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CN118303282A - Overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of Tolubam in south Hunan province - Google Patents

Overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of Tolubam in south Hunan province Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118303282A
CN118303282A CN202410744532.XA CN202410744532A CN118303282A CN 118303282 A CN118303282 A CN 118303282A CN 202410744532 A CN202410744532 A CN 202410744532A CN 118303282 A CN118303282 A CN 118303282A
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film
protective cover
stock
cover
quicklime
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CN118303282B (en
Inventor
张芳
蔡明�
邓玉萍
邓永强
何剑民
廖后元
武琳苑
何晴
李文
范祺祺
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Chenzhou Institute Of Agricultural Sciences
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Chenzhou Institute Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/04Cloches, i.e. protective full coverings for individual plants
    • A01G13/043Cloches, i.e. protective full coverings for individual plants with flexible coverings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for overwintering regeneration of a thistle tree in open field planting in a south Hunan area, which comprises the steps of covering a thin film protective cover on a thistle tree overwintering plant in winter when the outdoor temperature is more than 5 ℃ and less than 10 ℃; when the outdoor temperature is below 5 ℃, covering a film outer cover outside the film protective cover, digging small pits in soil outside the film protective cover and inside the film outer cover, placing quicklime bags in the small pits, and paving straws on the quicklime bags; the radius of the film protective cover is 5-8 cm, and the height is 20-22 cm; the radius of the film housing is 17-20 cm, and the height is 25-27 cm; the pit is 10 cm long, 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep; each quicklime ladle is 1 kg. The method can ensure that the open field planting of the tolubam in the south Hunan area can safely overwinter, reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency.

Description

Overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of Tolubam in south Hunan province
Technical Field
The invention relates to an eggplant stock-Tolubam planting method, in particular to a method for overwintering and regenerating Tolubam planted in open field in the south of Hunan.
Background
The wild eggplant Tolubam is native to the American area and is mainly characterized by being capable of simultaneously resisting four soil-borne diseases: verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt and nematode, has high resistance or immunity level. In addition, the plant growth vigor is strong, the root system is developed, the main root is thick and long and is distributed radially, and the plant has strong water absorption and nutrient absorption capacity. The eggplant fruit grafted by the Tolubam stock has high quality and total yield, can resist four soil-borne diseases simultaneously, shows high resistance to the level of immunity, and has vigorous plant growth vigor.
The grafted stock tolubam has better cold resistance, and scion branches can stop growing at a low temperature of about 15 ℃, but the rootstock parts of the stock tolubam can sprout new lateral buds, so that the growth potential is strong, and the leaves of the stock tolubam are green and glossy. However, at 0 ℃ to-4 ℃, the stock tolubam dies in open field.
The temperature of 9 months in the south Hunan area is changed drastically, the lowest temperature is reduced to about 15 ℃ and rainfall is carried out for a long time, the method is not suitable for the growth and development of eggplant fruits, and the commodity quality of the grafted eggplant is reduced, so that the outdoor grafted eggplant in the south Hunan area is generally harvested for 9 late days, and harvesting is stopped. The minimum temperature of the open field in the south Hunan area in 10 months is reduced to about 10 ℃, the minimum temperature in 11 months is reduced to 5 ℃, the minimum temperature in 12 months is reduced to-1 ℃, and the minimum temperature in the next year in the primordial month can be reduced to-4 ℃ at some time. Therefore, the stock Tolubam in the south of the Hunan can die in the open field, and the grafted stock Tolubam cannot overwinter in the south of the Hunan in the open field.
Therefore, in the south Hunan area, the Toluba stock used for grafting eggplants which are usually cultivated in open field is the stock Toluba seedling sown in the current year for grafting, and the harvesting is stopped and the garden is cleared after the grafting seedling is planted in open field and is stopped in the late 9 months. The tolubam needs to be planted again in the next year, so that the production cost is increased, and the production efficiency is reduced. Therefore, popularization and application of the perennial tolubam of the stock in production are limited in open field planting in the south of the Hunan.
