CN117682917A - Method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material - Google Patents
Method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117682917A CN117682917A CN202311711945.XA CN202311711945A CN117682917A CN 117682917 A CN117682917 A CN 117682917A CN 202311711945 A CN202311711945 A CN 202311711945A CN 117682917 A CN117682917 A CN 117682917A
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- cow dung
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical class [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical group [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940093914 potassium sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001147746 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The method comprises the following steps: 1. crushing cow dung; 2. sterilizing and spraying pretreatment liquid; 3. adding regulator and decomposing agent, fermenting; 4. mixing the cow dung after fermentation in the step three with a nutrient to obtain cow dung; preparing composite active carbon from cow dung, crop straw powder and honey peach Hu Fenmo which are fermented in the third step, and mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries. The cow dung can be completely fermented only by about 2 weeks by using the method of the invention, thereby realizing the high-value recycling of the dung, being a high-value recycling means and having wide application prospect. The invention can obtain the soilless culture substrate for cow dung and strawberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a method for rapidly producing an efficient organic fertilizer special for strawberries by taking cow dung as a raw material.
Background
The insufficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources and the excessive application of chemical fertilizers are main causes of agricultural pollution in China, and the harmless treatment and the recycling of livestock and poultry manure are the problems which are urgently needed to be solved at present.
In grassland areas, the air-dried cow dung collected by the herdsmen is used as fuel to be directly combusted for heating or cooking, which is the simplest method for directly using the dung as an energy source, but the utilization is insufficient and the air pollution is easy to cause; therefore, the research of the method for efficiently utilizing the livestock manure becomes a popular research direction in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by taking cow dung as a raw material, which aims to solve the technical problems that the utilization of the livestock dung is insufficient and the air pollution is easy to cause.
A method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material comprises the following steps:
1. putting cow dung into a pulverizer for pulverizing;
2. transferring the crushed cow dung in the first step to a pretreatment tank, opening a sterilization device, and spraying pretreatment liquid;
3. transferring the cow dung pretreated in the second step into a horizontal fermentation tank, adding a regulator and a decomposing agent, fermenting to obtain a fermentation coarse material, and transferring to a fermentation site for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented cow dung;
4. mixing the cow dung after fermentation in the step three with a nutrient to obtain cow dung; preparing composite active carbon from cow dung, crop straw powder and honey peach Hu Fenmo which are fermented in the third step, and mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries.
Further, the particle size of the material particles obtained after the cow dung is crushed in the step one is 10-30 mm, and the uniform and proper particle size is beneficial to fermentation.
Further, the generating process of the pretreatment liquid in the second step is as follows:
using platinum as an anode and lead as a cathode, and electrolyzing the saturated ammonium bisulfate solution at 30 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h to obtain a pretreatment solution A;
taking an iron sheet as an anode, and a graphite rod as a cathode, and electrolyzing sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 40% for 1h to obtain a pretreatment solution B;
the pretreatment solution A and the pretreatment solution B are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing to obtain a pretreatment solution;
when in use, the pretreatment solution is sprayed on cow dung after being atomized.
The atomized water is easier to mix with the excrement uniformly, and the oxidant solution carries out preliminary degradation on the macromolecules which are difficult to degrade in advance, so that the biological utilization is facilitated.
Further, the mass ratio of the pretreatment liquid to the cow dung is controlled to be (0.5-1.5): 10, the reaction time is 1-5 h; the sterilization device in the second step is a plasma low-temperature sterilization device, an ozone sterilization device or an ultraviolet sterilization device, and the opening time is 20-120min.
Further, the modifier in the third step is a mixture of wine bran, plant ash, straw powder, soybean dregs and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:1 (0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the modifier to cow dung is (1-5): 5.
Further, the decomposing inoculant in the step three is a powdery compound enzyme preparation, and is prepared by mixing a microbial inoculant obtained by mixing more than two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactobacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma harzianum, and then compounding the microbial inoculant with protease, coenzyme and cellulase; the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum, the protease, the laccase and the cellulase is 1:0.5 (0.1-0.5): 0.5, wherein the effective viable count is more than 0.5 hundred million/g, the protease activity is more than 15U/g, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.5%. The combined action of the enzyme and the bacteria can accelerate the degradation of organic matters.
