A kind of for successively manufacturing the scan method of three-dimensional body
Technical field
The present invention is mainly concerned with layering manufacturing technology field, refer in particular to a kind of successively 3 d object scanning method of manufacturing technology that is applicable to, in successively manufacturing the process of three-dimensional body, every layer of graphics field to be processed is divided into tenuity and non-tenuity, thereby distinguishes the method for scanning.
Background technology
The device of of the prior art relating to " layer is manufactured ", such as the device that becomes known for stereolithography art (stereo lithography), laser sintered (laser sintering) and electron-beam melting (electron beam melting) etc.These devices all comprise one for the support with respect to working surface positioning object, one for applying the device of material liquid or powder type, photon beam or the beam of particles of a focusing.During work, by coating unit, material liquid or powder type is in layer coated in to working surface, and by high-octane photon beam or the beam of particles aligning graphics field corresponding coating position to be processed with every layer, scanned subsequently, and cause the sclerosis of the material of scanning position.Like this, successively stack, makes three-dimensional body.
In above-mentioned traditional structure, precision and efficiency are to weigh two performance indications that device is made three-dimensional body key.In manufacture process successively, with regard to every layer, requirement on machining accuracy is high, just means that the scanning harden zone after processing is high with the degree of fitting of the graph area of expectation prototype; It is high that production efficiency requires, and is illustrated in and in the shorter time, completes scanning and the sclerosis of every layer.Generally, scanning operation occupies the most of the time that every layer of three-dimensional body made.Except the data processing before and after moulding, material factor etc., spot diameter size and the power of precision and photon beam or beam of particles have much relations.Guaranteeing under the prerequisite of shaped object compactness, photon beam or beam of particles are with identical or maximum sweep speed operation (usually, maximum sweep rate is subject to the restriction of system hardware condition), required precision is higher, more need to reduce to fill spot diameter size and the power of sweep span and photon beam or beam of particles, the increased frequency of scanning filling so, thus working (machining) efficiency reduced; Efficiency requires higher, more need to strengthen spot diameter size and the power of filling sweep span and photon beam or beam of particles, in the prototype figure of processing so to be scanned, than filling the narrow position of sweep span, also be the position that profile gap ratio is thinner, have the two kinds of results that may process.One, abandons, and does not process; Its two, carry out scanning, the object after moulding is large than prototype in the size at this position, requires the key position of precision machined product or product not reach requirement on machining accuracy.Therefore,, from an aspect, precision and efficiency are mutually to restrict to a certain extent.
On traditional above-mentioned " layer is manufactured " device, for a certain moulding material, existing way is, in the process of whole manufacture three-dimensional body, select identical or maximum sweep speed, take power and the spot diameter dimensional parameters of identical sweep span, photon beam or beam of particles.Like this, user can only be scanned sintering according to the fixing parameters of system, often occur meeting machining accuracy, but production efficiency is low or machining accuracy is inadequate, the phenomenon that production efficiency is higher.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is just: the technical problem existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of principle simple, easily realize, can to machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency be optimized configuration for successively manufacturing the scan method of three-dimensional body.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
For successively manufacturing a scan method for three-dimensional body, step is:
(1) every layer cross section of three-dimensional body to be manufactured is divided into tenuity and non-tenuity; A certain value is set as the threshold value of the gap width of three-dimensional body cross section profile, according to the gap width of cross section profile in x/y direction, the coating area of needs scanning is divided into tenuity and non-tenuity; Wherein, described tenuity is the region that profile gap width is less than threshold value, and non-tenuity is the region that profile gap width is more than or equal to threshold value;
(2) tenuity obtaining according to step (1) and non-tenuity, carry out subarea-scanning; When the non-tenuity of scanning, select larger photon beam or beam of particles power and spot diameter size; When scanning tenuity, select less photon beam or beam of particles power and spot diameter size.
As a further improvement on the present invention: in described step (1), concrete steps are:
(1.1) read in workpiece data file;
(1.2) tangent with thin slice and the workpiece data file of parallel xy plane, obtain N workpiece profile cross section, the spacing of adjacent sections is default lift height;
(1.3) respectively by spacing for default sweep span value and be parallel to the axial straight line of X/Y in xy plane and intersect with section of outline, obtain respectively the crossing line segment of N bar on X/Y direction of principal axis;
(1.4) read in the thin-walled threshold value that User Defined arranges;
(1.5) by thin-walled threshold value, compare with the length of each crossing line segment on X/Y direction of principal axis on each cross section respectively.If current intersecting lens segment length is less than thin-walled threshold value, the region between current crossing line segment and next crossing line segment is cross section tenuity, otherwise is non-tenuity.