How to overcome the defects in the prior art and find a method for overwintering and regenerating the open field planted Tolubam in the south Hunan area is a technical problem which is urgently solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of tolubam in south Hunan area, so as to reduce production cost and improve production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for overwintering and regenerating the open field planted Tolubam in the south Hunan area comprises the following steps: in winter, when the outdoor temperature is above 5 ℃ and below 10 ℃, covering a thin film protective cover on the overwintering plant of the Toluba stock; when the outdoor temperature is below 5 ℃, covering a film outer cover outside the film protective cover, digging small pits in soil outside the film protective cover and inside the film outer cover, placing quicklime bags in the small pits, and paving straws on the quicklime bags; the radius of the film protective cover is 5-8 cm, and the height is 20-22 cm; the radius of the film housing is 17-20 cm, and the height is 25-27 cm; the pit is 10 cm long, 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep; digging 1 pit outside the film protective cover, and placing a quicklime bag in each pit, wherein each quicklime bag is 1 kg.
When the outdoor temperature is above 10 ℃, the film protective cover and the film outer cover are opened for ventilation in the daytime, and the ventilation is not performed in the morning and evening.
The thin film protection cover is cylindrical, the lower end of the thin film protection cover is opened to the soil, and the thin film is sealed.
The film housing is cylindrical, the lower end of the film housing is opened to the soil, and the film is sealed.
The quicklime bag is wrapped by non-woven fabrics.
Before the film protecting cover and the film outer cover are arranged in winter, the method further comprises the following steps:
a. Topping, namely topping the top ends of all scion branches in 10 late days after the open-field grafting eggplants are harvested, and triggering lateral buds of the Toluba stock near the root stems on the ground to germinate;
b. culturing lateral buds, selecting 1-2 strong lateral bud culture main branches near the root stem of the ground of the stock, and wiping out the rest lateral buds;
c. Re-shearing, namely re-shearing the part of the trunk of the open-field grafting eggplant which is harvested and is 10-15 cm away from the ground when the lateral buds of the rootstock part grow to 5-10 cm long, and mixing the bactericide chlorothalonil powder into paste to be smeared on the wound part to prevent diseases;
d. And managing the side branches, controlling the growth vigor of the side branches of the root and stem parts of the overground part stock, enabling the side branches to grow to about 20 cm, and performing topping for 2-3 times to inhibit the growth of the top ends, so that the main branches of the side branches can be semi-lignified before entering winter and frosting, and the cold resistance of the side branches is enhanced.
According to the method disclosed by the invention, a small pit is dug in the soil outside the film protective cover and in the film outer cover, the quicklime bag is placed in the pit, the straw is paved on the quicklime bag, the quicklime bag absorbs moisture and releases heat when being contacted with the wet soil, as the moisture absorption process is slow when being contacted with the soil, the quicklime bag can continuously and slowly release heat, the heat in the protective cover can be kept for a plurality of hours, the air temperature in the protective cover can be increased by 6-10 ℃ compared with the outdoor temperature, the ground temperature in the protective cover can be increased by 6-10 ℃ compared with the outdoor temperature, the temperature in the film outer cover still can be 5-10 ℃ when the outdoor temperature is 0-1 ℃, so that the tolubam planted in the open field in the south of Hunan can be safely regenerated in the cold winter at 0-4 ℃, and the side branches of the quicklime bag can be directly used as the open field for grafting eggplant of the stock in the second year, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
By adopting the method, the times of placing the quicklime bag can be set according to the changes of the outdoor temperature and the outdoor humidity so as to ensure the air temperature and the ground temperature in the protective cover.
The method adopts the two layers of protective covers, the stock is at the innermost layer, and double heat preservation and lasting constant temperature can be realized. The quicklime bag is in the soil pit in the second layer, the quicklime bag absorbs soil moisture and slowly releases heat, and the evaporated water vapor is in the second layer through moisture absorption and heat dissipation, so that the temperature of the inner layer is increased, and meanwhile, the humidity of the inner layer stock is not increased. The quicklime bag in the soil for the second year can also play a role in preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, preventing and controlling soil acidification and improving soil, and has positive significance for promoting the growth of the stock.
