CN118106509B - Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method - Google Patents
Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118106509B CN118106509B CN202410364111.4A CN202410364111A CN118106509B CN 118106509 B CN118106509 B CN 118106509B CN 202410364111 A CN202410364111 A CN 202410364111A CN 118106509 B CN118106509 B CN 118106509B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- scanning
- powder
- forming
- powder bed
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A three-dimensional forming method of a multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed relates to the technical field of energy beam selective scanning powder bed forming, and solves the technical problems of reducing splicing marks of multi-energy beam scanning, realizing the three-dimensional forming method of the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed through a three-dimensional forming device, determining lap width and unit forming thickness of each energy beam scanning subarea according to the surface microstructure scale of a three-dimensional forming part, and changing the lap wire position through a pseudo-white noise sequence; the multi-energy beam splicing forming features of the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method are distributed in a discrete manner on the surface of the three-dimensional forming part in a punctiform surface, and splicing feature points are matched with the surface microstructure scale; the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method can effectively eliminate regular traces of overlapping of all scanning subareas on the forming surface and effectively inhibit the deterioration of the fine texture of the forming surface caused by remelting of the overlapping areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy beam selective scanning powder bed forming, and more precisely relates to a multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method.
Background
The energy beam selective scanning powder bed forming technology is one of the main types of additive manufacturing, and the required three-dimensional formed part is obtained by paving thin powder layers layer by layer, scanning the thin powder layers in selected areas by using directional energy beams such as electron beams, lasers and the like, melting, polymerizing, cooling, solidifying, forming, fusing and depositing the thin powder layers on a forming substrate. Along with the rapid expansion of the application field of powder bed forming equipment, the requirements of multi-scene three-dimensional forming application on equipment manufacturing efficiency and manufacturing precision are also more and more prominent, and in order to meet the rapid and precise manufacturing requirements, the development of the energy beam selective scanning powder bed forming technology in recent years presents a remarkable trend of multi-energy beam concurrent scanning.
In order to ensure the structural integrity of the three-dimensional shaped part, the edges of the scanning subareas for which each energy beam is responsible need to be provided with reasonable overlap widths so as to ensure that the solidified matters of each subarea are combined transversely and reliably in a remelting mode. The forming process of the overlap area is different from the powder-melt-solidified object mode of the non-overlap area, and the powder-melt-solidified object-secondary melt-secondary solidified object remelting process is carried out, so that the external characteristics are not influenced when the remelting process is positioned in the three-dimensional forming part, when the remelting process is carried out on the outer surface of the three-dimensional forming part and the outer surface of the three-dimensional forming part has a microstructure, the edge of the microstructure is blurred, splicing marks which can be perceived by naked eyes are generated, and the high surface quality requirements of a die cavity surface, a precise assembly surface and the like cannot be met.
In order to fade the splice marks of multi-energy beam scanning, it has been reported that a layer-by-layer offset splice line is adopted to generate a splice line in a non-linear mode, such as a bent zigzag line and a parallel oblique line, in a scanning overlapping region, but the visual recognition of the splice marks is still very high, and it has also been reported that the splice lines are randomly scattered layer by layer in the scanning overlapping region, but the Z-direction single-layer thickness of the powder bed precision forming is usually twenty to thirty micrometers, so that a large number of randomly distributed splice line endpoints are compressed within a very small thickness range in the whole scanning overlapping region, and a larger range of surface quality is polluted. At present, in the field of powder bed forming, a multi-energy beam powder bed precise forming method capable of effectively solving the obvious problem of concurrent scanning surface splicing characteristics is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method which is simple in scheme and feasible in technology, so as to eliminate regular traces of overlapping of all scanning subareas on a forming surface and effectively inhibit the degradation effect of remelting of an overlapping area on fine textures of the forming surface.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A three-dimensional forming method of a multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed, wherein the three-dimensional forming method adopts a three-dimensional forming device to perform three-dimensional forming of the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed, the three-dimensional forming device comprises a frame, a forming chamber, a powder bed, an atmosphere unit and a controller are arranged in the frame, the forming chamber is arranged between the powder bed and the atmosphere unit, a powder bin and a powder spreading unit are arranged in the forming chamber, the powder bin is arranged on the powder spreading unit, and a first scanning assembly and a second scanning assembly are arranged at the top of the powder bin; the upper edge opening of the powder bed is embedded and fixed on the bottom plate of the forming chamber, and a forming substrate is arranged in the powder bed; the atmosphere unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively connected with two side plates of the forming chamber; the powder paving unit, the powder bed, the atmosphere unit, the first scanning assembly and the second scanning assembly are respectively connected with the signal output end of the controller.