Further, the fermentation process in the third step is as follows: opening a graphene heater outside the fermentation tank, controlling the temperature to be 37 ℃, and stirring and reacting for 24-48 hours at a controlled temperature to obtain fermentation coarse materials; transferring the fermented coarse material to a fermentation site, continuing fermenting for 3-14 days, and controlling the temperature to be 37-65 ℃. After temperature control fermentation, the heating speed is obviously accelerated, and the temperature can reach more than 55 ℃ within one week.
Further, in the fourth step, the nutrient is ferric citrate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, borax, zinc sulfate, fulvic acid and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio is 0.1:0.1:1:0.1:0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the nutrient to the cow dung is (0.5-2) 20.
Aiming at the difficult problem in the excrement recycling process, the invention provides a excrement high-value recycling method, which adopts an accurate control biochemical reaction method to rapidly treat cow dung, and prepares cow dung fertilizer and strawberry soilless culture substrate.
Further, the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo are prepared into composite active carbon, and the composite active carbon is mixed with volcanic rock and vermiculite to prepare the soilless culture substrate for strawberries, which is specifically prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo to obtain a mixture A;
(2) mixing the mixture A with potassium carbonate, adding water, stirring uniformly, standing for 20-40 min, and drying to obtain a mixture B;
(3) heating the mixture B to 250 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, and preserving heat at 250 ℃ for 60-120 min to obtain the composite activated carbon;
(4) and mixing the composite active carbon, volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries.
The crop straw powder in the step (1) is corn straw powder, soybean straw powder or wheat straw powder; the mass ratio of the cow dung, the crop straw powder and the honey peach powder after fermentation in the mixture A in the step (1) is 2:1 (0.05-0.1); the mass ratio of the mixture A to the potassium carbonate in the step (2) is 10 (1-2); the mass ratio of the composite active carbon to the volcanic rock to the vermiculite in the step (4) is (8-10), 2-3 and 1-2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
hydroxyl free radicals and ferrate in the pretreatment solution have strong oxidability, so that macromolecular organic matter degradation can be accelerated, and the biochemical rate of the organic matter can be improved; the sterilizing device kills the miscellaneous bacteria in the excrement in advance, and shortens the competition process of competing for living resources with the effective bacteria; the temperature-controlled fermentation process provides favorable fermentation conditions for microbial and enzymatic degradation, and has the advantages of rapid organic matter degradation rate, rapid heating and rapid water content reduction. These actions all accelerate the fermentation process, and compared with the conventional fermentation period of more than 30 days, the fermentation process can be completed only by about 2 weeks.
The technology has short period, less nitrogen loss, high humic acid conversion rate, and the mass content of the fermented cow dung fulvic acid is improved from 1% to more than 7%, and the organic matters are more than or equal to 50%; total nitrogen is more than or equal to 3%; the total potassium is more than or equal to 2 percent; the total nutrient is more than or equal to 6 percent, which is far beyond the standard of organic fertilizer.
Based on fermented cow dung, the soilless culture substrate for strawberries is prepared, the growth requirement of strawberries is more comprehensively met, the quality is better, the yield is higher, and the taste is finer.
The invention can obtain the soilless culture substrate for cow dung and strawberries.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as a raw material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. putting cow dung into a pulverizer for pulverizing;
2. transferring the crushed cow dung in the first step to a pretreatment tank, opening a sterilization device, and spraying pretreatment liquid;
3. transferring the cow dung pretreated in the second step into a horizontal fermentation tank, adding a regulator and a decomposing agent, fermenting to obtain a fermentation coarse material, and transferring to a fermentation site for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented cow dung;
4. mixing the cow dung after fermentation in the step three with a nutrient to obtain cow dung; preparing composite active carbon from cow dung, crop straw powder and honey peach Hu Fenmo which are fermented in the third step, and mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the specific embodiment in that: the grain size of the material particles obtained after the cow dung is crushed in the step one is 10-30 mm. The other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the generation process of the pretreatment liquid comprises the following steps:
using platinum as an anode and lead as a cathode, and electrolyzing the saturated ammonium bisulfate solution at 30 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h to obtain a pretreatment solution A;
taking an iron sheet as an anode, and a graphite rod as a cathode, and electrolyzing sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 40% for 1h to obtain a pretreatment solution B;
the pretreatment solution A and the pretreatment solution B are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing to obtain a pretreatment solution;
when in use, the pretreatment solution is sprayed on cow dung after being atomized. The other steps are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: one difference between this embodiment and the first to third embodiments is that: controlling the mass ratio of the pretreatment liquid to the cow dung to be (0.5-1.5): 10, the reaction time is 1-5 h; the sterilization device in the second step is a plasma low-temperature sterilization device, an ozone sterilization device or an ultraviolet sterilization device, and the opening time is 20-120min. The other steps are the same as those of the first to third embodiments.