The method of the invention is simple and easy to operate, and has low cost, because the protective cover has simple structure, easy manufacture and low price of quicklime, the method is a common material for production and living, is easy to obtain and is easy to popularize.
The applicant scientific research team performs the winter test observation of the eggplant stock Tolubam on the eggplant stock in the 4 th month 5 th day of the first half of 2023 years of the horse head ridge vegetable science demonstration garden of Chenzhou agricultural science research institute in 2023, 10 th month to 3 rd month of 2023.
4 Different overwintering modes are set, 30 strains are arranged in each cell, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times:
mode one: after pruning, the eggplant stock Tolubahm does not have any heat preservation measures for overwintering in cold winter;
Mode two: after pruning, the eggplant stock Tolubahm is covered with a layer of film cover for overwintering by adopting heat preservation measures;
mode three: after pruning, the eggplant stock Tolubahm is covered with a heat preservation measure of a two-layer film cover, the temperature is overwintered, the radius of the inner cover is 5-8 cm, the height is 20-22 cm, the radius of the outer cover is 20-23 cm, and the height is 25-27 cm;
Mode four: after pruning, the eggplant stock Toluba covers two layers of film covers, the radius of the inner cover is 5-8 cm, the height of the inner cover is 20-22 cm, the radius of the outer cover is 20-23 cm, the height of the outer cover is 25-27 cm, 1 small pit with the length of 10 cm, the width of 10 cm and the depth of 10 cm is dug relatively between the two layers of film covers and on the left and right outside the inner cover, a quicklime bag with the length of 1 kilogram is placed in each small pit, and a relatively closed small space between the two layers of film covers slowly releases heat by absorbing soil moisture through the quicklime bag through overwintering heat preservation measures.
Observing at low temperature, beginning at low temperature for the first time in 12 months and 20 days, and outdoor temperature is 0 ℃ to-1 ℃:
mode one: after the eggplant stock tolubam is subjected to low temperature for 12 months and 20 days, the branches of the eggplant stock tolubam are wilted and the branches and trunks are withered and die after 4-5 days;
mode two: after the eggplant stock tolubam in the film cover is subjected to low temperature for 12 months and 20 days, the branches of the eggplant stock tolubam are wilted for the next day, and after 4-5 days, the withered branches and trunks are observed and die;
mode three: after the eggplant stock tolubam in the film cover is subjected to low temperature for 12 months and 20 days, 50% of branches of the eggplant stock tolubam wilt the next day, and 70% of branches of the eggplant stock tolubam are observed to wilt and dry up and die after 4-5 days;
mode four: the temperature in the film cover is 4-10deg.C, and the eggplant stock tolubam in the film cover can endure severe cold of 0deg.C or below, and tender leaves and trunk of the branches have no cold injury and death after 12 months and 20 days.
The observation that the cold tide comes through the low temperature repeatedly for several times is that: the eggplant stock tolubam in the first mode is all dead; the eggplant stock tolubam in the second mode is all dead; the young leaves of the last damaged branches of the eggplant tree stock tolubam fall off, the trunk is also gradually dried, the survival rate is 30%, and the branches and leaves of the surviving eggplant tree stock tolubam have rigidification; in a fourth mode, the eggplant stock tolubam can endure severe cold at 0 ℃ or below, tender leaves and trunks of all branches are not frostbitten, death is avoided, and the survival rate is 100%.
Through comparison tests, the method proves that: the method can overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the aim of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the thermal insulation measure of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a film cover; 2. a thin film protective cover; 3. a pit; 4. a stick for insertion into the soil.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention will be described in detail.