As a further embodiment of the invention, the controller receives the signals of the gravity sensor connected with the powder bin through a wireless data communication interface, and calculates the mass of the powder which should remain in the powder bin after each powder spreading through a programmable control instruction; the conditions of quantitative powder taking of the powder paving unit are as follows: and stopping taking powder when the mass of the powder in the powder bin is equal to the mass of the powder to be remained, and uniformly paving a powder thin layer along the plane of the bottom plate of the forming chamber by the powder paving unit.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the forming substrate is lifted up and down and positioned by a built-in lifting device, and lifted up to an initial position to be flush with the forming chamber bottom plate.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the scanning areas of the first scanning component and the second scanning component are scanning overlapping areas in the middle of the powder bed opening, and the combined scanning area of the first scanning component and the second scanning component is set to completely cover the powder bed opening; the first scanning assembly and the second scanning assembly are arranged to selectively scan and irradiate a selected area of the powder bed according to set power, linear speed and energy focusing radius.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the working method of the three-dimensional forming device comprises the following steps:
Step 1, firstly, injecting enough powder materials into a powder bin, closing the forming chamber, sending an operation instruction to the atmosphere unit by the controller, and sending a reset instruction to the powder bed and the powder paving unit by the controller; the controller loads three-dimensional forming data in the powder bed coordinate system format;
step 2, the controller reads a first layer path of the three-dimensional forming data, divides the first layer path into a first scanning sub-area and a second scanning sub-area, and enables a bonding wire of the two sub-areas to be positioned in a scanning overlapping area of the first scanning assembly and the second scanning assembly;
Step 3, the controller transforms the first scanning sub-region path to the first scanning coordinate system according to the offset and rotation parameters of the first scanning coordinate system in the powder bed coordinate system, and transforms the second scanning sub-region path to the second scanning coordinate system according to the offset and rotation parameters of the second scanning coordinate system in the powder bed coordinate system;
Step 4, the controller sends out concurrent scanning instructions to the first scanning assembly and the second scanning assembly, and controls the first scanning assembly and the second scanning assembly to simultaneously execute scanning paths under respective coordinate systems until all the scanning paths are executed;
and 5, forming a complete first layer solidified object in a selected area of the powder bed, and tightly fusing the first layer solidified object on the forming substrate.
Step 6, the controller firstly sends a descending instruction to the powder bed to drive the forming substrate to descend a single-layer forming thickness; the controller sends a powder spreading instruction to the powder spreading unit, and controls the powder spreading unit to firstly take powder and then spread and fill the opening recess of the powder bed caused by the descending of the forming substrate with the powder;
repeating the steps 2,3,4,5 and 6 until all layer paths of the three-dimensional forming data are executed, and depositing the solidified material layer by layer on the forming substrate to generate a complete three-dimensional forming part.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the controller sends an electrical signal to the powder spreading unit, controls the powder spreading unit to quantitatively take powder from the powder bin, and controls the powder spreading unit to spread the taken powder to the powder bed opening; the controller sends out an electric signal to the powder bed, controls the powder bed to drive the forming substrate to move up to an initial position during resetting, and lowers the single-layer forming thickness before each powder spreading; the controller sends an electric signal to the atmosphere unit, controls the atmosphere unit to adjust the atmosphere in the forming to be an inert environment, and maintains the circulation purification of the atmosphere in the forming chamber; the controller sends out an electric signal to the first scanning component to control the first scanning component to execute the scanning path of the first scanning sub-region layer by layer; the controller sends out an electric signal to the second scanning assembly to control the second scanning assembly to execute the scanning route of the second scanning sub-area layer by layer.