Fifth embodiment: one to four differences between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment are: and step three, the regulator is a mixture of wine bran, plant ash, straw powder, soybean residue and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:1 (0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the regulator to cow dung is (1-5): 5. Other steps are the same as those of the first to fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: the present embodiment differs from the first to fifth embodiments in that: the decomposing inoculant is a powdery compound enzyme preparation, and is prepared by mixing more than two bacteria selected from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactobacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma harzianum to obtain a microbial inoculant, and then compounding the microbial inoculant with protease, coenzyme and cellulase; the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum, the protease, the laccase and the cellulase is 1:0.5 (0.1-0.5): 0.5, wherein the effective viable count is more than 0.5 hundred million/g, the protease activity is more than 15U/g, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.5%. Other steps are the same as those of the first to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: one difference between the present embodiment and the first to sixth embodiments is that: the fermentation process comprises the following steps: opening a graphene heater outside the fermentation tank, controlling the temperature to be 37 ℃, and stirring and reacting for 24-48 hours at a controlled temperature to obtain fermentation coarse materials; transferring the fermented coarse material to a fermentation site, continuing fermenting for 3-14 days, and controlling the temperature to be 37-65 ℃. Other steps are the same as those of embodiments one to six.
Eighth embodiment: one difference between the present embodiment and the first to seventh embodiments is that: in the fourth step, the nutrient is ferric citrate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, borax, zinc sulfate, fulvic acid and potassium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 0.1:0.1:1:0.1:0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the nutrient to the cow dung is (0.5-2) 20. The other steps are the same as those of embodiments one to seven.
Detailed description nine: one of the differences between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: in the fourth step, the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo are prepared into composite active carbon, and then the composite active carbon is mixed with volcanic rock and vermiculite to prepare the soilless culture substrate for strawberries, which is specifically prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo to obtain a mixture A;
(2) mixing the mixture A with potassium carbonate, adding water, stirring uniformly, standing for 20-40 min, and drying to obtain a mixture B;
(3) heating the mixture B to 250 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, and preserving heat at 250 ℃ for 60-120 min to obtain the composite activated carbon;
(4) and mixing the composite active carbon, volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries. Other steps are the same as those of embodiments one to eight.
Detailed description ten: the present embodiment differs from the first to ninth embodiments in that: the crop straw powder in the step (1) is corn straw powder, soybean straw powder or wheat straw powder; the mass ratio of the cow dung, the crop straw powder and the honey peach powder after fermentation in the mixture A in the step (1) is 2:1 (0.05-0.1); the mass ratio of the mixture A to the potassium carbonate in the step (2) is 10 (1-2); the mass ratio of the composite active carbon to the volcanic rock to the vermiculite in the step (4) is (8-10), 2-3 and 1-2. The other steps are the same as those of embodiments one to nine.
The following examples are used to verify the benefits of the present invention:
example 1: a method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material comprises the following steps:
1. putting cow dung into a pulverizer for pulverizing;
2. transferring the crushed cow dung in the first step to a pretreatment tank, opening a sterilization device, and spraying pretreatment liquid;
3. transferring the cow dung pretreated in the second step to a horizontal fermentation tank, adding a regulator and a decomposing agent, fermenting to obtain fermentation coarse material, and transferring to a fermentation site for continuous fermentation;
4. mixing the cow dung after fermentation in the step three with a nutrient to obtain cow dung; preparing composite active carbon from cow dung, crop straw powder and honey peach Hu Fenmo which are fermented in the step three, and mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain a strawberry soilless culture substrate;
the grain size of the material particles obtained after the cow dung is crushed is 10-30 mm;
the generation process of the pretreatment liquid comprises the following steps:
electrolyzing saturated ammonium bisulfate solution for 1h at 30 ℃ by taking platinum as an anode and lead as a cathode to obtain a pretreatment solution A;
taking an iron sheet as an anode, and a graphite rod as a cathode, and electrolyzing sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 40% for 1h to obtain a pretreatment solution B;
the pretreatment solution A and the pretreatment solution B are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing to obtain a pretreatment solution;
when in use, the pretreatment solution is sprayed on cow dung after being atomized.