The invention relates to a method for overwintering regeneration of open field planted Tolubam in south Hunan province, which comprises the following steps:
a. Topping, namely topping the top ends of all scion branches in 10 late days after the open-field grafting eggplants are harvested, and triggering lateral buds of the Toluba stock near the root stems on the ground to germinate;
b. culturing lateral buds, selecting 1-2 strong lateral bud culture main branches near the root stem of the ground of the stock, and wiping out the rest lateral buds;
c. Re-shearing, namely re-shearing the part of the trunk of the open-field grafting eggplant which is harvested and is 10-15 cm away from the ground when the lateral buds of the rootstock part grow to 5-10 cm long, and mixing the bactericide chlorothalonil powder into paste to be smeared on the wound part to prevent diseases;
d. side branch management, controlling the growth vigor of side branches of root stems of overground part stocks, wherein the side branches grow to about 20 cm, and inhibiting the top growth by topping for 2-3 times, so that the side branch trunk branches can be semi-lignified before winter defrosting, and the cold resistance of the side branches is enhanced;
e. Setting a film protective cover and a film outer cover for heat preservation in winter, and covering a film protective cover on a plant overwintering by a Toluba stock when the outdoor temperature is more than 5 ℃ and less than 10 ℃; when the outdoor temperature is below 5 ℃, a thin film outer cover is covered outside the thin film protective cover, the thin film protective cover and the thin film outer cover are cylindrical, the lower end of the thin film protective cover is opened under the soil, the thin film is sealed, the radius of the thin film protective cover is 5-8 cm, the height of the thin film protective cover is 20-22 cm, the radius of the thin film outer cover is 17-20 cm, and the height of the thin film outer cover is 25-27 cm; digging small pits in the soil outside the film protective cover and inside the film outer cover, placing quicklime bags in the pits, wrapping the quicklime bags by using non-woven fabrics, and paving straws on the quicklime bags. The pit is 10 cm long by 10 cm wide by 10 cm deep by 10 cm. When the outdoor temperature is above 10 ℃, the film protective cover and the film outer cover are opened for ventilation in the daytime, and the ventilation is not performed in the morning and evening.
Preferably, 1 pit is dug on the left and right sides outside the film protection cover, and each pit is provided with a quicklime ladle, and each quicklime ladle is about 1 kg.
Attention is paid to ventilation and heat preservation. The temperature is continuously changed in winter, and the weather is alternately carried out in sunny days and in rainy days and snowy days. If the outdoor temperature rises above 10 ℃, the film protection cover and the film outer cover are opened, and the stock tolubam needs ventilation. In winter and spring, the film protective cover and the film outer cover are covered in the morning and evening, and ventilation or heat preservation work is carried out in the daytime according to the weather temperature condition.
After 2 months of spring, the outdoor minimum temperature in the south Hunan area is about 5 ℃, the film protection cover and the film outer cover are used for heat preservation in the morning and evening, and the film protection cover and the film outer cover can be opened for ventilation in the daytime. And 3 months, no heat preservation measures are needed.
As shown in fig. 1, the shape of the film protecting cover 2 and the film outer cover 1 is cylindrical, a net-shaped hollow cylindrical frame is formed by using a shapable material such as iron wires, then a film is covered, the upper opening is closed, and the overwintering plants of the tolubamu stock are arranged in the film protecting cover. And digging a small pit 3 outside the film protective cover left and right relatively, and placing a quicklime bag in each small pit. The thin film protective cover and the thin film outer cover are provided with rods 4 for being inserted into soil, the rods are opened and closed in a semi-opening mode, the rods are opened and closed in a shaking mode, and ventilation can be achieved in the semi-side.
The quicklime bag is wrapped by non-woven fabrics, and the quicklime bag can slowly release heat through the humidity of soil and the humidity in air, so that the test result is that 2kg of quicklime in the film housing is put into a soil pit with moist soil (no water accumulation in the soil pit) in cold winter at 0 ℃ to-4 ℃ and the temperature is improved by about 5 ℃ to 10 ℃ compared with the outdoor temperature. The quicklime bag can not only absorb water vapor in the air, but also release heat, so that the temperature in the film outer cover is increased, the tolubam can safely overwintere in the cold winter at 0-4 ℃, and grafting can be implemented in spring after lateral buds sprouting at roots are used for cultivating lateral branches.