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, when the single-layer scanning path of the powder bed coordinate system is divided into the first scanning sub-region and the second scanning sub-region, the overlapping width of the edges of the two sub-regions is about 0.1mm to 1mm, and the two sub-regions are located in the scanning overlapping regions of the first scanning component and the second scanning component; the overlap width of the scanning subarea is consistent with the surface microstructure scale of the three-dimensional forming part; when the accumulated forming thickness from the first layer is smaller than the overlap width, the position of the scan sub-region overlap line is kept unchanged, and when the accumulated forming thickness reaches or exceeds the overlap width, the position of the scan sub-region overlap line is changed once, and the accumulated forming thickness is reset and accumulated again; when the position of the sub-region crossover line is changed, a pseudo white noise sequence is adopted, so that crossover line end points are locally gathered on the surface of the three-dimensional forming part, splicing characteristic points consistent with the surface microstructure scale are generated, and the surface of the three-dimensional forming part is in a surface discrete distribution state.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional forming apparatus further comprises a forming chamber forming state monitoring module comprising an accuracy function of three-dimensional forming of the powder bed as:
In the formula (2), W is the accuracy of prediction of the accuracy function, x is the number of the powder bed three-dimensional forming normal states predicted by the state monitoring model for the test set, V is the number of the powder bed three-dimensional forming abnormal states predicted by the state monitoring model for the test set, and epsilon is the loss value of the objective function;
the weight iterative optimization calculation formula of the state monitoring model is as follows:
In the formula (3), Q is the weight of the state monitoring model, a is the vibration amplitude in the powder bed forming process, t is the powder bed forming process time, y is the vibration frequency signal phase difference, Is the cross entropy loss function value. Has the positive beneficial effects that:
According to the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method, the lap joint width and the unit forming thickness of each energy beam scanning subarea are determined according to the surface microstructure scale of the three-dimensional forming part, and the lap joint line position is changed through the pseudo-white noise sequence, so that the splicing characteristic points are in a macroscopic discrete state on the surface of the three-dimensional forming part, and are easy to conceal.
The multi-energy beam splicing forming characteristics of the multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method are distributed in a punctiform surface discrete mode on the surface of the three-dimensional forming part, splicing characteristic points are matched with the surface microstructure scale, and the hiding effect is good.
The multi-scanning assembly of the multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method has the advantages of simple and convenient scanning path segmentation, good surface splicing effect of the scanning overlapping area of the multi-scanning assembly, high quality and easy popularization and application in various high-efficiency, high-precision and large-size multi-energy beam powder bed three-dimensional forming equipment.
The three-dimensional forming device also comprises a forming chamber forming state monitoring module so as to improve the accuracy of three-dimensional forming of the powder bed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of a three-dimensional forming device applied to a multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control signal connection diagram of a three-dimensional forming device applied to a multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of scanning hardware of a three-dimensional forming device to which the multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method of the present invention is applied;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing generation of discrete distribution of spliced characteristic points and surfaces of a multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method;
the attached drawings are identified:
1-a frame; a 2-forming chamber; 3-a powder bin; 4-a powder spreading unit; 5-powder bed; 51-forming a substrate; 6-atmosphere units; 61-air inlet; 62-exhaust port; 7-a first scanning assembly; 8-a second scanning assembly; 100-a controller; 200-three-dimensionally shaped parts; 201-surface features of three-dimensional shaped parts.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional forming method of a multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed, which uses a three-dimensional forming device to perform three-dimensional forming of the multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed, wherein the three-dimensional forming device comprises a frame 1, a forming chamber 2, a powder bed 5, an atmosphere unit 6 and a controller 100 are arranged in the frame 1, the forming chamber 2 is arranged between the powder bed 5 and the atmosphere unit 6, a powder bin 3 and a powder paving unit 4 are arranged in the forming chamber 2, the powder bin 3 is arranged on the powder paving unit 4, and a first scanning assembly 7 and a second scanning assembly 8 are arranged at the top; the upper edge of the powder bed 5 is embedded and fixed on the bottom plate of the forming chamber 2, and a forming substrate 51 is arranged in the powder bed 5; the atmosphere unit 6 is provided with an air inlet 61 and an air outlet 62, and the air inlet 61 and the air outlet 62 are respectively connected with two side plates of the forming chamber 2; the signal input ends of the powder spreading unit 4, the powder bed 5, the atmosphere unit 6, the first scanning assembly 7 and the second scanning assembly 8 are respectively connected with the signal output end of the controller 100.
