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07229390A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-29 | Teruki Fujiyama | Tunnel |
| CN102620614A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-08-01 | 中铁二局股份有限公司 | Construction method for cave depot slag funnel |
| CN104533428A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-22 | 大连市市政设计研究院有限责任公司 | Steep cliff tunnel hole excavation construction method |
| CN104596372A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Tunneling method for improving explosion driving rate and lowering explosion vibration |
| CN109707399A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-03 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel outlet support structure and its construction method |
| CN109812277A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-28 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of vertical cliff tunnel active defense bimetallic tube canopy of high drop is appeared safely method |
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