Claims (6)

1. An overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of Tolubam in south Hunan province is characterized by comprising the following steps: in winter, when the outdoor temperature is above 5 ℃ and below 10 ℃, covering a thin film protective cover on the overwintering plant of the Toluba stock; when the outdoor temperature is below 5 ℃, covering a film outer cover outside the film protective cover, digging small pits in soil outside the film protective cover and inside the film outer cover, placing quicklime bags in the small pits, and paving straws on the quicklime bags; the radius of the film protective cover is 5-8 cm, and the height is 20-22 cm; the radius of the film housing is 17-20 cm, and the height is 25-27 cm; the pit is 10 cm long, 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep; digging 1 pit outside the film protective cover, and placing a quicklime bag in each pit, wherein each quicklime bag is 1 kg.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: when the outdoor temperature is above 10 ℃, the film protective cover and the film outer cover are opened for ventilation in the daytime, and the ventilation is not performed in the morning and evening.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the thin film protection cover is cylindrical, the lower end of the thin film protection cover is opened to the soil, and the thin film is sealed.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the film housing is cylindrical, the lower end of the film housing is opened to the soil, and the film is sealed.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the quicklime bag is wrapped by non-woven fabrics.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: before the film protecting cover and the film outer cover are arranged in winter, the method further comprises the following steps:
a. Topping, namely topping the top ends of all scion branches in 10 late days after the open-field grafting eggplants are harvested, and triggering lateral buds of the Toluba stock near the root stems on the ground to germinate;
b. culturing lateral buds, selecting 1-2 strong lateral bud culture main branches near the root stem of the ground of the stock, and wiping out the rest lateral buds;
c. Re-shearing, namely re-shearing the part of the trunk of the open-field grafting eggplant which is harvested and is 10-15 cm away from the ground when the lateral buds of the rootstock part grow to 5-10 cm long, and mixing the bactericide chlorothalonil powder into paste to be smeared on the wound part to prevent diseases;
d. And managing the side branches, controlling the growth vigor of the side branches of the root and stem parts of the overground part stock, enabling the side branches to grow to about 20 cm, and performing topping for 2-3 times to inhibit the growth of the top ends, so that the main branches of the side branches can be semi-lignified before entering winter and frosting, and the cold resistance of the side branches is enhanced.
CN202410744532.XA 2024-06-11 2024-06-11 Overwintering regeneration method for open field planting of Tolubam in south Hunan province Active CN118303282B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86204336U (en) * 1986-06-20 1987-07-29 邱承贤 Coldproof cover for flowers
CA2737111A1 (en) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-27 James R. Lohse Protective cold frame for plants
CN204560425U (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-08-19 赵洋 Rose plant multiple-insulating canopy room, cold ground
CN105706807A (en) * 2016-03-01 2016-06-29 山东省林业科学研究院 Method for cold resistance of figs in field, cold-resistant agent and preparation method, and cold-resistant cover
CN108432526A (en) * 2018-03-31 2018-08-24 成都人人揭网络科技有限公司 A kind of overwintering cover of tropical plants
CN109662004A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-04-23 江苏富江农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of anti-season wild red lotus method for culturing seedlings
KR20220084913A (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-06-21 엄태경 Double thermal insulation cover for pots that can be adjusted in size to increase the thermal effect of plants

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86204336U (en) * 1986-06-20 1987-07-29 邱承贤 Coldproof cover for flowers
CA2737111A1 (en) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-27 James R. Lohse Protective cold frame for plants
CN204560425U (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-08-19 赵洋 Rose plant multiple-insulating canopy room, cold ground
CN105706807A (en) * 2016-03-01 2016-06-29 山东省林业科学研究院 Method for cold resistance of figs in field, cold-resistant agent and preparation method, and cold-resistant cover
CN108432526A (en) * 2018-03-31 2018-08-24 成都人人揭网络科技有限公司 A kind of overwintering cover of tropical plants
CN109662004A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-04-23 江苏富江农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of anti-season wild red lotus method for culturing seedlings
KR20220084913A (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-06-21 엄태경 Double thermal insulation cover for pots that can be adjusted in size to increase the thermal effect of plants

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