CN116410387A - 乙烯基系共聚物、含有该乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
乙烯基系共聚物、含有该乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116410387A CN116410387A CN202111661391.8A CN202111661391A CN116410387A CN 116410387 A CN116410387 A CN 116410387A CN 202111661391 A CN202111661391 A CN 202111661391A CN 116410387 A CN116410387 A CN 116410387A
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- monomer
- vinyl
- vinyl copolymer
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- acrylate
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乙烯基系共聚物、含有该乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物及其应用。所述乙烯基系共聚物由单体通过自由基聚合获得;按单体总重量100份计算,包括40~60份单体a,30~50份单体b,5~10份单体c,0.1~5份单体d;所述单体a为均聚物玻璃化温度Tg低于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体b为均聚物玻璃化温度大于或等于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体c为阳离子型乙烯基类单体;所述单体d交联型乙烯基类单体。所述乙烯基系共聚物中含有阳离子单体,使共聚物呈阳离子性;同时该共聚物中含有交联单元,其在纸制品烘干过程中与纤维上的羟基发生反应,形成网状结构,提高防水膜层的附着力,同时赋予纸制品较好的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子聚合物领域,具体涉及一种乙烯基系共聚物、含有该乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物及其应用。
背景技术
纸浆模塑制品(纸塑)是目前一次性发泡塑料最理想的替代品,具有生产原料来源广泛、生产过程基本无污染、易于生物降解和废纸再生等特点,其应用范围逐渐扩大,已经从最初的快餐盒领域逐渐应用到工业包装、医疗器具等行业,应用前景非常乐观。纸制品的主要成分是纤维素纤维,其表面富含有大量羟基,由于羟基是极性基团,易于吸附极性的水分子,并与吸附的水分子形成氢键结合,这是纤维素吸附水的内在原因;同时构成纸张的纤维间存在大量孔隙,液体可以借助毛细管作用通过纸张纤维之间的这些孔隙发生扩散并逐渐渗透整个纸张,因此纸制品具有一定的吸水性,在储存过程中容易受潮。应用于快餐盒及包装领域的纸浆模塑制品都需要有一定的防水效果,特别是那些容易与水甚至是热水接触的场合,比如用快餐盒盛热汤、包装纸箱在运输过程中遇到的短时雨水,对纸制品的防水性能要求较高。
目前业内主要采用两种方式,一种方式是在纸质产品表面塑料覆膜或上光油、施蜡,以起到保护纸质品的作用。然而塑料覆膜一来成本较高,且不可降解回收,容易造成环境污染,二来破坏了纸制品的透气性,在一些需要透气性的包装中(比如水果、蔬菜)覆膜就不能满足包装要求;上光油和施蜡其本质上也是一种微覆膜,虽然比传统覆膜更环保更经济更赋予产品美观性,但它也破坏了纸制品的透气性,且防水性能依然不足以代替塑料覆膜,蜡质层对使用温度有限制。另一种方式是在纸和纸板制造加工过程中通过浆内添加或表面涂布的方式将防水剂或抗水剂与纤维结合,通过改变纸张的表面张力(表面能),降低液体对它们的润湿作用,或者同时添加憎水填料,堵塞纤维交织形成的毛细孔道,达到防水或阻水的目的,这种方式在制造加工过程中操作方便、价廉且不影响纸制品的生物降解性及废纸再生,逐渐发展成为主流。
纸张用防水(抗水)剂主要有石蜡、松香胶、硬脂酸氯化铬配合物、有机硅、壳聚糖、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)等,它们一般作为施胶剂以浆内施胶或表面施胶的方式赋予纸张一定的抗水、抗油墨等性能。如要针对特定流体、特定使用场景的抗液性能,施胶剂的种类及性能选择也需要做相应的改变。纸浆模塑制品中不管是纸餐盒还是包装领域的纸制品,都会面临与大量水接触甚至浸泡,对制品的防水性能要求较高,一般意义上的防水(抗水)剂都无法满足使用要求,或者必须加大使用量,势必增加企业生产成本及减排负担,因此开发防水性能优异、低添加量并且使用方便的纸浆模塑制品用防水剂具有重要意义。