As shown in fig. 2, signal input ends of the powder spreading unit 4, the powder bed 5, the atmosphere unit 6, the first scanning assembly 7 and the second scanning assembly 8 are respectively connected with signal output ends of the controller 100; the controller 100 sends an electric signal to the powder spreading unit 4, controls the powder spreading unit 4 to quantitatively take powder from the powder bin 3, and controls the powder spreading unit 4 to spread the taken powder to an opening of the powder bed 5; the controller 100 sends out an electric signal to the powder bed 5, controls the powder bed 5 to drive the forming substrate 51 to move up to an initial position in resetting, and lowers the single-layer forming thickness before each powder spreading; the controller 100 sends out an electric signal to the atmosphere unit 6, controls the atmosphere unit 6 to adjust the atmosphere in the forming chamber 2 to be an inert environment, and maintains the cyclic purification of the atmosphere in the forming chamber 2; the controller 100 sends out an electrical signal to the first scanning component 7, and controls the first scanning component 7 to execute the scanning path of the first scanning sub-region layer by layer; the controller 100 sends an electrical signal to the second scanning component 8 to control the second scanning component 8 to perform the scanning route of the second scanning sub-area layer by layer.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the surface microstructure of the three-dimensional forming part 200 is Sm, the total height is Sm which is 5 times, the width of the scanning overlapping area of the first scanning assembly 7 and the second scanning assembly 8 is Sm which is 5 times, and then the scanning subareas of the first scanning assembly 7 and the second scanning assembly 8 have the lapping line endpoints which are in a surface discrete distribution state of 5×5 units shown as 201 on the surface characteristic of the three-dimensional forming part 200; the single-layer forming thickness is 1/5 times Sm, and the step of layer-by-layer three-dimensional forming is as follows:
Step 1, firstly, injecting enough powder material into the powder bin 3, closing the forming chamber 2, sending an operation instruction to the atmosphere unit 6 by the controller 100, sending a reset instruction to the powder bed 5 and the powder paving unit 6 by the controller 100, and loading three-dimensional forming data in a coordinate system format of the powder bed 5 by the controller 100;
Step 2, 1 st to 5 th layers, wherein the controller 100 uses the overlapping area position 1 as an overlapping area to separate and transform three-dimensional forming data under the coordinate system of the powder bed 5 to obtain a scanning path of a first subarea and a second subarea, the controller 100 circularly executes the steps of descending, powder laying and concurrent scanning of the forming substrate 51 for 5 times, and the 1 st to 5 th layers of solidified materials are accumulated layer by layer on the forming substrate 51;
Step 3, 6 th to 10 th layers, wherein the controller 100 uses the overlapping area position 4 as an overlapping area to separate and transform three-dimensional forming data under the coordinate system of the powder bed 5 to obtain a scanning path of a first subarea and a second subarea, the controller 100 circularly executes the steps of descending, powder laying and concurrent scanning of the forming substrate 51 for 5 times, and 6 th to 10 th layers of solidified matters are accumulated layer by layer on the forming substrate 51;
Step 4, 11 th to 15 th layers, wherein the controller 100 uses the overlapping area position 2 as an overlapping area to separate and transform three-dimensional forming data under the coordinate system of the powder bed 5 to obtain path data of a first subarea and a second subarea, the controller 100 circularly executes the steps of descending, powder laying and concurrent scanning of the forming substrate 51 for 5 times, and the 11 th to 15 th layers of solidified materials are accumulated layer by layer on the forming substrate 51;
Step 5, 16 th to 20 th layers, wherein the controller 100 uses the overlapping region position 5 as an overlapping region, separates and transforms three-dimensional forming data under the coordinate system of the powder bed 5 to obtain path data of a first subarea and a second subarea, the controller 100 circularly executes the steps of descending, powder laying and concurrent scanning of the forming substrate 51 for 5 times, and 16 th to 20 th layers of solidified matters are accumulated layer by layer on the forming substrate 51;
And 6, 21 st to 25 th layers, wherein the controller 100 uses the overlapping region position 3 as an overlapping region to separate and transform three-dimensional forming data under the coordinate system of the powder bed 5 and obtain path data of a first subarea and a second subarea, the controller 100 circularly executes the steps of descending, powder laying and concurrent scanning of the forming substrate 51 for 5 times, and all 1-25 layers of solidified matters are accumulated and generated on the forming substrate 51.