As a further improvement on the present invention: the default sweep span value in described step (1.3) is to be determined according to the spot diameter size of system, scan power, density of material by user.
As a further improvement on the present invention: the making precision that the thin-walled threshold value in described step (1.4) is required according to workpiece by user and the minimum light spot diameter dimension of system define setting, value is greater than default the more than 1.5 times of sweep span value.
As a further improvement on the present invention: in described step (2), concrete steps are:
(2.1) for all non-tenuity of section of outline, according to sweep span value and the scan mode of user preset, determine scanning pattern, then, select the identical speed that exposes thoroughly, identical spot diameter size and identical photon beam or the power parameter of beam of particles 1 are set;
(2.2) for all tenuities of section of outline, according to minimum light spot diameter dimension and the required precision of system, determine sweep span and scanning pattern, spot diameter size is set to system minimum light spot diameter dimension, then, determine sweep speed, the power parameter of photon beam or beam of particles 1.
As a further improvement on the present invention: the scan power density of described tenuity is identical with the scan power density of non-tenuity.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described photon beam is laser beam, beam of particles is high energy electron beam.
As a further improvement on the present invention: described scan method is based on layer manufacturing installation, described layer manufacturing installation is stereolithography art device, laser sintering device or electron-beam melting device; The scanning material of described layer manufacturing installation is liquid light-cured resin, ceramic powders, paraffin powder, metal dust or polymer powder.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: of the present invention for successively manufacturing the scan method of three-dimensional body, principle simply, easily realizes, and is applicable to photon beam or the scanning of beam of particles on material liquid state or powder type on all devices of successively manufacturing three-dimensional body.User can freely arrange thin-walled threshold value according to processing request, the section of outline that successively scans sintering is divided into tenuity and non-tenuity, and then adopt different sweep parameters to distinguish scanning to zones of different, balanced to the full extent efficiency and the precision of successively manufacturing three-dimensional body.The method according to this invention, adopts larger or maximum scanning constant speed to non-tenuity, fixing spot diameter size and fixing photon beam or the parameters such as power of beam of particles is set, to guarantee production efficiency; When scanning meets with non-tenuity, adopt minimum system spot diameter size, and adjust the parameters such as power of sweep span, sweep speed and photon beam or beam of particles simultaneously, make tenuity obtain the power density consistent with non-tenuity, owing to having reduced spot diameter size, and be provided with the sweep span adapting with it, thus avoided causing overflowing the situation of answering machining area because adopting compared with large spot size and the scanning of default spacing, guaranteed tenuity machining accuracy.Met like this requirement in working (machining) efficiency and the product machining accuracy of whole layer-by-layer preparation three-dimensional body.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the operation principle schematic diagram of the present invention in concrete application example.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the present invention's two three-dimensional bodies a certain layer cross section in Z-direction in concrete application example.
Marginal data:
1, photon beam or beam of particles; 2, three-dimensional body to be processed; 3, first area; 4, paving stock mechanism; 5, work top; 6, second area.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, of the present invention a kind of for successively manufacturing the scan method of three-dimensional body, for layer manufacturing installation.The present invention is based on the mode that adopts photon beam or 1 pair of three-dimensional body of beam of particles successively to scan, utilize photon beam or beam of particles 1 to penetrate on work top 5, treat the powder tiling by paving stock mechanism 4 on machining 3 D object 2 cross sections and fill scanning sintering.The present invention takes the method for subarea-scanning to every layer of region to be processed, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) read in workpiece data file;
(2) tangent with thin slice and the workpiece data file of parallel xy plane, obtain N workpiece profile cross section, the spacing of adjacent sections is default lift height;
(3) respectively by spacing for default sweep span value and be parallel to the axial straight line of X/Y in xy plane and intersect with section of outline, obtain respectively the crossing line segment of N bar on X/Y direction of principal axis;
(4) read in the thin-walled threshold value that User Defined arranges;
(5) by thin-walled threshold value, compare with the length of each crossing line segment on X/Y direction of principal axis on each cross section respectively.If current intersecting lens segment length is less than thin-walled threshold value, the region between current crossing line segment and next crossing line segment is cross section tenuity, otherwise is non-tenuity.