Controlling the mass ratio of the pretreatment liquid to the cow dung to be 1:10, the reaction time was 3h.
The sterilization device in the second step is an ultraviolet sterilization device, and the opening time is 45min.
And step three, the regulator is a mixture of wine bran, plant ash, straw powder, soybean residue and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:1:0.07, and the mass ratio of the regulator to cow dung is 1.5:5.
The decomposing inoculant is a powdery compound enzyme preparation, and is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma harzianum according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, and then compounding the inoculant with protease, coenzyme and cellulase; the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to the protease to the laccase to the cellulase is 1:0.5:0.1:0.5, wherein the effective viable count is more than 0.5 hundred million/g, the protease activity is more than 15U/g, and the addition amount is 0.1%.
The fermentation process comprises the following steps: and (3) opening a graphene heater outside the fermentation tank, controlling the temperature to be 37 ℃, and stirring and reacting at the controlled temperature for 24 hours to obtain the fermentation coarse material.
Transferring the fermented coarse material to a fermentation site, and continuing fermenting for 8 days, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 37-65 ℃.
In the fourth step, the nutrient is ferric citrate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, borax, zinc sulfate, fulvic acid and potassium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 0.1:0.1:1:0.1:0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the nutrient to the cow dung is 1:20.
In the fourth step, the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo are prepared into composite active carbon, and then the composite active carbon is mixed with volcanic rock and vermiculite to prepare the soilless culture substrate for strawberries, which is specifically prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo to obtain a mixture A;
the crop straw powder in the step (1) is wheat straw powder;
the mass ratio of the cow dung, the crop straw powder and the honey peach powder after fermentation in the mixture A in the step (1) is 2:1:0.05;
(2) mixing the mixture A with potassium carbonate, adding water, stirring uniformly, standing for 30min, and drying to obtain a mixture B;
the mass ratio of the mixture A to the potassium carbonate in the step (2) is 10:1;
(3) heating the mixture B to 250 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, and preserving heat for 90min at 250 ℃ to obtain the composite activated carbon;
(4) mixing the composite active carbon, volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain a strawberry soilless culture substrate;
the mass ratio of the composite active carbon to the volcanic rock to the vermiculite in the step (4) is 8:2:2.
Comparative example 1: the preparation of the contrast soilless culture substrate is completed according to the following steps:
mixing peat soil, volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain a contrast soilless culture substrate;
the mass ratio of the peat soil to the volcanic rock to the vermiculite is 8:2:2.
Using the soilless culture substrate (experimental group) of strawberries prepared in example 1 and the soilless culture substrate prepared in comparative example 1 as culture substrates for planting strawberries, the planting and management methods of the experimental group and the control group are the same, and the yield of single strawberries in one planting year (4 months 1 day-9 months 30 days) is counted, as shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| Sample of | Total number of individual fruits | Single plant yield (kg) |
| Control group | 20 | 0.41 |
| Experimental group | 28 | 0.7 |
As can be seen from table 1: the soilless culture substrate for strawberries prepared in the embodiment 1 has rich nutrients and organic matters, can promote the growth of strawberries and the enlargement of fruits, and the total number and the yield of single strawberries in an experimental group are far better than those in a control group, so that the comprehensive effect of the experimental group is best.
Taking the cow dung fertilizer prepared in the example 1 and the commodity cow dung fertilizer to plant radishes; sample 1 is commercial cow dung with the mass fraction of 1% added into planting soil, sample 2 is cow dung prepared in example 1 with the mass fraction of 1% added into planting soil, and sample 3 is cow dung prepared in example 1 with the mass fraction of 1.5% added into planting soil; the emergence rate and the emergence time are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
| Sample of | Emergence rate of seedlings | Time to emergence of seedlings |
| 1 | 50％ | 9 days |
| 2 | 80％ | For 6 days |
| 3 | 100％ | For 3 days |
As can be seen from table 2: the cow dung fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 has higher emergence rate and faster emergence rate, and the fulvic acid content of the cow dung fertilizer is tested to be 8 percent, which is approximately 3 times that of common cow dung fertilizer (3 percent), so that the produced fertilizer is obviously more efficient. The NY 884-2012 biological organic fertilizer is tested to be in accordance with other indexes such as organic matters, total nutrients, effective viable count and the like of the standard biological organic fertilizer, so that the biological organic fertilizer can be independently used as a general organic fertilizer for other crops.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the gist of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. putting cow dung into a pulverizer for pulverizing;
2. transferring the crushed cow dung in the first step to a pretreatment tank, opening a sterilization device, and spraying pretreatment liquid;
3. transferring the cow dung pretreated in the second step into a horizontal fermentation tank, adding a regulator and a decomposing agent, fermenting to obtain a fermentation coarse material, and transferring to a fermentation site for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented cow dung;
4. mixing the cow dung after fermentation in the step three with a nutrient to obtain cow dung; preparing composite active carbon from cow dung, crop straw powder and honey peach Hu Fenmo which are fermented in the third step, and mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries.
2. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by using cow dung as a raw material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the material particles obtained by crushing the cow dung in the step one is 10-30 mm.
3. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by using cow dung as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the generating process of the pretreatment liquid in the second step is as follows:
using platinum as an anode and lead as a cathode, and electrolyzing the saturated ammonium bisulfate solution at 30 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h to obtain a pretreatment solution A;
taking an iron sheet as an anode, and a graphite rod as a cathode, and electrolyzing sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 40% for 1h to obtain a pretreatment solution B;
the pretreatment solution A and the pretreatment solution B are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing to obtain a pretreatment solution;
when in use, the pretreatment solution is sprayed on cow dung after being atomized.
4. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by taking cow dung as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pretreatment liquid to the cow dung is controlled to be (0.5-1.5): 10, the reaction time is 1-5 h; the sterilization device in the second step is a plasma low-temperature sterilization device, an ozone sterilization device or an ultraviolet sterilization device, and the opening time is 20-120min.
5. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by taking cow dung as a raw material according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the regulator is a mixture of wine bran, plant ash, straw powder, soybean dregs and brown sugar according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1:1 (0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the regulator to the cow dung is (1-5): 5.
6. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture substrate by taking cow dung as a raw material, which is characterized in that in the third step, a decomposing agent is a powdery compound enzyme preparation, and is prepared by mixing a microbial inoculum obtained by mixing more than two bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, lactobacillus lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma harzianum, and compounding the microbial inoculum with protease, coenzyme and cellulase; the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum, the protease, the laccase and the cellulase is 1:0.5 (0.1-0.5): 0.5, wherein the effective viable count is more than 0.5 hundred million/g, the protease activity is more than 15U/g, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.5%.
7. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by using cow dung as raw material according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation process in the third step is as follows: opening a graphene heater outside the fermentation tank, controlling the temperature to be 37 ℃, and stirring and reacting for 24-48 hours at a controlled temperature to obtain fermentation coarse materials; transferring the fermented coarse material to a fermentation site, continuing fermenting for 3-14 days, and controlling the temperature to be 37-65 ℃.
8. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by taking cow dung as raw material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the nutrient is ferric citrate, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, zinc sulfate, fulvic acid and potassium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 0.1:0.1:1:0.1:0.5:1, and the mass ratio of the nutrient to the cow dung is (0.5-2) 20.
9. The method for rapidly producing the soilless culture substrate for the strawberries and the cow dung by taking the cow dung as the raw material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the fourth step, the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the honey peach Hu Fenmo are prepared into composite active carbon, and the preparation of the soilless culture substrate for the strawberries by mixing the composite active carbon with volcanic rocks and vermiculite is specifically completed by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the fermented cow dung, the crop straw powder and the juicy peach Hu Fenmo to obtain a mixture A;
(2) mixing the mixture A with potassium carbonate, adding water, stirring uniformly, standing for 20-40 min, and drying to obtain a mixture B;
(3) heating the mixture B to 250 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, and preserving heat at 250 ℃ for 60-120 min to obtain the composite activated carbon;
(4) and mixing the composite active carbon, volcanic rock and vermiculite to obtain the soilless culture substrate for strawberries.
10. The method for rapidly producing cow dung and strawberry soilless culture medium by taking cow dung as a raw material, which is characterized in that the crop straw powder in the step (1) is corn straw powder, soybean straw powder or wheat straw powder; the mass ratio of the cow dung, the crop straw powder and the honey peach powder after fermentation in the mixture A in the step (1) is 2:1 (0.05-0.1); the mass ratio of the mixture A to the potassium carbonate in the step (2) is 10 (1-2); the mass ratio of the composite active carbon to the volcanic rock to the vermiculite in the step (4) is (8-10), 2-3 and 1-2.
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