In a specific embodiment, the first scanning component 7 and the second scanning component 8 of the present invention scan the width of the overlapping area, and the relationship between the width and the surface microstructure scale of the three-dimensional forming part 200 is 5 times that of the present embodiment, and can be further measured into any integer multiple not less than 3 according to other overlapping widths and microstructure scales, the higher the multiplying power is, the larger the dynamic range of the pseudo-white noise sequence is, the higher the degree of dispersion of the surface of the splicing feature point is, the lighter the surface splicing feature is, and the better the surface quality of the scanning overlapping area is;
In a specific embodiment, the multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming method of the invention has the advantages that the scanning component combination mode can have more scanning component parallel combination besides the two component parallel mode in the embodiment, or n multiplied by m unit two-dimensional matrix arrangement combination (n and m are not less than 2); accordingly, the discrete division and overlap method based on the pseudo-white noise sequence in the embodiment can be adopted in the scan overlap region of any adjacent scan component.
In a specific embodiment, the three-dimensional forming device of the invention further comprises a forming chamber 2 forming state monitoring module comprising an accuracy function of three-dimensional forming of the powder bed as follows:
In the formula (2), W is the accuracy of prediction of the accuracy function, x is the number of the powder bed three-dimensional forming normal states predicted by the state monitoring model for the test set, V is the number of the powder bed three-dimensional forming abnormal states predicted by the state monitoring model for the test set, and epsilon is the loss value of the objective function;
the weight iterative optimization calculation formula of the state monitoring model is as follows:
In the formula (3), Q is the weight of the state monitoring model, a is the vibration amplitude in the powder bed forming process, t is the powder bed forming process time, y is the vibration frequency signal phase difference, Is the cross entropy loss function value.
The accuracy of sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc.) used in the powder bed forming process directly affects the data quality of the condition monitoring. The higher the frequency at which the monitoring system collects data, the finer the monitoring of the forming process. But high frequency data acquisition also requires higher computational power and more memory space. If a model-based monitoring method is used, the accuracy of the model will be critical. This includes the accuracy of the physical and mathematical models of the powder bed forming process. The function is used to evaluate and optimize a condition monitoring module during three-dimensional shaping of the powder bed. By constantly improving the state monitoring of these factors during the three-dimensional forming of the powder bed, the accuracy of the monitoring module can be increased, thereby ensuring the quality and efficiency of the forming process. The function is used to evaluate and optimize various parameters in the forming process to achieve the desired dimensional accuracy and surface quality. By continuously improving these factors, the precision of the three-dimensional shaping of the powder bed can be increased, thereby producing high quality parts.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments are by way of example only, and that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the methods and systems described above may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is within the scope of the present invention to combine the above-described method steps to perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method is characterized in that: the three-dimensional forming method comprises the steps of performing multi-energy beam collaborative powder bed three-dimensional forming by using a three-dimensional forming device, wherein the three-dimensional forming device comprises a frame (1), a forming chamber (2), a powder bed (5), an atmosphere unit (6) and a controller (100) are arranged in the frame (1), the forming chamber (2) is arranged between the powder bed (5) and the atmosphere unit (6), a powder bin (3) and a powder paving unit (4) are arranged in the forming chamber (2), the powder bin (3) is arranged on the powder paving unit (4), and a first scanning assembly (7) and a second scanning assembly (8) are arranged on the top of the forming chamber (2) in parallel; the upper edge of the powder bed (5) is embedded and fixed on the bottom plate of the forming chamber (2), and a forming substrate (51) is arranged in the powder bed (5); the atmosphere unit (6) is provided with an air inlet (61) and an air outlet (62), and the air inlet (61) and the air outlet (62) are respectively connected with two side plates of the forming chamber (2); the powder spreading unit (4), the powder bed (5), the atmosphere unit (6), the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8) are respectively connected with the signal output end of the controller (100);
The working method of the three-dimensional forming device comprises the following steps:
Step 1, firstly, filling sufficient powder material into the powder bin (3) and closing the forming chamber (2), wherein the controller (100) sends out an operation instruction to the atmosphere unit (6), and the controller (100) sends out a reset instruction to the powder bed (5) and the powder spreading unit (4); the controller (100) loads three-dimensional forming data in the form of a coordinate system of the powder bed (5);
step 2, the controller (100) reads a first layer path of three-dimensional forming data, divides the first layer path into a first scanning subarea and a second scanning subarea, and enables a bonding wire of the two subareas to be positioned in a scanning overlapping area of the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8);
Step 3, the controller (100) transforms the first scanning sub-region path under a first scanning coordinate system according to offset and rotation parameters of the first scanning coordinate system in the powder bed (5) coordinate system, and the controller (100) transforms a second scanning sub-region path under a second scanning coordinate system according to offset and rotation parameters of the second scanning coordinate system in the powder bed (5) coordinate system;
Step 4, the controller (100) sends out concurrent scanning instructions to the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8), and controls the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8) to simultaneously execute scanning paths under respective coordinate systems until all the scanning paths are executed;
step 5, forming a complete first layer solidified material in selected areas of the powder bed (5) and tightly fusing the solidified material on the forming substrate (51);
Step 6, the controller (100) firstly sends a descending instruction to the powder bed (5) to drive the forming substrate (51) to descend the single-layer forming thickness; the controller (100) sends a powder spreading instruction to the powder spreading unit (4), and controls the powder spreading unit (4) to firstly take powder and then spread and fill the opening recess of the powder bed (5) caused by the descending of the forming substrate (51) with the powder;
repeating the steps 2,3,4,5 and 6 until all layer paths of the three-dimensional forming data are executed, and depositing a solidified substance layer by layer on the forming substrate (51) to generate a complete three-dimensional forming part;
When a single-layer scanning path of the powder bed (5) coordinate system is divided into the first scanning subarea and the second scanning subarea, the overlapping width of the edges of the two subareas is 0.1-1 mm, and the two subareas are positioned in the scanning overlapping areas of the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8); the overlap width of the scanning subarea is consistent with the surface microstructure scale of the three-dimensional forming part; when the accumulated forming thickness from the first layer is smaller than the overlap width, the position of the scan sub-region overlap line is kept unchanged, and when the accumulated forming thickness reaches or exceeds the overlap width, the position of the scan sub-region overlap line is changed once, and the accumulated forming thickness is reset and accumulated again; when the position of the sub-region crossover line is changed, a pseudo white noise sequence is adopted, so that crossover line end points are locally gathered on the surface of the three-dimensional forming part, splicing characteristic points consistent with the surface microstructure scale are generated, and the surface of the three-dimensional forming part is in a surface discrete distribution state.
2. The multi-energy beam collaborative forming method according to claim 1, wherein: the controller (100) receives signals of a gravity sensor connected with the powder bin (3) through a wireless data communication interface, and calculates the mass of the powder which should remain in the powder bin (3) after each powder spreading through a programmable control instruction; the conditions of quantitative powder taking of the powder paving unit (4) are as follows: and stopping taking powder when the mass of the powder in the powder bin (3) is equal to the mass of the powder to be remained, and uniformly paving a thin powder layer along the plane of the bottom plate of the forming chamber (2) by the powder paving unit (4).
3. The multi-energy beam collaborative forming method according to claim 1, wherein: the forming substrate (51) is lifted up and down and positioned by a built-in lifting device, and is lifted to an initial position to be flush with the bottom plate of the forming chamber (2).
4. The multi-energy beam collaborative forming method according to claim 1, wherein: the scanning area of the first scanning component (7) and the second scanning component (8) is a scanning overlapping area in the middle of the opening of the powder bed (5), and the combined scanning area of the first scanning component (7) and the second scanning component (8) is arranged to completely cover the opening of the powder bed (5); the first scanning assembly (7) and the second scanning assembly (8) are arranged to selectively scan and irradiate selected areas of the powder bed (5) according to a set power, linear velocity, energy focus radius.