(6) for the different sweep parameter of different region divisions;
All non-tenuity for section of outline, according to sweep span value and the scan mode of user preset, determine scanning pattern, then, select the identical speed that exposes thoroughly, identical spot diameter size and identical photon beam or the power parameter of beam of particles 1 are set;
For all tenuities of section of outline, according to minimum light spot diameter dimension and the required precision of system, determine sweep span and scanning pattern, spot diameter size is set to system minimum light spot diameter dimension, then, determine sweep speed, the power parameter of photon beam or beam of particles 1.
(7) system sends instruction, controls the transmitting power of galvanometer motor motion and photon beam or beam of particles, according to the scanning pattern of setting, successively scans sintering.
In above-mentioned scan method, the scan power density of tenuity is identical with the scan power density of non-tenuity.
In above-mentioned scan method, photon beam can be selected laser beam, and beam of particles can be selected high energy electron beam.Layer manufacturing installation can be selected stereolithography art device, laser sintering device, electron-beam melting device etc.The material of scanning can be selected liquid material and the dusty materials such as liquid light-cured resin, ceramic powders, paraffin powder, metal dust, polymer powder.
In above-mentioned scan method, the default sweep span value in step (3) is to be determined according to factors such as the spot diameter size of system, scan power, density of material by user.
In above-mentioned scan method, the making precision that the thin-walled threshold value in step (4) is required according to workpiece by user and the factor self-definings such as minimum light spot diameter dimension of system arrange, and general value is greater than default the more than 1.5 times of sweep span value.
In above-mentioned scan method, while sweep parameter being set in step (6), for the non-tenuity of section of outline, adopt existing common way, select larger spot diameter size, sweep speed and photon beam or beam of particles power scan parameter.For the tenuity of section of outline, by response frequency parameter and the scanning accuracy of galvanometer, jointly determine sweep speed; In the situation that assurance is consistent with non-tenuity photon beam or beam of particles power density, by sweep speed, sweep span and spot diameter size, jointly determine the power parameter of photon beam or beam of particles.
As shown in Figure 3, be the schematic diagram of the present invention's two three-dimensional bodies a certain layer cross section in Z-direction in concrete application example.In figure, object a and object b have the faying face that precision prescribed is high, fitness is high, as shown in first area 3 and second area 6; Take above-mentioned object as example, and the present invention will be further described in detail.
For this layer cross section, system is that default sweep span value △ d and straight line and the section of outline that is parallel to xy plane X/Y direction intersect by spacing respectively, obtains respectively N bar on X/Y direction of principal axis and intersects line segment.Then, read in the thin-walled threshold value △ W that User Defined arranges, with △ W, compare with the length of each crossing line segment on X/Y direction of principal axis on cross section respectively.Suppose △ W>W1, △ W>W2, the object a cross section raised zones in first area 3 and the raised zones in second area 6 is whole cross section in Y direction tenuity in X-direction so, other regions, comprising object b and the object a(projection and the projection in second area 6 in first area 3) intersecting lens segment length on X/Y direction of principal axis is greater than △ W, is non-tenuity.
For the different sweep parameter of resulting different region division.
1) raised zones in first area 3 and the raised zones in second area 6 to object a cross section, according to minimum light spot diameter dimension and the required precision of system, determine the sweep span and the scanning pattern that are less than △ d.According to the response frequency parameter of galvanometer, guaranteeing, under the prerequisite of scanning accuracy, less sweep speed to be set.Spot diameter size is set to system minimum light spot diameter dimension.The in the situation that of guaranteed output density, according to sweep speed, sweep span and spot diameter size, determine photon beam or beam of particles power parameter.
2), for other non-thin-wall regions, according to user preset sweep span value △ d and scan mode, determine scanning pattern.Then, fixing spot diameter size is set, fixing sweep speed and fixing photon beam or beam of particles power parameter.Final system sends instruction according to the parameter value arranging, and controls the transmitting power of galvanometer motor motion and photon beam or beam of particles, according to the scanning pattern of setting, successively scans sintering.
Cross-sectional layers after firing, the raised zones of object a cross section in first area 3 and the raised zones in second area 6, owing to having adjusted sweep parameter, have guaranteed machining accuracy; Non-thin-wall regions, adopts the parameters such as sweep span larger than tenuity, has improved scanning sintering efficiency.The recessed region of object b cross section in first area 3 and the recessed region in second area 6, because the crossing line segment on X/Y direction of principal axis is greater than △ W, therefore do not need to adopt minimum light spot diameter dimension and adjust other parameters can guarantee sintering precision yet.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is also not only confined to above-described embodiment, and all technical schemes belonging under thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.