CN102720093A公开了一种氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液抗水剂及其制备方法,它是由氧化聚乙烯蜡和二氧化硅纳米粉体在复合乳化剂中配制成乳液,应用于纸箱、纸板高级纸制品时起到防水防潮及阻燃功能;CN103711033A公开了一种防水水性上光油及其制备方法,它主要由室温交联型聚丙烯酯乳液、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯树脂液、防水蜡乳液组成,适合有防水要求的纸品印刷品表面上光;CN104594118A公开了一种用于纸制品的防水涂料,它是由高分子硅油乳液和纳米蜡乳液组成,通过涂覆或印刷在纸制品外表形成硅油-纳米复合层,产生防水效果,并且具有透明性。这些公开文献都是在纸制品表面覆上一层具有防水功能的物质,纸制品的内层纤维不具有防水功能,同时由于石蜡的熔点在50℃左右,纸制品不能在高温下使用。CN103866615A公开了一种纸张防水剂及其制备方法,该防水剂由聚丙烯腈纤维、聚乙烯、聚乙烯蜡、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾盐、乙酸乙烯酯和碳酸氢钠组成,可以在现有纸张生产工艺过程中的抄纸工段添加,使纸张具有防水性能,该防水剂引入了难降解的聚丙烯腈纤维和聚苯乙烯,并且是在乳化剂中复配而成,使用过程中可能会出现分相、不稳定。CN104452453A公开了一种特种纸用水基防水防油剂及其制备方法,它是将含氢硅油、乙烯基聚醚、全氟丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯以及丙烯酸长链酯在氯铂酸的催化作用下进行接枝聚合反应,然后加入多异氰酸酯化合物对聚合物链上的羟基进行部分封闭,即可制得防水防油剂,可与淀粉水溶液复配,用于纸张表面施胶,改善纸张的防水性、防油性、力学强度和柔软度,该防水防油剂起关键作用的是全氟丙烯酸酯,该类单体价格昂贵,如果只是赋予纸制品防水功能,该类单体的使用会增加企业成本。
发明内容
为了解决以上现有技术的缺点和不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一种乙烯基系共聚物,该乙烯基系共聚物中含有阳离子单体,使共聚物呈阳离子性;同时该共聚物中含有交联单元,其在纸制品烘干过程中与纤维上的羟基发生反应,形成网状结构,提高防水膜层的附着力,同时赋予纸制品较好的力学性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述乙烯基系共聚物的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述乙烯基系共聚物的应用。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种含有所述乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述防水组合物的使用方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种含有所述乙烯基系共聚物的纸浆模塑制品。
本发明的上述目的通过如下技术方案予以实现:
一种乙烯基系共聚物,所述乙烯基系共聚物由单体通过自由基聚合获得;按单体总重量100份计算,包括40~60份单体a,30~50份单体b,5~10份单体c,0.1~5份单体d;
所述单体a为均聚物玻璃化温度Tg低于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体b为均聚物玻璃化温度大于或等于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体c为阳离子型乙烯基类单体;所述单体d交联型乙烯基类单体;
所述乙烯基共聚物的丁酮不溶成分为90质量%以上;
所述乙烯基系共聚物的丁酮可溶部分重均分子量Mw为10000~100000,重均分子量Mw和数均分子量Mn之比以Mw/Mn计为2.0~4.0。
本发明所述乙烯基系共聚物中含软单体(单体a)、硬单体(单体b)及功能性单体(单体c及单体d),赋予所述乙烯基系共聚物更好的成膜性、与纸基的结合性和在水性介质中的溶解性。其中,单体a和单体b是疏水性单体,它们能赋予共聚物防水性能。单体c和单体d为功能性单体,能提高共聚物在水性介质中的溶解性、稳定性和与纤维的结合性。将单体a、单体b、单体c和单体d共聚后可形成一端含有极性的亲水基团、另一端含有非极性的疏水基团的聚合物分子,使用过程中,亲水基团通过静电作用吸附于纸基纤维表面,疏水基团则排列在纤维外侧,形成一层疏水屏障,降低纤维的表面张力,使其具有一定的防水性能。
单体a的均聚物玻璃化温度较低,其长链侧基能缓和高分子链间的相互作用,起到增塑的效果,软单体聚合物的强度不高,一般需要与硬单体配合使用。
优选地,所述单体a为丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯或甲基丙烯酸月桂酯中的一种或几种。
单体b的均聚物玻璃化温度较高,能与软单体共聚产生较好的内聚强度和较高使用温度的共聚物。
优选地,所述单体b为苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯或丙烯腈中的一种或几种。
单体c为阳离子类乙烯基单体,其含有阳离子或者在合适条件下可以生成阳离子(阳离子前驱体),可以赋予共聚物在水性介质中的良好分散性以及防水产品与纸纤维的结合性。但单体c对共聚物的防水性能有一定影响,过多的单体c会使共聚物亲水性增加,从而降低其防水性能。
可以根据乙烯基系共聚物的聚合方法来选择阳离子类乙烯基单体,例如当采用溶液聚合时,通常选择阳离子前驱体,在聚合完成后,将阳离子前驱体转化为阳离子;当采用乳液聚合时,通常直接选择含有阳离子的单体。
优选地,所述单体c为含乙烯基的铵盐或含乙烯基的铵盐的前驱体。含乙烯基的铵盐或含乙烯基的铵盐的前驱体是常见的阳离子型乙烯基类单体。
具体地,所述含乙烯基的铵盐选自(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵。
所述含乙烯基的铵盐的前驱体选自(甲基)丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯或(甲基)丙烯酸二异丙基氨基乙酯中的一种或几种。
单体d为可以产生交联的单体,通过在聚合物分子中引入交联单元,使共聚物分子链交联形成三维网状结构,更好地与纸基纤维结合,提高制品力学强度。
所述交联型乙烯基单体除了乙烯基外,还带有至少一个可以发生交联反应的官能团,所述官能团例如是羟基或碳碳双键。
优选地,所述单体a4为(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、二乙烯基苯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯或三烯丙基氰脲酸酯中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述乙烯基系共聚物的丁酮可溶部分重均分子量Mw为20000~100000,重均分子量Mw和数均分子量Mn之比以Mw/Mn计为2.0~4.0。
本发明所述乙烯基系共聚物的制备方法,优选采用自由基聚合方法,具体可选用常规的乳液聚合方式和溶液聚合方式。
采用乳液聚合或溶液聚合时,反应在聚合介质的存在下,加入引发剂使聚合得以进行。如果采用乳液聚合,还需往反应介质中加入乳化剂。
所述乳化剂,可以列举脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基聚氧乙烯醚、烷基苯基聚氧化乙烯醚、烷基聚氧化烯聚氧乙烯醚、烷基三甲基氯化铵、二烷基二甲基氯化铵、烷基二甲基胺盐酸盐、二烷基甲基胺盐酸盐中的一种或几种。
在本发明所述乙烯基系共聚物的自由基聚合过程中,相对于单体a、单体b、单体c和单体d的添加总量的合计100质量份,所述乳化剂的用量为0.5~2质量份。
所述引发剂可以是无机过氧化物、有机过氧化物以及偶氮系引发剂中的至少一种。作为无机过氧化物,可以列举过氧化氢、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵等。作为有机过氧化物,可以列举过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化氢异丙苯、叔丁基过氧化氢和过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯等。作为偶氮系引发剂,可以列举2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二异庚腈、4,4’-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)、2,2’-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮双(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐和2,2’-偶氮双[N-(2-羧甲基)-2-甲基丙脒]水合物等。在本发明所述聚合物A的自由基聚合过程中,相对于单体a、单体b、单体c和单体d的添加总量的合计100质量份,所述引发剂的用量为0.5~1质量份。
在形成乙烯基系共聚物的过程中,为了控制所得的乙烯基系共聚物的分子量,优选添加链转移剂。作为链转移剂,可以列举烷基硫醇化合物,如十二烷基硫醇、丁基硫醇、辛基硫醇等,可选用其中的至少一种。在本发明所述乙烯基系共聚物的自由基聚合过程中,相对于单体a、单体b、单体c和单体d的添加总量的合计100质量份,所述链转移剂的用量为0.3~0.5质量份。
在形成乙烯基系共聚物的步骤中,根据聚合方法及引发剂种类选用聚合介质。聚合介质可以是水性介质或油性介质。作为水性介质,可以是去离子水。作为油性介质,可以是酮类、醇类、醚类、酯类溶剂中的一种或其混合物,优选选用与水能互溶的丙二醇、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇乙醚或其混合物。在本发明所述乙烯基系共聚物的自由基聚合过程中,相对于单体a、单体b、单体c和单体d的添加总量的合计100质量份,所述聚合介质的用量为65~500质量份。
所述乙烯基系共聚物在制备防水组合物中的应用。
一种防水组合物,包括如下组分:所述乙烯基系共聚物和水性介质。
所述防水组合物的pH值为6~7。
优选地,所述防水组合物中,乙烯基系共聚物的含量为防水组合物总重量的20~22%。
所述防水组合物的使用方法,是将所述防水组合物对纸浆模塑制品进行表面涂覆或浆内添加。
本发明中,所述涂覆可以遵照本领域常用的工艺进行,包括各种印刷方法,例如旋涂、流延、棒涂、辊涂、线棒涂布、浸涂、狭缝涂布、微凹版涂布、凹版涂布、毛细管涂布、喷涂、喷嘴涂布、丝网印刷、凹版印刷、胶版印刷、平板印刷等。
一种纸浆模塑制品,其表面或内部含有所述乙烯基系共聚物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种乙烯基系共聚物。该乙烯基系共聚物一端含有极性的亲水基团,赋予防水组合物在水性介质中良好的分散性,另一端含有非极性的疏水基团,赋予纸基制品较低的表面张力,使纸基制品具有防水性能。在乙烯基系共聚物中引入的阳离子单体,使其带有正电荷,使用时可以通过静电作用被吸附到带负电荷的纤维上,与纤维素分子上的羟基结合,在纤维表面形成一层疏水的薄膜,达到很好的助留效果。在乙烯基系共聚物中引入的交联基团,在纸制品烘干过程中与纤维上的羟基发生反应,形成网状结构,提高防水膜层的附着力,同时赋予纸制品较好的力学性能。所述乙烯基系共聚物可以与水性介质混合制成防水组合物,该防水组合物可以用于对纸浆模塑制品进行表面涂覆或浆内添加,使形成具有好的防水性能的纸浆模塑制品。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做出进一步地详细阐述,所述实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下述实施例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。关于本说明书中“份”、“%”,除非特别说明,分别表示“质量份”、“质量%”。实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明中各物理性能通过如下方法进行测定。
(1)重均分子量/数均分子量
收集乙烯基系共聚物,在索氏提取器中用丁酮回流8小时后,过滤分离丁酮不溶成分,计算出丁酮不溶成分;同时,收集丁酮可溶成分,用真空干燥机在80℃下干燥24小时,利用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC),测定得到的乙烯基系共聚物的重均分子量/数均分子量。进行GPC测定时,洗脱液为四氢呋喃(THF),温度为23±2℃。
(2)稳定性测试
观察乙烯基系共聚物在水中的分散稳定性:将防水组合物固含量调节至20%重量的水分散溶液,放入转速为3000rpm/min的离心机离心5min,然后观察沉淀的多少,按照下面的判定标准评价其稳定性能。
好:几乎无沉淀;
一般:有少量沉淀;
差:有较多沉淀。
(3)防水性测试
将蔗渣板用水浸泡,待浆板充分润胀后,用纤维标准解离器进行疏解,再经磨浆机磨浆,打浆。往打好的浆料中加入本发明制备的乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物,搅拌均匀,经成型、脱模、干燥、整形,做成纸浆模塑制品(纸餐盒)待测试样。
将100℃热水倒入干燥后的待测试样中,静置30min,观察是否有渗透现象。
没有渗透:好;
没有渗透有部分变色:一般;
有渗透:差。
实施例1
在具备电动搅拌器、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入250份丙二醇甲醚作为溶剂,开启搅拌器,称取单体a丙烯酸异辛酯40份、单体b苯乙烯50份、单体c甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份和单体d N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺2份组成单体组分,将单体组分与1份2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、0.5份十二烷基硫醇混合均匀,在氮气气氛下加入至四口烧瓶中,在65℃条件下反应10小时,完成聚合,冷却到室温,得到乙烯基系共聚物溶液,用乙酸调节pH为6~7,最后用去离子水稀释成固体浓度为20%的水分散防水组合物。
实施例2
在具备电动搅拌器、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入250份丙二醇甲醚作为溶剂,开启搅拌器,称取单体a丙烯酸丁酯50份、单体b苯乙烯40份、单体c甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份和单体d N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺2份组成单体组分,将单体组分与1份2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、0.5份十二烷基硫醇混合均匀,在氮气气氛下加入至四口烧瓶中,在65℃条件下反应10小时,完成聚合,冷却到室温,得到乙烯基系共聚物溶液,用乙酸调节pH为6~7,最后用去离子水稀释成固体浓度为20%的水分散防水组合物。
实施例3
在具备电动搅拌器、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入250份丙二醇甲醚作为溶剂,开启搅拌器,称取单体a丙烯酸乙酯60份、单体b甲基丙烯酸甲酯30份、单体c甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯8份和单体d N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺2份组成单体组分,将单体组分与1份2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、0.5份十二烷基硫醇混合均匀,在氮气气氛下加入至四口烧瓶中,在65℃条件下反应10小时,完成聚合,冷却到室温,得到乙烯基系共聚物溶液,用乙酸调节pH为6~7,最后用去离子水稀释成固体浓度为20%的水分散防水组合物。
实施例4
称取单体a丙烯酸丁酯50份、单体b苯乙烯40份、单体c甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵8份和单体d甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯2份组成单体组分,将单体组分与0.4份十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚、0.5份十二烷基硫醇、100份去离子水混合均匀,用均质机高速预乳化,制备成单体乳液。
称取0.8份2,2’-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐溶解在20份去离子水中,制备成引发剂溶液。
在具备电动搅拌器、恒压滴液漏斗、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入280份去离子水作为溶剂,开启搅拌器,称取0.8份十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚和0.4份十六烷基三甲基氯化铵加入四口烧瓶中溶解。在氮气气氛下,加入1/5所述单体乳液和1/5所述引发剂溶液至四口烧瓶中,在70℃条件下反应,待烧瓶内反应液体出现蓝光后,同时滴加剩余的单体乳液和引发剂溶液,3h滴加完毕,保温2h,冷却到室温,得到乙烯基系共聚物溶液。
实施例5
将实施例4中单体b苯乙烯换成41.5份,单体d换成乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯0.5份,其它与实施例4相同。
实施例6
将实施例4中单体b苯乙烯换成41.9份,单体d换成三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯0.1份,其它与实施例4相同。
对比例1
将实施例4中单体a丙烯酸丁酯换成53份,单体b苯乙烯换成45份,单体c换成0份,其它与实施例4相同。
对比例2
将实施例4中单体b换成42份,单体d换成0份,其它与实施例4相同。
对比例3
将实施例4中十二烷基硫醇换成0份,其它与实施例4相同。
纸塑制品的制备和评价
测定实施例中制备的乙烯基系共聚物的分子量及水分散防水组合物的稳定性,并将防水组合物通过浆内添加至纸塑制品中,添加量为3%(相对于干浆),测定其防水性能。测试结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1可知,实施例1~6中根据单体均聚物玻璃化温度的差别,采用不同的单体配比,制备成防水组合物,应用于纸塑制品中,在保证稳定性的前提下,都能达到很好的防水效果。
对比例1反映,当体系中不加入阳离子乙烯基单体时,防水性能很差,这是因为聚合物中没有引入正电荷,无法与纤维上的羟基结合,使聚合物不能附着在纸基制品上。
对比例2反映,当体系中不加入交联型乙烯基单体时,防水性能很差,这是因为虽然聚合物可能已经附着在纤维上,但没有通过交联官能团在纤维表面形成致密的膜层,当与水接触时,水会渗透至纸基制品内部。
对比例3反映,当体系中丁酮可溶成分的分子量过高时,稳定性和防水性能都很差。这是因为聚合物分子量太高,会导致其在水溶液中分散性能差,并且在聚合过程会有大量凝胶生成,从而导致防水性能差。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但是本发明并不限制于这些实施例,只要不背离本发明的精神实质和原理,对上述实施例所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化均视为等效的置换方法,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
产业上的可利用性
本发明涉及的乙烯基系共聚物和含有该乙烯基系共聚物的防水组合物可以广泛应用于造纸行业。
Claims (10)
1.一种乙烯基系共聚物,其特征在于,所述乙烯基系共聚物由单体通过自由基聚合获得;按单体总重量100份计算,包括40~60份单体a,30~50份单体b,5~10份单体c,0.1~5份单体d;
所述单体a为均聚物玻璃化温度Tg低于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体b为均聚物玻璃化温度大于或等于0℃的乙烯基类单体;所述单体c为阳离子型乙烯基类单体;所述单体d交联型乙烯基类单体;
所述乙烯基共聚物的丁酮不溶成分为90质量%以上;
所述乙烯基系共聚物的丁酮可溶部分重均分子量Mw为10000~100000,重均分子量Mw和数均分子量Mn之比以Mw/Mn计为2.0~4.0。
2.根据权利要求1所述乙烯基系共聚物,其特征在于,所述单体a为丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯或甲基丙烯酸月桂酯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述乙烯基系共聚物,其特征在于,所述单体b为苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯或丙烯腈中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述乙烯基系共聚物,其特征在于,所述单体c为阳离子型单体为含乙烯基的铵盐或含乙烯基的铵盐的前驱体。
5.根据权利要求1所述乙烯基系共聚物,其特征在于,所述单体d为(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、二乙烯基苯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯或三烯丙基氰脲酸酯中的一种或几种。
6.权利要求1至5任一项所述乙烯基系共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将单体a、单体b、单体c、单体d与引发剂、链转移剂混合,在惰性气氛中,加热反应,得到所述乙烯基系共聚物。
7.权利要求1至5任一项所述乙烯基系共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将单体a、单体b、单体c、单体d、乳化剂、链转移剂与水混合均匀,预乳化,得到单体乳液;
制备引发剂溶液;
在乳化剂和惰性气氛中,加入上述部分单体乳液和部分上述引发剂溶液,加热反应,至体系出现蓝光,滴加余下的单体乳液和引发剂溶液,保温,得到所述乙烯基系共聚物。
8.一种防水组合物,其特征在于,包括如下组分:
权利要求1至5任一项所述乙烯基系共聚物和水性介质。
9.权利要求8项所述防水组合物的使用方法,其特征在于,将所述防水组合物对纸浆模塑制品进行表面涂覆或浆内添加。
10.一种纸浆模塑制品,其特征在于,其表面或内部含有权利要求1至5任一项所述乙烯基系共聚物。
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