5. The multi-energy beam collaborative forming method according to claim 1, wherein: the controller (100) sends an electric signal to the powder spreading unit (4), controls the powder spreading unit (4) to quantitatively obtain powder from the powder bin (3), and controls the powder spreading unit (4) to spread the obtained powder to an opening of the powder bed (5); the controller (100) sends out an electric signal to the powder bed (5), controls the powder bed (5) to drive the forming substrate (51) to move up to an initial position during resetting, and lowers the single-layer forming thickness before each powder spreading; the controller (100) sends an electric signal to the atmosphere unit (6), controls the atmosphere unit (6) to adjust the atmosphere in the forming chamber (2) to be an inert environment, and maintains the circulation purification of the atmosphere in the forming chamber (2); the controller (100) sends out an electric signal to the first scanning component (7) to control the first scanning component (7) to execute the scanning path of the first scanning sub-region layer by layer; the controller (100) sends out an electric signal to the second scanning assembly (8) to control the second scanning assembly (8) to execute the scanning route of the second scanning sub-area layer by layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410364111.4A CN118106509B (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2024-03-28 | Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410364111.4A CN118106509B (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2024-03-28 | Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118106509A CN118106509A (en) | 2024-05-31 |
| CN118106509B true CN118106509B (en) | 2024-08-16 |
Family
ID=91208513
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410364111.4A Active CN118106509B (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2024-03-28 | Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118106509B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108016034A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 吴江中瑞机电科技有限公司 | Photocuring laser scanning system and method |
| CN108817386A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 西北工业大学 | Interlayer pectination joining method for the forming of multi-beam laser selective melting |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018203233A1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-05 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Exposure method, manufacturing method and apparatus for selective laser melting |
| CN115138870B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-09-15 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Multi-vibrating mirror spliced printing system and multi-vibrating mirror spliced printing method |
| CN113770380A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-10 | 贵州大学 | Multi-beam laser selective melting processing method and processing device |
| CN114734058B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-02-09 | 西安航天发动机有限公司 | Multi-laser spliced scanning path planning method and multi-laser spliced scanning method |
-
2024
- 2024-03-28 CN CN202410364111.4A patent/CN118106509B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108016034A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 吴江中瑞机电科技有限公司 | Photocuring laser scanning system and method |
| CN108817386A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-16 | 西北工业大学 | Interlayer pectination joining method for the forming of multi-beam laser selective melting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118106509A (en) | 2024-05-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107257719B (en) | Method of manufacturing an object | |
| CN108515182B (en) | Selective laser curing apparatus and method | |
| US9713856B2 (en) | Process for producing a shaped body by layerwise buildup from material powder | |
| EP3710187B1 (en) | Methods and systems for repairing powder containment structures | |
| WO2018181306A1 (en) | Three-dimensional lamination shaping condition determination method, three-dimensional lamination shaping execution method, three-dimensional lamination shaping condition determination device, and three-dimensional lamination shaping execution device | |
| CN108437455A (en) | More Laser Scannings for increasing material manufacturing | |
| JP2007050250A (en) | Particle energy distribution expansion device of particle beam, unit and method for monitoring particle beam and adjusting particle beam, for particle treatment equipment | |
| CN103240414B (en) | Parameter selecting method for manufacturing metal parts by selective laser melting technology and substrate samples | |
| CN103639411A (en) | Scanning method for manufacturing three-dimensional object layer by layer | |
| CN112512729B (en) | Method for determining a build specification for an additive manufacturing method | |
| CN108648220A (en) | A kind of 3 D-printing scan method, readable storage medium storing program for executing and 3 D-printing scanning controller | |
| WO2018143917A1 (en) | Topographic build plate for additive manufacturing system | |
| JP2017094540A (en) | Three-dimensional shaping device, three-dimensional shaping method, program, and recording medium | |
| CN118106509B (en) | Multi-energy beam cooperation powder bed three-dimensional forming method | |
| CN110139757B (en) | Apparatus for producing objects by additive manufacturing and method of using the same | |
| EP3995293B1 (en) | Method for additively manufacturing at least one three-dimensional object | |
| EP3710230A1 (en) | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing | |
| US11014193B2 (en) | Control device and method for controlling the laser beam deflection | |
| CN113508026A (en) | Method and apparatus for build thickness control in additive manufacturing | |
| JP2019069589A (en) | Components including structures having decoupled structural stiffness and mass density | |
| US20200039145A1 (en) | Powder-Bed-Based Additive Manufacture of a Workpiece | |
| CN110814340B (en) | Additive manufacturing apparatus and method for manufacturing three-dimensionally shaped object | |
| KR20210114487A (en) | Simulation method, simulation device and program | |
| US11911848B2 (en) | Systems and methods for additive manufacturing | |
| WO2019241364A1 (en) | Systems and methods for finishing additive manufacturing faces with different orientations |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |